CN104285006B - 疏水施胶纤维幅材和用于制备施胶幅材层的方法 - Google Patents
疏水施胶纤维幅材和用于制备施胶幅材层的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及疏水施胶纤维幅材层,用于制备纤维幅材或基于纤维的涂层的方法,具有至少一个由所述纤维幅材形成的中间层的多层纸板产品,以及热敏的表面活性剂用于所述方法和产品的用途。根据该方法,使微纤化纤维素(MFC)和疏水胶料成为带有水和热敏的表面活性剂的泡沫,将该泡沫提供至造纸或纸板机的成形织物,通过经由成形织物的空气的抽吸脱水,并干燥为幅材产品。备选地,可以将该泡沫提供至预制的纤维幅材上并干燥,以形成涂布层。为了防止疏水施胶的逐渐劣化,最终将幅材中所含的表面活性剂的亲水官能性通过加热破坏。该方法使用例如基于AKD的表面活性剂,其具有通过热分解的亲水部分。如果还包含较大纤维长度的纸浆,如CTMP,得到高松厚度与高Scott结合值的组合,以为纸和纸板产品提供改善的湿拉伸强度和干拉伸强度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于制备纤维幅材的疏水施胶层的方法,可通过所述方法获得的疏水施胶纤维幅材,以及包含这种幅材作为至少一层的多层纸板。作为特别的方面,发泡技术在本发明中用于制备纤维幅材。
背景技术
在造纸工业中,已经在幅材形成工艺和幅材涂覆工艺两者中使用了泡沫技术,其中使用泡沫作为材料的载体相。该技术描述于例如以下出版物中:Radvan,B.,Gatward,A.P.J.,通过发泡过程形成湿铺幅材(Theformation of wet-laid webs by a foaming process),Tappi,第55卷(1972)第748页;Wiggins Teape Research and Development Ltd.的报告,在造纸中利用泡沫而非避免泡沫的新工艺(New process uses foam in papermakinginstead of avoiding it),Paper Trade Journal,1971年11月29日;和Smith,M.K.,Punton,V.W.,Rixson,A.G.,通过发泡过程形成的纸的结构和性能(The structure and properties of paper formed by a foaming process),TAPPI,1974年1月,第57卷,第1号,第107-111页。
在GB 1 395 757中,描述了一种用于在纸张制造中使用的用于制备发泡纤维分散体的装置。将表面活性剂加入至纤维长度超过约3mm的纤维浆,以提供具有至少65%的空气含量的分散体,其被排放到造纸机的成形织物上。目的是在织物上实现纤维幅材的均匀成形。
到上世纪70年代中期为止,泡沫成形工艺已经在生产机器上成功地得到证明。在Wiggins Teape Radfoam工艺(Arjo Wiggins)中,将纤维以在水性泡沫中的悬浮体的形式递送到常规的长网造纸机的丝网。该开发小组获得了在于长网造纸机上使用泡沫以非常高的水中纤维浓度(3-5%)制得的纸中的非层状3D结构。
当比较泡沫成形法和水成形法时,一个趋势是明显的。使用泡沫成形,松厚度更大,但是拉伸指数更小。伴随着更松散的结构,结构更加多孔,这导致较小的拉伸指数值。来自水成形样品和泡沫成形样品的比较的一个有趣的结果是,即使泡沫成形的样品松散得多,但在两种情况下拉伸刚度指数却非常接近。对此的原因目前尚属未知,并需要进一步的研究。
在发泡过程中使用的表面活性剂对于纸张幅材的干拉伸强度和湿拉伸强度两者都有负面的影响。
拉伸强度的损失可以通过当表面活性剂吸附在纤维表面上阻碍了纤维之间的氢键合时纸张的干拉伸强度下降解释。初始湿强度也由表面活性剂降低,特别是对于8-25%的干含量,这归因于表面张力的降低,其是由将湿纸张保持在一起的主要的力的减弱造成的。
根据目前的理解,妨碍泡沫成形成为纸、纸板和卡片纸板生产中标准的幅材形成技术的主要问题是:
-在某些应用中过高的多孔性,
-与普通低稠度湿法成形相比降低的强度性能,
-较差的Scott结合,
-较差的拉伸强度,和
-较差的弹性模量。
涉及通过发泡技术制备疏水施胶纤维幅材的特殊问题是,随着时间,表面活性剂倾向于损害施胶。表面活性剂为了其在水性介质中的功能必须具有疏水特性和亲水特性,通常,疏水和亲水部分分别作为相反的端基。然而,在干燥的幅材中,已知的表面活性剂,例如在GB 1 395 757中提及的那些,逐渐地失去它们的疏水官能性并转变成完全亲水的,因此有损于疏水施胶。迄今为止,发泡尚未应用于疏水施胶纸或纸板的制造。
与普通湿法成形相比,使用泡沫成形可以获得更高的松厚度(更低的密度)。对于典型的印刷和包装纸和纸板级别来说,主要的缺点是弹性模量(“柔软性”)的和内部强度(Scott结合或z-强度)的损失。然而,同样的特征在面巾纸制造中是优点。因此,在面巾纸产品中,泡沫成形已经更加普遍。
为了提高在成形织物上形成的纤维幅材中造纸化学品的脱水和保持,改进造纸的一个更近来的目标是将微纤化纤维素(MFC)结合在纸浆悬浮液中。US 6,602,994 B1教导了使用具有静电或空间功能性的衍生的MFC用于甚至包括更好的幅材形成的多种目的。根据该参考文献,微纤具有在5至100nm的范围内的直径。
然而,伴随MFC而来的缺点是纸的致密化和高干燥收缩,以及MFC吸收和保持大量水的倾向,这增加了干燥所需的能量,并且降低了造纸机速度和生产力。因为这些原因,迄今为止MFC尚未在造纸工业中赢得广泛的使用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,通过找到一种通过泡沫成形制备疏水施胶纤维层的方法,其中疏水施胶将随时间保持不变,以在印刷和包装纸和纸板方面克服或大大减少上述问题。根据本发明的方案是,通过以下步骤制备幅材:(i)使水、微纤化纤维素(MFC)、疏水胶料和热敏的表面活性剂成为泡沫,(ii)将所述泡沫提供至成形织物上,(iii)将所述泡沫在所述成形织物上经由抽吸脱水,以形成幅材,(iv)对所述幅材进行干燥,以及(v)将所述幅材加热以抑制所述表面活性剂的亲水官能性。
根据本发明的优选实施方案,将表面活性剂通过加热分解,以将亲水部分从疏水残余物移除。例如,US 2005/0250861 A1描述了可解离型不耐热表面活性剂,其具有包含β-酮酸基的亲水部分,所述亲水部分通过热依赖于pH分解成CO2、HCO3 -或CO3 -2,而疏水残余物将保留下来。优选地,当将幅材在造纸或纸板机的干燥筒上干燥时,至少大部分不耐热的表面活性剂将通过干燥热而分解。剩余的将在制备时在纸或纸板的热辊中分解。然而,如果需要,可以在辊压之前安排幅材的额外加热,用于将残余的表面活性剂分解。
优选地,疏水胶料是烷基烯酮二聚物(AKD)或其衍生物。然而,烯基琥珀酸酐(ASA)或松香胶料可以用作备选物。疏水胶料的量优选大于1kg/吨干燥纸浆。通过Cobb 60s水测试得到的最终幅材的疏水程度优选小于30g/m2。
表面活性剂可以有利地通过用碱、醇或水活化从AKD前体形成。产物是不稳定的离子型表面活性剂,其通过加热分解生成不亲水的酮。用泡沫进行的测试显示,具有这样的基于AKD的表面活性剂的发泡性随着升高的温度逐渐下降,在95℃下,泡沫在几分钟内消失。该结果表明,当幅材运行通过纸或纸板机的干燥部时,表面活性剂将基本上分解。
抑制表面活性剂的亲水特性的备选途径是通过加热将表面活性剂变为不可溶的。这样的表面活性剂的一个实例是直链乙氧基化C11-醇。作为典型的商业产品,可以举出可得自Air Products and Chemicals Inc.的
MFC的微原纤维典型地具有约100nm至10μm的纤维长度和约3至50nm的纤维直径。当用于限定本发明时,术语微纤化纤维素(MFC)也涵盖纳米原纤化纤维素(NFC)。
在泡沫中所含的MFC至少部分地提供幅材的纤维基料,并且还通过限制泡沫中的气泡尺寸生长对泡沫的稳定化作出贡献。为了增加泡沫的稳定化,可以有利地将蛋白质如酪蛋白或聚乙烯醇(PVOH)结合在其中。
因为表面活性剂,例如基于AKD的和所有皂类,对于在硬自来水中存在的钙和镁是敏感的,可以加入配合剂如EDTA和DTPA用于将Ca和Mg结合为配合物。同时,可以将泡沫的pH调节得充分高,例如通过NaHCO3-缓冲剂的方式,以防止CaCO3的溶解,或者可以提供CO2,以将任何溶解的Ca++转变成CaCO3。
对于在成形织物上新形成的纤维幅材,优选将MFC与不同种类的纤维浆混合,其目的通常为增加所形成的幅材的松厚度。
为了幅材额外的施胶,也可以将淀粉结合在泡沫中,优选以大于15kg/吨干燥纸浆的量,更优选大于20kg/吨干燥纸浆。淀粉改善在成形织物上的保持力,并且与MFC具有协同效果,降低幅材的收缩并改善幅材强度。MFC与淀粉的比率通常在1∶1至2∶1的范围内。
作为本发明的一个实施方案,高纤维长度的机械或化学纸浆可以与MFC组合结合在泡沫中。这样的组合赋予纸或纸板产品充分提高的强度,同时保持如发泡技术所寻求的那样的低密度。
通常,结合在泡沫中的纤维组分由约5至40重量%、优选10至40重量%的MFC和约60至95重量%、优选60至90重量%的具有较长纤维的纸浆组成。
按照定义,与MFC组合的纸浆具有较大的纤维长度,优选约1mm以上。特别适合用于本发明的纸浆是化学热磨机械纸浆(CTMP),特别是高温CTMP。然而,其他可用于该目的的长纤维纸浆是化学浆、化学机械纸浆(CMP)、热磨机械纸浆(TMP)、GW以及其他高收率纸浆如APMP和NSSC。
不限定于任何理论,据信在该组合中,CTMP等的长纤维提供了松散的结构,并且MFC提供了长纤维之间的连接。已经发现,该方法获得至少2.5cm3/g、优选3至7cm3/g的松厚度。还证实了,该方法用CTMP研磨次品也很好地工作,对于产品例如三层包装纸板中间层,显示使用更少精制纸浆的可能性。
在泡沫成形中,单独的长纤维或MFC自身都不能够形成絮凝物,然而,MFC能够在单独的长纤维之间建立桥,因此出人意料地赋予幅材良好的强度性能。
当泡沫成形妨碍在长纤维之间形成絮凝物时,可以获得非常好的克重构造。这改善了印刷品质的均匀性,因为在纸和纸板中品质变化较少。
这些刚性的CTMP的长纤维能够在湿压榨中和干燥中保持松散结构,因此对纸片提供了出人意料的良好的松厚度。
在水成形样品和泡沫成形样品的比较中,一个有趣的结果是,即使泡沫成形的样品松散得多,但在两种情况下拉伸刚度指数却非常接近。对此的原因目前尚属未知,并需要进一步的研究。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,在纸或纸板机的连续运行的成形织物上以工业规模形成连续的纤维幅材,通过经过幅材和成形织物的抽吸脱水,并最终在纸或纸板机的干燥部中干燥。
可以通过在最多0.6巴的压力下经过幅材和成形织物的空气的抽吸将幅材脱水,之后在最多约0.3巴的压力下通过空气的抽吸预干燥。
根据本发明的再进一步的实施方案,在将泡沫提供到成形织物上之前,使其达到60至70体积%的空气含量。进行发泡的纸浆的稠度基于水的量在1至2%的范围内。在泡沫中的表面活性剂的合适的量可以在0.05至2.5重量%的范围内,但是将可以由技术人员简单地确定。如上所述,硬水的使用需要更大量的表面活性剂或需要使用配合剂以结合Ca和Mg。
通过在泡沫中使用长纤维素纤维和外加的微纤化纤维素,泡沫成形可以用于制备所有需要最佳可能的成形与最佳可能的弯曲刚性的组合的纸和纸板级别的方法。
这样的产品包括例如所有纸板级别,如
-纸箱纸板、挂面白纸板、单一漂白浆纸板、单一未漂浆纸板、液体包装纸板等,
-容器纸板,包括挂面纸板、瓦楞原纸等,
-特种纸板,包括芯层用纸板、壁纸原纸、书皮纸板、木浆纸板等。
产品还包括例如纸级别如新闻用纸、改良新闻用纸、凹版印刷纸、MFC、LWC、WFC、铜版纸和ULWC。
高松厚度高强度结构也可以例如用于:
-用作多层结构(纸和纸板)中的中间层,
-用于层压到其他纸结构体和/或塑料膜层,
-用作用于与塑料一起挤出涂覆的纤维基料,
-用作隔热、隔噪音、液体和水分吸收体,
-用作模制结构体如托盘、杯子、容器的可成形层。
通过上述方法获得的根据本发明的疏水施胶纤维幅材包含与疏水胶料一起的微纤化纤维素(MFC)和较大纤维长度的纸浆的混合物,并且具有至少2.5cm3/g的松厚度,优选3至7cm3/g的松厚度。
根据本发明的纤维幅材优选具有在120至200J/m2的范围内的Scott结合值。
根据本发明的纤维幅材中的较大纤维长度的纸浆可以是机械纸浆,优选CTMP。通常,该纤维幅材包含约5至40重量%的MFC和约60至95重量%的较大纤维长度的纸浆。
在幅材中,可以包含另外的施胶组分,如淀粉。
当根据本发明的纤维幅材用作多层纸板或卡片纸板中的单一层时,它可以定位为中间层,而外表面层可以是比所述中间层松厚度低的纤维幅材。例如,通过标准造纸技术制成的具有高弹性模量的更致密的打印纸层可以构成这样的外层。可以通过使用本发明获得的多层产品包括例如液体包装纸板和杯纸板。然而,可以通过根据本发明的泡沫成形技术制备多层纸板的所有层。因此,MFC和CTMP的更松散的中间层和MFC和牛皮纸浆的较薄的外层,或仅MFC的涂布层,可以各自泡沫成形并疏水施胶,以防止液体向多层纸板材料中的毛边渗透(REP)。
除了在造纸或纸板机的成形织物上形成的幅材之外,本发明也可以用于向预先形成的纤维幅材基料上提供纤维涂布层。在这种情况下,根据本发明的方法包括以下步骤:(i)使水、微纤化纤维素(MFC)、疏水胶料和热敏的表面活性剂成为泡沫,(ii)将所述泡沫作为涂层提供至所述纤维幅材上,(iii)对所述涂层进行干燥,以及(iv)将所述涂层加热,以抑制所述表面活性剂的亲水官能性。
在根据本发明的涂层应用中,优选MFC独自形成泡沫的纤维成分。此外,在上文讨论的和/或要求的各种涉及在成形织物上形成幅材的实施方案和参数也可以用于所述涂层应用中。然而,一个例外是泡沫的空气含量,其在涂层用途中可以高达80体积%。如果需要,可以在泡沫中结合颜料、PVOH、羧甲基纤维素和其他常用表面施胶和矿物涂层组分。大部分热敏的表面活性剂将在所涂布幅材的红外干燥中分解,任何残余物将在制备时在纸或纸板幅材辊中分解。
本发明的再另一个方面是热敏的表面活性剂用于形成纤维幅材的疏水施胶层的应用。这样的应用包括使水、纤维素纤维、疏水胶料和所述热敏的表面活性剂成为泡沫,将所述泡沫作为一层提供至基板上,对所述层进行干燥,并将所述层加热以抑制所述表面活性剂的亲水官能性。此前,热敏的表面活性剂尚未用于或被建议用于通过泡沫技术的纸幅材形成或涂层。当用于疏水施胶幅材和涂层时,本发明解决了当前表面活性剂逐渐破坏疏水施胶的问题。本发明以及其益处不依赖于纤维素纤维的类型,但是,MFC独自用于泡沫涂层的应用与MFC和较长纤维的混合物用于基于泡沫的幅材成形的应用是特别优选的。
具体实施方式
实施例
装置如下:
使用AKD(Precis 900液体AKD,由Ashland提供)作为表面活性剂前体。使用100分钟方案,在KOH/乙醇/水溶液中将AKD活化。该方案给出0.15%乙醇,并且在以下纸浆中给出1.5%乙醇作为副产物,并且纸浆因为残留的KOH将是稍有碱性的。在发泡之前,用稀盐酸将pH调节至8。
通过用自来水稀释,由16%漂白桦木浆制备2%干燥固体稠度的纸浆。使用自来水以模拟真实性并考虑硬度为约3-4德制度的水中的Ca/Mg离子的钙-皂沉淀。
以每100ml稀释纸浆0.01g和每100ml稀释纸浆0.1g的量,加入0.01g活化的ADK-表面活性剂。
通过在食品型(food-type)混合器中全速混合1分钟,使200ml所获得的纸浆和表面活性剂的混合物发泡,并直接转移至1000ml测量筒中。通过测量泡沫体积、排液体积和泡沫膨胀数(筒中泡沫的总体积/200ml未发泡的混合物),在t=0、t=1分钟、t=5分钟和t=10分钟监测发泡。
结果
0.2%的表面活性剂(它的一半由于水中的硬度而消耗,但是,可以通过络合剂,或者通过如果使用AKD-施胶,处理液已被AKD-钙皂饱和这一事实,来将其固定),初始200ml纸浆(2%),其转化成为含有70ml空气和100ml排水的170ml的发泡纸浆。
发泡的纸浆随时间是非常稳定的,在10分钟内没有检测到破裂。空气含量为70/170或41%。气泡尺寸测量为令人满意的。
结果显示,基于AKD的表面活性剂确实与纸浆接触形成泡沫。
Claims (28)
1.一种用于制备纤维幅材的疏水施胶层的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
-使水、微纤化纤维素、疏水胶料和热敏的表面活性剂成为泡沫,
-将所述泡沫提供至成形织物上,
-将所述泡沫在所述成形织物上经由抽吸脱水,以形成幅材,
-对所述幅材进行干燥,以及
-将所述幅材加热以抑制所述表面活性剂的亲水官能性。
2.权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述疏水胶料是烷基烯酮二聚物或其衍生物。
3.权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于将所述表面活性剂通过加热分解,以将亲水部分从疏水残余物移除。
4.权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于所述表面活性剂通过用碱、醇或水活化由烷基烯酮二聚物前体形成。
5.权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于将所述表面活性剂通过加热转化为不可溶的。
6.权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于所述表面活性剂是直链乙氧基化C11-醇。
7.权利要求1-6中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于将蛋白质结合在所述泡沫中用于使其稳定化。
8.权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于所述蛋白质是酪蛋白。
9.权利要求1-6中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于将淀粉结合在所述泡沫中用于所述幅材的额外施胶。
10.权利要求1-6中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于将较大纤维长度的纸浆结合在所述泡沫中。
11.权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于所述较大纤维长度的纸浆是机械纸浆。
12.权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于所述机械纸浆是化学热磨机械纸浆。
13.权利要求1-6中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于结合在所述泡沫中的纤维组分由5至40重量%的微纤化纤维素和60至95重量%的具有较长纤维的纸浆组成。
14.权利要求1-6中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于连续的纤维幅材在纸或纸板机的运行的成形织物上形成,通过经由所述幅材和所述成形织物的抽吸脱水,并最终在所述纸或纸板机的干燥部中干燥。
15.一种用于在纤维幅材上提供疏水施胶涂布层的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
-使水、微纤化纤维素、疏水胶料和热敏表面活性剂成为泡沫,
-将所述泡沫作为涂层提供至所述纤维幅材上,
-对所述涂层进行干燥,以及
-将所述涂层加热,以抑制所述表面活性剂的亲水官能性。
16.一种可以通过权利要求1-14中的任一项所述的方法获得的疏水施胶纤维幅材,其特征在于所述幅材包含与疏水胶料一起的微纤化纤维素和较大纤维长度的纸浆的混合物,所述幅材具有至少2.5cm3/g的松厚度。
17.权利要求16所述的纤维幅材,其特征在于所述幅材具有3至7cm3/g的松厚度。
18.权利要求16所述的纤维幅材,其特征在于所述幅材具有120至200J/m2的Scott结合值。
19.权利要求16-18中的任一项所述的纤维幅材,其特征在于所述幅材包含淀粉作为另外的施胶组分。
20.权利要求16-18中的任一项所述的纤维幅材,其特征在于所述较长纤维长度的纸浆是机械纸浆。
21.权利要求20所述的纤维幅材,其特征在于所述机械纸浆是化学热磨机械纸浆。
22.权利要求16-18中的任一项所述的纤维幅材,其特征在于所述幅材的纤维组分由5至40重量%的微纤化纤维素和60至95重量%的具有较长纤维的纸浆组成。
23.一种多层纸板,其特征在于多个层中至少一层是根据权利要求16-22中的任一项所述的纤维幅材。
24.权利要求23所述的多层纸板,其特征在于所述纸板是液体包装纸板,所述液体包装纸板包含根据权利要求16-22中的任一项所述的纤维幅材作为中间层,和在所述中间层的两侧上的松厚度比所述中间层低的外层。
25.热敏表面活性剂的用途,其用于通过使水、纤维素纤维、疏水胶料和所述热敏的表面活性剂成为泡沫,将所述泡沫作为一层提供至基板上,对所述层进行干燥,并将所述层加热以抑制所述表面活性剂的亲水官能性,从而形成纤维幅材的疏水施胶层。
26.权利要求25所述的用途,其中所述纤维素纤维包含微纤化纤维素。
27.权利要求26所述的用途,其中将所述泡沫作为涂布层提供至形成所述基板的纤维幅材。
28.权利要求26所述的用途,其中所述纤维素纤维包含与较长纤维长度的纸浆混合的微纤化纤维素,并且将所述泡沫作为一层提供至充当所述基板的成形织物上,以通过抽吸脱水并形成纤维幅材。
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PCT/FI2013/050471 WO2013160564A1 (en) | 2012-04-26 | 2013-04-25 | Hydrophobically sized fibrous web and a method for the preparation of a sized web layer |
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CA2871555C (en) | 2020-03-24 |
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EP2841651A1 (en) | 2015-03-04 |
US10364533B2 (en) | 2019-07-30 |
BR112014026790B1 (pt) | 2021-04-06 |
US20170335522A1 (en) | 2017-11-23 |
RU2635615C2 (ru) | 2017-11-14 |
RU2014146501A (ru) | 2016-06-20 |
CN104285006A (zh) | 2015-01-14 |
US20150096700A1 (en) | 2015-04-09 |
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JP6310446B2 (ja) | 2018-04-11 |
EP2841651B1 (en) | 2017-11-01 |
BR112014026790A2 (pt) | 2017-06-27 |
WO2013160564A1 (en) | 2013-10-31 |
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EP2841651A4 (en) | 2015-12-09 |
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