CN104283332B - 无线功率磁谐振器中的高效率和功率转移 - Google Patents

无线功率磁谐振器中的高效率和功率转移 Download PDF

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CN104283332B
CN104283332B CN201410482667.XA CN201410482667A CN104283332B CN 104283332 B CN104283332 B CN 104283332B CN 201410482667 A CN201410482667 A CN 201410482667A CN 104283332 B CN104283332 B CN 104283332B
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antenna
reception antenna
resonant tank
resonant
coupling
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CN104283332A (zh
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汉斯彼得·威德默
奈杰尔·P·库克
卢卡斯·西贝尔
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Qualcomm Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2208—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems
    • H01Q1/2225—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems used in active tags, i.e. provided with its own power source or in passive tags, i.e. deriving power from RF signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/06—Details
    • H01Q9/065—Microstrip dipole antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/05—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using capacitive coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
    • H02J50/23—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves characterised by the type of transmitting antennas, e.g. directional array antennas or Yagi antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
    • H02J50/27—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves characterised by the type of receiving antennas, e.g. rectennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/40—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/70—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes
    • H04B5/79—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes for data transfer in combination with power transfer

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及无线功率磁谐振器中的高效率和功率转移。本发明提供用于在诱发高功率转移和/或高耦合效率的电平下进行无线功率发射的技术。

Description

无线功率磁谐振器中的高效率和功率转移
分案申请的相关信息
本申请是申请号为PCT/US2008/076559，申请日为2008年9月16日，优先权日为2007年9月17日，发明名称为“无线功率磁谐振器中的高效率和功率转移”的PCT申请进入国家阶段后申请号为200880107520.5的中国发明专利申请的分案申请。
本申请案主张2007年9月17日申请的第60/973,166号临时申请案的优先权，所述临时申请案的整个揭示内容以引用的方式并入本文中。
背景技术
在不使用电线来引导电磁场的情况下需要从源向目的地转移电能。先前尝试的困难是低效率以及所递送功率的量不适当。
我们的先前申请案和临时申请案描述了无线功率转移，所述申请案包含(但不限于)2008年1月22日申请的题目为“无线设备和方法(Wireless Apparatus and Methods)”的第12/018,069号美国专利申请案，所述美国专利申请案的整个揭示内容以引用的方式并入本文中。
所述系统可使用优选为谐振天线的发射天线和接收天线，所述天线大体上例如在5％-10％谐振、15％谐振或20％谐振内谐振。天线优选具有小尺寸以允许其配合到其中用于天线的可用空间可能有限的移动手持式装置中。可通过在发射天线的近场中存储能量而不是将能量以行进电磁波的形式发送到自由空间中来在两个天线之间实行有效的功率转移。可使用具有高质量因数的天线。放置两个高Q天线以使得其类似于松散耦合变压器而起作用，其中一个天线将功率感应到另一天线中。所述天线优选具有大于1000的Q。
发明内容
本申请案描述具有高效率和/或高功率的经由电磁场耦合的从功率源向功率目的地的能量转移。实施例描述操作和实际效率。
附图说明
现在将参看附图详细描述这些和其它方面，在附图中：
图1展示基于磁波的无线功率发射系统的框图；
图2说明包含放大器耦合回路和天线的发射器框图；
图3说明包含耦合回路、接收器和调谐元件处的趋势的接收器框图；
图4说明随距离而变的所接收功率；
图5说明随距离而变的最大可转移功率；
图6说明随距离而变的转移效率；
图7说明相对于天线直径而标准化的效率；以及
图8说明天线测量设置。
具体实施方式
图1中展示基本实施例。功率发射器组合件100从源(例如，AC插头102)接收功率。频率产生器104用以将能量耦合到天线110(此处为谐振天线)。天线110包含电感性回路111，其以电感性方式耦合到高Q谐振天线部分112。谐振天线包含N数目个线圈回路113，每一回路具有半径RA。电容器114(此处展示为可变电容器)与线圈113串联，从而形成谐振回路。在所述实施例中，电容器是与线圈完全分离的结构，但在某些实施例中，形成线圈的电线的自电容可形成电容114。
频率产生器104可优选经调谐到天线110，且还经选择以获得FCC顺应性。
此实施例使用多向天线。115展示在所有方向上输出的能量。在天线的大部分输出不是电磁辐射能量而是较为静止的磁场的意义上，天线100是非辐射性的。当然，来自天线的部分输出将实际上辐射。
另一实施例可使用辐射性天线。
接收器150包含与发射天线110相距距离D放置的接收天线155。接收天线类似地为具有线圈部分和电容器的高Q谐振线圈天线151，其耦合到电感性耦合回路152。耦合回路152的输出在整流器160中整流，且施加于负载。所述负载可为任何类型的负载，例如为例如灯泡等电阻性负载，或者例如电器、计算机、可再充电电池、音乐播放器或汽车等电子装置负载。
能量可通过电场耦合或磁场耦合而转移，但本文主要描述磁场耦合作为一实施例。
电场耦合提供电感性加载的电偶极，其为开路电容器或介电圆盘。外来物体可能对电场耦合提供相对强的影响。磁场耦合可为优选的，因为磁场中的外来物体具有与“空白”空间相同的磁性质。
所述实施例描述使用电容性加载的磁偶极的磁场耦合。此偶极由形成线圈的至少一个回路或匝的电线回路与将天线电加载到谐振状态中的电容器串联形成。
我们的先前申请案已经描述了单匝回路用作谐振器的优点。本申请案描述两个不同单匝回路可如何用以在无线功率发射系统中产生显著增加的范围。
在实施例中，使用图8所示的测试设置来实行测试。发射器801是45cm直径的6mm电线回路。接收器由40cm x 30mm铜回路形成。请注意，接收器天线通常出于封装目的而应较小。如本文中进一步解释，测试结果是完全互逆的，进而避免所接收功率中的任何差异。
天线802具有比天线801低约20kHz的谐振频率。调谐回路803用以使接收天线802的谐振频率移位以与发射天线801的谐振频率匹配。信号耦合到耦合回路804且耦合到负载805。
图2说明包含放大器耦合回路和天线的发射器框图。在操作中，RF产生器用以创建13.56MHz连续波信号。放大器205提供50dB放大以在206处产生25W的最大功率输出。出于所述测试的目的，使用模拟功率计。将功率提供到耦合回路220，所述耦合回路220邻近于天线801且以无线方式耦合到天线801，天线801由回路250和电容器252形成，电容器252将回路带到在13.56MHz处的谐振。
图3展示接收器，其包含由电感回路350和电容器352形成的接收回路102、调谐回路803和接收功率的耦合回路320。数字功率计330测试在20dB衰减器进行衰减之后接收到的功率的量。
与调谐回路组合的接收侧谐振器回路如同具有低但可调整的耦合因数的1∶1变压器一样起作用。耦合因数是主回路与调谐回路之间的距离。调谐回路可被视为产生短路的次级回路。所述短路使谐振器的总电感减少取决于耦合因数的小部分，因此在不显著减少质量因数的情况下增加了其谐振频率。接收回路102和调谐回路803可连接到滑架333，所述滑架可使所述两个回路相对于彼此移动。如果使用具有低电感电容比的谐振器，那么其可能极为有效。
图4说明随指定距离而变的所接收功率。根据此测试，距离从1.6m变化到4m。未测量比1.6m近的距离，因为较近距离可致使系统去谐。因此，内插这些值，以避免去谐效应。近场到远场的过渡在13.56MHz下在约31/2m处发生。此距离使优选定向从同轴改变为共面，进而显著影响可接收到的功率的量。图4展示在3.5m处，所接收功率由于此定向变化而接近0W。
在大于1.7m的距离处，所计划距离与所计算距离紧密相关。
图5说明最大可转移功率。这些天线为高度线性的，这意味着如果发射器功率加倍，那么接收功率也将加倍。发射回路仅受电容器的额定电压和电流限制；前提条件是存在充分的冷却。30mm铜回路使用具有9kV峰值和100安运载限值的200pF电容器。这提供约300W的发射功率。
因为系统是线性的，所以图5展示按300W的发射功率缩放的数据点。这展示现有系统可在1.6m的距离处转移67W。这些电平将超过ICNIRP所建议的最大辐射暴露限制。然而，图6中展示转移效率，其说明对于小于21/2m的所有距离来说转移效率均为-15dB。图7相对于天线直径来标准化此距离。图7中还展示MIT所执行的测试。
结论如下。除了最靠近近场边界的区和在紧密距离处外，天线为高度线性的，且可简单地使功率加倍来使所接收功率加倍。
系统可在1.5m的距离上以25W的发射功率和25％的转移效率来操作。系统相对于谐振频率和Q因数来说极为稳定。系统也可在1.5m的距离处提供达70W的功率。向较小距离的外推也可以是可能的。
虽然上文已经详细揭示了仅几个实施例，但其它实施例也是可能的，且发明人希望这些实施例涵盖在本说明书内。说明书描述用以实现可以另一方式实现的较一般目标的具体实例。此揭示内容既定为示范性的，且权利要求书既定涵盖所属领域的一般技术人员可能可预测到的任何修改或替代。举例来说，可使用其它尺寸、材料和连接。虽然天线的耦合部分展示为单个电线回路，但应理解，此耦合部分可具有多个电线回路。其它实施例可使用所述实施例的类似原理，且同样等效地适用于主要静电和/或电动力场耦合。大体上，可使用电场来代替磁场作为主要耦合机制。
而且，发明人希望仅使用词“用于...的装置”的那些权利要求既定根据35USC 112第六节来解释。此外，不希望来自说明书的任何限制对任何权利要求添加另外的意义，除非那些限制明确地包含于权利要求中。
在本文提到特定数字值的情况下，应认为，所述值可增加或减少20％，同时仍保留在本申请案的教示内，除非具体提到某种不同的范围。在使用指定的逻辑意义的情况下，还既定涵盖相反的逻辑意义。

Claims (20)

1.一种无线功率发射系统，其包括：
发射天线，其经配置以经由磁场向接收天线发射功率以对负载供电；以及
调谐回路，其与所述发射天线电绝缘，且可相对于所述发射天线移动，以调整所述发射天线与所述调谐回路之间的耦合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述调谐回路相对于所述接收天线可移动。
3.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述调谐回路经配置以基于其相对于所述发射天线的移动来调整所述耦合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述接收天线可移动。
5.根据权利要求4所述的系统，其中所述发射天线经配置以基于所述接收天线的移动来进一步调整所述耦合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述调谐回路经配置以使所述接收天线的谐振频率与所述发射天线的谐振频率大致匹配。
7.根据权利要求6所述的系统，其中所述接收天线的所述谐振频率低于所述发射天线的所述谐振频率，且其中所述调谐回路进一步经配置以将所述接收天线的所述谐振频率提高到与所述发射天线的所述谐振频率大致相同。
8.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述调谐回路的尺寸小于所述发射天线的尺寸。
9.一种发射功率的方法，其包括：
经由磁场从发射天线向接收天线发射功率以对负载供电，所述发射天线与调谐回路电绝缘；以及
相对于所述发射天线移动所述调谐回路以调整所述发射天线与所述调谐回路之间的耦合。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其进一步包括移动所述接收天线以进一步调整所述耦合。
11.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其进一步包括相对于所述接收天线移动所述调谐回路。
12.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中所述移动包括使所述接收天线的谐振频率与所述发射天线的谐振频率大致匹配。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中所述接收天线的所述谐振频率低于所述发射天线的所述谐振频率，且其中所述移动进一步包括将所述接收天线的所述谐振频率提高到与所述发射天线的所述谐振频率大致相同。
14.一种无线功率接收器，其包括：
接收天线，其经配置以经由磁场从发射天线接收功率以对负载供电；以及
调谐回路，其与所述接收天线电绝缘，且可相对于所述接收天线移动，以调整所述接收天线与所述调谐回路之间的耦合。
15.根据权利要求14所述的接收器，其中所述调谐回路与所述负载电绝缘。
16.根据权利要求14所述的接收器，其中所述调谐回路进一步经配置以基于所述接收天线与所述调谐回路之间的耦合因子来调整所述耦合。
17.根据权利要求14所述的接收器，其进一步包括耦合回路，所述耦合回路经配置以由电感性方式从所述接收天线接收所发射的功率并向所述负载提供所接收的功率。
18.根据权利要求17所述的接收器，其中所述耦合回路的尺寸小于所述接收天线的尺寸。
19.根据权利要求17所述的接收器，其中所述耦合回路的尺寸与所述调谐回路的尺寸大致相似。
20.根据权利要求14所述的接收器，其中所述调谐回路至少部分覆盖所述接收天线的周边。
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