CN104352748A - 一种治疗糖尿病肾病的中药组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗糖尿病肾病的中药组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104352748A CN104352748A CN201410620540.XA CN201410620540A CN104352748A CN 104352748 A CN104352748 A CN 104352748A CN 201410620540 A CN201410620540 A CN 201410620540A CN 104352748 A CN104352748 A CN 104352748A
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Abstract
本发明属于中药领域,涉及一种中药组合物及其制备方法,特别涉及一种治疗糖尿病肾病的中药组合物及其制备方法。针对目前糖尿病肾病的化学治疗药物肝毒性较大,疗效不佳的现有技术不足,本发明提供一种治疗或预防糖尿病肾病的中药组合物,其包括如下组分:党参10-50份,白花蛇舌草10-20份,蛇床子5-20份,半枝莲5-15份,黄芪5-15份,泽泻1-10份,大蓟5-15份,马齿苋9-15份,远志9-15份,茯苓5-15份,百合1.5-9份,甘草5.5-15份。该中药组合物在治疗或预防糖尿病肾病方面均具有很好的治疗效果,且药物副作用低,具有显著的临床推广价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药领域,具体涉及一种治疗糖尿病肾病的中药组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
糖尿病是一种内分泌代谢疾病,是由于体内胰岛素相对或绝对不足而引起的糖类代谢紊乱,引起糖、蛋白质、脂肪及继发的水、电解质代谢紊乱的病症。随着人民生活水平的提高,我国糖尿病患者的发生率和死亡率也在逐年剧增。从我国各地区分布的调研结果来看,80年代我国糖尿病患者的发病率不足1%,到1997年已上升至2.65%,而且近年来更以每年0.1%的速度迅速增长,已形成一个不容忽视的患病群体。
糖尿病在临床上分两种类型:胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(即I型糖尿病),非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(即II型糖尿病)。其中,II型糖尿病率很高,约占糖尿病发病人数的90%左右。糖尿病的危害主要来自并发症,其发生率很高,导致了高致死率和高致残率。研究表明,糖尿病发病后10年有30%~40%的患者至少会发生一种并发症。常见的糖尿病并发症有糖尿病引起的肾脏病变、眼睛病变、神经系统病变、心血管病变、脂肪肝等。
糖尿病肾病是糖尿病病人最重要的合并症之一。我国的发病率亦呈上升趋势,目前已成为终末期肾脏病的第二位原因,仅次于各种肾小球肾炎。由于其存在复杂的代谢紊乱,一旦发展到终末期肾脏病,往往比其他肾脏疾病的治疗更加棘手,因此及时防治对于延缓糖尿病肾病的意义重大。
糖尿病又称为消渴病,中医认为其成因多由于过食肥甘,饮食不节,先天不足,素体阴亏,或恣情纵欲,情志失调,或劳伤过度而致阴津亏耗,燥热则更损阴津,二者互为因果。肝以血为体,以气为用,肝主疏泄,调节人体生理机能,肝气疏泄,则心情舒畅,气血平和,若情志抑郁或大怒伤肝,郁而化火,则灼津伤液,内脏功能紊乱,从而导致糖尿病。防治糖尿病关键在于保持血糖平稳及对其并发症的控制。控制血糖的方法不是简单的治疗,更不是单纯的药物治疗,而是根据世界卫生组织(WHO)提出控制糖尿病的五项措施,即饮食控制、运动疗法、药物治疗、糖尿病教育、血糖监测来综合防治。其中,药物治疗是控血糖的关键。化学降糖药物虽然一定程度上能控制高血糖,但由于其本身的毒副作用,对人体的肝、肾、心、脑等器官造成严重的损害,加重并发症的发展。中医治疗糖尿病则讲究全身调理,标本兼顾,是其优势但往往见效慢。
发明内容
为了克服现有糖尿病化学治疗药物毒副作用大,糖尿病治疗效果难以持续的现有技术不足,本发明提供了一种治疗糖尿病肾病的中药组合物,该中药组合物对于糖尿病肾病的临床疗效好,副作用小,它主要由以下原料制得:党参10-50份,白花蛇舌草10-20份,蛇床子5-20份,半枝莲5-15份,黄芪5-15份,泽泻1-10份,大蓟5-15份,马齿苋9-15份,远志9-15份,茯苓5-15份,百合1.5-9份,甘草5.5-15份。
上述所述的中药均取其常用的入药部位入药。本发明对上述诸味中药的重量份数进行了优选,优选的条件是中药配伍使用后药物对糖尿病肾病治疗效果的增强。优选地,本发明中药组合物主要由以下重量份的原料制得:党参30份,白花蛇舌草15份,蛇床子15份,半枝莲10份,黄芪12份,泽泻7份,大蓟12份,马齿苋13份,远志14份,茯苓10份,百合5份,甘草11份。
优选地,本发明上述中药组合物还可以进一步含有川芎7份,荷叶5份,白术9份。上述三种组分可以进一步增强中药组合物对糖尿病肾病病人的降糖效果和肾脏保护作用。
本发明的中药组合物可以制备成临床上常用的剂型。比如,粉状制剂、散剂、丸剂、丹剂、膏剂、颗粒剂、口服液、糖浆、片剂、胶囊剂等制剂。优选地,本发明中药组合物按照常规制备工艺制备成散剂、水剂、片剂或胶囊剂。
本发明还提供了一种上述所述中药组合物的制备方法,其主要包含下述步骤:取处方量上述中药材碎成粗粉,按照粗粉总重量的4~9倍加入体积浓度为40%~95%的乙醇溶液,回流提取三次,回流时间为2~5h,滤过,滤液回收乙醇,冷却过滤,用水洗涤,干燥后即得中药浸膏;本领域技术人员可在该制备方法技术上制备得到临床上常用中药药物剂型,如片剂、胶囊剂等。
本发明还请求保护上述中药组合物在制备治疗糖尿病药物中的用途。本发明药效实施例19显示,本发明中药组合物中药物成分在糖尿病治疗中存在显著的协同作用,其与阳性对照药二甲双胍相比,不仅可以显著降低空腹血糖和餐后2h血糖,而且能够显著降低糖化血红蛋白和尿微量蛋白。这表明本发明中药组合物在糖尿病治疗中不仅能够显著改善糖尿病的症状,还能延缓糖尿病的发展,减少并发症的发生。
总之,本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优势:
1)与阳性对照药二甲双胍相比,本发明药物组合物中药物成分不仅在降低空腹血糖和餐后2h血糖方面更为显著,而且在降低糖化血红蛋白和尿微量蛋白方面也显著优于阳性药物,这表明本发明组合物在糖尿病治疗中具有显著的协同作用,不仅能够显著改善糖尿病的症状,还能延缓糖尿病的发展,减少并发症的发生。
2)与当前治疗糖尿病的化学治疗药物相比,本发明中药组合物为天然纯中药制剂,不良反应和副作用显著降低,且本发明中药组合物作用全面,药物治疗效果更佳,显著提高了糖尿病患者的用药依从性,并提高了患者的生活质量。
3)现有的糖尿病治疗药物在糖尿病初期治疗效果尚可,但随着治疗时间的延长均出现明显的药物耐受问题,糖尿病的治疗效果下降。本发明中药组合物中含有多种药物组分,作用靶点众多,有效地解决了糖尿病治疗药物的耐受问题,其对糖尿病的治疗效果不因治疗时间延长而下降。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例进一步描述本发明,本发明不仅仅限于以下实施例。在本发明的范围内或者在不脱离本发明的内容、精神和范围内,对本发明进行的变更、组合或替换,对于本领域的技术人员来说是显而易见的,且包含在本发明的范围之内。
第一部分本发明中药组合物制剂、制备及其使用方法
实施例1-6中药组合物散剂
表1 本发明中药组合物散剂处方
实施例1制备方法:取组合物中各药材,按照常规工艺研磨成粉状,过100目筛,小火烘干备用,即得散剂。使用时,用水溶解后直接冲服。实施例2-6制备方法同实施例1。
实施例7-12中药组合物水剂
表2 本发明中药组合物水剂处方
实施例7制备方法:取处方中各药材,按照常规中药煎煮工艺操作,滤除药渣即得。该水剂(或称汤剂)用于糖尿病治疗时,每日服用2-3次。实施例8-12制备方法和使用方法同实施例7。
实施例13-18本发明中药组合物片剂/胶囊剂
表3 本发明中药组合物片剂/胶囊剂处方
实施例13制备工艺:取处方量的各中药材粉碎成粗粉,按照粗粉总重量的5倍加入体积浓度为80%的乙醇溶液,回流提取三次,回流时间每次3h,滤过,滤液回收乙醇,冷却过滤,用水洗涤,干燥后即得中药浸膏;将中药浸膏经干燥、粉碎制成干膏粉,加入常规辅料成分利用现有技术制备成片剂或胶囊剂。实施例14-18制备工艺同实施例13。
第二部分本发明中药组合物药效学研究
实施例19:本发明中药组合物对链脲霉素致糖尿病大鼠模型的治疗作用
1、实验性糖尿病动物模型制备
体重160~180gWistar大鼠,雌雄各半,先喂以高脂高糖饲料(蛋白选质5%、碳水化合物60%其中蔗糖为30%、脂肪32%其中炼猪油为30%)4周后,大鼠禁食18h。腹腔注射0.6%链脲霉素(STZ)30mg/kg,STZ溶于pH4.0,0.1mol/L柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲液中,每次药量在10min内用完。空白组大鼠腹腔注射等体积柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲液,正常饲养。5天后断尾取血测全血糖,以血糖值水平>10.0mmol/L者为造模成功。
2、实验分组及给药
将造模成功大鼠按照血糖水平随机分为模型对照组,二甲双胍组,中药组合物A组,中药组合物B组,中药组合物C组,中药组合物D组共6组,每组10只。各组分别给予下述治疗药物:
模型对照组:灌胃给予等体积生理盐水;
二甲双胍组:灌胃给予二甲双胍2.5mg/kg·d;
中药A组:灌胃给予实施例1制备的生药量为1g/kg·d的中药组合物散剂;
中药B组:灌胃给予实施例7制备的生药量为3g/kg·d的中药组合物水剂;
中药C组:灌胃给予实施例13制备的生药量为3g/kg·d的中药组合物片剂;
中药D组:灌胃给予实施例18制备的生药量为10g/kg·d中药组合物胶囊剂
上述给药组每天给药一次,连续10周。采血测定空腹血糖、进食后2h血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)以及尿微量蛋白。
3、指标测定
3.1血糖的测定:将造模成功大鼠随机分组后,按剂量灌胃给药,连续10周,正常饲养。所有大鼠分别于治疗前和治疗后4周内每周取尾静脉血检测空腹血糖(FBG),进食后2h血糖(PBG)。将取出的血样放入蛋白沉淀剂中,室温放置7min后,离心5min(3000r/min),取上清液,用葡萄糖氧化酶法测全血糖。
3.2糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)的测定:末次给药后(分组,给药同血糖测定)禁食12h,乙醚麻醉,眼眶取血,按试剂盒内说明书测定HbAlc。
3.3尿中微量清蛋白的测定:
试剂:a、10%(v/v)的冰醋酸溶液(PH2.8)。
b、0.303mol/L甘氨酸-冰醋酸缓冲液(PH3.0):称取22.72g甘氨酸,用10%冰醋酸溶液稀释成1000ml,加NaN3100mg,室温密封可稳定1年。
c、溴酚蓝(1.924mmol/L)贮存液:精确称取257、36mgBPB,用无水乙醇溶至200ml,4℃冰箱可稳定1年。
d、溴酚蓝(0.231mmol/L)显色剂:取60mlBPB贮存液,加入2.5mlTriton X-100,用甘氨酸-冰醋酸缓冲液稀释至500ml,室温密封可保存1年。
标本的采集和检测:于第1、3、7和10周将大鼠分别放于代谢笼中饲养,收集隔夜12小时尿,准确记录尿量。取4ml,叠氮钠处理后,离心(2000r/min)10min,取上清液置-20℃冰箱保存待测尿白蛋白。取相应浓度的白蛋白标准液400于对应的杯内,各加200显色剂,混匀(防止产生气泡),用紫外分光光度计,于600nm下测定吸光度A。
4、实验结果与讨论
4.1本发明中药组合物糖尿病大鼠血糖的影响
表4 本发明中药组合物对糖尿病大鼠空腹血糖和进食后2h血糖的影响
*与模型组比较,P<0.05,**与模型组比较,P<0.01;
#与二甲双胍组比较,P<0.05,##与二甲双胍组比较,P<0.01。
上述实验结果表明,中药组合物与二甲双胍相比在降低空腹血糖和餐后2h血糖方面效果更佳。具体表现为:
1)无论是空腹血糖还是餐后2h血糖,二甲双胍组和中药A、B、C、D组与模型组比较都有显著性差异,中药组与模型组比较有极显著差异。
2)与二甲双胍组相比,中药各组在降低空腹血糖方面有极显著性差异。
3)与二甲双胍组相比,中药A、B、C组在在降低餐后2h血糖方面有显著性差异,中药D二甲双胍组相比有显著性差异
4.2本发明中药组合物对糖尿病大鼠糖化血红蛋白的影响
表5 本发明中药组合物对糖尿病大鼠HbAlc的影响
*与模型组比较,P<0.05,**与模型组比较,P<0.01;
#与二甲双胍组比较,P<0.05,##与二甲双胍组比较,P<0.01。
实验结果显示,中药组合物与二甲双胍组相比在降低糖化血红蛋白方面效果更佳,中药组合物各成分间具有显著协同作用。具体表现为:
1)与模型对照组相比,二甲双胍组治疗后的糖化血红蛋白无统计学差异,中药各组的糖化血红蛋白含量均有显著性差异。
2)与模型对照组相比,中药各组的糖化血红蛋白含量均有显著性差异,其中中药C组和中药D组具有极显著性差异。
4.3本发明中药组合物糖尿病大鼠尿微量白蛋白的影响
表6 本发明中药组合物对糖尿病大鼠尿微量白蛋白的影响
| 组别 | n | 吸光度A(600nm) |
| 模型对照组 | 10 | 0.6841±0.057 |
| 二甲双胍组 | 10 | 0.5496±0.102* |
| 中药A组 | 10 | 0.5144±0.301* |
| 中药B组 | 10 | 0.5037±0.124**# |
| 中药C组 | 10 | 0.4867±0.187**# |
| 中药D组 | 10 | 0.4201±0.155**## |
*与模型组比较,P<0.05,**与模型组比较,P<0.01;
#与二甲双胍组比较,P<0.05,##与二甲双胍组比较,P<0.01。
实验结果显示,本发明的中药组合物在影响糖尿病大鼠尿微量白蛋白方面有很好的协同作用,其治疗效果显著优于阳性对照药二甲双胍组。这表明中药组合物在延缓糖尿病病情发展、减少糖尿病并发症方面具有突出的治疗优势。具体表现在:
1)与模型组相比,二甲双胍组和中药各组的尿微量蛋白含量均有显著性差异,其中中药各组具有极显著性差异。
2)与二甲双胍组相比,中药B、C、D组的尿微量蛋白含量具有显著性差异。
Claims (7)
1.一种治疗糖尿病肾病的中药组合物,其特征在于它主要由以下重量份的原料制得:党参10-50份,白花蛇舌草10-20份,蛇床子5-20份,半枝莲5-15份,黄芪5-15份,泽泻1-10份,大蓟5-15份,马齿苋9-15份,远志9-15份,茯苓5-15份,百合1.5-9份,甘草5.5-15份。
2.如权利要求2所述的中药组合物,其特征在于它还含有如下重量份的原料:川芎7份,荷叶5份和白术9份。
3.如权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于它主要由以下重量份的原料制得:党参30份,白花蛇舌草15份,蛇床子15份,半枝莲10份,黄芪12份,泽泻7份,大蓟12份,马齿苋13份,远志14份,茯苓10份,百合5份,甘草11份。
4.如权利要求2所述的中药组合物,其特征在于它还含有如下重量份的原料:川芎7份,荷叶5份和白术9份。
5.如权利要求1-4任一所述的中药组合物,其特征在于它是散剂、水剂、片剂或胶囊剂。
6.一种制备如权利要求5所述的中药组合物的方法,其特征在于它包括以下步骤::取处方量上述中药材碎成粗粉,按照粗粉总重量的4~9倍加入体积浓度为40%~95%的乙醇溶液,回流提取三次,回流时间为2~5h,滤过,滤液回收乙醇,冷却过滤,用水洗涤,干燥后即得中药浸膏。
7.如权利要求1-4任一所述的中药组合物在制备治疗糖尿病肾病药物中用途。
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