CN104306864A - 一种缓解麻醉后恶心呕吐的中药制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种缓解麻醉后恶心呕吐的中药制剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种缓解麻醉后恶心呕吐的中药制剂及其制备方法,所述中药制剂的处方组成为:笔仔草、草果、草豆蔻、厚朴、椿叶、茴香茎叶、刺玫菊、香茅花、姜味草、白粱米、毛罗勒、罗望子、土良姜、旋覆花、桂花露、青木香、小木通、分筋草、草胡椒、赤小豆、薏苡叶、黑大豆皮;提取出上述药材的有效成分后,再按照常规制药工艺制备成一般的口服制剂。本发明中药制剂精选22味中草药,合理配伍,通过理气和胃、温中止吐来缓解恶心呕吐的症状,同时还具有益气散寒、舒筋活血、解毒利尿、清热解毒的功效,加速麻醉药物的代谢及排出;另外,其药性温和,经临床验证没有任何副作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药麻醉技术领域,具体地说是一种缓解麻醉后恶心呕吐的中药制剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
无论大小手术,在手术之前都要先打麻醉药,麻醉能够使病患在镇静、无痛的舒适状态下进行外科手术,但是麻醉药物除了影响意识、改变疼痛认知程度外,也会干扰病患的正常生理功能,引起一些不良反应。
麻醉的较常见暂时性的副作用包括恶心和呕吐、困倦、暂时无法小便、喉咙痛、头痛;较轻微的并发症包括肌肉疼痛、牙齿、假牙使嘴唇、舌头受伤、暂时性呼吸困难、说话困难以及神经受损等。
手术麻醉后,患者出现恶心呕吐非常不利于术后恢复,可能引起电解质紊乱及脱水,尤其是影响口服药物的吸收,以及营养物质的吸收,同时,对患者精神和机体也会产生较大的影响,严重的恶心呕吐使病人处于极度的紧张状态,甚至产生心理负担。
麻醉后出现恶心呕吐的几率与严重程度,主要与麻醉药的特性、麻醉深度等有关。麻醉剂量越大,恶心呕吐发生率越高,手术麻醉时间越长,恶心呕吐发生率越高。麻醉时间持续30~90分钟,术后恶心呕吐发生率为17%,若麻醉时间持续150~200分钟,则恶心呕吐发生率增加至46%,可能与麻醉药总量有关。
目前,临床上对于麻醉中产生的不良反应治疗多以西药为主,对于术后恶心呕吐主要是采用抗生素疗法,一般见效比较快,但容易产生耐药性,采用西药治疗若效果不佳甚至会加重这种不良反应。
所以,需要研制出一种不添加任何防腐剂及其他激素的药物,来缓解麻醉引起的恶心呕吐等不良反应。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题就是提供一种缓解麻醉后恶心呕吐的中药制剂,该药剂药效温和不刺激,可有效缓解麻醉后恶心呕吐症状,且无任何毒副作用,使用方便。
本发明解决的第二个技术问题是提供一种缓解麻醉后恶心呕吐的中药制剂的制备方法。
A.处方组成:
其中,笔仔草甘,凉;清热,利水;治热病烦渴,泄泻,黄疸型肝炎,糖尿病,淋蚀,尿血,小便不利。草果辛,温;归脾、胃经;燥湿温中,除痰截疟,用于寒湿内阻,脘腹胀痛,痞满呕吐,疟疾寒热。草豆蔻辛,温;归肺经、脾经、胃经;化湿消痞,行气温中,开胃消食。厚朴苦,辛,性温;行气消积,燥湿除满,降逆平喘,主治食积气滞,腹胀便秘,湿阻中焦,脘痞吐泻,痰壅气逆,胸满喘咳。椿叶苦,平;叶含胡萝卜素及维生素B、C,健胃,止血,消炎,杀虫,祛署化湿,解毒,杀虫,主暑湿伤中,恶心呕吐,食欲不振,泄泻,痢疾痈疽肿毒,疥疮,白秃疮。茴香茎叶味甘,辛,性温;理气和胃,散寒止痛,主恶心呕吐,疝气,腰痛,痈肿。刺玫菊甘,微苦,温;行气解郁,和血,止痛,用于肝胃气痛,食少呕恶,月经不调,跌扑伤痛。香茅花甘,微苦,温;温中和胃,主心腹冷痛,恶心呕吐。姜味草辛,温;温中,理气,止痛,治吐逆,噎膈,胃痛,腹痛,寒疝疼痛,燥脾暖胃,进饮食,宽中下气,疗九种胃气疼痛,面寒痛,胸膈气胀,肚腹冷痛,呕吐恶心,噎膈翻胃。白粱米甘,微寒,无毒;和中,益气,治呕吐。毛罗勒味辛,性温,健脾化湿,祛风活血,主纳呆腹痛、呕吐。罗望子甘、酸,凉;清热解暑,消食化积,用于中暑,食欲不振,小儿疳积,妊娠呕吐,便秘。土良姜辛,苦,温;温中散寒,理气止痛,用于胃寒痛,呕吐,消化不良,寒疝气痛,有化痰、止呕的功效,主要用于恶心呕吐及咳嗽痰多等症。旋覆花苦,辛,咸,微温;降气,消痰,行水,止呕。桂花露微辛,微苦,性温;疏肝理气;醒脾辟秽,明目,润喉。青木香辛,苦,寒;疏肝理气,健胃止痛。小木通淡,平;舒筋活血,祛湿止痛,解毒利尿。分筋草苦,微辛,平;祛风除湿,舒筋活血。草胡椒辛,凉;散瘀止痛,清热解毒。赤小豆甘,酸,平;解毒排脓,利水除湿,和血消肿。薏苡叶温中散寒,暖胃,益气血。黑大豆皮微甘,凉;养血平肝,祛风解毒,解毒利尿。
B.制备方法:将上述22味中药材,按下述步骤操作:
(1)将姜味草、土良姜、青木香置于烘烤箱中200~250℃烘烤5~10分钟,取出,冷却,采用超微粉碎成细粉,得到有效成分a,备用;
(2)将笔仔草、草果、草豆蔻、厚朴、椿叶、香茅花、白粱米、毛罗勒、罗望子、旋覆花、桂花露、小木通、草胡椒、赤小豆、薏苡叶、黑大豆皮清洗干净,置于粉碎机中粉碎成10~20目粗粉,置于锅炉中,加相对于所获得的中药混合物10~14倍量的纯净水,煎煮提取2~3次,每次1.0~1.5小时,滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩成50℃条件下比重为1.36g/cm3的浸膏,加入醇浓度为90~95%乙醇,使含醇量达65%,进行醇沉,0~5℃低温冷藏静置24小时,去除沉淀,减压回收乙醇并浓缩,在50~55℃下干燥,制得干浸膏,将干浸膏粉碎,得到有效成分b,备用;
(3)将茴香茎叶、刺玫菊、分筋草粉碎,40目过筛,按料液比1:6~8加入醇浓度为70%的乙醇浸泡2-4小时,然后在超声波提取器中超声提取30分钟,提取频率为45K小时z,200目过滤,得滤液与滤渣;再向滤渣中按料液比1:3~5加入70%的乙醇在同样频率下再次超声提取20分钟,200目过滤,合并两次滤液,用蒸馏法回收乙醇,然后减压浓缩至原体积11~13%的浸膏,喷雾干燥,粉碎成浸膏粉,得到有效成分c,备用;
(4)将有效成分a、b、c合并,得到混合提取物,再加入药剂学上常用的辅料,并按照传统制剂的制作工艺制备成各种不同口服制剂。
本发明解决第二个技术问题的技术方案如下:
一种缓解麻醉后恶心呕吐的中药制剂的制备方法,具体步骤为:
(1)将姜味草、土良姜、青木香置于烘烤箱中200~250℃烘烤5~10分钟,取出,冷却,采用超微粉碎成细粉,得到有效成分a,备用;
(2)将笔仔草、草果、草豆蔻、厚朴、椿叶、香茅花、白粱米、毛罗勒、罗望子、旋覆花、桂花露、小木通、草胡椒、赤小豆、薏苡叶、黑大豆皮清洗干净,置于粉碎机中粉碎成10~20目粗粉,置于锅炉中,加相对于所获得的中药混合物10~14倍量的纯净水,煎煮提取2~3次,每次1.0~1.5小时,滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩成50℃条件下比重为1.36g/cm3的浸膏,加入醇浓度为90~95%乙醇,使含醇量达65%,进行醇沉,0~5℃低温冷藏静置24小时,去除沉淀,减压回收乙醇并浓缩,在50~55℃下干燥,制得干浸膏,将干浸膏粉碎,得到有效成分b,备用;
(3)将茴香茎叶、刺玫菊、分筋草粉碎,40目过筛,按料液比1:6~8加入醇浓度为70%的乙醇浸泡2-4小时,然后在超声波提取器中超声提取30分钟,提取频率为45K小时z,200目过滤,得滤液与滤渣;再向滤渣中按料液比1:3~5加入70%的乙醇在同样频率下再次超声提取20分钟,200目过滤,合并两次滤液,用蒸馏法回收乙醇,然后减压浓缩至原体积11~13%的浸膏,喷雾干燥,粉碎成浸膏粉,得到有效成分c,备用;
(4)将有效成分a、b、c合并,得到混合提取物,再加入药剂学上常用的辅料,并按照传统制剂的制作工艺制备成各种不同口服制剂。
进一步地,上述技术方案中最终制成的口服制剂是颗粒剂、滴丸剂、片剂、胶囊剂,各口服制剂的具体制备方法为:
颗粒剂:将所得的混合提取物,加入适量淀粉浆、糊精、蔗糖、桉叶油,混匀,制粒,干燥,制成颗粒剂。
滴丸剂:将所得的混合提取物,按1:2~6加入基质热熔,搅拌均匀,进行滴制、冷却、干燥、制成滴丸剂。所述基质为十二烷基硫酸钠、甘油明胶、聚乙二醇中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
片剂:将所得的混合提取物,加入适量淀粉、糊精混匀,制粒,压片,包衣制成片剂。
胶囊剂:将所得的混合提取物,加入适量硬脂酸镁、糖精钠,制粒,装胶囊,制成胶囊剂。
本发明的有益效果体现在以下个两方面:
(1)本发明根据中医药学和现代医药学理论,经过长期研究,合理配伍,精选22味中草药,通过理气和胃、温中止吐来缓解恶心呕吐的症状,同时还具有益气散寒、舒筋活血、解毒利尿、清热解毒的功效,加速麻醉药物的代谢及排出;
(2)本发明缓解麻醉后恶心呕吐的中药制剂没有添加化学防腐剂和激素,药性温和,经临床验证没有任何副作用,为麻醉后出现恶心呕吐症状的患者提供了又一良好选择。
具体实施方式
下面,结合具体实施方式来对本发明进行详细的描述。
实施例1:
A.处方组成:
B.制备方法:将上述22味中药材,按下述步骤操作:
(1)将姜味草、土良姜、青木香置于烘烤箱中200℃烘烤5分钟,取出,冷却,采用超微粉碎成细粉,得到有效成分a,备用;
(2)将笔仔草、草果、草豆蔻、厚朴、椿叶、香茅花、白粱米、毛罗勒、罗望子、旋覆花、桂花露、小木通、草胡椒、赤小豆、薏苡叶、黑大豆皮清洗干净,置于粉碎机中粉碎成10目粗粉,置于锅炉中,加相对于所获得的中药混合物10倍量的纯净水,煎煮提取2次,每次1.0小时,滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩成50℃条件下比重为1.36g/cm3的浸膏,加入醇浓度为90%乙醇,使含醇量达65%,进行醇沉,0℃低温冷藏静置24小时,去除沉淀,减压回收乙醇并浓缩,在50℃下干燥,制得干浸膏,将干浸膏粉碎,得到有效成分b,备用;
(3)将茴香茎叶、刺玫菊、分筋草粉碎,40目过筛,按料液比1:6加入醇浓度为70%的乙醇浸泡2小时,然后在超声波提取器中超声提取30分钟,提取频率为45K小时z,200目过滤,得滤液与滤渣;再向滤渣中按料液比1:3加入70%的乙醇在同样频率下再次超声提取20分钟,200目过滤,合并两次滤液,用蒸馏法回收乙醇,然后减压浓缩至原体积11%的浸膏,喷雾干燥,粉碎成浸膏粉,得到有效成分c,备用;
(4)将有效成分a、b、c合并,得到混合提取物,加入适量淀粉浆、糊精、蔗糖、桉叶油,混匀,制粒,干燥,制成颗粒剂。
实施例2:
A.处方组成:
B.制备方法:将上述22味中药材,按下述步骤操作:
(1)将姜味草、土良姜、青木香置于烘烤箱中225℃烘烤7分钟,取出,冷却,采用超微粉碎成细粉,得到有效成分a,备用;
(2)将笔仔草、草果、草豆蔻、厚朴、椿叶、香茅花、白粱米、毛罗勒、罗望子、旋覆花、桂花露、小木通、草胡椒、赤小豆、薏苡叶、黑大豆皮清洗干净,置于粉碎机中粉碎成15目粗粉,置于锅炉中,加相对于所获得的中药混合物12倍量的纯净水,煎煮提取2次,每次1.25小时,滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩成50℃条件下比重为1.36g/cm3的浸膏,加入醇浓度为92.5%乙醇,使含醇量达65%,进行醇沉,2.5℃低温冷藏静置24小时,去除沉淀,减压回收乙醇并浓缩,在52.5℃下干燥,制得干浸膏,将干浸膏粉碎,得到有效成分b,备用;
(3)将茴香茎叶、刺玫菊、分筋草粉碎,40目过筛,按料液比1:7加入醇浓度为70%的乙醇浸泡3小时,然后在超声波提取器中超声提取30分钟,提取频率为45K小时z,200目过滤,得滤液与滤渣;再向滤渣中按料液比1:4加入70%的乙醇在同样频率下再次超声提取20分钟,200目过滤,合并两次滤液,用蒸馏法回收乙醇,然后减压浓缩至原体积12%的浸膏,喷雾干燥,粉碎成浸膏粉,得到有效成分c,备用;
(4)将有效成分a、b、c合并,得到混合提取物,按1:4加入基质热熔,搅拌均匀,进行滴制、冷却、干燥、制成滴丸剂。所述基质为十二烷基硫酸钠、甘油明胶、聚乙二醇中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
实施例3:
A.处方组成:
B.制备方法:将上述22味中药材,按下述步骤操作:
(1)将姜味草、土良姜、青木香置于烘烤箱中250℃烘烤10分钟,取出,冷却,采用超微粉碎成细粉,得到有效成分a,备用;
(2)将笔仔草、草果、草豆蔻、厚朴、椿叶、香茅花、白粱米、毛罗勒、罗望子、旋覆花、桂花露、小木通、草胡椒、赤小豆、薏苡叶、黑大豆皮清洗干净,置于粉碎机中粉碎成20目粗粉,置于锅炉中,加相对于所获得的中药混合物14倍量的纯净水,煎煮提取3次,每次1.5小时,滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩成50℃条件下比重为1.36g/cm3的浸膏,加入醇浓度为95%乙醇,使含醇量达65%,进行醇沉,5℃低温冷藏静置24小时,去除沉淀,减压回收乙醇并浓缩,在55℃下干燥,制得干浸膏,将干浸膏粉碎,得到有效成分b,备用;
(3)将茴香茎叶、刺玫菊、分筋草粉碎,40目过筛,按料液比1:8加入醇浓度为70%的乙醇浸泡4小时,然后在超声波提取器中超声提取30分钟,提取频率为45K小时z,200目过滤,得滤液与滤渣;再向滤渣中按料液比1:5加入70%的乙醇在同样频率下再次超声提取20分钟,200目过滤,合并两次滤液,用蒸馏法回收乙醇,然后减压浓缩至原体积13%的浸膏,喷雾干燥,粉碎成浸膏粉,得到有效成分c,备用;
(4)将有效成分a、b、c合并,得到混合提取物,加入适量淀粉、糊精混匀,制粒,压片,包衣制成片剂。
实施例4:
A.处方组成:
B.制备方法:将上述22味中药材,按下述步骤操作:
(1)将姜味草、土良姜、青木香置于烘烤箱中250℃烘烤10分钟,取出,冷却,采用超微粉碎成细粉,得到有效成分a,备用;
(2)将笔仔草、草果、草豆蔻、厚朴、椿叶、香茅花、白粱米、毛罗勒、罗望子、旋覆花、桂花露、小木通、草胡椒、赤小豆、薏苡叶、黑大豆皮清洗干净,置于粉碎机中粉碎成20目粗粉,置于锅炉中,加相对于所获得的中药混合物14倍量的纯净水,煎煮提取3次,每次1.5小时,滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩成50℃条件下比重为1.36g/cm3的浸膏,加入醇浓度为95%乙醇,使含醇量达65%,进行醇沉,5℃低温冷藏静置24小时,去除沉淀,减压回收乙醇并浓缩,在55℃下干燥,制得干浸膏,将干浸膏粉碎,得到有效成分b,备用;
(3)将茴香茎叶、刺玫菊、分筋草粉碎,40目过筛,按料液比1:8加入醇浓度为70%的乙醇浸泡4小时,然后在超声波提取器中超声提取30分钟,提取频率为45K小时z,200目过滤,得滤液与滤渣;再向滤渣中按料液比1:5加入70%的乙醇在同样频率下再次超声提取20分钟,200目过滤,合并两次滤液,用蒸馏法回收乙醇,然后减压浓缩至原体积13%的浸膏,喷雾干燥,粉碎成浸膏粉,得到有效成分c,备用;
(4)将有效成分a、b、c合并,得到混合提取物,加入适量硬脂酸镁、糖精钠,制粒,装胶囊,制成胶囊剂。
临床典型病例:
病例1:陆某某,女,46岁,山东潍坊人。因为腿部骨折住院,手术时使用局部麻醉药,术后出现恶心呕吐。服用本发明实施例1的颗粒剂进行治疗,服用1次后,症状有所缓解,连续服用2天后,症状消失,呕吐停止。
病例2:宋某某,男,28岁,江苏徐州人。患者因车祸导致颅内出血而住院,手术时使用麻醉药,术后因麻醉的作用,使呼吸受到抑制,导致大脑缺血、缺氧、呕吐,中枢严重兴奋,麻醉引起迷走神经亢进,引发胃肠蠕动增强,诱发严重呕吐,恶心难耐。服用本发明实施例2的滴丸剂进行治疗,服用1次后,症状有所缓解,连续服用2次后,恶心症状消失,继续服用3天后,呕吐停止。
病例3:张某某,女,31岁,山东潍坊人。患者因剖宫产子住院,生产过程中使用了局部麻醉,但效果不佳,又继续使用了全麻,生产完毕后,患者出现剧烈的恶心、呕吐症状。服用本发明实施例3的胶囊剂进行治疗,服用1次后,症状有所缓解,连续服用2次后,呕吐停止,恶心感消失。
病例4:魏某,男,20岁,山东潍坊人。患者因拔牙使用局部麻醉,后出现恶心呕吐。服用本发明实施例4的片剂进行治疗,服用1次后,症状有所缓解,服用2次后,呕吐停止,恶心感消失。
最后应说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明实施例技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种缓解麻醉后恶心呕吐的中药制剂,其特征在于是由下述工艺制备而成:
A.处方组成:
B.制备方法:将上述22味中药材,按下述步骤操作:
(1)将姜味草、土良姜、青木香置于烘烤箱中200~250℃烘烤5~10分钟,取出,冷却,采用超微粉碎成细粉,得到有效成分a,备用;
(2)将笔仔草、草果、草豆蔻、厚朴、椿叶、香茅花、白粱米、毛罗勒、罗望子、旋覆花、桂花露、小木通、草胡椒、赤小豆、薏苡叶、黑大豆皮清洗干净,置于粉碎机中粉碎成10~20目粗粉,置于锅炉中,加10~14倍量的纯净水,煎煮提取2~3次,每次1.0~1.5小时,滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩成50℃条件下比重为1.36g/cm3的浸膏,加入醇浓度为90~95%乙醇,进行醇沉,冷藏静置24小时,去除沉淀,减压回收乙醇并浓缩,在50~55℃下干燥,制得干浸膏,将干浸膏粉碎,得到有效成分b,备用;
(3)将茴香茎叶、刺玫菊、分筋草粉碎,40目过筛,按料液比1:6~8加入醇浓度为70%的乙醇浸泡2-4小时,然后在超声波提取器中超声提取30分钟,200目过滤,得滤液与滤渣;再向滤渣中按料液比1:3~5加入70%的乙醇在同样频率下再次超声提取20分钟,200目过滤,合并两次滤液,用蒸馏法回收乙醇,然后减压浓缩至原体积11~13%的浸膏,喷雾干燥,粉碎成浸膏粉,得到有效成分c,备用;
(4)将有效成分a、b、c合并,得到混合提取物,再加入药剂学上常用的辅料,并按照传统制剂的制作工艺制备成各种不同口服制剂。
2.一种缓解麻醉后恶心呕吐的中药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)将姜味草、土良姜、青木香置于烘烤箱中200~250℃烘烤5~10分钟,取出,冷却,采用超微粉碎成细粉,得到有效成分a,备用;
(2)将笔仔草、草果、草豆蔻、厚朴、椿叶、香茅花、白粱米、毛罗勒、罗望子、旋覆花、桂花露、小木通、草胡椒、赤小豆、薏苡叶、黑大豆皮清洗干净,置于粉碎机中粉碎成10~20目粗粉,置于锅炉中,加10~14倍量的纯净水,煎煮提取2~3次,每次1.0~1.5小时,滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩成50℃条件下比重为1.36g/cm3的浸膏,加入醇浓度为90~95%乙醇,进行醇沉,冷藏静置24小时,去除沉淀,减压回收乙醇并浓缩,在50~55℃下干燥,制得干浸膏,将干浸膏粉碎,得到有效成分b,备用;
(3)将茴香茎叶、刺玫菊、分筋草粉碎,40目过筛,按料液比1:6~8加入醇浓度为70%的乙醇浸泡2-4小时,然后在超声波提取器中超声提取30分钟,200目过滤,得滤液与滤渣;再向滤渣中按料液比1:3~5加入70%的乙醇在同样频率下再次超声提取20分钟,200目过滤,合并两次滤液,用蒸馏法回收乙醇,然后减压浓缩至原体积11~13%的浸膏,喷雾干燥,粉碎成浸膏粉,得到有效成分c,备用;
(4)将有效成分a、b、c合并,得到混合提取物,按照传统制剂的制作工艺制备成各种不同口服制剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种缓解麻醉后恶心呕吐的中药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述口服制剂包括颗粒剂、滴丸剂、片剂、胶囊剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种缓解麻醉后恶心呕吐的中药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述颗粒剂的制备方法为:将所得的混合提取物,制粒,干燥,制成颗粒剂。
5.根据权利要求3所述的治疗原发性低血压病的中药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述滴丸剂的制备方法为:将所得的混合提取物,与药物基质混合熔融、进行滴制、冷却、干燥、制成滴丸剂。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种缓解麻醉后恶心呕吐的中药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述胶囊剂的制备方法为:将所得的混合提取物,制粒,装胶囊,制成胶囊剂。
7.根据权利要求3所述的一种缓解麻醉后恶心呕吐的中药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述片剂的制备方法为:将所得的混合提取物,制粒,压片,包衣制成片剂。
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CN105709157A (zh) * | 2016-02-02 | 2016-06-29 | 张力萍 | 一种麻醉药缓解的药物 |
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CN105709157A (zh) * | 2016-02-02 | 2016-06-29 | 张力萍 | 一种麻醉药缓解的药物 |
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