CN104363782A - 包含热塑性聚合物材料的纱、线及纺织品 - Google Patents

包含热塑性聚合物材料的纱、线及纺织品 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104363782A
CN104363782A CN201380029215.XA CN201380029215A CN104363782A CN 104363782 A CN104363782 A CN 104363782A CN 201380029215 A CN201380029215 A CN 201380029215A CN 104363782 A CN104363782 A CN 104363782A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
thermoplastic
polymeric materials
strand
textile
yarn
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201380029215.XA
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English (en)
Other versions
CN104363782B (zh
Inventor
布佩什·杜瓦
卡丽·L·戴维丝
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nike International Ltd
Nike Innovation LP
Original Assignee
Nike Innovation LP
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nike Innovation LP filed Critical Nike Innovation LP
Publication of CN104363782A publication Critical patent/CN104363782A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN104363782B publication Critical patent/CN104363782B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02GCRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41WEARING APPAREL
    • A41DOUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D27/00Details of garments or of their making
    • A41D27/24Hems; Seams
    • A41D27/245Hems; Seams made by welding or gluing
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/02Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the material
    • A43B13/04Plastics, rubber or vulcanised fibre
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/02Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the material
    • A43B13/12Soles with several layers of different materials
    • A43B13/122Soles with several layers of different materials characterised by the outsole or external layer
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/02Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the material
    • A43B13/12Soles with several layers of different materials
    • A43B13/125Soles with several layers of different materials characterised by the midsole or middle layer
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/14Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
    • A43B13/18Resilient soles
    • A43B13/187Resiliency achieved by the features of the material, e.g. foam, non liquid materials
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/14Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
    • A43B13/22Soles made slip-preventing or wear-resisting, e.g. by impregnation or spreading a wear-resisting layer
    • A43B13/223Profiled soles
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B23/00Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
    • A43B23/02Uppers; Boot legs
    • A43B23/0205Uppers; Boot legs characterised by the material
    • A43B23/0215Plastics or artificial leather
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B23/00Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
    • A43B23/02Uppers; Boot legs
    • A43B23/0245Uppers; Boot legs characterised by the constructive form
    • A43B23/025Uppers; Boot legs characterised by the constructive form assembled by stitching
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B23/00Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
    • A43B23/02Uppers; Boot legs
    • A43B23/0245Uppers; Boot legs characterised by the constructive form
    • A43B23/0255Uppers; Boot legs characterised by the constructive form assembled by gluing or thermo bonding
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B9/00Footwear characterised by the assembling of the individual parts
    • A43B9/02Footwear stitched or nailed through
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B9/00Footwear characterised by the assembling of the individual parts
    • A43B9/12Stuck or cemented footwear
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43CFASTENINGS OR ATTACHMENTS OF FOOTWEAR; LACES IN GENERAL
    • A43C1/00Shoe lacing fastenings
    • A43C1/04Shoe lacing fastenings with rings or loops
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43CFASTENINGS OR ATTACHMENTS OF FOOTWEAR; LACES IN GENERAL
    • A43C9/00Laces; Laces in general for garments made of textiles, leather, or plastics
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/62Stitching
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/72Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by combined operations or combined techniques, e.g. welding and stitching
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/128Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/1282Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one overlap joint-segment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/128Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/1284Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one butt joint-segment
    • B29C66/12841Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one butt joint-segment comprising at least two butt joint-segments
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/133Fin-type joints, the parts to be joined being flexible
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/135Single hemmed joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being hemmed in the joint area
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/14Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections the joint having the same thickness as the thickness of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/22Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being in the form of recurring patterns
    • B29C66/223Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being in the form of recurring patterns being in the form of a triangle wave or of a sawtooth wave, e.g. zigzagged
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/24Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight
    • B29C66/244Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being non-straight, e.g. forming non-closed contours
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/431Joining the articles to themselves
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/45Joining of substantially the whole surface of the articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/47Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/472Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially flat
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/727General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being porous, e.g. foam
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/729Textile or other fibrous material made from plastics
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/729Textile or other fibrous material made from plastics
    • B29C66/7294Non woven mats, e.g. felt
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7311Thermal properties
    • B29C66/73115Melting point
    • B29C66/73116Melting point of different melting point, i.e. the melting point of one of the parts to be joined being different from the melting point of the other part
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7311Thermal properties
    • B29C66/73117Tg, i.e. glass transition temperature
    • B29C66/73118Tg, i.e. glass transition temperature of different glass transition temperature, i.e. the glass transition temperature of one of the parts to be joined being different from the glass transition temperature of the other part
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)

Abstract

一种纱或线可以包含多个大体上对齐的丝,且丝的材料中的至少百分之九十五是热塑性聚合物材料。多种编织纺织品和针织纺织品可以由所述纱或线形成。编织纺织品或针织纺织品可以被热结合到其他元件以形成接缝。至少部分地由热塑性聚合物材料形成的股绳可以延伸穿过接缝,并且股绳可以在接缝处被热结合。编织纺织品或针织纺织品可以被成形或模制、被包含到产品内、并且被重复利用以形成其他产品。

Description

包含热塑性聚合物材料的纱、线及纺织品
背景
多种物品至少部分地由纺织品形成。例如,服装(例如,衬衫、裤子、袜子、鞋类、夹克以及其他外套、内裤以及其他内衣、帽子以及其他头饰)、容器(例如,背包、袋)、以及用于家具的室内装饰品(例如,椅子、睡椅、车辆座椅)通常由多种纺织品元件形成,所述多种纺织品元件通过缝合或粘合剂结合来连接。纺织品还可以被利用于床上用品(例如,床单、毯子)、桌布、毛巾、旗帜、帐篷、帆、以及降落伞。被利用于产业目的的纺织品通常被称为技术纺织品并且可以包括用于汽车应用和航空航天应用的结构、过滤材料、医用纺织品(例如,绷带、棉签、移植物)、用于加固路堤的土工织物、用于农作物保护的农业织物、以及防护或隔绝以免热和辐射的产业服装。因此,纺织品可以被包含在用于个人目的和产业目的两者的多种物品内。
纺织品可以被定义为来自具有通常二维结构(即大体上大于厚度的长度和宽度)的纤维、丝、或纱的任何制品。通常,纺织品可以被分类为非编织纺织品或机械操纵的纺织品。非编织纺织品是结合的、熔合的、联锁的、或以其他方式连接的丝的网状物或垫子。例如,非编织纺织品可以通过把多种聚合物丝任意地放置在表面比如移动的传送带上来形成。机械操纵的纺织品通常通过把纱或多种纱编织或相互打环(例如,针织)来形成,通常通过包括织布机或针织机的机械工艺。编织纺织品包含彼此以直角交叉的纱(即,经纱和纬纱),而针织纺织品包含形成按照横列(course)和纵行(wale)布置的多种相互结合的环的一种或更多种纱。
虽然某些产品由一种类型的纺织品形成,但多种产品由两种或更多种类型的纺织品形成以便赋予不同区域不同的性质。例如,衬衫的肩部区域和肘部区域可以由赋予耐久性(例如,耐磨性)和耐拉伸性的纺织品形成,然而,其他区域可以由赋予透气性、舒适、拉伸、以及吸湿性的纺织品形成。作为另一个例子,鞋类物品的鞋面可以具有包括由多种类型纺织品和其他材料(例如,聚合物泡沫、皮革、合成皮革)形成的多种层的结构,并且层中的某些还可以具有由不同类型纺织品形成的区域以赋予不同的性质。作为又一个例子,背包的背带可以由非拉伸的纺织品元件形成,背包的下部区域可以由耐久性和耐水性纺织品元件形成,并且背包的剩余部分可以由轻量并且顺从的纺织品元件形成。因此,多种产品可以包含多种类型的纺织品以便赋予产品的不同部分不同的性质。
为了赋予产品的不同区域不同的性质,由材料形成的纺织品元件必须被切割成期望的形状并且然后通常用缝合或粘合剂结合被连接到一起。随着被包含到产品内的纺织品元件的数目和类型增加,与运输、贮备、切割、以及连接纺织品元件相关的时间和花费也可能增加。随着被包含到产品内的纺织品元件的数目和类型增加,来自切割过程和缝合过程的废料也较大程度地积聚。此外,具有较大数目的纺织品元件和其他材料的产品可以比由较少元件和材料形成的产品更难以重复利用。通过减小产品中利用的元件和材料的数目,因此废料可以被减少同时增加制造效率和可重复利用性。
概述
纱可以包含多个大体上对齐的丝,且丝的材料中的至少百分之九十五是热塑性聚合物材料。
线可以包含第一纱和第二纱。第一纱包含多个大体上对齐的丝,且丝的材料中的至少百分之九十五是热塑性聚合物材料。第二纱与第一纱一起被加捻。
编织纺织品(woven textile)可以包含经纱股绳(warp strand)和纬纱股绳。经纱股绳以第一方向延伸并且包含多个大体上对齐的丝,且丝的材料中的至少百分之九十五是热塑性聚合物材料。纬纱股绳以大体上垂直于第一方向的第二方向延伸。
针织纺织品可以包含至少一个股绳,所述至少一个股绳形成按照横列和纵行布置的多个联锁环。股绳包含多个大体上对齐的丝,且丝的材料中的至少百分之九十五是热塑性聚合物材料。
物品可以包含第一材料元件、第二材料元件、以及接缝。第一材料元件至少部分地由第一热塑性聚合物材料形成,并且第一材料元件是编织纺织品和针织纺织品中的一种。在接缝处,股绳延伸穿过第一材料元件和第二材料元件中的每个,股绳至少部分地由第二热塑性聚合物材料形成。第一材料元件利用第一热塑性聚合物材料在接缝处被热结合到第二材料元件。此外,股绳利用第二热塑性聚合物材料在接缝处被热结合到第一材料元件和第二材料元件。
连接方法包括用股绳把一对纺织品元件缝合到一起以形成接缝。纺织品元件和股绳在接缝处被加热并且被压缩以(a)在纺织品元件之间形成热结合部并且(b)熔化股绳。
服装物品包含在接缝处彼此连接以形成用于接纳穿用者的一部分的结构的多个纺织品元件。纺织品元件包含具有由热塑性聚合物材料形成的多个大体上对齐的丝的股绳。
表征本发明各方面的新颖性的优点和特征在所附权利要求中被特别指出。然而,为了获得对新颖性的优点和特征的改进的理解,可以参考描述并且例证涉及本发明的多种构造和概念的以下描述性内容和附图。
附图描述
当结合附图阅读时,前述概述和以下详细描述将被更好地理解。
图1是纱的一部分的平面图。
图2是如图1中界定的纱的横截面图。
图3是线的一部分的平面图。
图4是如图3中界定的线的横截面图。
图5和6是描绘线的另外的构造的平面图。
图7是编织纺织品的平面图。
图8是如图7中界定的编织纺织品的横截面图。
图9是针织纺织品的平面图。
图10是如图9中界定的针织纺织品的横截面图。
图11是描绘针织纺织品的另外的构造的平面图。
图12和13是与图2相对应并且描绘纱的熔合构造的实例的横截面图。
图14和15是与图4相对应并且描绘线的熔合构造的实例的横截面图。
图16是具有熔合区域的编织纺织品的平面图。
图17是如图16中界定的编织纺织品的横截面图。
图18是具有熔合区域的编织纺织品的另一个平面图。
图19是如图18中界定的编织纺织品的横截面图。
图20是具有熔合区域的针织纺织品的平面图。
图21是如图20中界定的针织纺织品的横截面图。
图22是具有熔合区域的针织纺织品的另一个平面图。
图23是如图22中界定的针织纺织品的横截面图。
图24是具有多种熔合区域的编织纺织品的平面图。
图25是复合材料元件的透视图。
图26是如图25中界定的复合材料元件的横截面图。
图27A-27C是用于复合材料元件的制造工艺的示意性透视图。
图28是具有熔合区域的复合材料元件的透视图。
图29是接缝元件的第一构造的透视图。
图30是如图29中界定的接缝元件的第一构造的横截面图。
图31A-31D是用于接缝元件的第一构造的制造工艺的示意性侧面立视图。
图32是具有多种熔合区域的接缝元件的第一构造的透视图。
图33是接缝元件的第二构造的透视图。
图34是如图33中界定的接缝元件的第二构造的横截面图。
图35A-35C是用于接缝元件的第二构造的制造工艺的示意性侧面立视图。
图36是具有缝合股绳的接缝元件的第一构造的透视图。
图37A-37C是具有缝合股绳的接缝元件的第一构造的替代透视图。
图38A-38D是用于具有缝合股绳的接缝元件的第一构造的制造工艺的示意性侧面立视图。
图38E是用于具有缝合股绳的接缝元件的第一构造的制造工艺的一部分的透视图。
图39A和39B是描绘在用于具有缝合股绳的接缝元件的第一构造的制造工艺中的温度的曲线图。
图40是具有缝合股绳的接缝元件的第二构造的透视图。
图41是衬衫的第一构造的立视图。
图42A-42C是如图41中界定的衬衫的第一构造的横截面图。
图43是衬衫的第二构造的立视图。
图44A和44B是如图43中界定的衬衫的第二构造的横截面图。
图45是衬衫的第三构造的立视图。
图46A-46C是如图45中界定的衬衫的第三构造的横截面图。
图47是衬衫的第四构造的立视图。
图48是如图47中界定的衬衫的第四构造的横截面图。
图49是鞋类的第一构造的立视图。
图50是如图49中界定的鞋类的第一构造的横截面图。
图51是鞋类的第二构造的立视图。
图52是如图51中界定的鞋类的第二构造的横截面图。
图53是鞋类的第三构造的立视图。
图54是鞋类的第四构造的立视图。
图55A-55C是成形的纺织品的透视图。
图56A-56C是用于成形的纺织品的制造工艺的示意性透视图。
图57是重复利用工艺的示意图。
详细描述
以下讨论和附图公开由热塑性聚合物材料形成的多种纱、线、以及纺织品。虽然纱、线、以及纺织品在下文中被公开为被包含到用于实例目的的多种服装物品(例如,衬衫和鞋类)内,但纱、线、以及纺织品还可以被包含到多种其他物品内。例如,纱、线、以及纺织品可以被利用于其他类型的服装、容器、以及用于家具的室内装饰品。纱、线、以及纺织品还可以被利用于床上用品、桌布、毛巾、旗帜、帐篷、帆、以及降落伞。纱、线、以及纺织品的多种构造还可以被利用于产业目的,如在汽车应用和航空航天应用、过滤材料、医用纺织品、土工织物、农业织物、以及产业服装中。因此,纱、线、以及纺织品可以被利用于用于个人目的和产业目的两者的多种物品中。
A.纱的构造
纱100的一部分在图1中被描绘成具有可以被利用于多种目的的构造,所述多种目的包括缝纫、缝合、以及刺绣。纱100还可以被利用于制造线、缆、索(cord)、或绳。例如,多种纺织品还可以通过编织和针织从纱100来生产。虽然纱100的相对短的长度被示出,但纱100可以具有明显更大的长度。更特别地,纱100的长度可以明显地超过一千米或甚至一万米。取决于纱100形成的方式,纱100可以是精纺纱或空气变形纱(airtextured yarn)。
纱100包含多种丝101,所述多种丝101被捆绑或以其他方式被聚集以形成通常薄并且长形的结构。被包含到纱100内的丝101的数目可以明显地变化并且可以在两百和三百或更多之间的范围中。在纺织品术语中,纤维通常被界定为具有在从一毫米到若干厘米或更多的范围中的相对短的长度,然而,丝通常被界定为具有比纤维更长的长度或甚至具有不确定的长度。如在本文件内利用,术语“丝”或其变体被意图包括来自纺织品术语定义的纤维和丝两者的长度。因此,丝101或本文中提到的其他丝通常可以具有任何长度。例如,因此,丝101可以具有在从一毫米到数百米或更多的范围中的长度。单个丝101还可以具有延伸穿过纱100的整个长度的长度。
丝101在纱100中是大体上对齐的。如本文利用,术语“大体上对齐的”被意图表达丝100通常按照共同的方向延伸,所述共同的方向与纱100的纵轴相对应。当大体上对齐时,丝101中的某些或丝101中的部分可以彼此平行,但当纱100被拉紧、被拉伸、或以其他方式被布置以具有线型结构或直线结构时,其他丝101或丝101的其他部分可以彼此交叉或可以按照偏置了若干度(例如,以零到七度的范围偏置)的方向延伸。
虽然丝101是大体上对齐的,但纱100被描绘成呈现捻度,从而赋予多种丝101旋转形态(aspect)。更特别地,丝101可以在彼此周围被加捻,使得某些丝101或丝101的部分具有重复地环绕纱100的纵轴的螺旋状结构。虽然丝101的部分可以通常是直线的,但其他部分可以具有赋予捻度的螺旋形的(spiral)或螺旋状的(helical)构造。在某些构造中,位于纱100的中心区域的丝100的部分可以通常是直线的,然而位于更靠近纱100的周缘或外部的丝100的部分可以具有螺旋形的或螺旋状的构造。S-捻度或Z-捻度可以被利用于纱100。捻度的优点是丝101被捆绑得比在非捻纱中更紧以有效地减小单个丝101之间的空间大小。因而,如图2中描绘,丝101彼此倚靠并且接触,以最小化纱100的总直径。此外,在纱100中捻度赋予减少磨损(fraying)的优点,所述磨损可能发生在丝101中的某些被切断、被剪切、或以其他方式被断裂的情况下。虽然纱100可以呈现捻度,但是纱100还可以具有直线或非捻的构造。
丝101主要由热塑性聚合物材料形成。通常,热塑性聚合物材料当被加热时软化或熔化并且当被冷却时恢复到固态。更特别地,(a)当被加热到热塑性聚合物材料的玻璃转变温度时热塑性聚合物材料从固态转变成软化态并且(b)当被加热到热塑性聚合物材料的熔化温度时热塑性聚合物材料从固态转变成通常液态。然后,当被充分冷却时,热塑性聚合物材料从软化态或液态转变成固态。因而,热塑性聚合物材料在多种循环中可以被软化或熔化、模制、冷却、再软化或再熔化、再模制、以及再冷却。如在下文中更详细描述,当被加热到至少玻璃转变温度时,热塑性聚合物材料还可以被熔接、熔合、或热结合,以把由热塑性聚合物材料形成的元件连接到另一种物体、物项、或元件。与热塑性聚合物材料相对比,多种热固性聚合物材料当被加热时不熔化,反而仅仅降解或燃烧。
虽然宽范围的热塑性聚合物材料可以被利用于丝101,但适当的热塑性聚合物材料的实例包括热塑性聚氨基甲酸酯、聚酰胺、聚酯、聚丙烯、以及聚烯烃。虽然丝101可以由上文提到的热塑性聚合物材料中的任一种形成,但利用热塑性聚氨基甲酸酯赋予多种优点。例如,热塑性聚氨基甲酸酯的多种制剂是弹性体的并且拉伸超过百分之一百,同时呈现相对高的稳定性或抗张强度。与某些其他热塑性聚合物材料相比,热塑性聚氨基甲酸酯容易与其他元件形成热结合部,如在下文中更详细地讨论。此外,热塑性聚氨基甲酸酯可以形成泡沫材料并且可以被重复利用以形成多种产品。
在纱100的多种构造中,每个丝101完全地或大体上由一种或更多种热塑性聚合物材料形成。即,丝101的材料中的至少百分之九十五、百分之九十九、或百分之一百是热塑性聚合物材料。大体上由热塑性聚合物材料形成丝101的优点是均匀性质、形成热结合部的能力、有效率的制造、弹性体拉伸、以及相对高的稳定性或抗张强度。虽然单种热塑性聚合物材料可以被利用,但单个丝101可以由多种热塑性聚合物材料形成。例如,单个丝101可以具有鞘-芯构造,其中单个丝101的外鞘由第一热塑性聚合物材料形成,并且单个丝101的内芯由第二热塑性聚合物材料形成。作为类似的例子,单个丝101可以具有双组分构造,其中单个丝101的一半由第一热塑性聚合物材料形成,并且单个丝101的相对的一半由第二热塑性聚合物材料形成。虽然每个丝101可以由共同的热塑性聚合物材料形成,但不同的丝101也可以由不同的材料形成。例如,丝101中的某些可以由第一类型的热塑性聚合物材料形成,然而其他丝101可以由第二类型的热塑性聚合物材料形成。
丝101的热塑性聚合物材料可以被选择为具有多种拉伸性质,并且材料可以被认为是弹性体的。取决于对纱100期望的特定性质,在拉伸断裂之前丝101可以在百分之十到多于百分之八百之间拉伸。作为相关的物质,被利用于丝101的热塑性聚合物材料可以被选择为具有多种复原性质。即,纱100或丝101可以被形成为在被拉伸之后,恢复到原始形状。在被拉伸百分之一百或更多之后,包含纱100的多种产品比如纺织品和由纺织品形成的服装物品可以受益于允许纱100恢复到或以其他方式复原到原始形状的性质。虽然多种热塑性聚合物材料呈现拉伸性质和复原性质,但热塑性聚氨基甲酸酯呈现适用于多种纺织品和服装物品的拉伸性质和复原性质。
例如,纱100的重量可以明显地变化,这取决于单个丝101的厚度、丝101的数目、以及被选择用于丝101的特定材料。通常,重量通过单位特克斯来测量,所述单位特克斯是以一千米纱的克数计的重量。纱100可以在从五十旦尼尔到一千旦尼尔或更多的范围中。
多种常规工艺可以被利用以制造纱100。通常,用于纱100的制造工艺包括(a)由热塑性聚合物材料挤压成或以其他方式形成多种丝101以及(b)收集或捆绑丝101。在捆绑时,丝101可以被加捻。取决于期望的特定特性,纱100还可以经受空气变形操作或其他后加工操作。如下文讨论,熔合工艺还可以被进行以在邻近丝101之间形成热结合部。
B.线的构造
在图3和4中线200被描绘成包含彼此加捻的两种纱201。虽然纱201的构造可以明显地变化,但每种纱201可以呈现上文讨论的纱100的一般构造。因此,纱201中的一种或两种包含大体上由热塑性聚合物材料形成的多种大体上对齐的丝202。因而,丝202的材料中的至少百分之九十五、百分之九十九、或百分之一百是热塑性聚合物材料,比如热塑性聚氨基甲酸酯。
考虑到两种纱201被加捻到一起,线200的这样的构造可以被认为是双股线。在其他构造中,任何数目的纱201或其他纱可以被包含到线200内。作为三股线的实例,图5把线200描绘成包含彼此加捻的三种纱201。作为另一实例,图6把线200描绘成包含通过编结(braiding)加捻到一起的三种纱201。因此,纱201的数目和纱201彼此加捻的方式可以明显地变化。
例如,正如纱100一样,线200的重量可以明显地变化,这取决于单个丝202的厚度、每种纱201中丝202的数目、被选择用于丝202的材料、以及纱100的数目。通常,重量通过单位特克斯来测量,所述单位特克斯是以一千米线的克数计的重量。例如,线200内的每种纱201可以在从50旦尼尔到400旦尼尔或更多的范围中。
C.纺织品的构造
多种类型的纺织品可以由一种或更多种股绳形成,所述股绳包含纱100和线200中的任一种。为了以下讨论的目的,术语“股绳”被定义为具有大体上大于宽度和厚度的长度的通常长形的元件。多种类型的股绳的实例包括丝、纱、线、缆、索、以及绳。因而,纱100和线200中的任一种可以是被包含到纺织品内的股绳。
作为纺织品的第一实例,编织纺织品300在图7中被描绘成包含多种经纱股绳301和纬纱股绳302。经纱股绳301以第一方向延伸,而纬纱股绳302以大体上垂直于第一方向的第二方向延伸。此外,股绳301和302彼此交叉并且彼此上下编织,如图8中描绘。在制造编织纺织品300中,股绳301和302通过编织工艺被操纵以在彼此之间以大体上直角交叉并且编织,所述编织工艺可以包括编织机或织布机。除了平纹组织之外,编织纺织品的多种构造可以具有例如斜纹组织、缎纹组织、提花组织、或多臂提花组织。
虽然编织纺织品300被描绘成由股绳301和302形成,但一种或更多种另外的股绳可以被包含到编织纺织品300的结构内。例如,不同的经纱股绳、纬纱股绳、或这些股绳的部分可以由多种类型的具有多样的材料、颜色、或性质的股绳形成。任何的股绳301和302可以具有丝、纱、线、缆、索、或绳的构造。股绳301和302中的任一种或两种还可以呈现上文讨论的纱100或线200的一般构造。因此,股绳301和302可以包含大体上由热塑性聚合物材料形成的多种大体上对齐的丝。因而,形成股绳301和302的丝或其他材料的材料中的至少百分之九十五、百分之九十九、或百分之一百可以是热塑性聚合物材料,比如热塑性聚氨基甲酸酯。当股绳301和302被形成为丝、缆、索、或绳时,此类股绳也可以大体上由热塑性聚合物材料形成。
作为纺织品的第二实例,针织纺织品400在图9和10中被描绘成包含至少一种股绳401,所述至少一种股绳401形成多种互相结合的环。更特别地,股绳401的部分形成多种环,所述多种环延伸穿过其他环并且与其他环互相结合以界定多种横列和纵行。如描绘,横列是由股绳401形成的环的水平行,并且纵行是由股绳401形成的环的垂直列。在制造针织纺织品400中,股绳401通过针织工艺被操纵以形成环并且使环互相结合,从而界定多种横列和纵行,所述针织工艺可以包括针织机。虽然相对简单的针织结构被描绘,但大量经纱针织结构和纬纱针织结构可以通过例如横机针织提花织物、宽管圆形针织提花织物、窄管圆形针织提花织物、单面针织圆形针织提花织物、双面针织圆形针织提花织物、双针床拉歇儿经编针织物(double needle bar raschel)、经纱针织提花织物、以及特里科经编织物来形成。
虽然针织纺织品400被描绘成由股绳401形成,但多种股绳可以被包含到针织纺织品400的结构内。例如,不同的环、不同的横列、单个横列的不同部分、不同的纵行、以及单个纵行的不同部分可以由具有多样的材料、颜色、以及性质的股绳形成。
股绳401可以具有丝、纱、线、缆、索、或绳的构造。被包含到针织纺织品400内的股绳401或其他股绳还可以呈现上文讨论的纱100或线200的一般构造。因此,股绳401可以包括大体上由热塑性聚合物材料形成的多种大体上对齐的丝。因而,形成股绳401的丝或其他材料的材料中的至少百分之九十五、百分之九十九、或百分之一百可以是热塑性聚合物材料,比如热塑性聚氨基甲酸酯。当股绳401被形成为丝、缆、索、或绳时,此类股绳也可以大体上由热塑性聚合物材料形成。
作为变型,针织纺织品400还可以包含镶嵌的股绳402,如图11中描绘。镶嵌的股绳402延伸穿过针织结构,从而在针织纺织品400之内的多种环之间通过。虽然镶嵌的股绳402被描绘成沿着横列延伸,但镶嵌的股绳402还可以沿着径向延伸。除了其他类型的股绳之外,镶嵌的股绳402可以类似于纱100或线200,或镶嵌的股绳402可以具有另外的构造,所述另外的构造具有大体上由热塑性聚合物材料形成的多种大体上对齐的丝。镶嵌的股绳402的优点包括提供支撑、稳定性、以及结构。例如,镶嵌的股绳402可以有助于限制在针织纺织品400的区域中和在特定方向中的拉伸或变形。参考于2011年3月15日在美国专利与商标局提交并且题为Method Of Manufacturing A Knitted Component的美国专利申请序列号13/048,540(此申请通过引用被完全并入本文),可以发现涉及镶嵌的股绳的另外的细节和把镶嵌的股绳包含到针织纺织品的结构内的方法。
编织纺织品300和针织纺织品400提供纺织品结构的实例,这些实例可以包含由热塑性聚合物材料形成的纱100、线200、或其他股绳。多种其他类型的纺织品还可以包含类似的股绳。例如,通过钩编或交织以及加捻形成的纺织品可以具有带有大体上由热塑性聚合物材料形成的多种大体上对齐的丝的股绳。类似地,网眼纺织品、间隔物网眼纺织品、平针织物纺织品、绒头织物纺织品、以及毛圈织物环纺织品可以具有带有大体上由热塑性聚合物材料形成的多种大体上对齐的丝的股绳。
D.纱、线、以及纺织品的热结合
热结合是热塑性聚合物材料的优点,所述热结合通常不存在于例如由天然材料(例如,棉、蚕丝)和热固性聚合物材料形成的纱、线、以及纺织品中。如上文讨论,热塑性聚合物材料当被加热时软化或熔化并且当被冷却时恢复到固态。除了允许模制或成形之外,由热塑性聚合物材料形成的元件还可以被熔接、熔合、或热结合到另一种物体、物项、或元件。即,热塑性聚合物材料可以被用来通过热结合把两种元件连接到一起。如本文利用,术语“热结合”或其变体被定义为两种元件之间的固定技术,所述固定技术包括使在元件中的至少一种之内的热塑性聚合物材料软化或熔化使得当冷却时元件被彼此固定。类似地,术语“热结合部”或其变体被定义为通过工艺连接两种元件的结合部、连接部、或结构,所述工艺包括使在元件中的至少一种之内的热塑性聚合物材料软化或熔化使得当冷却时元件被彼此固定。
热结合的实例包括:(a)使包含热塑性聚合物材料的两种元件熔化或软化使得热塑性聚合物材料彼此混合(例如,扩散越过热塑性聚合物材料之间的边界层)并且当冷却时被固定到一起;(b)使包含热塑性聚合物材料的元件熔化或软化使得热塑性聚合物材料延伸到股绳的结构内或浸润股绳的结构(例如,在股绳中的丝周围延伸或与股绳中的丝结合)以当冷却时把元件固定到一起;(c)使包含热塑性聚合物材料的元件熔化或软化使得热塑性聚合物材料延伸到纺织品元件的结构内或浸润纺织品元件的结构(例如,在纺织品元件中的丝或纤维周围延伸或与纺织品元件中的丝或纤维结合)以当冷却时把元件固定到一起;以及(d)使包含热塑性聚合物材料的元件熔化或软化使得热塑性聚合物材料延伸到在另一种元件(例如,聚合物泡沫或片、板、结构装置)中形成的裂缝或空腔内或浸润另一种元件(例如,聚合物泡沫或片、板、结构装置)中形成的裂缝或空腔以当冷却时把元件固定到一起。当只有一种元件包含热塑性聚合物材料时或当两种元件皆包含热塑性聚合物材料时热结合可以发生。因此,通常,热结合包括用热使元件彼此直接结合。然而,在某些情况下,缝合或粘合剂可以被利用以增补元件通过热结合的热结合部或连接。
影响熔合度的因素之一是温度。如上所述,(a)当被加热到热塑性聚合物材料的玻璃转变温度时热塑性聚合物材料从固态转变成软化态并且(b)当被加热到热塑性聚合物材料的熔化温度时热塑性聚合物材料从固态转变成通常液态。当热塑性聚合物材料被加热到玻璃转变温度时热结合可以发生。如下文讨论,更大的热结合度可以在接近或超过熔化温度的高温下发生。
考虑到纱100、线200、编织纺织品300、以及针织纺织品400包含热塑性聚合物材料,这些元件可以经受热结合工艺。例如,图12描绘具有熔合多种丝101的热结合部的纱100的构造。当经受足够的热以及可能地压力时,纱100中的多种丝101的热塑性聚合物材料从固态转变成软化态或液态。此外,丝101可以通过热结合彼此熔合以有效地结合两种或更多种丝101。虽然某些丝101与其他丝101保持分开或未熔合,但其他丝101在两种、三种、四种、或更多种的组中彼此热结合。即,某些热结合部仅仅使两种丝101彼此熔合,然而其他热结合部使三种或更多种丝101彼此熔合。图13描绘另一种构造,其中大约一半的丝101与其他丝101保持分开或未熔合,然而另一半的丝101全部彼此热结合以形成在纱100之内的热塑性聚合物材料的单个块。
基于图2、12以及13之间的对比,丝101可以呈现一系列的热结合,所述热结合从(a)其中多种丝101在纱100之内保持分开并且可辨认的状态延伸到(b)其中多种丝101结合以形成在纱100之内的热塑性聚合物材料的较大的块的状态。即,(a)丝101彼此保持完全分开,(b)相对少数的丝101可以彼此热结合,但保持通常细丝状的构造,或(c)大量的丝101可以彼此热结合以形成通常非细丝状的构造。虽然未描绘,但在纱100中的全部丝101可以彼此热结合以使来自每个丝101的热塑性聚合物材料有效地结合成单个股绳(例如,类似于单丝)。因此,在纱100中的热结合度可以相当大地变化。
在图14中描绘热结合的另一种实例,其中线200呈现热结合。更特别地,在线200的纱201之内的多种丝202在比得上图12的程度上被熔合。显著地,来自一种纱201的某些丝202与来自另一种纱201的某些丝202熔合或热结合。即,在线200之内的纱201彼此被热结合,从而有效地连接两种纱201。正如上文讨论的纱100的热结合一样,线200可以呈现一系列的热结合,所述热结合从(a)其中多种丝202保持分开并且可辨认的状态延伸到(b)其中多种丝202结合以形成热塑性聚合物材料的较大的块的状态。参考图15,例如,在线200中纱201的每种丝202可以彼此热结合以使来自每种纱201的热塑性聚合物材料有效地结合成连接的股绳(即,连接的单丝)。因此,在线200中的热结合度可以相当大地变化。
在图16和17中描绘热结合的另一种实例,其中编织纺织品300包含熔合区域303。与其中股绳301和302彼此未结合或未熔合的编织纺织品300的其他区域相比,在熔合区域303中股绳301和302彼此被熔合或以其他方式被热结合。即,在熔合区域303中在股绳301和302中的一种或两种之内的热塑性聚合物材料有效地形成热结合部以使股绳301和302彼此连接。考虑到股绳301和302可以具有丝、纱、线、缆、索、或绳的一般构造以及纱100或线200的构造,其中股绳301和302彼此熔合的方式可以相当大地变化。例如,当股绳301和302呈现纱100的构造时,其中股绳301和302彼此交叉或接触的区域可以以类似于图14和15的方式热结合。此外,在股绳301和302之内的丝可以呈现一系列的热结合,所述热结合从(a)其中多种丝保持分开并且可辨认的状态延伸到(b)其中多种丝结合以形成热塑性聚合物材料的较大的块的状态。当股绳301和302呈现线200或另一种类型的股绳的构造时,类似的概念适用。
当股绳301和302中的每种具有不同的构造或由不同的材料形成时,在熔合区域303中编织纺织品300也可以呈现热结合。例如当经纱股绳301是由热塑性聚合物材料形成的丝并且纬纱股绳302是由热固性聚合物材料形成的线时,在经纱股绳301中的热塑性聚合物材料可以通过在线中的丝周围延伸来浸润形成纬纱股绳302的线的结构以当冷却时把股绳301和302固定到一起。作为另一种实例,当经纱股绳301是由热塑性聚合物材料形成的索并且纬纱股绳302是由热固性聚合物材料形成的丝时,在经纱股绳301中的热塑性聚合物材料可以浸润形成纬纱股绳302的丝中的裂缝或空腔以当冷却时把股绳301和302固定到一起。
当形成热结合部时,股绳301和302熔化的程度或从细丝状态转变成非细丝状态的程度还可以变化。再次参考图16和17,在熔合区域303的结构之内股绳301和302保持可辨认的。类似于图12和14,单个丝还可以保持可辨认的。然而,在图18和19中,来自股绳301和302的热塑性聚合物材料已经被熔化成非细丝状态,所述非细丝状态在熔合区域304中有效地形成固体聚合物片,且股绳301和302或股绳301和302中的单个丝都是不可辨认的。因而,在编织纺织品300中的热结合可以在从(a)如在熔合区域303中的其中多种元件保持分开并且可辨认的状态到(b)如在熔合区域304中的其中多种元件结合以形成热塑性聚合物材料的较大的块的状态的范围中。
涉及编织纺织品300的构造的多种因素和熔合区域303和304通过其被形成的工艺确定股绳301和302被热结合的程度。例如,确定熔合度的因素包括(a)形成股绳301和302的特定的热塑性聚合物材料、(b)熔合区域303和304暴露于的温度(例如,玻璃转变温度和熔化温度)、(c)熔合区域303和304暴露于的压力、以及(d)熔合区域303和304暴露于高温和/或高压的时间。通过改变这些因素,在熔合区域303和304之内产生的熔合度或热结合度还可以变化。类似的因素还适用于在纱100和线200之内的热结合。
在图20和21中描绘热结合的另一种实例,其中针织纺织品400包含熔合区域403。与针织纺织品400的其中股绳401与本身未结合或未熔合的其他区域相比,在熔合区域403中股绳401与本身熔合或以其他方式热结合。即,在熔合区域403中在股绳401的一部分之内的热塑性聚合物材料与股绳401的另一部分有效地形成热结合部。考虑到股绳401可以具有丝、纱、线、缆、索、或绳的一般构造以及纱100或线200的构造,其中股绳401的各部分彼此熔合的方式可以相当大地变化。例如,当股绳401呈现纱100的构造时,股绳401的彼此交叉或接触的各部分可以以类似于图14和15的方式热结合。此外,在股绳401之内的丝可以呈现一系列的热结合,所述热结合从(a)其中多种丝保持分开并且可辨认的状态延伸到(b)其中多种丝结合以形成热塑性聚合物材料的较大的块的状态。当股绳401呈现线200或另一种类型的股绳的构造时,类似的概念适用。
当股绳401和一种或更多种另外的股绳(例如,镶嵌的股绳402)被包含到针织纺织品400内时,针织纺织品400还可以在熔合区域403中呈现热结合。在这样的构造中,热结合可以类似于上文对编织纺织品300的熔合区域303中的不同类型的股绳301和302提供的多种实例。实际上,热结合可以连接具有不同构造或由不同材料形成的在熔合区域403之内的股绳。
当形成热结合部时,股绳401熔化的程度或从细丝状态转变成非细丝状态的程度还可以变化。再次参考图20和21,在熔合区域403的结构之内股绳401的各部分保持可辨认的。类似于图14,单个丝还可以保持可辨认的。然而,在图22和23中,来自股绳401的热塑性聚合物材料已经被熔化成非细丝状态,所述非细丝状态在熔合区域404中有效地形成固体聚合物片,且股绳401或股绳401中的单个丝都是不可辨认的。因而,在针织纺织品400中热结合可以在从(a)如在熔合区域403中的其中多种元件保持分开并且可辨认的状态到(b)如在熔合区域404中的其中多种元件结合以形成热塑性聚合物材料的较大的块的状态的范围中。
正如编织纺织品300一样,在针织纺织品400中确定熔合度的因素包括(a)形成股绳401的特定的热塑性聚合物材料、(b)熔合区域403和404暴露于的温度(例如,玻璃转变温度和熔化温度)、(c)熔合区域403和404暴露于的压力、以及(d)熔合区域403和404暴露于高温和/或高压的时间。通过改变这些因素,在熔合区域403和404之内产生的熔合度或热结合度还可以变化。
基于以上讨论,纱100、线200、其他股绳、纺织品300和400、以及其他纺织品由于热塑性聚合物材料的存在而可以呈现熔合或可以形成热结合部。如在多种实例中示出,在纱100之内的丝101可以在不同程度上彼此形成热结合部,并且在线200之内的丝202或纱201可以在不同程度上彼此形成热结合部。此外,编织纺织品300可以具有熔合区域303或304和剩余的未熔合区域,且经纱股绳301和纬纱股绳302在熔合区域303和304中彼此热结合并且在未熔合区域中彼此未结合。类似地,针织纺织品400可以包含熔合区域403或404和剩余的未熔合区域,且股绳401的一部分与股绳401的不同部分在熔合区域403和404中热结合。虽然熔合区域303、304、403、以及404被示出是纺织品300和400的相对小的部分,但较大的部分或大体上全部的纺织品300和400可以呈现热结合。
E.熔合区域的性质
在编织纺织品300中熔合区域303和304的性质可以不同于未熔合区域的性质。在其中编织纺织品300具有多种熔合区域的构造中,熔合区域中的一种的性质可以不同于熔合区域中的另一种的性质。例如,图24描绘具有两种熔合区域303和304的编织纺织品300的构造。相比之下,熔合区域303的性质可以不同于熔合区域304的性质以赋予编织纺织品300的不同区域不同的性质。
在制造编织纺织品300和形成熔合区域303和304中,在熔合区域303和304的区域中特定的性质可以被应用于编织纺织品300。更特别地,熔合区域303和304的形状、熔合区域303和304的位置、熔合区域303和304的大小、在熔合区域303和304之内股绳301和302被熔合的程度、和编织纺织品300的其他方面可以变化以赋予编织纺织品300的特定区域特定的性质。例如,在图24中熔合区域303和304具有不同的形状(例如,正方形和圆形)。因此,编织纺织品300可以被策划、被设计、或以其他方式被结构化以在不同区域中具有特定的性质。
通过添加或配置熔合区域303和304可以改变的性质的实例包括渗透性、耐久性、以及耐拉伸性。通过在编织纺织品400的特定区域中形成熔合区域303和304中的一种,该区域的渗透性通常减小,然而耐久性和耐拉伸性两者通常增加。如在下文中更详细讨论,股绳301和302彼此熔合的程度对渗透性、耐久性、以及耐拉伸性的改变具有显著的影响。可以影响渗透性、耐久性、以及耐拉伸性的其他因素包括熔合区域303和304的形状、位置、以及大小、以及形成股绳301和302的特定的热塑性聚合物材料。
渗透性通常涉及空气、水、以及其他流体(无论是气体的还是液体的)穿过或以其他方式渗透编织纺织品300的能力。取决于股绳301和302彼此熔合的程度,渗透性可以明显地变化。通常,在编织纺织品300的其中股绳301和302熔合得最少的区域中渗透性是最高的,并且在编织纺织品300的其中股绳301和302熔合得最多的区域中渗透性是最低的。因而,渗透性可以随范围(spectrum)而变化,这取决于股绳301和302彼此熔合的程度。编织纺织品300的与熔合区域303和304分开的区域(即,编织纺织品300的未熔合区域)通常呈现相对高的渗透性。因为股绳301和302之间的开口,熔合区域303还可以呈现相对高的渗透性,但渗透性通常低于与熔合区域303和304分开的区域。因为有效地形成固体聚合物片的非细丝状态,熔合区域304呈现相对低的渗透性。
耐久性通常涉及编织纺织品300保持完整无缺、粘合、或在其他方面未损坏的能力,并且可以包括耐磨性、耐磨损性、以及抵抗来自化学品和光的降解。取决于股绳301和302彼此熔合的程度,耐久性可以明显地变化。虽然编织纺织品300的任何部分的耐久性可以被认为是高的,但在编织纺织品300的其中股绳301和302熔合得最少的区域中耐久性是最低的,并且在编织纺织品300的其中股绳301和302熔合得最多的区域中耐久性是最高的。因而,耐久性可以随范围而变化,这取决于股绳301和302彼此熔合的程度。此外,熔合区域303可以具有比熔合区域304更少的耐久性。可以影响编织纺织品300的熔合区域303和304和其他区域的一般耐久性的其他因素包括编织纺织品300的初始厚度和初始密度以及形成股绳301和302的热塑性聚合物材料的类型。
耐拉伸性通常涉及编织纺织品300当经受张力时抵抗拉伸的能力。正如渗透性和耐久性一样,编织纺织品300的耐拉伸性可以明显地变化,这取决于股绳301和302彼此熔合的程度。虽然编织纺织品300的任何部分的耐拉伸性可以被认为是高的,但在编织纺织品300的其中股绳301和302熔合得最少的区域中耐拉伸性是最低的,并且在编织纺织品300的其中股绳301和302熔合得最多的区域中耐拉伸性是最高的。被利用于编织纺织品300的热塑性聚合物材料或其他材料可以被认为是弹性体的或可以在拉伸断裂之前拉伸至少百分之一百。虽然在其中股绳301和302熔合得最多的区域中编织纺织品300的耐拉伸性可以是更大的,但熔合区域304可以仍然是弹性体的或可以在拉伸断裂之前拉伸至少百分之一百。可以影响编织纺织品300的熔合区域303和304和其他区域的一般拉伸性的其他因素包括编织纺织品300的初始厚度和初始密度以及形成股绳301和302的热塑性聚合物材料的类型。
如在下文中更详细讨论,编织纺织品300可以被包含到包括多种服装物品(例如,衬衫、鞋类)的多种产品内。以衬衫作为例子,编织纺织品300可以形成衬衫的大部分,包括躯干区域和两个臂部区域。考虑到来自汗水的水分可以在衬衫内积聚,衬衫的大部分可以由不包含熔合区域303和304的编织纺织品300的各部分形成以便提供相对高的渗透性。考虑到当被穿用衬衫时衬衫的肘部区域可能经受相对高的磨损,熔合区域303和304中的某些可以位于肘部区域以赋予较大的耐久性。此外,考虑到当衬衫被个人穿上以及被个人脱下时颈部开口可能被拉伸,熔合区域303和304中的一种可以位于颈部开口周围以赋予较大的耐拉伸性。因此,在整个衬衫中可以使用一种材料(即,编织纺织品300),但通过在不同程度上熔合不同的区域,在衬衫的不同区域中性质可以被有利地变化。
以上讨论主要集中于渗透性、耐久性、以及耐拉伸性的性质。通过添加或配置熔合区域303和304,多种其他性质还可以被改变。例如,编织纺织品300的总密度可以随熔合度增加而增加。编织纺织品300的透明度还可以随熔合度增加而增加。取决于多种因素,编织纺织品300的颜色的饱和度还可以随熔合度增加而增加。熔合区域303和304在视觉上还可以与其他区域形成对照。编织纺织品300的总厚度可以随熔合度增加而减小。在被拉伸后编织纺织品300复原的程度、编织纺织品300的总柔性、以及对多种破坏模式的抵抗性还可以取决于熔合度而变化。因此,通过形成类似于熔合区域303和304的熔合区域,多种性质可以变化。
虽然以上讨论集中于编织纺织品300,但类似的概念适用于针织纺织品400。因而,在针织纺织品400中熔合区域403和404的性质可以不同于未熔合区域的性质。在其中针织纺织品400具有多种熔合区域403和404的构造中,熔合区域403的性质可以不同于熔合区域404中的一种的性质。此外,熔合区域403中的一种的性质可以不同于熔合区域403中的另一种的性质。除了改变熔合度之外,多种熔合区域403和404的形状和针织纺织品400的其他方面可以改变以赋予特定区域特定的性质。因此,针织纺织品400可以被策划、被设计、或以其他方式被结构化以在不同区域中具有特定的性质,包括渗透性、耐久性、以及耐拉伸性的性质。
F.复合材料元件
在图25和26中复合材料元件500被描绘成包含彼此邻近放置并且彼此热结合的第一组件501和第二组件502。虽然组件501和502被描绘成具有类似的尺寸,但第一组件501可以具有比第二组件502更少或更大的长度、更少或更大的宽度、或更少或更大的厚度。即,组件501和502的相对尺寸可以相当大地变化,这取决于其中意图包含复合材料元件500的产品。
为了利于热结合,组件501和502中的至少一种包含热塑性聚合物材料。组件501和502中的任一种或两种可以是编织纺织品300、针织纺织品400、包含纱100或线200的其他纺织品、或包含热塑性聚合物材料的其他纺织品。此外,组件501和502中的一种可以是另一种纺织品(例如,针织的、编织的、非编织的)、聚合物泡沫元件、聚合物片、或板。例如,(a)组件501和502中的每种可以是编织纺织品300,(b)组件501和502中的每种可以是针织纺织品400,(c)第一组件501可以是编织纺织品300并且第二组件502可以是针织纺织品400,(d)第一组件501可以是编织纺织品300并且第二组件502可以是由棉、蚕丝、热固性聚合物丝、或不包括热塑性聚合物材料的其他材料形成的另一种纺织品,(e)第一组件501可以是针织纺织品400并且第二组件502可以是由热塑性聚合物材料或热固性聚合物材料形成的聚合物泡沫元件,(f)第一组件501可以是编织纺织品300并且第二组件502可以是由热塑性聚合物材料或热固性聚合物材料形成的聚合物片,或(g)第一组件501可以是针织纺织品400并且第二组件502可以是由金属、木材、或刚性聚合物形成的板,所述刚性聚合物由热塑性聚合物材料或热固性聚合物材料形成。
作为另一种实例,第一组件501可以是编织纺织品300。如果第二组件502是吸收水或芯吸(wick)水的另一种纺织品,那么编织纺织品300和第二组件502的组合可以适合用于在穿用服装的个人可能流汗的体育活动期间被利用的服装物品。如果第二组件502是可压缩材料,比如聚合物泡沫元件,那么编织纺织品300和第二组件502的组合可以适合用于其中缓冲(即,冲击力的衰减)是有利的服装物品,比如用于可以涉及与其他运动员、设备、或地面接触或冲击的体育活动的衬垫。如果第二组件502是聚合物片或板,那么编织纺织品300和第二组件502的组合可以适合用于赋予保护以免急剧冲击的服装物品。在第一组件501是针织纺织品400的情况下,可以形成类似的组合。因此,通过热结合可以被连接到纺织品300和400中的任一种的多种材料或其他组件形成具有另外的性质的复合材料元件。
现在,将参考图27A-27C,讨论用于形成复合材料元件500的一般制造工艺。首先,组件501和502位于具有一对压板11的热压机之间,如图27A中描绘。然后,压板11朝向彼此平移或以其他方式移动以便压缩组件501和502或促使组件501和502之间的接触,如图27B中描绘。当被压缩时,热被施加以形成连接组件501和502的热结合部。即,组件501和502的温度被提升到组件501和502中的一种或两种中的热塑性聚合物材料的至少玻璃转变温度,从而引起热塑性聚合物材料在组件501和502之间的界面处软化或熔化。取决于两种组件501和502的材料以及组件501和502的总体构造,压板11中的仅仅一种或压板11中的两种可以被加热以通过传导提升组件501和502的温度。在分开压板11之后,热结合的复合材料元件500可以被移除并且被允许冷却,如图27C中描绘。
虽然上文讨论的一般工艺可以被利用以形成复合材料元件500,但其他方法还可以被利用。除了通过传导加热组件501和502之外,可以利用包括射频加热、超声波加热、辐射加热、激光加热、或化学加热的其他方法。在某些工艺中,在被压缩到压板11之间之前,辐射加热可以被利用以升高组件501和502中的至少一种的温度。利用辐射加热以提升形成热结合部的仅仅表面的温度的优点是在组件501和502的其他部分之内的热塑性聚合物材料可以不被明显地加热。在某些工艺中,缝合或粘合剂还可以被利用于组件501和502之间以增补热结合部。
使用上文讨论的工艺,在组件501和502中的任一种中的热塑性聚合物材料可以被利用以把组件501和502彼此固定。热塑性聚合物材料当被加热时熔化并且当被充分冷却时恢复到固态。基于热塑性聚合物材料的该性质,热结合工艺可以被利用以形成把组件501和502彼此连接的热结合部。热结合部的构造至少部分地取决于组件501和502的材料和结构。作为第一实例,组件501和502中的每种可以是编织纺织品300。在加热时,来自编织纺织品300的每种元件的热塑性聚合物材料可以彼此混合以当被冷却时把组件501和502彼此固定。当组件501和502中的每种是针织纺织品400时或当第一组件501是编织纺织品300并且第二组件502是针织纺织品400时,类似的工艺可以被利用。作为第二实例,第一组件501可以是编织纺织品300并且第二组件502可以是由棉、蚕丝、或热固性聚合物丝形成的另一种纺织品。在加热时,编织纺织品300的热塑性聚合物材料可以在另一种纺织品中的丝的周围延伸或与另一种纺织品中的丝结合以当被冷却时把组件501和502彼此固定。作为第三实例,第一组件501可以是针织纺织品400并且第二组件502可以是由热塑性聚合物材料形成的聚合物泡沫元件(或聚合物片或板)。在加热时,针织纺织品400的热塑性聚合物材料和聚合物泡沫可以彼此混合以当被冷却时把组件501和502彼此固定。然而,如果聚合物泡沫具有高于针织纺织品400的热塑性聚合物材料的玻璃转变温度,那么针织纺织品400的热塑性聚合物材料可以延伸到聚合物泡沫的结构、裂缝、或空腔内以当被冷却时把组件501和502彼此固定。作为第四实例,第一组件501可以是针织纺织品400并且第二组件502可以是由热固性聚合物材料形成的聚合物泡沫元件(或聚合物片或板)。在加热时,针织纺织品400的热塑性聚合物材料可以延伸到聚合物泡沫的结构、裂缝、或空腔内以当被冷却时把组件501和502彼此固定。因此,甚至当组件501和502具有多种结构或由多种范围的材料形成时,热结合部可以被利用以连接组件501和502。
为了赋予复合材料元件500不同的性质,组件501和502中的任一种可以包含类似于熔合区域303、304、403、以及404的多种熔合区域。参考图28,例如,复合材料元件500被描绘成包含编织纺织品300作为第一组件501,并且熔合区域304在编织纺织品300中形成。在某些工艺中,熔合区域304(或熔合区域303)可以在连接编织纺织品300与第二组件502之前形成。然而,在其他工艺中,熔合区域304(或熔合区域303)可以在热结合工艺期间或在热结合工艺之后形成。因此,熔合区域303和304可以在用于复合材料元件的制造工艺的任何阶段形成。虽然复合材料元件500在此实例中包含编织纺织品300,但针织纺织品400还可以以类似的方式被利用。即,包含针织纺织品400的复合材料元件还可以包含多种熔合区域403和404以赋予不同的性质。
G.热结合的接缝构造
当被包含到产品比如服装内时,纺织品元件通常在多种接缝处连接。虽然缝合和粘合剂结合可以被利用以在纺织品元件之间形成接缝,但当纺织品元件中的至少一种包含热塑性聚合物材料时,接缝还可以通过热结合工艺来形成。即,热结合部可以被利用以在产品中形成接缝,所述产品包含编织纺织品300、针织纺织品400、或包含热塑性聚合物材料的其他纺织品。
接缝元件600在图29和30中被描绘成包含具有边缘区域的第一组件601和第二组件602,所述边缘区域在接缝603处被热结合。虽然组件601和602被描绘成具有类似的尺寸,但第一组件601可以具有比第二组件602更少或更大的长度、更少或更大的宽度、或更少或更大的厚度。即,组件601和602的相对尺寸可以相当大地变化,这取决于接缝603被意图包含于其中的产品。
为了利于在接缝603处的热结合,组件601和602中的至少一种包含热塑性聚合物材料。组件601和602中的任一种或两种可以是编织纺织品300、针织纺织品400、包含纱100或线200的其他纺织品、或包含热塑性聚合物材料的其他纺织品。此外,组件601和602中的一种可以是例如另一种纺织品(例如,针织的、编织的、非编织的)、聚合物泡沫元件、或聚合物片。例如,(a)组件601和602中的每种可以是编织纺织品300,(b)组件601和602中的每种可以是针织纺织品400,(c)第一组件601可以是编织纺织品300并且第二组件602可以是针织纺织品400,(d)第一组件601可以是编织纺织品300并且第二组件602可以是由棉、蚕丝、热固性聚合物丝、或不包括热塑性聚合物材料的其他材料形成的另一种纺织品,(e)第一组件601可以是针织纺织品400并且第二组件602可以是由热塑性聚合物材料或热固性聚合物材料形成的聚合物泡沫元件,或(f)第一组件601可以是编织纺织品300并且第二组件602可以是由热塑性聚合物材料或热固性聚合物材料形成的聚合物片。
现在将参考图31A-31D,讨论用于形成接缝603的一般制造工艺。首先,组件601和602位于一对接缝形成模具12之间,如图31A中描绘。然后,接缝形成模具12朝向彼此平移或以其他方式移动以便压缩组件601和602的边缘区域或促使组件601和602的边缘区域之间的接触,如图31B中描绘。为了形成热结合部并且连接组件601和602的边缘区域,接缝形成模具12施加热到边缘区域。即,接缝形成模具12提升组件601和602的边缘区域的温度以引起在边缘区域之间的界面处的热塑性聚合物材料的软化或熔化。虽然边缘区域的温度通常被升高到形成组件601和602中的一种或两种的热塑性聚合物材料的至少玻璃转变温度,但温度还可以超过熔化温度。如图31C中描绘,在分开接缝形成模具12时,接缝603被形成于组件601和602的边缘区域之间。在被允许冷却之后,组件601和602可以被展开,如图31D中描绘。接缝603还可以被修剪以限制末端区域在接缝603处向外突出的程度。除了通过传导加热组件601和602的边缘区域之外,可以利用包括射频加热、超声波加热、辐射加热、激光加热、或化学加热的其他方法。
正如熔合区域303、304、403以及404的形成一样,接缝603的形成包括使在组件601和602中的一种或两种中的热塑性聚合物材料软化或熔化。取决于例如被施加到组件601和602的边缘区域的温度和压力、以及边缘区域被加热并且被压缩的时间,组件601和602中的热塑性聚合物材料软化或熔化的程度可以明显地变化。因而,在接缝603处热结合部可以在从(a)如熔合区域303和403中的其中组件601和602中的丝或股绳保持分开并且可辨认的状态到(b)如熔合区域304和404中的其中组件601和602中的丝或股绳形成热塑性聚合物材料的较大的块的状态的范围中。
使用上文讨论的工艺,在组件601和602中的任一种中的热塑性聚合物材料可以被利用以把组件601和602在接缝603处彼此固定。在接缝603处热结合部的构造至少部分地取决于组件601和602的材料和结构。作为第一实例,组件601和602中的每种可以是编织纺织品300。在加热时,来自编织纺织品300的每种元件的热塑性聚合物材料可以彼此混合以当被冷却时把组件601和602彼此固定。当组件601和602中的每种是针织纺织品400时或当第一组件601是编织纺织品300并且第二组件602是针织纺织品400时,类似的工艺可以被利用。作为第二实例,第一组件601可以是编织纺织品300并且第二组件602可以是由棉、蚕丝、或热固性聚合物丝形成的另一种纺织品。在加热时,编织纺织品300的热塑性聚合物材料可以在另一种纺织品中的丝的周围延伸或与另一种纺织品中的丝结合以当被冷却时把组件601和602彼此固定。作为第三实例,第一组件601可以是针织纺织品400并且第二组件602可以是由热塑性聚合物材料形成的聚合物泡沫元件(或聚合物片)。在加热时,针织纺织品400的热塑性聚合物材料和聚合物泡沫可以彼此混合以当被冷却时把组件601和602彼此固定。然而,如果聚合物泡沫具有高于针织纺织品400的热塑性聚合物材料的玻璃转变温度,那么针织纺织品400的热塑性聚合物材料可以延伸到聚合物泡沫的结构、裂缝、或空腔内以当被冷却时把组件601和602彼此固定。作为第四实例,第一组件601可以是针织纺织品400并且第二组件602可以是由热固性聚合物材料形成的聚合物泡沫元件(或聚合物片)。在加热时,针织纺织品400的热塑性聚合物材料可以延伸到聚合物泡沫的结构、裂缝、或空腔内以当被冷却时把组件601和602彼此固定。因此,甚至当组件601和602具有多种结构或由多种范围的材料形成时,形成接缝603的热结合部可以被利用以连接组件601和602。
为了赋予接缝元件600不同的性质,组件601和602中的任一种可以包含多种熔合区域。此外,熔合区域可以延伸越过接缝603。作为这样的实例,图32把接缝元件600描绘成包含用于第一组件601的编织纺织品300和作为第二组件602的针织纺织品400。编织纺织品300在与接缝603隔开的区域中包含熔合区域303,并且针织纺织品400在与接缝603隔开的区域中包含熔合区域403。接缝元件600还包含延伸越过接缝603的较大的熔合区域并且包含两种熔合区域304和404的元件。在某些工艺中,熔合区域303、304、403、以及404中的一种或更多种可以在把组件601和602连接于接缝603之前形成。然而,在其他工艺中,熔合区域303、304、403、以及404中的一种或更多种可以在形成接缝603的热结合工艺期间或在形成接缝603的热结合工艺之后形成。因此,熔合区域303、304、403、以及404可以在用于形成接缝603的工艺的任何阶段形成。
在上文讨论的热结合工艺期间,组件601和602的边缘区域被加热并且被压缩。除了形成接缝603之外,加热和压缩还可以引起组件601和602的边缘区域在厚度上压缩或减小。更特别地,如在接缝603处形成热结合部的工艺可以有效地引起热结合部区域的变薄。这种效果可以在图30以及下文讨论的多个其他图中看出。虽然没有始终描绘,但类似的效果可以发生于熔合区域303、304、403、以及404中的任一种或发生于其中热结合或熔合发生的任何其他位置。
尽管组件601和602在接缝603处弯曲并且向外突出,但是其他接缝构造可以具有更平面或更平坦的构造。例如,参考图33和34,接缝组件600包含被连接以形成接缝604的组件601和602。在这样的构造中,第一组件601的边缘区域在接缝604处与第二组件602的边缘重叠并且连接。虽然热结合部被利用以在接缝604处把组件601和602连接,但缝合或粘合剂结合还可以被利用以加固接缝604。
现在将参考图35A-35C,讨论用于形成接缝604的一般制造工艺。首先,组件601和602以重叠的构造定位于接缝形成模具12之间,如图35A中描绘。然后,接缝形成模具12朝向彼此平移或以其他方式移动以便压缩组件601和602的边缘区域或促使组件601和602的边缘区域之间的接触,如图35B中描绘。为了形成热结合部并且连接组件601和602的边缘区域,接缝形成模具12施加热到边缘区域。即,接缝形成模具12提升组件601和602的边缘区域的温度以引起在边缘区域之间的界面处的热塑性聚合物材料的软化或熔化,从而促使热结合并且形成接缝604。虽然边缘区域的温度通常被升高到形成组件601和602中的一种或两种的热塑性聚合物材料的至少玻璃转变温度,但温度还可以超过熔化温度。如图35C中描绘,在分开接缝形成模具12时,组件601和602被允许冷却并且用于形成接缝604的制造工艺完成。
H.缝合并且热结合的接缝构造
热结合被利用以把组件601和602在上文讨论的多种接缝603和604处连接。虽然单独的热结合是足够的,但缝合或粘合剂结合还可以被利用以加固接缝603和604。此外,缝合可以被利用以在热结合之前临时连接或以其他方式预先连接组件601和602。当缝合(例如,纱、线、单丝)包含热塑性聚合物材料时,缝合还可以与组件601和602中的每种形成热结合部。取决于热结合发生的温度,缝合还可以熔化到组件601和602的结构内。
参考图36,组件601和602被连接以形成接缝603。组件601和602中的至少一种包含热塑性聚合物材料,为了本讨论的目的,我们将其称为“第一热塑性聚合物材料”。因而,组件601和602在接缝603处用第一热塑性聚合物材料彼此热结合。此外,缝合股绳605在接缝603处延伸穿过组件601和602,从而把组件601和602缝合到一起。缝合股绳605还包含热塑性聚合物材料,为了本讨论的目的,我们将其称为“第二热塑性聚合物材料”。考虑到缝合股绳605包含第二热塑性聚合物材料,缝合股绳605可在接缝603处用第二热塑性聚合物材料与组件601和602热结合。
缝合股绳605可以是例如纱、线、或单丝。在某些构造中,缝合股绳605可以具有线200的一般构造。因而,缝合股绳605可以包含彼此加捻的两种或更多种纱(例如,纱201)。此外,纱可以包含大体上由第二热塑性聚合物材料形成的多种大体上对齐的丝(例如,丝202)。因而,缝合股绳605中的丝的材料的至少百分之九十五、百分之九十九、或百分之一百可以是第二热塑性聚合物材料。虽然缝合股绳605被描绘成形成之字形的缝合,但其他缝合构造可以被用于用缝合股绳605连接组件601和602。
基于上文的讨论,接缝603实际上包含两种热结合部。第一热结合部由来自组件601和602中的一种或两种的第一热塑性聚合物材料形成。虽然第一热结合部主要把组件601和602彼此连接,从而形成接缝603,但第一热结合部还可以连接缝合股绳605与组件601和602。第二热结合部由来自缝合股绳605的第二热塑性聚合物材料形成。虽然第二热结合部主要连接缝合股绳605与组件601和602,但第二热结合部还可以(a)将缝合股绳605的各部分彼此连接或(b)将组件601和602彼此连接。利用第一热结合部和第二热结合部的优点涉及强度。即,接缝603可以呈现比仅仅利用缝合或热结合中的一种的接缝更大的强度。
第一热塑性聚合物材料和第二热塑性聚合物材料可以是相同的热塑性聚合物材料。即,组件601和602以及缝合股绳605的热塑性聚合物材料可以是具有共同的玻璃转变温度和熔化温度的相同的热塑性聚合物材料(例如,两者都是热塑性聚氨基甲酸酯)。类似地,第一热塑性聚合物材料和第二热塑性聚合物材料可以是相同的热塑性聚合物材料(例如,两者都是热塑性聚氨基甲酸酯),但具有不同的玻璃转变温度和熔化温度。例如,第一热塑性聚合物材料和第二热塑性聚合物材料可以是热塑性聚氨基甲酸酯,且第一热塑性聚合物材料具有比第二热塑性聚合物材料更高的玻璃转变温度和熔化温度。此外,第一热塑性聚合物材料和第二热塑性聚合物材料可以是不同的热塑性聚合物材料,比如热塑性聚氨基甲酸酯和热塑性聚烯烃。
包含相同的热塑性聚合物材料到组件601和602以及缝合股绳605内的优点涉及热结合的相容性。虽然不同的热塑性聚合物材料可以彼此形成热结合部,但当组件601和602以及缝合股绳605由相同的热塑性聚合物材料形成时,热结合部可以更容易地形成并且具有更大的强度。当组件601和602以及缝合股绳605包含相同的热塑性聚合物材料但具有不同的玻璃转变温度和熔化温度时,可以获得另外的优点。更特别地,当形成(a)组件601和602之间的第一热结合部和(b)缝合股绳605与组件601和602之间的第二热结合部时,通过将组件601和602配置成具有不同于缝合股绳605的玻璃转变温度和熔化温度,组件601和602中的第一热塑性聚合物材料软化或熔化的程度可以少于缝合股绳605中的第二热塑性聚合物材料软化或熔化的程度。
当被加热以与组件601和602形成第二热结合部时缝合股绳605内的单个纱或丝软化或熔化的程度可以明显地变化。再次参考图36,缝合股绳605被清楚地视为把组件601和602缝合到一起。虽然缝合股绳605可以与组件601和602热结合,但缝合股绳605在这样的构造中保持内聚(coherent),可能伴随着缝合股绳605内的单个纱或丝保持可辨认的。在这样的构造中,缝合股绳605的第二热塑性聚合物材料可以在与组件601和602接触的区域形成热结合部,但可以在其他区域中不熔化以形成热结合部。作为另一种实例,图37A把缝合股绳605描绘成具有较少的内聚结构,这指示缝合股绳605中某种程度的熔化。即,缝合股绳605的第二热塑性聚合物材料可以已经熔化以致在组件601和602中的纱或丝的周围延伸,并且某些第二热塑性聚合物材料可以已经被芯吸或以其他方式被吸入组件601和602的细丝状结构内。参考图37B,缝合股绳605具有更少的内聚结构,这指示缝合股绳605中更大程度的熔化。即,缝合股绳605的第二热塑性聚合物材料可以已经熔化以致在组件601和602中的更远的纱或丝的周围延伸,并且更大量的第二热塑性聚合物材料可以已经被芯吸或以其他方式被吸入组件601和602的细丝状结构内。最后,图37C描绘其中缝合股绳605已经明显地熔化并且几乎完全被芯吸或以其他方式被吸入组件601和602的细丝状结构内的构造。虽然第二热塑性聚合物材料保持在接缝305内,但缝合股绳605完全是非内聚的并且实际上被吸收或以其他方式被整合到组件601和602的结构内。当被加热以形成热结合部时缝合股绳605内的单个纱或丝软化或熔化的程度可以影响接缝305的强度、以及包含接缝603的服装物品或其他产品的美学性质。
图36和37A-37C之间的对比表明当与组件601和602的元件形成热结合部时缝合股绳605软化或熔化的程度上的变化。虽然未描绘,但由来自组件601和602的元件的第一热塑性聚合物材料形成的热结合部可以以类似的方式变化。然而,在多种构造中,组件601和602的第一热塑性聚合物材料可以在比缝合股绳605的第二热塑性聚合物材料更少的程度上熔化或软化。第一热塑性聚合物材料的更少的熔化或软化的优点是当由纺织品(例如,纺织品200或300)形成时,组件601和602的纤维状或细丝状结构保持完整无缺或以其他方式内聚。当被利用于服装物品中时,第一热塑性聚合物材料的更少的熔化或软化可以确保接缝603保持柔性的并且不形成可以引起穿用者不适的服装的硬的区域。此外,在组件601和602的一种或两种中的第一热塑性聚合物材料的更少的熔化或软化可以增强服装的美学性质。
为了确保组件601和602的第一热塑性聚合物材料在比缝合股绳605的第二热塑性聚合物材料更少的程度上熔化或软化,不同的熔化温度和玻璃转变温度可以被选择用于第一热塑性聚合物材料和第二热塑性聚合物材料中的每种。更特别地,第一热塑性聚合物材料的熔化温度和玻璃转变温度可以比第二热塑性聚合物材料的相应的熔化温度和玻璃转变温度更高。即,第一热塑性聚合物材料的熔化温度比第二热塑性聚合物材料的熔化温度更高,并且第一热塑性聚合物材料的玻璃转变温度比第二热塑性聚合物材料的玻璃转变温度更高。如在图36和37A-37C中,取决于第二热塑性聚合物材料的期望的熔化或软化程度,第二热塑性聚合物材料的熔化温度可以比第一热塑性聚合物材料的玻璃转变温度更高或更低。更特别地,例如,在其中第二热塑性聚合物材料的熔化温度比第一热塑性聚合物材料的玻璃转变温度更低的构造中,缝合股绳605可以熔化得更多(例如,图37B和37C),并且在其中第二热塑性聚合物材料的熔化温度比第一热塑性聚合物材料的玻璃转变温度更高的构造中,缝合股绳605可以熔化得更少(例如,图36和37A)。
虽然温度可以明显地变化,但现在将讨论第一热塑性聚合物材料和第二热塑性聚合物材料的熔化温度和玻璃转变温度的示例值。例如,组件601和602的第一热塑性聚合物材料可以是具有180摄氏度的玻璃转变温度和210摄氏度的熔化温度的热塑性聚氨基甲酸酯,并且缝合股绳605的第二热塑性聚合物材料可以是具有140摄氏度的玻璃转变温度和160摄氏度的熔化温度的热塑性聚氨基甲酸酯。关于这些温度,第二热塑性聚合物材料的熔化温度比第一热塑性聚合物材料的玻璃转变温度更低。作为另一种实例,组件601和602的第一热塑性聚合物材料可以是具有170摄氏度的玻璃转变温度和210摄氏度的熔化温度的热塑性聚氨基甲酸酯,并且缝合股绳605的第二热塑性聚合物材料可以是具有150摄氏度的玻璃转变温度和190摄氏度的熔化温度的热塑性聚氨基甲酸酯。关于这些温度,第二热塑性聚合物材料的熔化温度比第一热塑性聚合物材料的玻璃转变温度更高。
现在将参考图38A-38E,讨论用于用缝合股绳605形成接缝603的一般制造工艺。首先,将组件601和602定位于缝合机13内,所述缝合机13分配缝合股绳605并且把缝合股绳605延伸穿过组件601和602,从而把组件601和602的边缘区域缝合到一起。除了缝合股绳605之外,缝合机13还可以分配线轴股绳(未描绘)。缝合机13可以是任何常规的缝纫机、缝扎机(surger)、或进行缝合操作的装置。手工缝合还可以被利用。虽然组件601和602的相对简单的构造被描绘,但多种服装物品和其他产品可以由多种组件或其他材料元件形成。因而,用缝合股绳605连接组件601和602用来在热结合之前临时连接或以其他方式预先连接组件601和602。实际上,缝合股绳605在热结合之前临时连接服装物品或其他产品的多种组件或其他元件。
在用缝合股绳605适当连接时,将包含缝合股绳605的组件601和602的边缘区域定位于一对接缝形成模具12之间,如图38B中描绘。然后,接缝形成模具12朝向彼此平移或以其他方式移动以便压缩组件601和602的边缘区域或促使组件601和602的边缘区域之间的接触,如图38C中描绘。接缝形成模具12还施加热到组件601和602以及缝合股绳605以(a)与来自组件601和602的第一热塑性聚合物材料形成第一热结合部,从而在接缝603处把组件601和602彼此连接,并且(b)与来自缝合股绳605的第二热塑性聚合物材料形成第二热结合部,从而连接缝合股绳605与组件601和602。因此,来自接缝形成模具12的热在接缝603处实际上形成两种热结合部。
如图38D中描绘,在分开接缝形成模具12时,接缝603被形成并且被允许冷却。然后,组件601和602可以被展开,如图38E中描绘。接缝603还可以被修剪以限制末端区域在接缝603处向外突出的程度。除了通过传导加热组件601和602以及缝合股绳605之外,可以利用包括射频加热、超声波加热、辐射加热、激光加热、或化学加热的其他方法。
在接缝603中热结合的程度可以明显地变化。如上文讨论,在某些构造中,可以获得具有组件601和602中的第一热塑性聚合物材料的更少的熔化或软化程度的优点。为了确保(a)组件601和602的纤维状或细丝状结构保持完整无缺或以其他方式内聚以及(b)缝合股绳605在更大程度上熔化或软化,第一热塑性聚合物材料的熔化温度和玻璃转变温度比第二热塑性聚合物材料的相应的熔化温度和玻璃转变温度更高。即,第一热塑性聚合物材料的熔化温度比第二热塑性聚合物材料的熔化温度更高,并且第一热塑性聚合物材料的玻璃转变温度比第二热塑性聚合物材料的玻璃转变温度更高。此外,第二热塑性聚合物材料的熔化温度可以比第一热塑性聚合物材料的玻璃转变温度更高或更低。
图39A描绘在上文关于图38B-38D讨论的步骤之间接缝603的温度变化的方式的曲线图。此外,该曲线图示出其中第二热塑性聚合物材料的熔化温度比第一热塑性聚合物材料的玻璃转变温度更高的情况。在被接缝形成模具12压缩之前,接缝603的元件(即,组件601和602以及缝合股绳605)处于恒定的初始温度下,所述初始温度可以是工厂的室温。在被接缝形成模具12压缩时,接缝603的元件的温度上升以超过第一热塑性聚合物材料和第二热塑性聚合物材料两者的玻璃转变温度。当接缝603的元件的温度超过两种玻璃转变温度时,热结合可以发生(a)在组件601和602之间以及(b)在缝合股绳605以及组件601和602之间。即,当接缝603的组件的温度超过两种玻璃转变温度时两种热结合部可以被形成。注意到第二热塑性聚合物材料的熔化温度比第一热塑性聚合物材料的玻璃转变温度更高。因而,缝合股绳605中的第二热塑性聚合物材料在这种实例中没有达到熔点。因此,缝合股绳605可以在更少的程度上熔化,如在图36和37A的构造中。在接缝形成模具12分开并且接缝605的元件被移除时,组件的温度可以冷却或以其他方式减小到初始温度。
图39B也描绘在上文关于图38B-38D讨论的步骤之间接缝603的温度变化的方式的曲线图。此外,该曲线图示出其中第二热塑性聚合物材料的熔化温度比第一热塑性聚合物材料的玻璃转变温度更低的情况。在被接缝形成模具12压缩之前,接缝603的元件(即,组件601和602以及缝合股绳605)处于恒定的初始温度下,所述初始温度可以是工厂的室温。在被接缝形成模具12压缩时,接缝603的组件的温度上升以超过第一热塑性聚合物材料的玻璃转变温度。当接缝603的组件的温度超过第一热塑性聚合物材料的玻璃转变温度时,热结合可以发生(a)在组件601和602之间以及(b)在缝合股绳605以及组件601和602之间。即,当接缝603的组件的温度超过第一热塑性聚合物材料的玻璃转变温度时两种热结合部可以被形成。注意到第二热塑性聚合物材料的熔化温度比第一热塑性聚合物材料的玻璃转变温度更低。因而,缝合股绳605中的第二热塑性聚合物材料在这种实例中达到熔点。因此,缝合股绳605可以在更大的程度上熔化,如在图37B和37C的构造中。在接缝形成模具分开并且接缝603的组件被移除时,组件的温度可以冷却或以其他方式减小到初始温度。
虽然第一热塑性聚合物材料和第二热塑性聚合物材料的玻璃转变温度和熔化温度可以符合上文讨论的关系,但其他关系还可以被利用。例如,第二热塑性聚合物材料的熔化温度可以比第一热塑性聚合物材料的熔化温度更高,并且第二热塑性聚合物材料的玻璃转变温度可以在第一热塑性聚合物材料的玻璃转变温度和熔化温度之间。作为另一种实例,第二热塑性聚合物材料的玻璃转变温度和熔化温度可以比第一热塑性聚合物材料的熔化温度更高。
涉及在接缝603中使用缝合股绳605的上文讨论的多种概念也适用于接缝604的构造。例如,图40描绘被连接以形成包含缝合股绳605的接缝604的重叠的组件601和602。即,组件601和602的边缘区域彼此重叠并且倚靠,其中热结合形成接缝604,并且缝合股绳605延伸穿过组件601和602的边缘区域。此外,接缝604实际上包含两种热结合部。第一热结合部由来自组件601和602的第一热塑性聚合物材料形成。第二热结合部由来自缝合股绳605的第二热塑性聚合物材料形成。
I.一般产品构造
以上讨论以及相关的图1-40公开可以被包含到多种产品内的多种元件,所述多种元件包括:(a)纱100、线200、编织纺织品300、以及针织纺织品400;(b)熔合区域303、304、403、以及404;(c)复合材料元件500;(d)有或没有缝合股绳605的来自接缝元件600的接缝603和604;以及(e)连接或熔合的热结合部。这些多种元件中的任一种可以被单独地或组合地利用于服装物品,比如衬衫、裤子、袜子、鞋类、外套、内衣、以及头饰。多种元件的多个方面还可以被利用于容器、用于家具的室内装饰品、床上用品、桌布、毛巾、旗帜、帐篷、帆、和降落伞,以及产业目的,所述产业目的包括汽车应用和航空航天应用、过滤材料、医用纺织品、土工织物、农业织物、以及产业服装。因此,多种元件可以被利用于用于个人目的和产业目的两者的多种产品。
虽然多种元件可以被利用于多种产品,但以下讨论提供服装物品的实例。即,以下讨论展示多种元件可以被包含到衬衫700和鞋类800内的大量方式。更特别地,提供衬衫700和鞋类800的多种构造的实例以便展示利用纱、线、以及包含热塑性聚合物材料的纺织品的产品,以及热结合可以赋予产品优点的方式。因此,虽然下文概述的概念特别地适用于多种服装物品,但概念可以适用于多种其他产品。
J.衬衫构造
衬衫700的第一构造在图41中被描绘成包含躯干区域701和一对臂部区域702。躯干区域701对应于穿用者的躯干并且当被穿着时覆盖躯干的至少一部分。躯干区域701的上部区域界定颈部开口703,当衬衫700被穿着时穿用者的颈部和头部突出穿过所述颈部开口703。类似地,躯干区域701的下部区域界定腰部开口704,当衬衫700被穿着时穿用者的腰部或盆部区域突出穿过所述腰部开口704。当衬衫700被穿着时臂部区域702从躯干区域701向外延伸并且分别对应于穿用者的右臂和左臂。因而,臂部区域702中的一个覆盖右臂的至少一部分,并且臂部区域702中的另一个覆盖左臂的至少一部分。臂部区域702中的每个界定臂部开口705,当衬衫700被穿着时穿用者的手、腕、或臂突出穿过所述臂部开口705。
躯干区域701和臂部区域702由在多种接缝707处连接的多种纺织品元件706形成。纺织品元件706通常被形成为具有编织纺织品300、针织纺织品400、或包含热塑性聚合物材料的任何其他纺织品的构造。因而,纺织品元件706可以包含股绳(例如,纱100、线200),所述股绳具有由热塑性聚合物材料形成的多种大体上对齐的丝。虽然纺织品元件706中的每种可以是编织的或针织的,但其他纺织品元件706可以是例如包含热塑性聚合物材料的非编织的纺织品或聚合物片。某些纺织品元件706还可以由棉、蚕丝、热固性聚合物丝、或不包括热塑性聚合物材料的其他材料形成。衬衫700还可以包含例如弹性组件、拉链、钩和环紧固件、或其他闭合装置。
两种接缝707在躯干区域701和臂部区域702之间延伸以便把多种纺织品元件706连接在一起。例如,虽然未描绘,但是另外的接缝707可以(a)沿着躯干区域701的侧面区域延伸以连接前面和背面的纺织品元件706并且(b)沿着臂部区域702的后部区域延伸以连接形成每个臂部区域702的纺织品元件706的边缘区域。通常,接缝707界定其中纺织品元件706的边缘区域可能通过热结合彼此连接的区域。参考图42A,接缝707中的一种被描绘成具有接缝603的一般构造,但还可以具有接缝604的一般构造。此外,用于形成有或没有缝合股绳605的接缝603和604的上文讨论的多种方法中的任何一种可以被利用以形成接缝707。因而,包含由热塑性聚合物材料形成的纺织品元件的服装物品可以包含在多种接缝处连接纺织品元件的热结合部。
纺织品元件706的多种边缘区域在接缝707处被连接。其他边缘区域存在于开口703、704、以及705。为了防止在开口703、704、以及705处形成纺织品元件706的股绳的磨损或解开(unravel),多种类型的热结合部可以被利用。参考图42B,形成腰部开口704的纺织品元件706的边缘区域被热结合以将多种股绳有效地熔合到纺织品元件706之内。即,包含热塑性聚合物材料的丝或纱可以在邻近腰部开口704处彼此热结合以防止形成纺织品元件706的股绳的磨损或解开。热结合可被利用以防止磨损或解开的另外的方式在图42C中被描绘。更特别地,在一个臂部开口705处纺织品元件706的边缘区域自身被向内转向并且向后折叠。热结合部被形成以连接纺织品元件706的表面,并且热结合部还有效地熔合多种股绳到纺织品元件706内。即,包含热塑性聚合物材料的丝或纱可以在邻近臂部开口705处彼此热结合以防止形成纺织品元件706的股绳的磨损或解开。
衬衫700的第二构造在图43中被描绘成具有参考图41讨论的多种特征。虽然接缝707可以呈现在图42A中的构造,但接缝707在图44A中被描绘成具有接缝604的一般构造。因而,一种纺织品元件706的边缘区域与另一种纺织品元件706的边缘重叠并且热结合。包括接缝603和604的构造的多种接缝构造,可以被利用于服装物品。
为了赋予衬衫700的特定区域不同的性质,多种熔合区域708在纺织品元件706中形成。更特别地,熔合区域708在颈部开口703、腰部开口704、以及每个臂部开口705的周围形成。考虑到当衬衫700被个人穿上以及被个人脱下时开口703-705中的每个可以被拉伸,熔合区域708位于开口703-705的周围以便赋予这些区域更大的耐拉伸性。在熔合区域708中包含热塑性聚合物材料的股绳通常在比衬衫700的其他区域更大的程度上被熔合。类似于上文的图42B和42C的讨论,某些熔合区域708可以防止在开口703-705周围的区域中的磨损或解开。
考虑到当衬衫700被穿着时衬衫700的肘部区域可能经受相对高的摩损,某些熔合区域708可以位于肘部区域以赋予更大的耐久性。此外,在衬衫700的肩部区域上延伸的背包背带可以磨损并且拉伸肩部区域。因此,另外的熔合区域708位于衬衫200的肩部区域以赋予耐久性和耐拉伸性两者。位于肩部区域和接缝707周围的纺织品元件706的各部分在肩部区域中有效地形成接缝707和熔合区域708两者。两种分开工艺可以被利用以形成这些区域。即,在肩部区域中,一种热结合工艺可以形成接缝707,并且另一种热结合工艺可以形成熔合区域708。然而,在某些工艺中,在肩部区域中的接缝707和熔合区域708可以通过单个热结合工艺形成。
在形成熔合区域708的热结合期间,纺织品元件706的各区域被加热并且被压缩。除了熔合股绳到纺织品元件706内之外,加热和压缩还可以引起熔合区域708在厚度上压缩或减小。更特别地,形成熔合区域708的工艺可以有效地引起熔合区域708的区域的变薄。这种效果可以在图44B中看出并且可以发生在其中热结合或熔合形成类似于熔合区域303、304、403、404、以及708的区域的其他位置中。
衬衫700的第三构造在图45中被描绘成包含被固定于纺织品元件706的多种组件709。更特别地,组件709被热结合到衬衫700的内表面,如图46A-46C中描绘。在其他构造中,组件700可以被固定于衬衫700的外表面。组件709可以是可以包含热塑性聚合物材料或可以由其他材料形成的另外的纺织品元件。此外,组件709可以是可压缩材料,比如聚合物泡沫元件。组件709还可以是聚合物片或板。此外,每个组件709可以由不同的材料形成以赋予衬衫700的各区域不同的性质。实际上,纺织品元件706和组件709的组合形成类似于复合材料元件500的结构。
组件709可以具有多种构造。如果组件709是吸收水或芯吸水的另外的纺织品,那么纺织品元件706和另一种纺织品的组合可以适合于在穿着衬衫700的个人可能流汗的体育活动期间利用的衬衫700的构造。如果组件709是可压缩材料比如聚合物泡沫元件,那么纺织品元件706和可压缩材料的组合可以适合于其中缓冲(即,冲击力的衰减)是有利的衬衫70的构造,比如用于可以涉及与其他运动员、设备、或地面接触或冲击的体育活动的衬垫。如果组件709是聚合物片或板,那么纺织品元件706和聚合物片或板的组合可以适合于赋予保护以免急剧冲击的服装物品。因此,多种材料或其他组件可以通过热结合连接到衬衫700的纺织品元件706。
在纺织品元件706中以及在邻近某些组件709处也形成多种熔合区域708。例如,两种熔合区域708在其中组件709位于躯干区域701的侧面区域中的区域周围延伸。一对熔合区域708在其中组件709位于臂部区域702的肘部区域中的区域之上延伸。这些熔合区域708可以被利用以例如加固或添加耐拉伸性到围绕组件709的区域或提供更大的耐久性到在组件709之上的区域。
衬衫700的第四构造在图47中被描绘成包含口袋710,所述口袋710可以被利用以保留或以其他方式容纳相对小的物体(例如,钥匙、钱包、身份证、手机、随身音乐播放器)。口袋710被形成为材料的两个重叠层,其中至少一个是纺织品元件708。此外,热结合部被利用以将材料的重叠层彼此连接。即,热结合部把形成口袋710的材料元件的周缘连接到纺织品元件706。口袋710的中心区域保持是未结合的。在其他的产品和包括裤子和夹克的服装物品中还可以形成类似于口袋710的口袋。
基于以上讨论,包含热塑性聚合物材料的纺织品元件(例如,纺织品300和400)可以被利用于衬衫700。考虑到多种其他类型的服装具有类似于衬衫700的构造(construction)。即,裤子、袜子、外套、内衣、以及头饰全部由在接缝处被连接的一种或更多种纺织品元件形成。因此,这些其他类型的服装可以包含大体上类似于接缝707(即,接缝603、604)的结构。为了赋予服装的各区域不同的性质,还可以利用大体上类似于熔合区域708(即,熔合区域303、304、403、404)的多种结构。类似地,其他类型的服装还可以包含大体上类似于组件709(即,组件501、502)的结构。通过形成熔合区域并且组合纺织品元件与其他组件,多种性质和性质的组合可以被赋予服装的不同区域。即,本文公开的多种概念可以被单独地或组合地利用以策划特定目的的服装性质。
K.鞋类构造
鞋类800的第一构造在图49中被描绘成包含鞋底结构810和鞋面820。鞋底结构810被固定于鞋面820的下部区域并且在鞋面820和地面之间延伸。鞋面820为穿用者的足部提供舒适并且牢固的覆盖物。因而,足部可以位于鞋面820之内,所述鞋面820把足部有效地固定于鞋类800之内,并且鞋底结构810在足部之下延伸以例如使力衰减、增强稳定性、或影响足部的运动。
鞋底结构810包含鞋中底811、鞋外底812、以及鞋垫813。鞋中底811被固定于鞋面820的下表面并且可以由可压缩的聚合物泡沫元件(例如,聚氨基甲酸酯或乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(ethylvinylacetate)泡沫)形成,当在步行、跑步、或其他走动活动期间被压缩在足部和地面之间时所述可压缩的聚合物泡沫元件使地面反作用力衰减(即提供缓冲)。在另外的构造中,鞋中底811可以包含流体填充的室、板、调节器(moderator)、或使力进一步衰减、增强稳定性、或影响足部的运动的其他元件,或鞋中底811可以主要由流体填充的室形成。鞋外底812被固定于鞋中底811的下表面并且可以由被织构化以赋予附着力的耐磨橡胶材料形成。如图50中描绘,鞋垫813位于鞋面820之内,并且被定位为在足部的下表面之下延伸。虽然鞋底结构810的该构造提供可以与鞋面820结合使用的鞋底结构的实例,但还可以利用鞋底结构810的多种其他的常规或非常规构造。
鞋面820可以由多种元件形成,所述多种元件被连接到一起以形成用于接纳足部并且相对于鞋底结构810固定足部的结构。因而,鞋面820沿着足部的相对侧、在足部之上、围绕足部的跟部、并且在足部之下延伸。此外,鞋面820界定空隙821,所述空隙821通常是鞋类800的中空区域,所述中空区域具有足部的一般形状并且被意图接纳足部。由位于至少跟部区域的踝部开口822提供到空隙821的通路。鞋带823延伸穿过多种鞋带孔824并且允许穿用者调节鞋面820的尺寸以容纳足部的各部分。更特别地,鞋带823允许穿用者使鞋面820围绕足部变紧,并且鞋带823允许穿用者松开鞋面820以利于使足部从空隙(即通过踝部开口822)进入和移除。作为鞋带孔824的替代物,鞋面820可以包含其他鞋带接纳元件,比如环、孔眼、钩、以及D形环。此外,鞋面820包含鞋舌825,所述鞋舌825在空隙821和鞋带823之间延伸以增强鞋类800的舒适性和可调整性。在某些构造中,鞋面820还可以包含其他元件,比如加固构件、美学部件、限制跟部移动的跟部稳定器(heel counter)、耐磨趾部防护物、或识别制造商的标记(例如,商标)。因此,鞋面820由多种元件形成,所述多种元件形成用于接纳并且固定足部的结构。
鞋面820的沿着足部侧面、在足部之上、并且在足部之下延伸的各部分包含多种纺织品元件826,所述多种纺织品元件826通常被形成为具有编织纺织品300、针织纺织品400或包含热塑性聚合物材料的任何其他纺织品的构造。因而,纺织品元件826可以包含股绳(例如,纱100、线200),所述股绳具有由热塑性聚合物材料形成的多种大体上对齐的丝。虽然纺织品元件826中的每种可以是编织的或针织的,但其他纺织品元件826可以是例如包含热塑性聚合物材料的非编织的纺织品或聚合物片。某些纺织品元件826还可以由棉、蚕丝、热固性聚合物丝、或不包括热塑性聚合物材料的其他材料形成。鞋舌825还可以包含一种或更多种纺织品元件826。
虽然单一的纺织品元件826可以形成鞋面820的相对大的区域,但多种纺织品元件826在多种接缝827处连接。通常,接缝827界定其中纺织品元件826的边缘区域可能通过热结合彼此连接的区域。例如,两种接缝827位于鞋面820的相对侧并且连接形成鞋带孔824的纺织品元件826与沿着足部侧面延伸的纺织品元件826。这些接缝827呈现接缝603的一般构造,但还可以具有接缝604的一般构造。接缝604的构造的优点是纺织品元件826的边缘区域没有向内突出,所述向内突出可以引起穿用者的不适。作为另一种实例,两种接缝827位于鞋面820的相对侧并且连接沿着足部侧面延伸的纺织品元件826与在足部之下延伸的纺织品元件826,所述纺织品元件826可以是斯创贝尔(strobel)材料。这些接缝827呈现接缝604的一般构造,但还可以具有接缝603的一般构造。因此,多种纺织品元件826可以用接缝827连接,所述接缝827可以通过用于形成接缝603和604的上文讨论的多种热结合工艺来形成。
两种接缝707在躯干区域701和臂部区域702之间延伸以便把多种纺织品元件706连接在一起。虽然未描绘,但另外的接缝707可以例如(a)沿着躯干区域701的侧面区域延伸以连接前面和背面的纺织品元件706并且(b)沿着臂部区域702的后部区域延伸以连接形成每个臂部区域702的纺织品元件706的边缘区域。参考图42A,接缝707中的一种被描绘成具有接缝603的一般构造,但还可以具有接缝604的一般构造。此外,用于形成有或没有缝合股绳605的接缝603和604的上文讨论的多种方法中的任何一种可以被利用以形成接缝707。因而,包含由热塑性聚合物材料形成的纺织品元件的服装物品可以包含在多种接缝处连接纺织品元件的热结合部。
鞋类800的相对大的百分比可以由热塑性聚合物材料形成。如上文讨论,纺织品元件826可以至少部分地由热塑性聚合物材料形成。虽然鞋带823通常不通过结合或缝合来连接至鞋面820,但鞋带823还可以由热塑性聚合物材料形成。类似地,鞋中底811和鞋外底812中的每种可以由热塑性聚合物材料形成。取决于鞋类800的包含热塑性聚合物材料或完全由热塑性聚合物材料形成的元件的数目,由热塑性聚合物材料形成的鞋类800的按质量计的百分比可以在从百分之三十到百分之一百的范围中。在某些构造中,鞋底结构810和鞋面820的合并的质量中的至少百分之六十可以来自热塑性聚合物材料。因此,鞋类400的大部分或甚至全部可以由一种或更多种热塑性聚合物材料形成。
粘合剂通常被利用以连接鞋面与鞋底结构并且连接鞋中底与鞋外底。由热塑性聚合物材料形成鞋类800的多种元件的优点是热结合部可以被利用以连接鞋面820与鞋底结构810并且连接鞋中底811与鞋外底812。除了减少利用粘合剂的环境影响之外,还可以增强鞋类800的可重复利用性。
鞋类800的第二构造在图51中被描绘成具有上文讨论的多种特征。为了赋予鞋面820的特定区域不同的性质,三种通常线型的熔合区域828从鞋类800的根部区域延伸到鞋类800的前足区域。例如,熔合区域828可以赋予耐拉伸性。即,在步行、跑步、或其他走动活动期间鞋面820可以具有拉伸的倾向,并且熔合区域828赋予沿着鞋类800的长度的更大的耐拉伸性。考虑到纺织品元件826可以(a)是编织纺织品300、针织纺织品400、或包含热塑性聚合物材料的任何其他纺织品,或(b)包含由热塑性聚合物材料形成的股绳(例如,纱100、线200),熔合区域828中的股绳通常在比鞋类800的其他区域更大的程度上被熔合。
在形成熔合区域828的热结合工艺期间,纺织品元件826的区域被加热并且被压缩。除了熔合股绳到纺织品元件826之内之外,加热和压缩还可以引起熔合区域828在厚度上压缩或减小。更特别地,形成熔合区域828的工艺可以有效地引起熔合区域828的区域的变薄。这种效果可以在图52中看出并且可以发生在其中热结合或熔合形成类似于熔合区域303、304、403、以及404的区域的其他位置中。
虽然鞋面820可以被形成为具有纺织品元件826的单层的厚度,但鞋面820还可以具有多层的厚度。再参考图52,沿着足部侧面延伸的鞋面820的区域包含纺织品元件826以及组件829和830。更特别地,鞋面820的每侧具有分层的构造,其中(a)纺织品元件826形成鞋面820的外表面,(b)组件829形成界定空隙821的一部分的内表面,并且(c)组件830位于纺织品元件826和组件829之间以形成中间层。例如,组件829可以吸收或芯吸水以控制鞋类800内的汗水,并且组件830可以是增强鞋类800的舒适性的可压缩聚合物泡沫材料。
在鞋面820的每侧上,纺织品元件826可以被热结合到组件830。如果组件829和830中的一种或两种包含热塑性聚合物材料,那么组件829和830还可以彼此热结合。因此,用于以分层的构造连接纺织品元件826与组件829和830的工艺可以类似于用于复合材料元件500的上文讨论的热结合工艺。
鞋类800的第三构造在图53中被描绘成包含熔合区域828的另外的实例。熔合区域828中的一种围绕踝部开口822延伸并且接近踝部开口822,这可以把更大的耐拉伸性添加到围绕踝部开口822的区域并且有助于把足部牢固地保留在鞋面820内。另一种熔合区域828位于跟部区域中并且围绕鞋类800的后部区域延伸以形成抵抗跟部在鞋面820内移动的跟部稳定器。另一种熔合区域828位于前足区域中并且邻近鞋底结构810,这把更大的耐久性添加到前足区域。更特别地,鞋面820的前足区域可以经历比鞋面820的其他部分更大的穿着磨损(abrasive-wear),并且在前足区域中添加熔合区域828可以增强鞋类800的在前足区域中的耐磨性。另外的熔合区域828围绕鞋带孔824延伸,这可以增强接纳鞋带823的区域的耐久性和耐拉伸性。该熔合区域828在多种位置中还向下延伸到接近鞋底结构810的区域以便沿着鞋类800的侧面增强耐拉伸性。更特别地,在鞋带823中的张力可以将张力放置在鞋面820的侧面中。通过形成沿着鞋面820的侧面向下延伸的熔合区域828,可以减少鞋面820中的拉伸。
鞋类400的第四构造在图54中被描绘成包含具有字母“A”、“B”、以及“C”的形状的三种熔合区域828。熔合区域828可以被利用以调节纺织品元件826的多种性质,包括渗透性、耐久性以及耐拉伸性的性质。通过形成熔合区域828还可以调节多种美学性质,包括纺织品元件826中的透明度、色饱和度以及对比度。利用美学性质的这种变化,熔合区域828可以被利用以在鞋类800的各区域中形成标记。即,熔合区域828可以被利用以形成团队或公司的名称或标志、个人的姓名或首字母、或美学图案、图画或元件。类似地,熔合区域828可被利用以在衬衫700、其他服装物品、或包含具有热塑性聚合物材料的纺织品的任何其他产品中形成标记。
作为用熔合区域828形成标记的替代物,其他元件可以被热结合到鞋面820以形成标记。例如,聚合物片可以被切割以形成字母“A”、“B”、以及“C”并且然后与鞋面820的侧面通过热结合连接到纺织品元件826。作为相关的事件,编织纺织品300或针织纺织品400的元件可以例如被热结合或以其他方式连接到多种产品以形成标记。例如,具有字母“A”、“B”、以及“C”的形状的编织纺织品300或针织纺织品400的元件可以被热结合到鞋类物品的侧面,其中鞋面主要由皮革、合成皮革、或任何其他材料形成。考虑到编织纺织品300、针织纺织品400、或包含热塑性聚合物材料的其他纺织品可以被热结合到多种其他材料、元件,这些元件可以被热结合到多种产品以便形成标记。
基于以上讨论,包含热塑性聚合物材料的纺织品元件(例如,纺织品300和400)可以被利用于鞋类800。其他类型的鞋类还可以包含大体上类似于接缝827(即,接缝603、604)的结构。为了赋予鞋类的各区域不同的性质,还可以利用大体上类似于熔合区域828(即,熔合区域303、304、403、404)的多种结构。类似地,其他类型的鞋类还可以包含大体上类似于组件829和830(即,组件501、502)的结构。通过形成熔合区域并且组合纺织品元件与其他组件,多种性质和性质的组合可以被赋予鞋类。即,本文公开的多种概念可以被单独地或组合地利用以策划特定目的的鞋类性质。
L.使纺织品成形
如图7和9中分别描绘的编织纺织品300和针织纺织品400具有通常平面的构造。包含热塑性聚合物材料的纺织品还可以呈现多种三维的或以其他方式非平面的构造。例如,在图55A中成形的纺织品900的元件被描绘成具有波浪形或波状的构造。成形的纺织品900可以是例如纺织品300和400以及包含股绳(例如,纱100、线200)的任何纺织品中的任一种,所述股绳包含热塑性聚合物材料。在成形的纺织品900中具有方形波的类似构造被描绘在图55B中。作为另一种实例,成形的纺织品900可以具有以两个方向延伸以赋予蛋箱构造的波,如图55C中描绘。因此,成形的纺织品900可以被形成为具有多种三维的或以其他方式非平面的构造。
多种工艺可以被利用以在成形的纺织品900中形成三维构造。然而,通常,工艺包括在成形的纺织品900内形成热结合部以赋予非平面的构造。参考图56A-56C,方法的实例被描绘成包括热压机,所述热压机包含一对成形的压板14,所述压板14各自具有对应于成形的纺织品900的产生的三维外观的表面。首先,成形的纺织品900位于成形的压板14之间,如图56A中描绘。即,变成成形的纺织品900的平面纺织品元件位于具有非平面表面的热压机之内。然后,成形的压板14朝向彼此平移或以其他方式移动以便接触并且压缩成形的纺织品900,如图56B中描绘。为了在成形的纺织品900中形成三维构造,来自成形的压板14中的一个或两个的热被施加到成形的纺织品900以便使形成成形的纺织品900的股绳内的热塑性聚合物材料软化或熔化。因而,成形的纺织品900被加热到成形的纺织品900内的热塑性聚合物材料的至少玻璃转变温度。如图56C中描绘,在分开成形的压板14并且允许成形的纺织品900冷却时,成形的纺织品900呈现来自成形的压板14的表面的三维构造。实际上,冷却形成成形的纺织品900的纺织品元件设定或以其他方式赋予非平面构造。通过这种工艺,成形的纺织品900被模制成具有非平面构造,但可以利用其他成形或模制工艺。虽然可以通过传导施加热,但还可以利用射频加热、超声波加热、辐射加热、激光加热、或化学加热。
基于以上讨论,包含热塑性聚合物材料的纺织品可以被成形或模制以呈现三维构造或非平面构造。当被包含到产品(例如,衬衫700、鞋类800)内时,这些特征可以向产品提供结构增强和美学增强两者。例如,三维构造可以通过增加表面积提供增强的冲击力衰减和更大的渗透性。
M.重复利用
编织纺织品300和针织纺织品400大体上由热塑性聚合物材料形成。考虑到衬衫700的纺织品元件706可以具有例如编织纺织品300和针织纺织品400中的任一种的构造,衬衫700的大部分或大体上全部可以由热塑性聚合物材料形成。类似地,鞋类800的相对大的百分比还可以由热塑性聚合物材料形成。因此,不同于多种服装物品,在衬衫700和鞋类800之内的材料可以在其使用寿命之后被重复利用。
利用衬衫700作为实例,来自衬衫700的热塑性聚合物材料可以被提取、被重复利用、并且作为非编织纺织品、编织纺织品、针织纺织品、聚合物泡沫、或聚合物片被包含到另一种产品(例如,服装、容器、室内装饰品)中。该工艺通常在图57中示出,其中衬衫700在重复利用中心15中被重复利用,并且来自衬衫700的热塑性聚合物材料被包含到另外的衬衫700、鞋类800、或另一种产品中的一种或更多种中。此外,考虑到衬衫700的大部分或大体上全部由热塑性聚合物材料形成,那么热塑性聚合物材料的大部分或大体上全部可以在重复利用之后被利用于另一种产品中。虽然来自衬衫700的热塑性聚合物材料首先被利用于一种纺织品比如编织纺织品300中,但来自衬衫700的热塑性聚合物材料可以随后被利用于另一种纺织品元件比如针织纺织品400中。继续,新形成的衬衫700和鞋类800还可以通过类似的工艺被重复利用。因此,用上文讨论的多种股绳和纺织品形成衬衫700、鞋类800、或其他产品的优点涉及可重复利用性。
N.结论
纱100、线200、编织纺织品300、针织纺织品400、复合材料元件500、接缝元件600、衬衫700、以及鞋类800全部至少部分地由热塑性聚合物材料形成。在这些元件中通过热结合工艺可以形成多种熔合区域以调节多种性质,包括渗透性、耐久性、以及耐拉伸性。多种组件(纺织品、聚合物片、泡沫层、股绳)还可以通过热结合工艺与这些元件固定或组合以赋予另外的性质或优点。用热结合工艺可以形成接缝以连接这些元件。因此,上文讨论的多种结构和技术组合以形成大量的产品并且赋予产品多种性质。
本发明在上文中以及在附图中参考多种构造被公开。然而,本公开内容被用作的目的是提供与本发明有关的多种特征和概念的实例而不是限制本发明的范围。相关领域中的技术人员将认识到,可以对上文描述的构造进行大量的改变和修改而不脱离如由所附权利要求界定的本发明的范围。

Claims (30)

1.一种纱,所述纱包含多个大体上对齐的丝,所述丝的材料中的至少百分之九十五是热塑性聚合物材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的纱,其中所述热塑性聚合物材料是热塑性聚氨基甲酸酯材料。
3.如权利要求1所述的纱,其中所述纱呈现捻度。
4.如权利要求1所述的纱,其中所述丝的所述材料中的至少百分之九十九是所述热塑性聚合物材料。
5.如权利要求1所述的纱,其中所述纱和至少一个大体上相同的纱被加捻到一起以形成线。
6.一种线,所述线包含:
第一纱,其包含多个大体上对齐的丝,所述丝的材料中的至少百分之九十五是热塑性聚合物材料;以及
第二纱,其与所述第一纱加捻。
7.如权利要求6所述的线,其中所述第二纱包含多个大体上对齐的丝,所述第二纱的所述丝的材料中的至少百分之九十五是所述热塑性聚合物材料。
8.如权利要求6所述的线,其中所述热塑性聚合物材料是热塑性聚氨基甲酸酯材料。
9.如权利要求6所述的线,其中所述第一纱呈现捻度。
10.如权利要求6所述的线,其中所述丝的所述材料中的至少百分之九十九是所述热塑性聚合物材料。
11.一种编织纺织品,所述编织纺织品包含:
经纱股绳,其以第一方向延伸并且包含多个大体上对齐的丝,所述丝的材料中的至少百分之九十五是热塑性聚合物材料;以及
纬纱股绳,其以大体上垂直于所述第一方向的第二方向延伸。
12.如权利要求11所述的编织纺织品,其中所述经纱股绳是纱和线中的一种。
13.如权利要求11所述的编织纺织品,其中所述经纱股绳和所述纬纱股绳彼此热结合。
14.如权利要求11所述的编织纺织品,其中所述纬纱股绳包含多个大体上对齐的丝,所述纬纱股绳的所述丝的材料中的至少百分之九十五是所述热塑性聚合物材料。
15.如权利要求11所述的编织纺织品,其中所述编织纺织品具有熔合区域和非熔合区域,所述经纱股绳和所述纬纱股绳在所述熔合区域中彼此热结合,并且所述经纱股绳和所述纬纱股绳在所述非熔合区域中彼此未结合。
16.如权利要求11所述的编织纺织品,其中所述热塑性聚合物材料是热塑性聚氨基甲酸酯材料。
17.如权利要求11所述的编织纺织品,其中所述丝的所述材料中的至少百分之九十九是所述热塑性聚合物材料。
18.一种针织纺织品,所述针织纺织品包含至少一个股绳,所述股绳形成按照横列和纵行布置的多个联锁环,所述股绳包含多个大体上对齐的丝,所述丝的材料中的至少百分之九十五是热塑性聚合物材料。
19.如权利要求18所述的针织纺织品,其中所述股绳是纱和线中的一种。
20.如权利要求18所述的针织纺织品,其中所述环中的一个被热结合到所述环中的另一个。
21.如权利要求18所述的针织纺织品,其中所述针织纺织品包含熔合区域和非熔合区域,在所述熔合区域中,所述股绳的一部分被热结合到所述股绳的不同部分。
22.如权利要求18所述的针织纺织品,其中所述热塑性聚合物材料是热塑性聚氨基甲酸酯材料。
23.如权利要求18所述的针织纺织品,其中所述丝的所述材料中的至少百分之九十九是所述热塑性聚合物材料。
24.一种纺织品,所述纺织品至少部分地由热塑性聚合物材料形成,所述纺织品具有编织结构或针织结构中的一种,并且所述纺织品被模制以具有非平面构造。
25.如权利要求24所述的纺织品,其中所述纺织品包含至少一个股绳,所述股绳包含多个大体上对齐的丝,所述丝的材料中的至少百分之九十五是所述热塑性聚合物材料。
26.如权利要求25所述的纺织品,其中所述股绳是纱和线中的一种。
27.如权利要求25所述的纺织品,其中所述丝的所述材料中的至少百分之九十九是所述热塑性聚合物材料。
28.如权利要求24所述的纺织品,其中所述热塑性聚合物材料是热塑性聚氨基甲酸酯材料。
29.一种使纺织品元件成形的方法,所述纺织品元件由热塑性聚合物材料形成并且具有编织结构或针织结构中的一种,所述方法包括:
把所述纺织品元件的平面构造定位到具有非平面表面的压机内;
把所述纺织品元件加热到所述热塑性聚合物材料的至少玻璃转变温度;以及
冷却所述纺织品元件以赋予所述纺织品元件非平面构造。
30.如权利要求29所述的方法,还包括选择所述纺织品元件以包含至少一个股绳的步骤,所述至少一个股绳包含多个大体上对齐的丝,所述丝的材料中的至少百分之九十五是所述热塑性聚合物材料。
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