CN104326820A - Integrated special fertilizer for facility cultivation system as well as preparation method and application of integrated special fertilizer - Google Patents
Integrated special fertilizer for facility cultivation system as well as preparation method and application of integrated special fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN104326820A CN104326820A CN201410578919.9A CN201410578919A CN104326820A CN 104326820 A CN104326820 A CN 104326820A CN 201410578919 A CN201410578919 A CN 201410578919A CN 104326820 A CN104326820 A CN 104326820A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of agricultural and ecological environment and particularly relates to an integrated special fertilizer for facility cultivation system as well as a preparation method and an application of the integrated special fertilizer. The raw materials of the special fertilizer comprise an inorganic chemical fertilizer, a polyvinyl formal aqueous solution and soft open-cell foamed plastics, wherein the inorganic chemical fertilizer is one or more of urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride or potassium sulfate and medium trace elements. The integrated special fertilizer for facility cultivation system provided by the invention is a special solid concentrated fertilizer which is balanced in nutrients, slowly dissolved and coupled in water and fertilizer, and capable of improving the utilization efficiency of chemical fertilizers, the sustainable production capacity of the vegetable fields or cultivation media, and the yield and the quality of the vegetables.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural, ecotope field, be specifically related to a kind of facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral special fertilizer, preparation method and application.
Background technology
China's cultivated land resource is nervous, and plough and approached 1,800,000,000 mu of red lines, increases in grain production pressure increases day by day.Facility cultivation mode, while guaranteeing that " vegetable basket " is sufficient, is not competed soil with grain-production, thus is widely applied and promotes.Facility cultivation, especially vegetables in day-light greenhouse is cultivated to have become in China's agriculture production and is uplifted the people's living standard and growth of agricultural efficiency, increasing peasant income indispensable important component part.
The investigation result display of whole nation vegetables in day-light greenhouse cultivation rich water utilization power and farmland quality situation, under heliogreenhouse condition, in order to pursue high benefit, peasant blindly drops on the production means, comparatively common vegetable field exceeds 5-10 doubly, thus causes that fertilizer, water, medicine resource are wasted in a large number, contaminate environment.Meanwhile, the phenomenon that farmland quality is degenerated, agricultural product quality declines also is on the rise.It is as follows that vegetables in day-light greenhouse cultivates main Problems existing:
(1) blindly increase irrigation quantity, cause the waste of water resources.
(2) blindly strengthen rate of fertilizer application (chemical fertilizer mostly is processable chemical fertilizer and some punching fertilisings), Application Ratio is lacked of proper care, and N, P ratio is higher and soil nutrient is unbalance.Cause salinity in soil obviously to accumulate thus, degree of salinity obviously increases the weight of.And heliogreenhouse Planting Years is longer, and salt accumulation is more serious, cause the Heterogenization of protected horticultural vegetable field soil fertility, utilization rate of fertilizer reduces the utilization ratio of the N (only about 25%), Soil Environmental Pollution.
(3) empirical, blindness is applied fertilizer especially inorganic nitrogenous fertilizer, makes that soil or cultivation matrix physico-chemical property become bad, solution nutrient density increases, and exacerbates the degree of facilities vegetable continuous cropping obstacle, soil microflora imbalance and secondary salinization further.Due to physiological barrier, continuous cropping obstacle and secondary salinization, in vegetables body, nitrate accumulates in a large number, causes facilities vegetable yield and quality to decline.
(4) pesticide dosage increases, and pollution of agricultural products is serious.Because irrigation quantity is excessive, heliogreenhouse humidity is increased, the soil moisture is difficult to regulation and control, causes disease and pest to take place frequently, as trialeurodes vaporariorum, aphid, oidium, virus disease etc.For ensureing the vegetables not underproduction because of the harm of disease and pest, blindly certainly will strengthen dose, even using the height poison of country's forbidding, the disease medicine of high residue and sterilant, not only causing soil and vegetable pesticide residue to increase the weight of, and jeopardize the healthy of people.
(5) blindly increase input, Relative system error reduces.For irrigating, applying fertilizer, the input of dispenser account for that greenhouse production always drops into more than 30%.
Due under general working condition, irrigation and fertilising two operations independently carry out, this not only increases work operation and the amount of labour used, and cause fertilising and being separated and dislocation of pouring water, the absorption of liquid manure cannot synchronously be carried out, nutrient and moisture coupling effect can not obtain timely and effective performance, cause water and fertilizer utilization to decline.Long-term continuous cropping and inorganic fertilizer and chemical pesticide is excessive uses, the reduction of soil fertility and microbial diversity, to become again the major issue that Vegetable produce sustainable development faces from the accumulation, soil acidification etc. of toxin and soil-borne disease, seriously govern the development of establishment planting technology.
The Integration of Water into Fertilizer suits measures to local conditions to formulate irrigation, fertilizer applications, emphasizes the collaborative reciprocal effects of the large factor of liquid manure two.In irrigation quantity, rate of fertilizer application and irrigation, fertilization time control etc., all reach very high precision, water, fertile utilising efficiency can be increased substantially, and according to the demand rule of crop to liquid manure, quantitative accurate supply can be realized at different growth stage.Not only coordinate and meet supply plant growth to the demand of liquid manure, improving agricultural output, and solve nutrient enrichment and salinification problem preferably.Simultaneously, blend nutrient removal leaching loss, underground water and Soil Environmental Pollution under the moisture that obvious control causes due to blindness excessive fertilization, reduce pesticide residual contamination, effectively improve farmland ecological environment, improve shortage of water resources situation, significant to promotion agricultural sustainable development.
The application of the Integration of Water into Fertilizer, the selection of chemical fundamentals fertilizer is crucial, water-soluble, inclusion-free of demanding perfection.Water-fertilizer integral faced greatest problem in the past: one is that base fertilizer belongs to chemical salt, there is the insoluble state of water of crystallization, precipitation, major cause is that nitrate fertilizer is few, for US and European, in Fertilizer application, the ratio of nitric nitrogen accounts for greatly more than 30% of total nitrogen ratio, and China is then less than 1%.Quick-acting, solubleness height are large features of nitrate fertilizer, if leave nitrate fertilizer, to prepare full Water soluble fertilizer be almost impossible.Two is that agrochemical purity is low, the insoluble impurity of water is high, often causes drip irrigation zone (pipe) drip irrigation hole plug, destroys whole drip irrigation system.
Along with the development of technology; China's agricultural is in Derived from Agricultural Modernization; for accelerating to realize agricultural modernization; country is wideling popularize large-scale planting and water-fertilizer integral at present; dropping into substantial contribution guides agricultural to install drip irrigation facility; especially northwest drought area short of rain, facility cultivation development quickly.The fast development of drip irrigation facility, objectively require that Water soluble fertilizer is inexpensive, peasant household will afford to use.
The potassium element raw material of production macroelement Water soluble fertilizer current is at present mainly derived from potassium primary phosphate and saltpetre, other raw materials are urea, monoammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, chelated microelements, various raw material is blended into and carries out together stirring and get final product, and far supporting country can not promote water-fertilizer integral to the requirement of Water soluble fertilizer.Existing production technology potash fertilizer main source potassium primary phosphate and saltpetre, due to expensive, cause Water soluble fertilizer to hold at high price.Import Water soluble fertilizer price is generally at about 30,000 yuan per ton, domestic also at 20,000 yuan per ton, only uses on the cash crop that economic worth is higher at present, or for foliage fertilizer.Be subject to the restriction of macroelement Water soluble fertilizer raw material and production method, solid, powdery Water soluble fertilizer is expensive, cannot large-scale promotion, the needs that country promotes water-fertilizer integral can not be adapted to, and common compound (mixing) fertile potash fertilizer is mainly derived from agricultural potassium chloride or potassium sulfate, solubleness is low, containing mechanical impurity, cannot meet the technical requirements of current drip irrigation facility water-fertilizer integral.
For this reason, to need a kind of facility cultivation that can be applied to, commercial, nutrient equilibrium, by factorial praluction, cheap, adapt with current advanced irrigation (drip irrigation) system, the environmental facility cultivation system dedicated fertilizer of the Integration of Water into Fertilizer requirement can be realized, the full water-soluble fertilizer of full substitution or nutrient fluid cultivation, reach and only drip clear water in vegetable crop time of infertility, pass through water and fertilization conditions, realize the facility cultivation production model meeting eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable crop uptake characters, balanced nutritious, reduce rate of fertilizer application, improve chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, alleviate a series of comparatively serious problems that current facility cultivation system exists.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral special fertilizer, preparation method and application.
For realizing object of the present invention, the technical scheme that concrete employing is following: a kind of facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral special fertilizer, raw material consists of agricultural inorganic chemical fertilizer, polyvinyl formal solution, soft open-cell foamed plastics.
In the present invention, described agricultural inorganic chemical fertilizer comprises urea, monoammonium phosphate, Repone K (potassium sulfate) and medium trace element.Described medium trace element is one or more in the amino-acid chelate of nitrocalcite, magnesium sulfate, manganous sulfate, zinc sulfate, boric acid, Sodium orthomolybdate, ammonium molybdate or its trace element.
In the present invention, described polyvinyl formal is water-soluble high-molecular material, in fertilizer body, form reticulated structure, mainly plays binding agent effect, and the fertilizer of resistance limit simultaneously dissolves, and plays the effect of slowly-releasing.Polyvinyl formal consumption depends on the consumption of urea.
In the present invention, described open-cell foamed plastics is soft, perforate, low-density sponge body, and density is 15-18kg/m
3.In facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral dedicated fertilizer, play the effect of support frame, make its product be easy to be shaped and quantitatively segmentation, be convenient to storage, transport and use.
Facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral dedicated fertilizer of the present invention is a kind of slow-release fertilizer containing macroelement (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) and middle and trace element.Under the effect of dripping (micro-) filling clear water, slowly dissolving, Releasing nutrient absorb for crop, and fertilizer nutrient utilization can reach 50-70%.
Concrete, facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral dedicated fertilizer of the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
With agricultural inorganic chemical fertilizer urea, monoammonium phosphate, Repone K or potassium sulfate and middle and trace element for raw material, being binding agent with polyvinyl formal, is that support frame prepares facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral dedicated fertilizer with open-cell foamed plastics.
More specifically, for eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable crop, described urea, monoammonium phosphate, Repone K or potassium sulfate press N:P
2o
5: K
2o=1:0.3-0.6:1.1-1.5 is composite, and the 1-2 ‰ that middle and trace element presses facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral special fertilizer N P and K total amount is composite, and the solid content of the polyvinylformal aqueous solution is 10%-15%, and consumption is the 5%-10% of urea quality.The density of soft open-cell foamed plastics is 15-18kg/m
3.
Water soluble solid concentrated fertilizer that the invention provides a kind of nutrient balance, that slowly dissolve, adopts the Integration of Water into Fertilizer, can improve Sustainable Production ability that is intensive vegetable filed or cultivation matrix, and joint is fertile, water saving, improves vegetable yields and quality.
Technical scheme of the present invention: a kind of preparation method of facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral dedicated fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
1, prepare polyvinyl formal solution first in a kettle., be then heated to 90-95 DEG C, then start slowly to add urea, until urea dissolves completely, obtain mixed slurry 1;
2, continuous heating, adds monoammonium phosphate, Repone K or potassium sulfate and middle and trace element respectively in mixed slurry 1, obtains mixed slurry 2, maintains slip 2 temperature 90-95 DEG C, makes mixed slurry 2 be in molten state;
3, mixed slurry 2 is squeezed in dashpot, continuous heating, maintaining groove temperature is 90-95 DEG C, open-cell foamed plastics is immersed in dashpot, after slip 2 to be mixed is full of the hole of open-cell foamed plastics, take out cooling, sizing and solidifying rapidly, quantitative stripping and slicing, obtains facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral dedicated fertilizer.
Concrete, the preparation method of the polyvinyl formal that the present invention selects preferably adopts following technical scheme:
(1) add water in a kettle., be warming up to 70-80 DEG C, slowly add polyvinyl alcohol, add-on is the 10%-15% of quality, is warming up to 90-95 DEG C, and polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved completely in water;
(2) make consoluet polyvinyl alcohol solution be down to 80-85 DEG C from temperature 90-95 DEG C, add the appropriate HCl aqueous solution, adjust ph is to 1.0-3.0; Add formaldehyde (36%-37%), add-on is the 4%-6% of quality, carries out condensation reaction 45-60min, then adds the appropriate NaOH aqueous solution, and adjust ph, to 7.0-7.5, obtains the polyvinyl formal solution that solid content is 10-15%.
Concrete, step 3 is for size, the shape of stripping and slicing, can adjust according to the proportioning of the density of open-cell foamed plastics, mineral manure and the composite factor such as consumption, concrete rate of fertilizer application, the present invention does not do concrete restriction to this, preferably, for eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable crop, stripping and slicing size is advisable with (2-6) cm × (2-6) cm × 2cm.
Technical scheme of the present invention: a kind of application method of facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral dedicated fertilizer be adopt openly to spread manuer in holes, drip irrigation clear water, water and fertilizer coupling integration fertilizing method.
According to the uptake characters of facility cultivation eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable crop and the fertility state of protected horticultural vegetable field soil or cultivation matrix, adopt the Integration of Water into Fertilizer, by facility irrigation system drip irrigation clear water, the needs of eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable crop growth in the time of infertility can be met, reach the effect of fat-reducing synergy.
The breeding cycle of eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable crop is roughly divided into germination period, Seedling Stage, initial bloom stage and fruiting period.In facility cultivation, bearing fruit to the 1st inflorescence from seedling replanting field planting, be generally about 40 days, being generally about 120-150 days from bearing fruit to all gather (also known as uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested).For the ease of joining fertile design, eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable is divided into two stages breeding time: seedling-flowering period (to sit to the 1st inflorescence fruit from buddingging and be called flowering period) and fruiting period (sitting to all gathering from the 1st inflorescence fruit).Nourishing and growing of eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable crop is gone forward side by side with reproductive growth, and the time is long, and output is high, and fertilizer requirement is large, the fertile but not resistance to fertilizer of happiness.Facility eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable output is generally 8000-12000kg/ mu and (or uses 666.7m
2represent).From seedling replanting field planting to whole results, eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable generally needs applied nitrogen (in N) 50-70kg/ mu, phosphate fertilizer (with P the time of infertility
2o
5meter) 20-30kg/ mu, potash fertilizer is (with K
2o counts) 55-75kg/ mu, N:P
2o
5: K
2o=1:0.3-0.6:1.1-1.5.Seedling to fertilizer requirement in flowering period accounts for the 20%-30% of fertilizer requirement whole breeding time, and fruiting period fertilizer requirement accounts for 70%-80%.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that concrete employing is following:
(1) by row along Wa Chang cave, spacing in the rows direction, drip irrigation zone is laid;
(2) apply in spacious cave by fertilizer stripping and slicing, stripping and slicing end face and cave mouth are in one plane;
(3) select drip irrigation zone flow to be 1.2-1.4L/h, the drip irrigation time is 3-6h/d, makes ground moistening degree of depth 30-40cm.
The drip irrigation zone adopted in fertilizing method of the present invention is the parts in conventional drip irrigation system.Conventional drip irrigation system comprises hydraulic-pressure regulating valve, water meter, Venturi differential pressure formula fertilizer spreading tank, screen cloth or laminated filter and drip irrigation zone etc.
Concrete, the cave mouth diameter in spacious cave described in step (1)
the dark 30-60mm in cave.
According to the uptake characters of facility cultivation eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable crop and the fertility state of protected horticultural vegetable field soil or cultivation matrix, step (2) is quantitative by the stripping and slicing of facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral dedicated fertilizer, gradation applies in spacious cave, and stripping and slicing end face and cave mouth are in one plane.
Preferably, the stripping and slicing of facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral dedicated fertilizer divides and applies for 3-5 time often in spacious cave.
The stripping and slicing of described facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral dedicated fertilizer, according to the regulation of fertilizer requirement of facility cultivation eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable crop growth in the time of infertility, selects eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable Special Fertilizers for Various Crops material stripping and slicing 2-3 kind product.
In fertilizing method of the present invention, step (1) is dug spacious cave, is laid drip irrigation zone after plant shoots survival after transplant delays seedling before covering with plastic film.
In fertilizing method of the present invention, step (1) in the Wa Chang cave, position of distance plant root 5-15cm, preferably in the Wa Chang cave, position of distance plant root 10cm.
Embody rule method is, Shang Wa cave, position by row along spacing in the rows direction, apart from plant root 10cm, laying drip irrigation zone (pipe), fertilizer stripping and slicing is applied in spacious cave, drip irrigation zone (pipe) drip irrigation hole in one plane, is placed on the central position of cave mouth or fertilizer stripping and slicing after each fertilising by stripping and slicing end face and cave mouth.According to the regulation of fertilizer requirement of facility cultivation eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable crop growth in the time of infertility, seedling accounts for the 20%-30% of total fertilization amount to the amount of imposing in flowering period, imposes 1 time, 1-2 block of at every turn often spreading manuer in holes; The fruiting period amount of imposing accounts for the 70%-80% of total fertilization amount, imposes 2-3 time; Each 1-3 block of often spreading manuer in holes.
The traditional definition of the Integration of Water into Fertilizer refers to and utilizes modern installations irrigation technique, by pressure irrigation system, soluble solids fertilizer or liquid fertilizer are made into solution together with irrigation water, regularly, quantitatively, certainty ratio, liquid manure is supplied simultaneously the technology of crop root soil.It is irrigated, fertilising once completes, and according to plant growth demand, can carry out Demand Design in the time of infertility, moisture and nutrient quantitatively, regularly, is directly supplied to crop in proportion.
The present invention innovates on the basis of traditional the Integration of Water into Fertilizer.First, utilize scientific formula and unique production technique, produce a kind of block concentrated type solid fertilizer with slowly dissolving function, the solution replacing soluble solids fertilizer or liquid fertilizer to be made into, solves the high Price Bottleneck problem of current Water soluble fertilizer cost and operational procedure problem numerous and diverse before using; Second; this block concentrated type solid fertilizer; utilize modern installations irrigation technique (drip irrigation technique); conventional compound (mixing) fertilizer is made to become the facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral special fertilizer of different Protectorate cultivation soil or cultivation matrix; can meet the nutritional need of Different Crop, fertilizer steadily, lastingly.3rd, for eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable crop, adopt this kind of water-fertilizer integral special fertilizer, by a facility irrigation system drip irrigation clear water, fertile more than 20% can be saved, water saving more than 50%, reach the effect of fat-reducing synergy.
Embodiment
Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1:
1, the formula of facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral dedicated fertilizer
Medium trace element selects sulphate cpd Zinc Sulphate Monohydrate in the present embodiment.
Described chemical fertilizer is made up of urea, monoammonium phosphate, Repone K and middle and trace element.Add-on presses butt Mass Calculation, wherein: urea is 40.22%, monoammonium phosphate is 13.63%, Repone K is 36.67%, Zinc Sulphate Monohydrate is 0.10%.
2, the preparation of facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral special fertilizer
(1) add industrial water purification 300kg in a kettle., be warming up to 70 DEG C, slowly add polyvinyl alcohol, add-on is 12% of quality, is warming up to 90 DEG C-95 DEG C, and polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved completely;
(2) polyvinyl alcohol solution is cooled to 80-85 DEG C, adds the appropriate HCl aqueous solution, stir, adjust ph to 2.0; Add formaldehyde (37%), add-on is 5% of quality, carries out condensation reaction 60min; Add the appropriate NaOH aqueous solution again, stir, adjust ph, to 7.0-7.5, obtains the polyvinyl formal solution 430kg that solid content is 11.8%.
(3) continue to heat, polyvinyl formal solution in aforesaid reaction vessel is warming up to 90-95 DEG C, start slowly to add urea, add-on is the 90-95% of polyvinyl formal solution, and concrete add-on is 402.2kg (density 1.335g/cm
3), until urea dissolves completely, obtain mixed slurry 1;
(3) by proportioning by monoammonium phosphate 136.4kg (density 1.803g/cm
3), Repone K 366.7kg (density 1.987g/cm
3) and Zinc Sulphate Monohydrate 1kg add respectively in mixed slurry 1, obtain mixed slurry 2, continue stir, heat up, maintain 90-95 DEG C, make mixed slurry 2 be in molten state.
(4) squeeze in dashpot 2 by mixed slurry 2, maintaining groove Wen Wendu 90-95 DEG C, is 0.015g/cm by density
3soft, perforate low-density sponge body immerse in dashpot 2, after slip to be mixed is full of cavernous body, take out rapidly and be cooled to less than 40 DEG C, solidification, stripping and slicing, obtains facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral dedicated fertilizer.
In the present embodiment, after solidification, gained Chemical Mixed Fertilizer density is about 1.612g/cm
3, then facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral dedicated fertilizer density is about 1.612-0.015=1.597g/cm
3.Quantitative by 2.5cm × 2.5cm × 2cm stripping and slicing, fertilizer stripping and slicing quality is about 2.5cm × 2.5cm × 2cm × 1.597g/cm
3≈ 20g.By the quantitative stripping and slicing of 3cm × 3cm × 2cm, fertilizer stripping and slicing quality is about 3cm × 3cm × 2cm × 1.597g/cm
3≈ 29g.Wherein solid fertilizer accounts for about 99%, and the quality of cavernous body can be ignored.
3, application method: the fertilization mode adopting fertilizing in opened hole, drip irrigation clear water.
(1) greenhouse tomato growth condition method
After from tomato seedling survival after transplant to slow seedling, before covering with plastic film, by row along spacing in the rows direction, apart from the Shang Wachang cave, position of plant root 10cm, lay drip irrigation zone; Spacious cave, cave mouth diameter
the dark 30mm in cave.The stripping and slicing of facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral dedicated fertilizer is quantitative, gradation applies in spacious cave, and stripping and slicing end face and cave mouth are in one plane.Drip irrigation hole, drip irrigation zone by spacious cave position distribution, and is placed on the central position of cave mouth or stripping and slicing end face, covering with plastic film, and on the position of cave mouth, mulch film is drawn hole so that fertilizing operation.
Greenhouse tomato planting density is 2500 plants/acre.Use by the tomato time of infertility (from seedling replanting field planting to whole results) nitrogen requirement (in N) 50kg/ mu.Impose nitrogen quantity seedling-flowering period to account for and execute 30% of nitrogen total mass, use the stripping and slicing of (20-6-22) solanaceous vegetables Special Fertilizers for Various Crops, fertilizer application frequency 1 time, rate of fertilizer application (50 × 30%)/20%=75kg/ mu, amount to 3cm × 3cm × 2cm fertilizer stripping and slicing and be about 75kg ÷ 0.029=2586 block, every cave applying fertilizer stripping and slicing 1 piece.Bloom-fruiting period imposes nitrogen quantity and accounts for and execute 30% of nitrogen total mass, fertilizer application frequency 1 time, rate of fertilizer application (50 × 30%)/20%=75kg/ mu, amounts to 3cm × 3cm × 2cm fertilizer stripping and slicing and is about 75kg ÷ 0.029=2586 block, every cave applying fertilizer stripping and slicing 1 piece.Impose nitrogen quantity harvesting time to account for and execute 40% of nitrogen total mass, fertilizer application frequency 2 times, each rate of fertilizer application (50 × 40%)/(2 × 20%)=50kg/ mu, amount to 2.5cm × 2.5cm × 2cm fertilizer stripping and slicing and be about 50kg ÷ 0.02=2500 block, each every cave applying fertilizer stripping and slicing 1 piece.Greenhouse tomato fertilizer application frequency in the time of infertility 4 times.
Use drip irrigation zone flow to be 1.3L/h, the drip irrigation time is 3.5h/d, and the ground moistening degree of depth is about 40cm.
(2) cucumber in greenhouse growth condition method
The breeding cycle of cucumber is roughly divided into germination period, Seedling Stage, initial bloom stage and fruiting period.In cucumber in greenhouse cultivation, bear fruit to the 1st inflorescence from seedling replanting field planting, be generally about 40d, be generally about 150d from bearing fruit to all gather (also known as uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested), concrete fertilizing method is as follows.
After from cucumber seedling survival after transplant to slow seedling, before covering with plastic film, by row along spacing in the rows direction, apart from the Shang Wachang cave, position of plant root 10cm, lay drip irrigation zone; Spacious cave, cave mouth diameter
the dark 30mm in cave.The stripping and slicing of facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral dedicated fertilizer is quantitative, gradation applies in spacious cave, and stripping and slicing end face and cave mouth are in one plane.Drip irrigation hole, drip irrigation zone by spacious cave position distribution, and is placed on the central position of cave mouth or stripping and slicing end face, covering with plastic film, and on the position of cave mouth, mulch film is drawn hole so that fertilizing operation.
Cucumber in greenhouse planting density is 3000 plants/acre.Use by the cucumber time of infertility (from seedling replanting field planting to whole results) nitrogen requirement (in N) 60kg/ mu.Impose nitrogen quantity seedling-flowering period to account for and execute 20% of nitrogen total mass, use the stripping and slicing of (20-6-22) solanaceous vegetables Special Fertilizers for Various Crops, fertilizer application frequency 1 time, rate of fertilizer application (60 × 20%)/20%=60kg/ mu, amount to 2.5cm × 2.5cm × 2cm fertilizer stripping and slicing and be about 60kg ÷ 0.02=3000 block, every cave applying fertilizer stripping and slicing 1 piece.Bloom-fruiting period imposes nitrogen quantity and accounts for and execute 20% of nitrogen total mass, fertilizer application frequency 1 time, rate of fertilizer application (60 × 20%)/20%=60kg/ mu, amounting to 2.5cm × 2.5cm × 2cm fertilizer stripping and slicing is 60kg ÷ 0.02=3000 block, every cave applying fertilizer stripping and slicing 1 piece.Impose nitrogen quantity harvesting time to account for and execute 60% of nitrogen total mass, fertilizer application frequency 3 times, each rate of fertilizer application (60 × 60%)/(3 × 20%)=60kg/ mu, amount to 2.5cm × 2.5cm × 2cm fertilizer stripping and slicing and be about 60kg ÷ 0.02=3000 block, each every cave applying fertilizer stripping and slicing 1 piece.Cucumber in greenhouse fertilizer application frequency in the time of infertility 5 times.
Use drip irrigation zone flow to be 1.3L/h, the drip irrigation time is 3.5h/d, and the ground moistening degree of depth is about 40cm.
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral special fertilizer, is characterized in that, raw material comprises inorganic chemical fertilizer, polyvinyl formal solution, soft open-cell foamed plastics; Described inorganic chemical fertilizer is urea, monoammonium phosphate, Repone K or potassium sulfate and medium trace element.
2. special fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the solid content of described polyvinyl formal solution is 10%-15%.
3. special fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described chemical fertilizer medium trace element be selected from nitrocalcite, magnesium sulfate, manganous sulfate, zinc sulfate, boric acid, Sodium orthomolybdate, ammonium molybdate or microelements aminophenol chelated one or more.
4. special fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described density that is soft, open-cell foamed plastics is 15-18kg/m
3.
5. special fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: for eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable crop, in mass ratio, described urea, monoammonium phosphate, Repone K or potassium sulfate press N:P
2o
5: K
2o=1:0.3-0.6:1.1-1.5 is composite, and in mass ratio, medium trace element is the 1-2 ‰ of described chemical fertilizer total amount.
6. the preparation method of special fertilizer described in any one of claim 1-5, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) add water in a kettle., be warming up to 70-80 DEG C, add polyvinyl alcohol, add the 10%-15% that quality is quality, be warming up to 90-95 DEG C, polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved completely in water;
(2) make polyvinyl alcohol solution be cooled to 80-85 DEG C, adjust ph is to 1.0-3.0; Add formaldehyde, add the 4%-6% that quality is quality, carry out condensation reaction 45-60min, adjust ph, to 7.0-7.5, obtains polyvinyl formal solution;
(3) polyvinyl formal solution is warming up to 90-95 DEG C, adds urea, quality is the 90%-95% of polyvinyl formal solution quality, until urea dissolves completely, obtains mixed slurry 1;
(4) monoammonium phosphate, Repone K or potassium sulfate and medium trace element are added respectively in mixed slurry 1 again, obtain mixed slurry 2, holding temperature is 90-95 DEG C, makes mixed slurry 2 be in molten state;
(5) squeeze in dashpot by mixed slurry 2, maintaining groove temperature is 90-95 DEG C, immerses in dashpot by soft, open-cell foamed plastics, after slip 2 to be mixed is full of foams, take out cooling rapidly, solidification, quantitative stripping and slicing, obtains facility cultivation water-fertilizer integral special fertilizer.
7. the application method of facility cultivation water-fertilizer integral special fertilizer described in any one of claim 1-5 be adopt openly to spread manuer in holes, drip irrigation clear water, water and fertilizer coupling integration fertilizing method.
8. fertilizing method according to claim 7, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) by row along spacing in the rows direction, distance plant root 5-10cm, digs spacious cave, lays drip irrigation zone;
(2) apply in spacious cave by fertilizer stripping and slicing, stripping and slicing end face and cave mouth are in one plane;
(3) select drip irrigation zone flow to be 1.2-1.4L/h, the drip irrigation time is 3-6h/d, makes ground moistening degree of depth 30-40cm.
9. fertilizing method according to claim 8, is characterized in that: the cave mouth diameter in spacious cave described in step (1)
the dark 30-60mm in cave.
10. fertilizing method according to claim 8, is characterized in that: step (2) is quantitative by the stripping and slicing of facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral dedicated fertilizer, gradation applies in spacious cave, and stripping and slicing end face and cave mouth are in one plane.
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| CN104973938A (en) * | 2015-06-13 | 2015-10-14 | 王娟 | Embedded biofertilizer box for elm |
| CN104987160A (en) * | 2015-07-21 | 2015-10-21 | 句容市后白镇美佳多果品专业合作社 | Pear tree water and fertilizer integration special fertilizer and fertilizing method utilizing same |
| CN105367229A (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2016-03-02 | 张山虎 | Liquid microbial ecological fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN106220270A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2016-12-14 | 安徽朗坤物联网有限公司 | Water-fertilizer integral paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer based on Internet of Things and fertilizing method thereof |
| CN107285851A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-10-24 | 西施生态科技股份有限公司 | A kind of matrix of ornamental plant introducing and planting and its preparation |
| CN108586087A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-09-28 | 王亚 | A kind of long-acting slow-release Liquid organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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