CN1042899C - 催化剂组合物和催化工艺 - Google Patents
催化剂组合物和催化工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1042899C CN1042899C CN93114941A CN93114941A CN1042899C CN 1042899 C CN1042899 C CN 1042899C CN 93114941 A CN93114941 A CN 93114941A CN 93114941 A CN93114941 A CN 93114941A CN 1042899 C CN1042899 C CN 1042899C
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- Prior art keywords
- compound
- mentioned
- carbon monoxide
- pyridine
- olefin polymeric
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 28
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 19
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 49
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- -1 azepine carbyl compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N picolinic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical group N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006471 dimerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- NIPZZXUFJPQHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CN=CC=N1 NIPZZXUFJPQHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LOAUVZALPPNFOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinaldic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 LOAUVZALPPNFOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003851 azoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- OLGHJTHQWQKJQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethylhex-1-ene Chemical compound CCCC(CC)C=C OLGHJTHQWQKJQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YHQXBTXEYZIYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylbut-1-ene Chemical compound CC(C)C=C YHQXBTXEYZIYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LDTAOIUHUHHCMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpent-1-ene Chemical compound CCC(C)C=C LDTAOIUHUHHCMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Natural products C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;trihydroxy(trihydroxysilyloxy)silane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al].[Al].O[Si](O)(O)O[Si](O)(O)O HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052621 halloysite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000271 hectorite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hectorite Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Mg+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]([O-])(O1)O[Si]1([O-])O2 KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical group CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052903 pyrophyllite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims 1
- DDTBPAQBQHZRDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclododecane Chemical compound C1CCCCCCCCCCC1 DDTBPAQBQHZRDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- YRFAKBKIMLRELG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanesulfonic acid;pyridine Chemical compound CCS(O)(=O)=O.C1=CC=NC=C1 YRFAKBKIMLRELG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QSBDOTNPSYXECG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene nickel Chemical compound [Ni].C=C.C=C.C=C QSBDOTNPSYXECG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003216 pyrazines Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003230 pyrimidines Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 26
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- WJJMNDUMQPNECX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipicolinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=N1 WJJMNDUMQPNECX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanesulfonic acid Chemical class CCS(O)(=O)=O CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 13
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 8
- XYOVOXDWRFGKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N azepine Chemical compound N1C=CC=CC=C1 XYOVOXDWRFGKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid Substances CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- AIXAANGOTKPUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbachol Chemical group [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCOC(N)=O AIXAANGOTKPUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- TWBYWOBDOCUKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isonicotinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=NC=C1 TWBYWOBDOCUKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol Natural products OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niacin Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- VRBVUAYEXFCDPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-pyridin-2-ylethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=N1 VRBVUAYEXFCDPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- RBFQJDQYXXHULB-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsane Chemical compound [AsH3] RBFQJDQYXXHULB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCUARRIEZVDMPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(C(=O)O)=CC2=C1 HCUARRIEZVDMPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 2
- KMAKOBLIOCQGJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 KMAKOBLIOCQGJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LVPMIMZXDYBCDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocinchomeronic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)N=C1 LVPMIMZXDYBCDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VQMSRUREDGBWKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoline-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=NC2=C1 VQMSRUREDGBWKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- ULPRBOFGXRADTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-1h-pyridine-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OC1=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=CC(=O)N1 ULPRBOFGXRADTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEKIYFGCEAJDDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-pyridin-3-ylpyridine Chemical group N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CN=C1 VEKIYFGCEAJDDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMHQDKYZXJVCME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-pyridin-4-ylpyridine Chemical group N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=NC=C1 RMHQDKYZXJVCME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFROSMOTSJUZLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-1-oxidopyridin-1-ium-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC1=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C(CO)C=[N+]1[O-] KFROSMOTSJUZLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHLSOPJQPKYSOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridine-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(CO)C(S(O)(=O)=O)=C1O OHLSOPJQPKYSOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWVTWFVJZLCBMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-bipyridine Chemical group C1=NC=CC(C=2C=CN=CC=2)=C1 MWVTWFVJZLCBMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXACOUQIXZGNBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-pyridoxic acid Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(CO)C(C(O)=O)=C1O HXACOUQIXZGNBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OOOLAYFQEOBVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl-1-oxidopyridin-1-ium-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC1=C(O)C(CO)=C(C(O)=O)C=[N+]1[O-] OOOLAYFQEOBVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABVRUDQEHSVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methylpyridine-3-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C(CO)=C1O ABVRUDQEHSVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VJZTVPVXKYQRJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-pyridoxic acid Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(C(O)=O)C(CO)=C1O VJZTVPVXKYQRJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KPJDOBLKTXEADO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methylpyridine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid Chemical class CC1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(C(O)=O)=N1 KPJDOBLKTXEADO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSGQJHQYWJLPKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N CITRAZINIC ACID Chemical compound OC(=O)C=1C=C(O)NC(=O)C=1 CSGQJHQYWJLPKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWTWMJMLSKQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isonicotinic acid N-oxide Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=[N+]([O-])C=C1 QCWTWMJMLSKQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGWGNPYMPWNQGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC(=O)c1cc(O)[n+]([O-])c(O)c1 Chemical compound OC(=O)c1cc(O)[n+]([O-])c(O)c1 ZGWGNPYMPWNQGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KAYTUYDJPKDRHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC1N=CC=CN1C(O)=O Chemical compound OC1N=CC=CN1C(O)=O KAYTUYDJPKDRHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNOGOVOMBNEXJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC1N=CC=CN1S(O)(=O)=O Chemical compound OC1N=CC=CN1S(O)(=O)=O GNOGOVOMBNEXJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CITDGPUOXYQNSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+](C1O)=CC=CN1C(O)=O Chemical compound [O-][N+](C1O)=CC=CN1C(O)=O CITDGPUOXYQNSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNYOPLTXPVRDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N barbituric acid Chemical compound O=C1CC(=O)NC(=O)N1 HNYOPLTXPVRDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- MUYSADWCWFFZKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinchomeronic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=NC=C1C(O)=O MUYSADWCWFFZKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- MPFLRYZEEAQMLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dinicotinic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CN=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 MPFLRYZEEAQMLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- MJIVRKPEXXHNJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutidinic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=NC(C(O)=O)=C1 MJIVRKPEXXHNJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- QTYUSOHYEPOHLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadiene group Chemical group C=CC=CCCCC QTYUSOHYEPOHLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJCFFCXMEXZEIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxiniacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C[N+]([O-])=C1 FJCFFCXMEXZEIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- RUUOPSRRIKJHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=N1 RUUOPSRRIKJHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTWLOSARXIJRRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-1-ium-4-sulfonate Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=NC=C1 PTWLOSARXIJRRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBQKCCHYAOITMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-2-ol Chemical class OC1=CC=CC=N1 UBQKCCHYAOITMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOTYOVOSRFKUSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2,3,4-tricarboxylic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=NC(C(O)=O)=C1C(O)=O VOTYOVOSRFKUSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NVONKHVIUAWOAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2,3,5-tricarboxylic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CN=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 NVONKHVIUAWOAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IFLXVSWHQQZRQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2,4,5-tricarboxylic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C=N1 IFLXVSWHQQZRQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHGYKYXGIWNSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2,4,6-tricarboxylic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=NC(C(O)=O)=C1 CHGYKYXGIWNSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZVLNAGYSAKYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 KZVLNAGYSAKYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DVECLMOWYVDJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-3-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 DVECLMOWYVDJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFCHNZDUMIOWFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrimidine-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=NC=CC=N1 ZFCHNZDUMIOWFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DJXNJVFEFSWHLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoline-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CN=C21 DJXNJVFEFSWHLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RAYMXZBXQCGRGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoline-5-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=CC2=N1 RAYMXZBXQCGRGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXGYRCVTBHVXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoline-6-carboxylic acid Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 VXGYRCVTBHVXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXXVQWSDMOAHHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoline-7-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=NC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 WXXVQWSDMOAHHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QRDZFPUVLYEQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoline-8-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 QRDZFPUVLYEQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJAWHXHKYYXBSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolinic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1C(O)=O GJAWHXHKYYXBSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007420 reactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Polymerization Catalysts (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Nitrogen And Oxygen As The Only Ring Hetero Atoms (AREA)
- Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US979,989 | 1992-11-23 | ||
| US07/979,989 US5332708A (en) | 1992-11-23 | 1992-11-23 | Catalyst compositions and catalytic processes |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1091999A CN1091999A (zh) | 1994-09-14 |
| CN1042899C true CN1042899C (zh) | 1999-04-14 |
Family
ID=25527273
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN93114941A Expired - Fee Related CN1042899C (zh) | 1992-11-23 | 1993-11-20 | 催化剂组合物和催化工艺 |
Country Status (20)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US5332708A (OSRAM) |
| EP (1) | EP0603557B1 (OSRAM) |
| JP (1) | JP3273093B2 (OSRAM) |
| KR (1) | KR100289343B1 (OSRAM) |
| CN (1) | CN1042899C (OSRAM) |
| AT (1) | ATE156140T1 (OSRAM) |
| AU (1) | AU667979B2 (OSRAM) |
| CA (1) | CA2104840C (OSRAM) |
| DE (1) | DE69312663T2 (OSRAM) |
| DK (1) | DK0603557T3 (OSRAM) |
| GR (1) | GR3024547T3 (OSRAM) |
| HU (1) | HU219357B (OSRAM) |
| MX (1) | MX9307188A (OSRAM) |
| NO (1) | NO302705B1 (OSRAM) |
| PL (1) | PL177969B1 (OSRAM) |
| SG (1) | SG73383A1 (OSRAM) |
| TR (1) | TR28108A (OSRAM) |
| TW (1) | TW261620B (OSRAM) |
| YU (1) | YU48428B (OSRAM) |
| ZA (1) | ZA938118B (OSRAM) |
Families Citing this family (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5332708A (en) * | 1992-11-23 | 1994-07-26 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Catalyst compositions and catalytic processes |
| EP0646413B1 (fr) * | 1993-09-22 | 2000-03-01 | Institut Français du Pétrole | Nouvelle composition contenant du nickel pour la catalyse et procédé de dimérisation et d'oligomérisation des oléfines |
| US5714556A (en) * | 1995-06-30 | 1998-02-03 | E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company | Olefin polymerization process |
| US5680461A (en) * | 1995-10-26 | 1997-10-21 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Secure network protocol system and method |
| HU223533B1 (hu) * | 1996-06-17 | 2004-08-30 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Vegyes átmenetifém katalizátor-rendszer olefinek polimerizálására |
| US6368708B1 (en) | 1996-06-20 | 2002-04-09 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Polyolefin microspheres |
| US6310154B1 (en) | 1997-01-08 | 2001-10-30 | Eastman Chemical Company | Solid acids as catalysts for the preparation of hydrocarbon resins |
| CN1482168A (zh) | 1997-12-19 | 2004-03-17 | 乙烯聚合物组合物和烯烃聚合物 | |
| WO1999048930A1 (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 1999-09-30 | Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd. | Catalysts for olefin polymer production and process for producing olefin polymer |
| US5932670A (en) * | 1998-03-30 | 1999-08-03 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Polymerization catalysts and processes therefor |
| US6150295A (en) * | 1998-03-30 | 2000-11-21 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Polymerization catalysts and processes therefor |
| DE19915108A1 (de) | 1999-04-01 | 2000-10-05 | Bayer Ag | Geträgerte Katalysatoren mit einer Donor-Akzeptor-Wechselwirkung |
| JP3736460B2 (ja) * | 1999-12-15 | 2006-01-18 | 株式会社日立製作所 | ゲートウェイおよびこのゲートウェイを用いた分散システム |
| US6498221B1 (en) * | 2000-03-30 | 2002-12-24 | Equistar Chemicals, Lp | Single-site catalysts containing chelating N-oxide ligands |
| CN101143907B (zh) * | 2007-11-01 | 2011-05-04 | 复旦大学 | 一种双核镍、铜烯烃聚合催化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
| US9365664B2 (en) | 2009-01-29 | 2016-06-14 | W. R. Grace & Co. -Conn. | Catalyst on silica clad alumina support |
| WO2010088013A1 (en) | 2009-01-29 | 2010-08-05 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Catalyst on silica clad alumina support |
| CN115254163B (zh) * | 2022-07-04 | 2023-06-30 | 大连科利德光电子材料有限公司 | 一种催化剂及其制备方法和在六氟丁二烯制备过程中的应用 |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4364855A (en) * | 1980-12-31 | 1982-12-21 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Production of aluminum phosphate from concentrated mass |
| US4487847A (en) * | 1983-07-25 | 1984-12-11 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Ethylene dimerization |
| US4628138A (en) * | 1985-09-20 | 1986-12-09 | Ashland Oil, Inc. | Catalyst and process for oligomerization of ethylene |
| US4698403A (en) * | 1985-10-15 | 1987-10-06 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Nickel-catalyzed copolymerization of ethylene |
Family Cites Families (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3100764A (en) * | 1960-08-04 | 1963-08-13 | Sun Oil Co | Control of pentane-soluble polymers in the polymerization of propylene |
| US3534006A (en) * | 1966-03-25 | 1970-10-13 | Toray Industries | Methods of polymerizing alpha-olefins with a transition metal and a bis(dialkylaluminumoxy)alkane compound |
| US3483269A (en) * | 1967-09-27 | 1969-12-09 | Shell Oil Co | Olefin oligomerization |
| US3647915A (en) * | 1969-11-04 | 1972-03-07 | Shell Oil Co | Ethylene oligomerization |
| US3644564A (en) * | 1969-12-19 | 1972-02-22 | Shell Oil Co | Ethylene oligomerization in the presence of complex nickel-fluorine-containing catalysts |
| US3686159A (en) * | 1969-12-19 | 1972-08-22 | Shell Oil Co | Ethylene polymerization |
| US3637636A (en) * | 1970-01-15 | 1972-01-25 | Shell Oil Co | Ethylene polymerization in the presence of complex nickel catalyst containing benzoic acid derivative ligands |
| US3661803A (en) * | 1970-01-15 | 1972-05-09 | Shell Oil Co | Ethylene polymerization in the presence of complex nickel catalysts containing a glycolic acid,thiogly colic,or thtolactic acid ligand |
| US3725306A (en) * | 1970-06-25 | 1973-04-03 | Atlantic Richfield Co | Nickel carbonyl complex catalyst |
| US3904550A (en) * | 1973-10-19 | 1975-09-09 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Hydrocarbon conversion catalyst comprising alumina and aluminum phosphate |
| GB1505652A (en) * | 1974-06-06 | 1978-03-30 | Ici Ltd | Oligomerising ethylene |
| US4233184A (en) * | 1979-01-18 | 1980-11-11 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Aluminum phosphate-alumina compositions and catalysts comprising the same |
| US4364854A (en) * | 1980-12-31 | 1982-12-21 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Acid gelling aluminum phosphate from concentrated mass and catalyst containing same |
| US4364842A (en) * | 1980-12-31 | 1982-12-21 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Phosphate supported chromium catalyst |
| US4482640A (en) * | 1983-05-02 | 1984-11-13 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Ethylene oligomerization |
| US4716205A (en) * | 1985-10-15 | 1987-12-29 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Nickel-catalyzed polymerization of ethylene |
| US4786714A (en) * | 1985-11-29 | 1988-11-22 | Shell Oil Company | Catalytic process for polymerizing carbon monoxide and olefin(s) with nitrogen bidentate ligand |
| JP2775804B2 (ja) * | 1989-02-03 | 1998-07-16 | 東ソー株式会社 | ポリエチレンの製法 |
| US5198512A (en) * | 1991-12-16 | 1993-03-30 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Polymerization catalyst and process |
| US5338812A (en) * | 1991-12-24 | 1994-08-16 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Olefin polymerization |
| US5272124A (en) * | 1992-11-20 | 1993-12-21 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Ethylene polymerization catalyst comprising a nickel compound and an aromatic carboxylic acid compound |
| US5332708A (en) * | 1992-11-23 | 1994-07-26 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Catalyst compositions and catalytic processes |
-
1992
- 1992-11-23 US US07/979,989 patent/US5332708A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-08-25 CA CA002104840A patent/CA2104840C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-10-29 ZA ZA938118A patent/ZA938118B/xx unknown
- 1993-10-30 TW TW082109107A patent/TW261620B/zh active
- 1993-11-17 AU AU50767/93A patent/AU667979B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-11-17 MX MX9307188A patent/MX9307188A/es not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-11-17 KR KR1019930024470A patent/KR100289343B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-11-18 JP JP28939393A patent/JP3273093B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-11-20 CN CN93114941A patent/CN1042899C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-11-22 NO NO934220A patent/NO302705B1/no unknown
- 1993-11-22 DK DK93118778.5T patent/DK0603557T3/da active
- 1993-11-22 SG SG1996003772A patent/SG73383A1/en unknown
- 1993-11-22 EP EP93118778A patent/EP0603557B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-11-22 HU HU9303310A patent/HU219357B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-11-22 DE DE69312663T patent/DE69312663T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-11-22 TR TR01094/93A patent/TR28108A/xx unknown
- 1993-11-22 AT AT93118778T patent/ATE156140T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-11-23 PL PL93301170A patent/PL177969B1/pl unknown
- 1993-11-23 YU YU73193A patent/YU48428B/sh unknown
-
1994
- 1994-04-29 US US08/235,051 patent/US5461126A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-08-26 GR GR970402187T patent/GR3024547T3/el unknown
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4364855A (en) * | 1980-12-31 | 1982-12-21 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Production of aluminum phosphate from concentrated mass |
| US4487847A (en) * | 1983-07-25 | 1984-12-11 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Ethylene dimerization |
| US4628138A (en) * | 1985-09-20 | 1986-12-09 | Ashland Oil, Inc. | Catalyst and process for oligomerization of ethylene |
| US4698403A (en) * | 1985-10-15 | 1987-10-06 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Nickel-catalyzed copolymerization of ethylene |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TR28108A (tr) | 1996-01-08 |
| HU9303310D0 (en) | 1994-03-28 |
| CA2104840A1 (en) | 1994-05-24 |
| ZA938118B (en) | 1994-06-23 |
| HU219357B (en) | 2001-03-28 |
| CN1091999A (zh) | 1994-09-14 |
| KR940011489A (ko) | 1994-06-21 |
| HUT76749A (en) | 1997-11-28 |
| EP0603557A1 (en) | 1994-06-29 |
| SG73383A1 (en) | 2000-06-20 |
| US5332708A (en) | 1994-07-26 |
| TW261620B (OSRAM) | 1995-11-01 |
| JP3273093B2 (ja) | 2002-04-08 |
| DK0603557T3 (da) | 1998-02-16 |
| MX9307188A (es) | 1994-08-31 |
| YU73193A (sh) | 1996-05-20 |
| YU48428B (sh) | 1998-07-10 |
| AU5076793A (en) | 1994-06-02 |
| DE69312663D1 (de) | 1997-09-04 |
| US5461126A (en) | 1995-10-24 |
| EP0603557B1 (en) | 1997-07-30 |
| DE69312663T2 (de) | 1997-12-04 |
| KR100289343B1 (ko) | 2001-05-02 |
| ATE156140T1 (de) | 1997-08-15 |
| CA2104840C (en) | 1998-06-30 |
| NO934220D0 (no) | 1993-11-22 |
| GR3024547T3 (en) | 1997-12-31 |
| PL177969B1 (pl) | 2000-02-29 |
| NO934220L (no) | 1994-05-24 |
| NO302705B1 (no) | 1998-04-14 |
| AU667979B2 (en) | 1996-04-18 |
| PL301170A1 (en) | 1994-05-30 |
| JPH06211925A (ja) | 1994-08-02 |
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