CN104352498A - 肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素c和甲氨喋呤的双药制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素c和甲氨喋呤的双药制剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN104352498A
CN104352498A CN201410533894.0A CN201410533894A CN104352498A CN 104352498 A CN104352498 A CN 104352498A CN 201410533894 A CN201410533894 A CN 201410533894A CN 104352498 A CN104352498 A CN 104352498A
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methotrexate
lecithin
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侯振清
蔺金燕
侯鲁
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XIAMEN CHITOSAN BIO-TECH Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及医药类抗肿瘤药物制剂领域,特别是涉及一种防止恶性肿瘤生长和复发的肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤的双药制剂及其制备方法。本发明的肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤的双药制剂包括原料药丝裂霉素C、载体材料以及兼备靶向和抗癌作用的MTX前药,所述载体材料为卵磷脂,二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇(DSPE-PEG),所述的MTX前药为DSPE-PEG-MTX。本发明的肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤的双药制剂为球形,粒径在20-80nm之间分布,适合作为静脉注射制剂,具有靶向性强、长循环、低毒性和协同治疗的特点。

Description

肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤的双药制剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及医药类抗肿瘤药物制剂领域,特别是涉及一种防止恶性肿瘤生长和复发的肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤的双药制剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
丝裂霉素C(Mitomycin C,MMC),Mr 334.37,氮丙啶类衍生物,是一种从放线菌Streptomyces caespitosus的培养液中分离得到的抗肿瘤抗生素,属细胞周期非特异性抗肿瘤药,抗瘤谱广。其作用机制为:MMC分子中具有烷化功能的氨甲酰基与氮丙啶官能团在一定情况下被激活后,成为不同的解离状态。激活态的MMC的主要作用为使互补的DNA双键之间形成交联,从而抑制肿瘤细胞的DNA的复制与合成,而不是直接影响RNA。丝裂霉素C和DNA结合时,大部分只和其中的一条链结合,一部分形成交联而阻碍了DNA双链的拆开,同时也引起单链断裂,所以丝裂霉素对肿瘤细胞的作用部位是细胞核。
MMC临床用于治疗消化道癌、肺癌、肝癌、乳腺癌等多种肿瘤。但其具有全身毒性,特别是持久的骨髓抑制,白细胞和血小板减少、恶心、呕吐、腹泻、胃炎、皮炎发热和不适等亦有发生,并可引起溶血性尿毒综合症(HUS)。目前市场使用的MMC制剂有粉针剂、片剂、微胶囊剂等。徐英宏等还将丝裂霉素制成栓剂用于治疗直肠癌和结肠癌,但是这些传统剂型常常因为毒副作用大,或患者不能耐受而被迫停药。
甲氨喋呤(MTX)是一种叶酸类抗代谢药剂,能与肿瘤细胞表面的叶酸受体进行结合起到很好的靶向作用,常用于各种恶性肿瘤治疗,也是常用的抗风湿药物。MTX在药用上也有许多不利之处,本品可增加肝肾功能毒性,由于药物作用机理是作用部位是肿瘤细胞的细胞质而非细胞核,通过对二氢叶酸还原酶的抑制而达到阻碍肿瘤细胞DNA的合成,所以对正常的生物细胞也有药物作用,毒副作用较大。
临床上医生为了减少剂量和减少副作用常常把作用部位不同的两种以上的抗肿瘤药物联合,如将丝裂霉素与甲氨喋呤的联合用药常常比单独用药效果好,并且不容易产生抗药性。但临床上单纯的联合用药只能一定程度上减轻药物的毒副作用,而无法使药物发挥一定的缓释和靶向作用。
申请号为:201410181451.X的中国发明专利公开了一种甲氨喋呤前药及其胶束制剂和制备方法,利用柔性分子载体(DSPE-PEG-NH2)与MTX化学健合形成MTX前药,然后进一步制成胶束制剂。
虽然,前者的两种发明专利的产品可以达到靶向缓释治疗肿瘤的效果,但是单独应用时剂量较大,并且没有双药或多药协调治疗效果。
发明内容
为解决上述现有技术中存在的问题,本发明提供一种使肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤双药协调作用,具有缓释和靶向作用的肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤的双药制剂及其制备方法。
本发明的技术方案为提供一种肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤的双药制剂,包括原料药丝裂霉素C、MTX前药和载体材料,所述载体材料包括卵磷脂和DSPE-PEG;所述丝裂霉素C与卵磷脂的摩尔比为:1:1-4;所述MTX前药为DSPE-PEG-MTX,所述MTX前药与DSPE-PEG的摩尔比为:1:0.5-5。
本发明的另一技术方案为提供一种上述肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤的双药制剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将丝裂霉素C和卵磷脂溶于有机溶剂A中,所述有机溶剂A为四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、乙醇或丙酮,40-60℃水浴反应2-6h,减压除去有机溶剂A,加入有机溶剂B洗涤,所述有机溶剂B为二氯甲烷或三氯甲烷,过滤收集溶液,溶液旋蒸干燥得丝裂霉素卵磷脂复合物;
(2)将丝裂霉素卵磷脂复合物、DSPE-PEG和MTX前药溶解于有机溶剂C中得混合溶液,所述MTX前药为DSPE-PEG-MTX,所述有机溶剂C为二甲基亚砜,二甲基甲酰胺或二甲基乙酰胺,向所述混合溶液中加入其质量2-3倍的去离子水,搅拌均匀后使用3500分子量的透析袋进行透析,得透析液;
(3)将所述透析液通过200nm微孔滤膜过滤,得到肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤的双药胶束溶液,冻干得到其纳米胶束制剂,所述纳米胶束制剂即为肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤的双药制剂。
本发明有益效果:本发明的肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤的双药制剂为球形,平均粒径为40nm左右,稳定性好,具有较好的缓释特性,细胞毒性试验证明其对比于丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤的单纯双药使用,具有更强的抑瘤作用,适合作为静脉注射制剂,具有靶向性强、长循环、低毒性和协同治疗的特点。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中的肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤双药制剂的纳米胶束的粒径分布和透射电镜图;
图2为本发明实施例中的肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤的双药制剂和纯药的释药对比图;
图3为本发明实施例中的肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤双药制剂在不同pH环境下主药丝裂霉素药物释放对比图。
具体实施方式
为详细说明本发明的技术内容、构造特征、所实现目的及效果,以下结合实施方式并配合附图详予说明。
本发明最关键的构思在于:提供一种肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤的双药递送系统,是一种以双亲性分子DSPE-PEG和MTX前药(DSPE-PEG-MTX)为载体形成的胶束制剂,其中主药是丝裂霉素C、其通过与卵磷脂形成脂溶性复合物存在于胶束的疏水性内核中,辅药兼靶向分子的甲氨喋呤通过酰胺键化学交联到PEG的亲水端形成胶束的亲水外壳。
本发明实施例中使用的MTX前药可为申请号为:201410181451.X的中国发明专利中公开的MTX-DSPE-PEG。其制备方法可为:1)将DSPE-PEG-NH2溶于有机溶剂中,得溶液A;MTX溶于DMSO水溶液中,得到溶液B;在溶液B中加入TEA和交联剂,所述交联剂为DCC和NHS,将溶液A、B混合,在氮气保护下反应12h,得到溶液C;2)将步骤1)所得溶液C依次置于磷酸盐缓冲液和去离子水中透析去除杂质,透析液冻干得到MTX-PEG-DSPE化合物冻干品;3)将步骤2所得MTX-PEG-DSPE化合物冻干品用有机溶剂溶解,去除有机溶剂杂质后冻干,消毒得MTX前药。
实例1
秤取大豆卵磷脂、丝裂霉素(摩尔比为:4:1),置于圆底烧杯中,加入适量四氢呋喃溶解,40℃水浴反应4h,减压除去反应溶剂四氢呋喃,再加入适量的三氯甲烷洗涤,过滤收集溶液,旋蒸干燥得紫色的粘稠状物质,即为丝裂霉素卵磷脂复合物;
将丝裂霉素卵磷脂复合物、DSPE-PEG以及MTX前药溶解于二甲基亚砜中,加入2倍的去离子水,搅拌均匀后使用3500分子量的透析袋进行透析;
透析8h后,使用200nm的微孔滤膜将透析液进行过滤,得到肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤双药制剂的胶束溶液,冻干得到其纳米胶束制剂。利用本法制备的制剂载药量丝裂霉素为8%,甲氨喋呤为2%,平均粒径为50nm。
实例2
秤取大豆卵磷脂300.0mg、丝裂霉素102.8mg(摩尔比为:3:1),置于圆底烧杯中,加入适量四氢呋喃溶解,40℃水浴反应4h,减压除去反应溶剂四氢呋喃,再加入适量的二氯甲烷洗涤,过滤收集溶液,旋蒸干燥得紫色的粘稠状物质,即为丝裂霉素卵磷脂复合物;
将丝裂霉素卵磷脂复合物、DSPE-PEG以及MTX前药溶解于二甲基甲酰胺中,加入2倍的去离子水,搅拌均匀后使用3500分子量的透析袋进行透析;
透析6h后,使用200nm的微孔滤膜将透析液进行过滤,得到肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤双药制剂的胶束溶液,冻干得到其纳米胶束制剂。利用本法制备的制剂载药量丝裂霉素为10%,甲氨喋呤为2%,平均粒径为45nm。
实例3
秤取大豆卵磷脂200.0mg、丝裂霉素102.8mg(摩尔比为:2:1),置于圆底烧杯中,加入适量四氢呋喃溶解,50℃水浴反应3h,减压除去反应溶剂四氢呋喃,再加入适量的二氯甲烷洗涤,过滤收集溶液,旋蒸干燥得紫色的粘稠状物质,即为丝裂霉素卵磷脂复合物;
将裂霉素卵磷脂复合物、DSPE-PEG以及MTX前药溶解于二甲基甲酰胺中,加入3倍的去离子水,搅拌均匀后使用3500分子量的透析袋进行透析;
透析8h后,使用200nm的微孔滤膜将透析液进行过滤,得到肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤双药制剂的胶束溶液,冻干得到其纳米胶束制剂。利用本法制备的制剂载药量丝裂霉素为10%,甲氨喋呤为3%,平均粒径为40nm。
实例4
秤取大豆卵磷脂100mg、丝裂霉素102.8mg,置于圆底烧杯中,加入适量四氢呋喃溶解,40℃水浴反应4h,减压除去反应溶剂四氢呋喃,再加入适量的二氯甲烷洗涤,过滤收集溶液,旋蒸干燥得紫色的粘稠状物质,即为丝裂霉素卵磷脂复合物;
将裂霉素卵磷脂复合物、DSPE-PEG以及MTX前药溶解于二甲基甲亚砜中,加入3倍的去离子水,搅拌均匀后使用3500分子量的透析袋进行透析;
透析8h后,使用200nm的微孔滤膜将透析液进行过滤,得到肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤双药胶束溶液,冻干得到其纳米胶束制剂。利用本法制备的制剂载药量丝裂霉素为12%,甲氨喋呤为3%,平均粒径为40nm。
请参阅图1、图2和图3,利用本发明上方法制备的肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤的双药纳米胶束制剂,胶束形状为球形,粒径在20-80nm之间分布,平均粒径为40nm左右,图1为肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤的双药制剂的纳米胶束的粒径分布和透射电镜图,图1中a为粒径分布和透射电镜图,b为Zeta电位分布图,由Zeta电位分布图可以看出双药纳米胶束的电位为-30mV左右。
图2为肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤双药纳米胶束制剂中主药丝裂霉素C在pH7.4环境中与纯药丝裂霉素和双纯药对比释放情况,其中A为丝裂霉素C单纯药,B为丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤双纯药,C为双药纳米胶束制剂。
图3为肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤双药纳米胶束制剂在不同pH环境下的主药丝裂霉素药物释放图:(A)为pH5.5条件下的丝裂霉素药物释放曲线;(B)为pH7.4条件下丝裂霉素药物释放曲线。
肿瘤细胞毒性试验结果显示,丝裂霉素C浓度为2μg/mL,培养时间24h的条件下,肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤双药制剂对宫颈癌细胞的细胞毒性为丝裂霉素和甲氨喋呤双药试剂的1.5倍。
综上,本发明肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤的双药纳米胶束制剂为球形,平均粒径为40nm左右,稳定性好,具有较好的缓释特性;细胞毒性试验表明肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤的双药制剂具有较强的抑瘤作用。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围,凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换,或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域,均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (7)

1.一种肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤的双药制剂,其特征在于,包括原料药丝裂霉素C、MTX前药和载体材料,所述载体材料包括卵磷脂和DSPE-PEG;所述丝裂霉素C与卵磷脂的摩尔比为:1:1-4;所述MTX前药为DSPE-PEG-MTX,所述MTX前药与DSPE-PEG的摩尔比为:1:0.5-5。
2.根据权利要求1所述的肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤的双药制剂,其特征在于,所述卵磷脂为蛋黄卵磷脂或大豆卵磷脂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤的双药制剂,其特征在于,其特征在于,所述DSPE-PEG-MTX是由DSPE-PEG-NH2和MTX经过酰胺健化学交联获得。
4.一种肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤的双药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将丝裂霉素C和卵磷脂溶于有机溶剂A中,所述有机溶剂A为四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、乙醇或丙酮,40-60℃水浴反应2-6h,减压除去有机溶剂A,加入有机溶剂B洗涤,所述有机溶剂B为二氯甲烷或三氯甲烷,过滤收集溶液,溶液旋蒸干燥得丝裂霉素卵磷脂复合物;
(2)将丝裂霉素卵磷脂复合物、DSPE-PEG和MTX前药溶解于有机溶剂C中得混合溶液,所述MTX前药为DSPE-PEG-MTX,所述有机溶剂C为二甲基亚砜,二甲基甲酰胺或二甲基乙酰胺,向所述混合溶液中加入其质量2-3倍的去离子水,搅拌均匀后使用3500分子量的透析袋进行透析,得透析液;
(3)将所述透析液通过200nm微孔滤膜过滤,得到肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤的双药胶束溶液,冻干得到其纳米胶束制剂,所述纳米胶束制剂即为肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤的双药制剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤的双药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述丝裂霉素C与卵磷脂的摩尔比为:1:1-4。
6.根据权利要求4所述的肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤的双药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中MTX前药与DSPE-PEG的摩尔比:1:0.5-5。
7.根据权利要求4所述的肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤的双药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤为:
(1)将丝裂霉素C和大豆卵磷脂溶于四氢呋喃中,所述丝裂霉素C与大豆卵磷脂的摩尔比为:1:1,40℃水浴反应4h,减压除去反应溶剂四氢呋喃,加入二氯甲烷洗涤,过滤收集溶液,溶液旋蒸干燥得丝裂霉素卵磷脂复合物;
(2)将丝裂霉素卵磷脂复合物、DSPE-PEG和DSPE-PEG-MTX溶解于二甲基亚砜中得混合溶液,向所述混合溶液中加入其质量3倍的去离子水,搅拌均匀后使用3500分子量的透析袋进行透析,透析8h后得透析液;
(3)使用200nm的微孔滤膜将所述透析液进行过滤,得到肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤的双药胶束溶液,冻干得到其纳米胶束制剂,所述纳米胶束制剂即为肿瘤靶向丝裂霉素C和甲氨喋呤的双药制剂。
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CN108014346A (zh) * 2018-01-29 2018-05-11 厦门大学 一种甲氨蝶呤前药及其双靶向纳米粒子的制备方法
CN109045272A (zh) * 2018-08-01 2018-12-21 厦门市壳聚糖生物科技有限公司 一种硼替佐米磷脂复合物及其制备方法与应用
CN110063962A (zh) * 2019-04-24 2019-07-30 厦门大学 一种氯法拉滨甲氨蝶呤双药制剂及其制备方法
CN110934875A (zh) * 2019-12-20 2020-03-31 厦门大学 一种5-氟尿嘧啶甲氨蝶呤双药制剂及其制备方法

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