CN104291827B - 酚醛树脂为碳源固相烧结制备复杂形状碳化硅陶瓷工艺 - Google Patents
酚醛树脂为碳源固相烧结制备复杂形状碳化硅陶瓷工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种酚醛树脂为碳源固相烧结制备复杂形状碳化硅陶瓷工艺,属于碳化硅陶瓷制备技术领域。本发明选用SiC粉体为原料,以B4C粉和水溶性酚醛树脂为烧结助剂,去离子水为溶剂,包括混料、烘干过筛或喷雾干燥、干压后冷等静压成型或直接冷等静压成型、干燥、机械加工,脱粘和烧结等六个步骤。解决了以酚醛树脂为碳源固相烧结制备性能优良、形状复杂的碳化硅陶瓷的问题。与反应烧结或其他固相烧结制备碳化硅陶瓷相比,采用水溶性酚醛树脂为碳源,碳源分布更加均匀,并且酚醛树脂在高温下裂解后生成活性更高的碳,有利于制备性能更优的碳化硅陶瓷;采用干压后冷等静压或直接冷等静压+机械加工的方式来制备碳化硅陶瓷素坯,较凝胶注模成型工艺受环境因素的影响更小,产品合格率更高,更加适合工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于碳化硅陶瓷的制备技术领域,具体涉及一种以酚醛树脂为碳源固相烧结制备复杂形状碳化硅陶瓷工艺,包括成型和烧结等方面。
背景技术
碳化硅陶瓷由于具有良好的高温稳定性、导热性等优良性能而广泛应用于工业生产中。与反应烧结碳化硅陶瓷相比,固相烧结碳化硅陶瓷由于不含游离硅而具有更好的高温稳定性、耐腐蚀性和更优的力学性能,因此应用前景更优。而目前固相烧结制备碳化硅陶瓷多以石墨或炭黑作为碳源,而本发明全部采用酚醛树脂为碳源,一方面酚醛树脂溶于水在混料中分布更为均匀,且烧结过程中酚醛树脂裂解后生成的碳粒度更小,烧结活性更高,这有助于碳化硅陶瓷致密化过程的进行,因此以酚醛树脂为碳源制备的碳化硅陶瓷性能更为优异。另一方面,以酚醛树脂为碳源,干燥过程中会发生酚醛树脂的固化反应,有助于提高成型后碳化硅陶瓷素坯的强度,使其满足机械加工的要求,从而实现复杂形状的以酚醛树脂为碳源的碳化硅陶瓷素坯的成型。
与其他凝胶注模成型工艺+固相烧结工艺制备碳化硅陶瓷的工艺相比,由于凝胶注模工艺对环境因素如温度、湿度等要求很高,干燥脱模不宜控制,产品合格率低;且碳化硅素坯还需置于不同的炉中分别进行排胶和烧结,工艺复杂,制备成本较高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种以酚醛树脂为碳源固相烧结制备复杂形状碳化硅陶瓷工艺,解决了产品合格率低;且碳化硅素坯还需置于不同的炉中分别进行排胶和烧结,工艺复杂,制备成本较高等问题。通过干压/冷等静压成型工艺制备碳化硅陶瓷素坯,工艺简单易控,形状精确度也更高;此外,本发明中固相烧结的脱粘和烧结是在无压炉中连续进行,可简化脱粘和烧结工艺,节约生产成本,提高生产效率。
本发明所采用的技术方案包括如下步骤:
(1)球磨混料:以SiC粉体,B4C粉体和酚醛树脂为原料,以去离子水为溶剂,球磨混合一段时间;
(2)造粒:将得到的浆料烘干、破碎、过筛或喷雾造粒获得混合均匀的粉体;
(3)成型:将粉体干压成型后获得碳化硅陶瓷素坯,然后将素坯冷等静压,或直接将粉体装入橡胶套中冷等静压;
(4)干燥:将获得的碳化硅陶瓷素坯置于均匀加热的烘箱中干燥;
(5)机械加工:绘制图纸,对干燥后的碳化硅素坯进行机械加工;
(6)脱粘和烧结:将加工好的素坯放入烧结炉中,使脱粘和烧结一体化进行。
优选的是,所述步骤(1)中所述的SiC粉体的粒径为D50=0.5~4μm,纯度>98%;B4C粉体粒径为D50=1~4μm,B4C粉体加入量为SiC粉体的0.5~3%;酚醛树脂裂解残C率为38~55%,加入量为SiC粉体的3~10%;采用SiC球为研磨球,全部原料︰SiC球=(0.5~5)︰1,球磨时间为3~12h。
优选的是,所述步骤(3)的干压成型工艺所用的模具大小需根据烧结后碳化硅陶瓷的收缩率15~22%及干压坯体再经冷等静压成型后坯体的收缩率2~20%来共同确定;干压工艺为30~80MPa,保压时间为5~30s。
优选的是,所述步骤(3)的冷等静压工艺为120~240MPa,保压5~15min。
优选的是,所述步骤(4)的干燥工艺为120~200℃,保温2~10h。
优选的是,所述步骤(4)的碳化硅陶瓷素坯的尺寸需按照烧结后线收缩率15~22%来将SiC陶瓷制品的尺寸放大后获得。
优选的是,所述的步骤(5)中脱粘和烧结在同一炉中连续进行:脱粘在700~850℃的真空条件下进行,脱粘制度为600-850℃保温2-8h;升温速率为2~5℃/min,因为脱粘过程中会有大量有机物排出;烧结在流动的氩气气氛中进行,当≤1750℃时,升温速率为5℃/min,当>1750℃时升温速率为,0.5~3℃/min,最高温度为1900~2250℃,降温速率为5-10℃/min。
本发明的有益效果
本发明的干压/冷等静压成型+以酚醛树脂为碳源固相烧结的制备复杂形状碳化硅陶瓷的制备工艺,与以往采用凝胶注模工艺+反应烧结或以凝胶注模成型工艺+炭黑为碳源固相烧结的制备工艺有所不同,主要表现在一方面以酚醛树脂为碳源,可保证混料过程中碳源的均匀分布,且高温下酚醛树脂裂解生成的碳活性更高,因而得到的碳化硅陶瓷力学性能和光学加工性能更优;另一方面,以酚醛树脂为碳源,酚醛树脂在加热条件下发生固化反应,可大大提高碳化硅陶瓷素坯的强度,因此可通过机械加工来获得素坯的复杂形状,从而避免采用凝胶注模对环境要求苛刻的复杂不易控制的成型工艺,提高产品的合格率。此外,本发明的脱粘和烧结工艺是在在同一炉中连续进行,可降低约生产成本,提高生产效率。
附图说明
图1为本发明复杂形状碳化硅陶瓷零部件的制备工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供以酚醛树脂为碳源固相烧结制备大尺寸复杂形状的碳化硅陶瓷零部件的制备工艺,具体步骤如下:
步骤一:混料:以去离子水为溶剂,将SiC粉体、B4C粉体和酚醛树脂、按比例放入球磨罐混合一段时间;
步骤二:造粒:将步骤一得到的浆料烘干、破碎过筛或喷雾造粒获得粉体;
步骤三:成型:将步骤二得到的粉体干压成型后再冷等静压或直接将粉体装入橡胶套中冷等静压成型;
步骤四:将步骤三得到的碳化硅陶瓷素坯干燥;
步骤四:机械加工:绘图,采用数控机床对干燥后的碳化硅陶瓷素坯进行机械加工;
步骤五:脱粘和烧结:将加工后的碳化硅陶瓷素坯放入无压烧结炉中进行脱粘和烧结。SiC粉体D50=1.5μm,纯度为99.2%,B4C粉由牡丹江金刚钻有限公司提供,粒度D50=3.5μm,有机碳源酚醛树脂碳裂解率为40~50%。
下面对本发明做进一步详细的说明。
根据图1所示以酚醛树脂为碳源固相烧结制备复杂形状碳化硅陶瓷的制备工艺流程,具体的实施例如下:
实施例1
将2000g碳化硅粉、20g碳化硼粉、100g酚醛树脂经稀释后,加入到去离子水中,采用SiC球做磨介,全部粉体︰SiC球=1.5︰1,球磨8h后,烘干、破碎并过60目筛,获得粉体;
将过筛后粉体经60MPa油压机成型为碳化硅陶瓷方坯;
经干压后方坯在冷等静压机上185MPa保压10min获得更为致密均匀的坯体;
将冷等静压后方坯置于均匀加热的烘箱中175℃保温4h;
将干燥后碳化硅陶瓷方坯置于磨床上磨平获得基准面,根据原碳化硅陶瓷制品图纸绘制碳化硅素坯图纸,将其输入数控机床后对素坯进行机械加工;
将加工后的碳化硅陶瓷素坯置于无压烧结炉中脱粘和烧结,脱粘时保持真空气氛,以2℃/min升至800℃,保温3h;800-1750℃,5℃/min,开始通氩气;1750-1850℃,1.5℃/min,1850-2150℃为0.8℃/min,保温4h;降温速率为4℃/min,烧结后获得具有复杂、精确形状特征的80*80mm的碳化硅陶瓷制品。
实施例2
将1000g碳化硅粉、8g碳化硼粉、60g酚醛树脂稀释后,加入到去离子水中,采用碳化硅球做磨介,全部粉体︰SiC球=1︰1.5,球磨5h后,喷雾造粒,获得粉体;
将喷雾造粒后粉体直接在冷等静压机上170MPa保压8min获得致密均匀的SiC陶瓷坯体;
将冷等静压后方坯置于均匀加热的烘箱中165℃保温3h;
将干燥后碳化硅陶瓷方坯置于磨床上磨平获得基准面,根据原碳化硅陶瓷制品图纸绘制碳化硅素坯图纸,将其输入数控机床后对素坯进行机械加工;
将加工后的碳化硅陶瓷素坯置于无压烧结炉中脱粘和烧结,脱粘时保持真空气氛,以1.5℃/min升至800℃,保温2h;800-1750℃,5℃/min,开始通氩气;1750-1950℃,2℃/min,1950-2120℃为0.6℃/min,保温6h;降温速率为6℃/min,烧结后获得具有复杂、精确形状特征的碳化硅陶瓷制品。
Claims (4)
1.一种酚醛树脂为碳源固相烧结制备复杂形状碳化硅陶瓷工艺,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)球磨混料:以SiC粉体,B4C粉体和酚醛树脂为原料,以去离子水为溶剂,球磨混合一段时间,得到浆料;
(2)造粒:将得到的浆料烘干、破碎、过筛或喷雾造粒获得混合均匀的粉体;
(3)成型:将粉体干压成型后获得碳化硅陶瓷素坯,然后将素坯冷等静压,或直接将粉体装入橡胶套中冷等静压;
(4)干燥:将获得的碳化硅陶瓷素坯置于均匀加热的烘箱中120~200℃干燥加热2~10h,以保证酚醛树脂固化反应,从而提高素坯强度;
(5)机械加工:绘制图纸,对干燥后的碳化硅素坯进行机械加工;碳化硅陶瓷素坯的尺寸需按照烧结后线收缩率15~22%来将SiC陶瓷制品的尺寸放大后获得;
(6)脱粘和烧结:将加工好的素坯放入烧结炉中,使脱粘和烧结一体化进行,具体如下:脱粘在700~850℃的真空条件下进行,脱粘制度为600-850℃保温2-8h;升温速率为2~5℃/min,烧结在流动的氩气气氛中进行,当≤1750℃时,升温速率为5℃/min,当>1750℃时升温速率为,0.5~3℃/min,最高温度为1900~2250℃,降温速率为5-10℃/min。
2.根据权利要求1所述的工艺,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中所述的SiC粉体粒径为D50=0.5~4μm,纯度>98%;B4C粉体粒径为D50=1~4μm,B4C粉体加入量为SiC粉体的0.5~3%;酚醛树脂裂解残C率为38~55%,加入量为SiC粉体的3~10%;采用SiC球为研磨球,全部原料︰SiC球=(0.5~5)︰1,球磨时间为3~12h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的工艺,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)的干压成型工艺所用的模具大小需根据烧结后碳化硅陶瓷的收缩率:15~22%及干压坯体再经冷等静压成型后坯体的收缩率2~20%来共同确定;干压工艺为30~80MPa,保压时间为5~30s。
4.根据权利要求1所述的工艺,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)的冷等静压工艺为120~240MPa,保压5~15min。
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