CN102714430A - 多功能无线供电系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种无线供电系统具有以下至少一项:远程设备,具有能够从不同无线电源接收电力的多个无线电力输入;远程设备,包括可以选择性地被配置用于多个用途的混合次级;包括混合次级的远程设备;具有低功率模式的远场无线电源;远程设备,具有与多个不同无线电源通信以指示无线供电热点在附近的能力;包括多个无线电力发射器的无线电源。
Description
背景技术
便携电子设备的广泛及持续增长的使用已经导致对无线供电解决方案的需要的急剧增加。无线电源系统消除了对电源线的需要并且因此消除与电源线关联的许多不便。例如无线供电解决方案可以消除:(i)对保持和存放电源线收集的需要、(ii)线产生的不美观的混乱、(i)对反复物理上连接和物理上断开远程设备与线的需要、(iv)对需要供电(诸如再充电)的任何时候都携带电源线的需要以及(v)难以标识电源线收集中的哪个用于每个设备。
有多个不同类型的无线电源系统。例如许多无线电源系统依赖于感应电力传送以传送电功率而无导线。一种无线电力传送系统包括使用初级线圈以可变电磁场的形式无线传送能量的感应电源和使用次级线圈以将电磁场中的能量转换成电功率的远程设备。聊举数例,其他类型的已知无线电力传送解决方案包括RF共振无线供电系统、RF多滤波器广播无线供电系统和磁共振或者共振感应耦合无线供电系统。多个现有无线供电系统利用在电力传送系统与远程设备之间的通信以辅助电力的传送。
对提供通用无线供电解决方案的努力因多种实际困难而复杂。一种困难是缺乏无线电源基础设施。就现在而言,可用无线电源的数量与远程设备的数量相比相对小。在一些远程设备与一些无线电源系统之间的不兼容加剧这一问题。为了远程设备从无线电源接收无线电力,远程设备通常包括无线电力接收器。无线电力接收器经常包括不同部件或者根据既定无线电源来不同地控制无线电力接收器。例如如果远程设备通过RF收获(harvest)来接收电力则它可以包括RF天线,不同远程设备可以包括具有特定参数集合的次级线圈以通过共振感应耦合或者磁共振来接收电力,并且又一远程设备可以包括LC电路和次级线圈以接收中等范围感应共振电力。另一示例是如下中等范围系统,该系统被调谐成可以在很接范围处禁止良好耦合的更大线圈并且然后在调谐LC电路时在更近距离切换成共振感应耦合。目前,能够接收无线电力的远程设备包括单个无线电力接收系统并且因此仅能利用无线供电基础设施的子集。遗憾的是,包括用于每类所需无线电力的单独无线电力接收系统出于多种原因而可能不切实际。一个原因是消费者电子设备中的可用空间缩减。另一原因是包括用于每个无线电力接收器的电路(诸如单独接收元件、单独通信系统、单独整流器和单独控制器)增添远程设备的成本和大小。如果使用多个单独无线供电系统,则系统将包括增加成本和大小的若干控制器、通信系统和整流器。
除了通用无线供电解决方案的复杂性之外,也有由于在远程设备无线供电系统与远程设备通信系统之间的相互作用而出现的问题。例如某些无线电源可能在一些境况中干扰或者损害远程设备通信系统。每个系统可以在空间或者时间中用来在多个使用场景内提供最佳供电。另外,上文关于多个无线电源提到的空间考虑也延及具有占用远程设备内的宝贵空间的无线接收器系统和单独通信系统。
随着无线供电技术演进并且变得更普遍,支持基础设施和与该基础设施通信的能力将变得越来越重要。可能的是消费者将想要能够在尽可能多的无线热点而不是支持他们的特定设备中的技术的热点的仅子集处对他们的设备充电。
发明内容
在本发明的第一方面中,一种远程设备适于管理多个无线电力输入,其中每个无线电力输入能够从不同无线电源接收电力。该远程设备包括控制器,该控制器能够监视多个无线电力输入并且如果适合则能够使用多个通信方法来与一个或者多个无线电源通信。在一个实施例中,至少一些无线电力输入共享整流器、控制器和通信系统中的至少一个元件。在一个实施例中,控制器被编程为通过判决应当使用哪个无线电力输入(如果有)向远程设备的负载提供电力来管理多个无线电力输入。控制器可以在做出判决时考虑多种因素(诸如存在于每个无线电力输入上的电力的一个或者多个特性)。它也可以考虑功率状态和负载以向用户提供供电和充电选项并且传送信息。控制器可以被编程为确定哪个电力输入将具有最佳效率或者最高充电能力并且判决使用若干无线电力输入或者使用所选源。另外,控制器可以在管理判决中与远程设备的功率管理系统配合。
在本发明的第二方面中,一种远程设备包括可以选择性地被配置用于多个用途的混合次级。在一个实施例中,混合次级可以选择性地被配置成无线接收电力或者无线传送高速数据。在另一实施例中,混合次级元件可以选择性地被配置成从第一无线电源接收无线电力或者从第二无线电源接收无线电力。混合次级比两个对应单独次级元件占用更少空间。混合次级可以在设备的一个区域内用来最小化大小并且并入若干无线供电元件以便最佳使用向外界暴露的空间(称为用于无线供电的孔)。例如,其中远程设备包括如下壳,该壳具有能够传递无线通信和无线电力的孔,混合次级元件可以在远程设备的孔内占用比两个单独次级元件将在孔中占用的物理空间相对更少量的物理空间。
在本发明的这一方面中,多个无线接收器可以组合于一个区域中以最大化封装并且最小化无线供电系统所用设备占地量。在具有多个线圈和天线的设备中使用单个孔以最小化所用封装空间。如果它被设计成单个模块,则这最易于调谐和理解。它可以放置于很高阻抗的衬底、铁素体(ferrite)地点上或者压印于金属粉末中以封包除了系统面向线圈的一侧之外的所有侧部以完成孔。
在本发明的第三方面中,一种远程设备包括电力接收元件和通信元件。在远程设备中的控制器能够选择性地将电力接收元件耦合到负载并且将通信元件耦合到通信电路。在电力传送期间,控制器断开通信元件,使得无线供电不干扰通信元件或者关联电路。在一个实施例中,电力接收元件或者电力接收元件的部分可以在电力接收元件未在使用中时用作通信元件。在一个实施例中,在远程设备中的控制电路在无电力传送发生之时向更高速度通信模式自动切换,其中通信元件用于通信。这一模式可以根据通信接口选择性地向用于高速通信的特定通信元件切换。在电力传送发生之时,可以例如通过在电力接收元件上使用反向散射调制来利用较低速通信模式。
在本发明的第四方面中,一种远程设备具有与具有低功率模式的远场无线电源通信的能力。在远程设备与远场无线电源之间的通信可以用来控制远场无线电源。在一个实施例中,远场无线电源具有低功率模式,其中远场无线电源传送低功率间歇无线信号。远程设备可以接收信号并且往回传送无线信号以使设备移出低功率模式并且使能远场无线电力的传输。在另一实施例中,远程设备可以定期或者响应于用户输入来传输无线信号。如果远场无线电源在范围内,则它可以离开低功率模式并且开始广播用于远程设备接收的无线远场电力。远场无线电源在低功率模式期间比在电力传输模式期间利用更少功率。例如在更低功率模式期间,远场无线源可以使各种电路掉电或者断开电力输入并且依赖于电存储元件用于供电。
在本发明的第五方面中,一种远程设备具有与多个不同无线电源通信以指示无线供电热点在附近的能力。远程设备传输无线信号,并且如果无线电源存在、但是未在用于远程设备接收无线电力的范围内,则无线电源可以通过传输指示无线热点在附近的无线信号来做出响应。指示信号可以包括多种不同信息,诸如功率类信息、位置信息、成本信息、容量信息和可用性信息。
在本发明的第六方面中,一种无线电源包括多个无线电力发射器。该系统可以使用基于范围、功率和来自远程设备的反馈的各种无线供电系统的组合效果。与远程设备一起,该系统可以判决哪个无线供电系统提供最优电力传送。
通过参照实施例的描述和附图将更全面理解和认识本发明的这些和其他特征。
附图说明
图1示出了包括远程设备的无线供电系统的框图,该远程设备具有多个无线接收器。
图2示出了远程设备多无线电力输入系统的示意图。
图3示出了包括远程设备的无线供电系统的框图,该远程设备具有电力接收元件和通信元件。
图4示出了远程设备的框图,该远程设备包括用于在电力传送期间以较低速率通信的通信系统和用于在未传送电力之时以较高速率通信的单独通信系统。
图5示出了无线电力传送和通信的代表图。
图6示出了用于在无线电力传送未发生之时实现高速通信的流程图。
图7示出了无线电源到设备的通信和设备到设备的通信的框图。
图8示出了用于实现设备到设备的通信的流程图。
图9示出了RF通信系统可以如何实现用于远场电源的低功率模式。
图10示出了可以从发射器或者接收器发起的用于实现远场电力传送功率的无线信号序列。
图11示出了用来存储能量并且发送信号以标识无线供电热点的隔离能量存储电路。
图12示出了准备好调谐的无线接收器模块和以允许线圈可预测的方式制造的组件。
图13示出了包括多个无线电力发射器的无线电源。
具体实施方式
I.概述
下文描述无线电力传送系统的多个不同方面,该系统包括能够接收无线电力的远程设备。有讨论的多个不同特征,这些特征包括但不限于具有多个无线电力输入的远程设备、具有混合次级的远程设备、具有分时通信能力的远程设备,具有与远场无线电源无线通信以实现低功率模式的能力的远程设备和能够确定无线热点是否在附近的远程设备。
II.多个无线电力输入
在图1中示出了根据本发明一个方面的一个实施例的无线电源系统,并且该系统一般地表示为100。无线电源系统100包括一个或多个无线电源102和一个或多个远程设备104。在本发明的该方面中,远程设备104适于管理多个无线电力输入,其中每个电力输入能够从不同的无线电源接收电力。在某些实施例中,当设计向简单趋近时,可以组合线圈106和110。组合的混合次级可以具有可以被规格化用于多个输入类型的LC调谐或操作频率。
A.无线电源
本发明适合用于与广泛多种无线电源一起使用。如这里所用,术语“无线电源”旨在于广义地包括能够无线提供电力的任何无线电源以及能够被收获和转变成电能的环境能量的任何无线电源。无线电源可以通过电磁近场功率、电磁远场、磁共振或者任何其他适当无线电源提供无线电力。例如无线电源可以是共振感应电源(诸如图1中所示无线电源102)。另一示例是图9中所示的RF共振无线电源。无线电源的其他示例包括RF广播系统(未示出)或者RF能量环境源(未示出)。在以下专利或者专利公开中描述了适当无线电源的其他示例,通过引用将以下每个专利或专利公开结合于此:
· Kuennen等人的美国专利6,825,620,标题为“Inductively Coupled Ballast Circuit”,于2004年11月30日授权(美国系列号10/246,155,于2002年9月18日提交)
· Baarman的美国专利7,212,414,标题为“Adapted Inductive Power Supply”,于2007年5月1日授权(美国系列号10/689,499,于2003年10月20日提交)
· Baarman的美国专利7,522,878,标题为“Adaptive Inductive Power Supply with Communication”,于2009年4月21日授权(美国系列号10/689,148,于2003年10月20日提交)
· Baarman等人的美国专利公开2009/0174263,标题为“Inductive Power Supply with Duty Cycle Control”,于2009年7月9日公开(美国系列号12/349,840,于2009年1月7日提交)
· Vanderelli等人的美国专利7,027,311,标题为“Method and Apparatus for a Wireless Power Supply”,于2006年4月11日授权(美国系列号10/966,880,于2004年10月15日提交)
· Cook的美国专利公开2008/0211320(美国系列号12/018,069,2008年1月22日提交)
在所示实施例中,无线电源102包括主控制器120、市电(mains)整流电路122、DC/DC转换器124、逆变器126以及包括初级130和电容器128的储能电路。在操作中,市电整流122、主控制器120、DC/DC转换器124和逆变器126向储能电路320施加功率以生成电磁感应功率的源。
在所示实施例中,无线电源102被配置成使用一般常规感应电力传送技术和装置来无线供电。关于最共振和非共振感应无线电力传送技术的细节是已知的,并且因此将不更详细加以讨论。一般而言,初级130可以产生可以被拾取并且用来在有时称为远程设备的无线电子设备中生成功率的电磁场。这一实施例的初级130是配置成产生适合用于向远程设备104感应传输电力的电磁场的初级导线线圈。
无线电源102包括用于将从AC市电接收的AC功率转换成DC功率的AC/DC整流器122。电源102也包括用于将AC/DC整流器122的DC输出转换成所需电平的DC/DC转换器124。电源102也包括微控制器120和逆变器126(有时称为开关电路)。微控制器120被编程为控制逆变器126以生成用于初级130的适当AC功率。在这一实施例中,微控制器120可以控制DC/DC转换器124或者逆变器126的操作。微控制器120可以基于从无线设备接收的信号确定适当DC功率电平或者适当操作频率。这些信号可以从无线设备由反射阻抗或者通过单独通信系统(诸如例如利用近场通信协议、红外通信、WiFi通信、蓝牙通信或者其他通信方案的单独感应耦合)传给电源102。微控制器102可以遵循广泛多种感应电源控制算法中的实质上任何算法。在一些实施例中,微控制器120可以基于来自远程设备104的反馈来改变向初级130施加的功率的一个或者多个特性。例如微控制器102可以调整储能电路(例如线圈与电容器的组合)的共振频率、逆变器126的操作频率、向初级或者开关电路施加的干线电压用于控制幅度103或者向初级130施加的功率的占空比以影响向远程设备104感应传送的功率的效率或者量。已知广泛多种技术和装置用于控制感应电源的操作。例如微控制器可以被编程为根据在上文通过引用而结合的参考中公开的控制算法之一来操作。
另一类无线电源是近场远边缘无线电源。关于近场远边缘无线电源的细节是已知的,并且因此将不详细加以讨论。这一系统使用具有更高Q的更大初级感应回路以针对附加距离感应更高磁剖面(profile)而减少共振系统内的所需能量。
又一类无线电源解决方案是能量收获。能量收获涉及到将环境能量转换成电能。例如电磁能量收获、静电能量收获、热电能量收获和压电能量收获是几个已知的能量收获技术。关于能量收获的细节是已知并且因此将不详细加以讨论。仅需注意,多数能量收获不包括被设计成传输用于收获的能量的无线电源。取而代之,多数能量收获解决方案利用出于某些其他目的而不是为了供应无线电力存在的环境能量。也就是说,有可能出于获取能量的目的而广播RF能量。
B.远程设备
在当前实施例中,远程设备104包括多个无线电力接收器106、108、110。远程设备104也包括整流电路112、控制器114和负载116。
在当前实施例中,多个无线电力接收器106、108、110包括用于接收感应电力的无线电力接收器106、用于接收RF共振电力的无线电力接收器108和用于收获RF能量的无线电力接收器110。在替代实施例中,远程设备可以包括附加或者更少无线电力接收器。例如在一个实施例中,远程设备可以包括用于接收感应电力的一个无线电力接收器和用于接收RF共振电力的一个无线电力接收器。在另一实施例中,远程设备可以包括用于从不同类型的感应电源接收感应无线电力的两个无线电力接收器。
关于特定无线电力接收器的细节是已知的并且因此将不详细加以讨论。感应电力接收器106包括次级线圈和共振电容器。在上文通过引用而结合的公开中描述了若干不同类型的感应电力接收器。共振感应电力接收器110可以包括隔离的LC电路和用于耦合到LC电路的次级线圈。这一系统被设计成具有更高Q并且扩展磁场以提供中等范围电源。收获接收器108包括RF天线和RF滤波器电路。在Vanderelli等人的标题为“Method and Apparatus for a Wireless Power Supply”的美国专利7,027,311(美国系列号10/966,880,于2004年10月14日提交)中描述了一种RF收获接收器,在此通过引用将该专利结合于此。
当前实施例的远程设备包括用于将接收的AC无线功率转换成DC功率的AC/DC整流器112。在一个实施例中,所有无线电力接收器连接到单个AC/DC整流器的输入。在一些实施例中,AC/DC整流器基于来自控制器114的输入选择性地连接到无线电力接收器之一。在其他实施例中,一些或者所有无线电力接收器具有它们自己的整流电路。同步整流电路可以用来减少损耗。另外,多个无线电力输入可以利用相同整流电路或者相同电路的部分。
在图2中图示了将单独整流电路用于每个无线电力接收器。图2中公开的电路包括为每个无线电力接收器具体定制的高效整流电路并且帮助防止在从AC功率向DC功率的转换期间的损耗。也可以使用其他整流电路(诸如同步整流电路)。另外,在一些实施例中,可以同时使用允许将若干电力输入求和的多信道整流(包括同步方法)而又使用可用电力输入之一来使能无线供电控制器,以便允许无线供电控制器管理多个无线电力输入。控制器可以标识哪个系统贡献用于恰当控制和用户接口的电力。
如果适合,则无线供电控制器114可以监视多个无线电力输入并且经由通信控制多个无线源。系统可以监视来自每个源的输入并且使用通信和测量(诸如用于每个输入源的电压和电流)来确定哪个具有最佳性能或者其他所需特性。控制器确定哪个系统在具体预定义条件和范围中表现最佳。例如,无线供电控制器可以与在范围内的无线电源通信以调整功率电平或者多个其他参数。有可用于无线供电控制器114与无线电源通信的多个通信路径。通信路径可以包括无线电力接收器之一之上的反射阻抗或者通过单独通信系统,诸如例如利用近场通信协议或者红外通信、WiFi通信、蓝牙通信或者其他通信方案的单独感应耦合。在一个实施例中,无线供电控制器114利用通过其传送电力的相同无线电力接收器以便往回与该无线电源通信。在一个替代实施例中,无线供电控制器114将预定无线电力接收器用于与无线电源的所有通信。在又一替代实施例中,无线供电控制器114利用单独发射器以与任何无线电源通信。通信路径可以对于所有无线电力接收器而言相同或者它可以对于每个无线电力接收器而言不同。共享通信路径允许多个无线接收器使用相同无线供电控制系统的大部分并且利用一些相同部件。另外,在具有RF无线电力接收器的实施例中,RF无线电力接收器可以用于通信路径和提供RF收获两者。
无线供电控制器可以与远程设备上的设备功率管理系统(未示出)通信以便关于各种功率管理判决(诸如应当向哪些远程设备系统供电或者应当利用哪个无线电力输入)进行配合。
在无功率管理系统的系统中,可以用任何适当优先级方案对无线供电控制器编程。例如可以利用预设优先级,该优先级用于当功率在多个无线电力输入上可用时解决冲突。在其他实施例中,优先级可以是无线电力接收器的基于任何数量的因素(诸如性能、效率和范围)的分级。在一个实施例中,优先级方案基于标准集合,其中选择具有最多可用电力的无线电力输入以向无线控制器和其他远程设备电路提供电力直至可以确定关于无线电力输入的各种判决。
在具有功率管理系统的系统中,无线供电控制器可以被编程为与功率管理系统配合以便关于无线供电做出各种判决。例如无线供电控制器和功率管理系统可以判决应当对哪些远程设备系统供电以最小化使用的功率量并且最大化充电和设备电池寿命。这可以用于通过管理在设备之间的功率幅度来减少损耗。一个示例将是对膝上型计算机和手持设备供电。另一示例将是基于为给定范围选择最佳性能。
例如当RF收获是仅有的可用无线电力输入时,在尝试具有对电池的总体正面影响中,系统可以响应于更低无线输入电平往回“折叠”(fold back)系统功率。为了执行这一功能,远程设备可以让设备功率使用(从功率管理系统可获得)和可用无线输入电力(从无线供电控制器可获得)可用。使用这一信息,远程设备可以做出通知的判决以将设备功率降低成低于可用无线输入电力。附加选项也是可用的(例如远程设备可以判决关停设备以便向通常包括电池的远程设备负载提供更佳充电)。可以呈现这一选项作为消费者选项或者基于电池电平而自动。可以在制造时持久设置阈值电池电平或者设置和保留阈值电池电平作为用于用户的可配置变量。这可以通过在电池将尝试完全放电时维持充电来防止完全放电的电池。
多个无线电力输入可以同时或者在不同时间点提供电力。当有在特定时间点存在的单个无线电力输入时,远程设备可以利用该无线电力输入以对远程设备的负载供电。当有可用的多个无线电力输入时,控制器确定适当无线电力输入以分别利用或者管理每个系统。在一个实施例中,远程设备可以指示与未用无线电力输入关联的一个或者多个无线电源发送更少电力以节省无线传输和浪费的功率量。系统将具有使用通信来共享的对每个系统的效率的理解。接收器然后可以做出判决以使用在该配置给定时效率最高的系统。在替代实施例中,当多个无线电力输入可用时,远程设备可以通过组合输入电力或者对远程设备负载的不同部分供电来利用多个源。
一些无线电源可能不能在相同近邻内同时传输电力。可以将RF和更大线圈中等范围电力并且如果系统未干扰则潜在地甚至将更小感应线圈求和。在这些情形中,远程设备可以具有一种用于判决多个不同无线电源中的哪个应当提供电力。例如,如果大线圈共振无线电源和小线圈共振感应电源均在用于向远程设备供应电力的范围内,则远程设备可以被编程为确定两个电源中的哪个电源更适合提供电力。该确定可以基于广泛多种因素,诸如所需功率电平、每个电源的相对估计效率的比较、电池电平或者多个其他因素。
III.混合无线电力输入
在图3中示出了根据本发明一个方面一个实施例的无线电源系统,并且该系统一般地表示为300。无线电源系统300包括一个或者多个无线电源302和一个或者多个远程设备304。在本发明的这一方面中,远程设备304包括可以选择性地被配置成无线接收电力或者无线传送高速数据的混合次级306。数据传送可以使用单个导线回路而电力传送可以使用附加匝。开关选择配置并且允许恰当功能。
无线电源302除了它包括高速通信能力之外类似于上文描述的无线电源102。无线电源102包括都以与无线电源102中的对应部件相似的方式动作的市电整流322、DC/DC转换器324、逆变器326和控制器320。在当前实施例中,与无线电源102的结构差异包括混合初级330、调节电路332和一些晶体管-晶体管逻辑334。控制器320也包括与高速通信能力关联的一些附加编程。在替代实施例中,无线电源未包括混合初级,但是代之以包括常规初级和单独高速通信线圈。
在当前实施例中,混合初级330包括通过开关SW7可选择地连接的初级线圈336的一部分和通信线圈338。可以通过闭合开关SW8和SW7并且打开开关SW9和SW10在用于传输无线电力的第一配置中配置混合初级330。这产生了对于通信电路332、334的开路并且允许无线电源302以与上文讨论的无线电源102相似的方式传输电力。在这一配置期间,通信线圈338与初级线圈336的该部分串联电连接,并且它们一起与结合无线电源102描述的初级线圈130相似地动作。可以通过打开开关SW7和SW8并且闭合开关SW9和SW10在用于传送高速数据的第二配置中配置混合初级330。在这一配置中,断开初级线圈336的该部分并且通过通信线圈338发生高速通信。通信电路320、332、334使用高速通信协议(诸如近场通信协议或者TransferJet协议)来准备数据用于高速通信。MEMS开关可以用来获得所需隔离并且简化开关而又最小化与常规继电器关联的损耗、成本和大小。当然,在其他实施例中,可以利用任何适当的开关元件。这些开关的附加用途的示例是在来自其他无线供电系统的其他电力可以存在时保护输入电路。
控制器可以执行数据的适当处理。例如,如果数据涉及电源的操作,则控制器可以在响应中调整操作频率或者干线电压。或者如果数据与电源的操作无关,则控制器可以向无线电源与之通信的可选第三方设备(未示出)(诸如计算机)直通传递数据。计算机可以使用该数据以与远程设备同步或者用远程设备数据执行某些其他功能。在一个实施例中,高速通信用来从远程设备到远程设备通信。例如数据传送可以包括图片、音乐或者联系人列表以便去除与该设备的任何先前的有线通信。
远程设备304可以或者可以不包括如结合本发明的第一方面描述的多个无线电力输入。在当前实施例中,远程设备304包括形式为混合次级的单个无线电力输入。
远程设备304包括用于对远程设备负载316供电的电路,包括都以与无线电源102中的对应部件相似的方式动作的混合次级306、整流器312、可选DC/DC转换器313、控制器314。此外,远程设备304包括与高速通信有关的电路,包括通信线圈348、调节电路344和某一晶体管-晶体管逻辑343。控制器314也可以包括与高速通信关联的一些附加编程。
混合次级306的操作类似于上文描述的混合初级330的操作。混合次级306包括通过开关SW3可选择地连接的次级线圈346的一部分和通信线圈348。可以通过闭合开关SW1、SW2和SW3并且打开开关SW4和SW5在用于接收无线电力的第一配置中配置混合次级306。这产生对于通信电路342、344的开路并且允许远程设备304接收无线电力。在这一配置期间,通信线圈348与次级线圈346的该部分串联电连接并且它们一起充当用于合适无线电源的适当次级线圈。可以通过打开开关SW1、SW2和SW3并且闭合开关SW4和SW5在用于传送高速数据的第二配置中配置混合次级306。在这一配置中,断开次级线圈346的该部分并且可以通过通信线圈348发生高速通信。通信电路314、342、344可以使用高速通信协议(诸如近场通信协议或者TransferJet协议)来传送数据。在图4中图示了利用NFC协议的一个实施例的框图。在当前实施例中,射频微机电系统(MEMS)开关用来获得所需隔离并且简化开关而又最小化与常规继电器关联的损耗、成本和大小。可以以提供如同中继器那样的功能的小型低成本阵列制造MEMS开关。当然,在其他实施例中,可以利用任何适当开关元件(诸如中继器)。
混合次级元件占用比两个对应单独次级元件更少的空间。例如当远程设备包括具有能够传递无线通信和无线电力的孔的壳时,混合次级元件可以在远程设备的孔内占用比两个单独次级元件将在孔中占用的物理空间相对更少量的物理空间。可以在如图12中所示的模块中配置多个线圈和天线。可以将该模块设计用于无线供电系统初级或者用于远程设备次级。另外可以将完整无线供电电子器件和关联部分设计成具有简单输入和输出连接的一个封装。
IV.分时通信
在图4中示出了根据本发明一个方面一个实施例的远程设备,并且该远程设备一般地用400表示。远程设备404包括用于向远程设备负载416供电的电路,包括都以与上文描述的无线电源302中的对应部件相似的方式动作的混合次级406、整流器412、可选DC/DC转换器413、控制器414。此外,远程设备404包括两个单独通信系统:用于在无线电力传送未出现之时传送电力的高速通信系统和能够在无线电力传送期间传送电力的较低速通信系统。在当前实施例中,一个通信系统是能够例如通过使用反向散射调制在无线电力传送期间通信的调制控制通信系统419。另一通信系统是能够在无电力传送发生之时以比调制控制通信系统419高的速度通信的近场通信系统444。一般而言,调制控制通信系统419以比NFC系统444更低的数据速率通信。调制控制通信系统419可以替换为可以在电力传送活跃之时传输数据的任何适当通信系统。NFC系统444可以替换为可以在电力传送不活跃之时以相对高速率传输数据的任何适当通信系统。
在当前实施例中,远程设备404包括可以选择性地被配置成无线接收电力或者无线传送高速数据的混合次级406。然而替代实施例可以不使用混合次级。例如混合线圈可以被单独次级和通信元件替换。
在一个实施例中,远程设备404可以在无线电力传送未发生之时利用通信系统419、444进行通信。例如当已经终止、去除或者完成无线电力传送时,调制控制通信系统419可以通信或者近场通信系统444可以通信。
用于确定何时利用以及利用哪个通信系统的各种标准可以根据广泛多种标准而变化。例如可以有用于数据量的阈值。在阈值以下,使用低速通信,并且在阈值以上使用高速通信。可能有与重新配置或者使能高速通信系统关联的一些功率成本,从而限制使用高速传输系统来传输的数据量可以有意义。另外可以限制在未传送无线电力时可用的时间片数量,尤其在无线电源运用对设备的间歇涓流充电时。
图6的流程图示出了通信和传送无线电力的方法的一个实施例。该方法始于确定待发送的数据量、用于发送它的估计时间和发送数据而将需要的高速序列的估计数量602。无线电源或者远程设备关于是否准备好停止供电进行确定604。如果电力传送继续,则通信继续准备和对待发送的数据排队602。如果电力传送准备停止,则可以停止电力传送并且可以发起高速通信606。系统确定是否可以建立无线连接608并且如果可以则继续传送数据610。如果不能建立高速无线通信连接,则可以在超时之前进行附加尝试。数据可以与或者不与纠错一起发送。一旦发送一些或者所有数据612,系统就指示传送是否成功614或者是否有差错616。一旦通信完成或者通信序列完成,就可以再次使能无线供电618并且通信可以等待用于高速通信机会的下一机会602。
在远程设备中的无线电力输入可以用于设备到设备的通信。在图7中示出这一点的一个示例,其中一个远程设备可以在无电力传送发生时与无线电源或者另一远程设备通信。在当前实施例中,ping方法可以由远程设备发起以建立与无线电源或者其他远程设备的通信链路。在一个实施例中,ping由用户发起,使得远程设备通过等待返回ping来寻找兼容设备持续预定时段。
图8中标识的序列可以用来发起通信,并且然后当设备相互接近放置时可以传送数据。在这一实施例中,系统可以在电力传送期间利用低速通信并且在无线电力传送未发送时向高速通信系统切换。
在图8中描述一种用于建立通信的方法。图8中描述的ping方法仅为在设备之间建立通信的方式的一个示例。在当前实施例中,两个设备等待建立通信802。用户按压设备上的键以激活ping并且尝试建立通信804。如果未按压键,则设备将继续等待建立通信802。如果按压键,则设备脉动它的次级线圈或者通信线圈并且等待响应806。如果未接收响应,则设备将返回到等待使能通信802。如果接收响应,则数据传送将开始810。两个设备可以运行相同算法,因而为了开始通信,在每个设备上按压键以建立两个设备的存在和状态。替代地,设备可以被编程为对ping做出响应,从而仅需设备之一让键按压以开始发起通信传送。当然,按键可以是设备上的物理按钮或者设备的用户接口上的虚拟按钮。在当前实施例中,通信传送包括纠错810。在替代实施例中,纠错可以是不必要的。一旦发送一些或者所有数据812,设备就可以指示是否有差错816或者数据传送是否成功814。
在一些实施例(诸如图8中所示方法)中,设备可以被编程为响应于无线电力传送的终止来自动发起通信。在一些实施例中,用于发起通信的按键可以是不必要的。取而代之,可以代之以一旦高速通信信道可用就发送等待发送的任何数据。另外,远程设备可以通过分时通信来利用两个单独通信信道。也就是说,在无线电力传送期间,第一通信系统可以用来传送数据,并且当无线供电传送停止时,第二通信系统可以用来传送数据。可以使能通信的速率可以在未传送电力之时更快。当前实施例允许以最终用户不知道多个通信系统用来传送数据集合这样的方式对通信无缝地分时。在图5中示出了在可以利用每个通信系统时的代表图。上部的图示出了无线供电接通并且间歇低速通信可以在电力传送期间发生。一旦关断无线供电,高速通信就可以开始。在当前实施例中,这可以包括重新配置用于高速通信的混合次级。第二图图示了在一些境况中即使在无线供电系统未传送电力之时仍然可以利用低速通信。
V.远场超低功率
已知的远场电源提供无线供电而未使用反馈。因而已知的远场电源和使得能够接收这样的无线电力的远程设备未利用通信信道。虽然反馈对于监视或者调整远场无线电力传输而言可以是不必要的,但是有可以通过在远程设备与远场无线电源之间具有适当通信信道来提供的多个其他益处。
在远程设备与远场电源之间的通信信道的一个益处在于远场电源可以利用超低功率模式。无线通信可以用来使能和控制远场无线电源。远场无线电源可以是与在通过引用结合于此、标题为“Power System”的美国系列号12/572,296(于2009年10月2日提交)中公开的用于无线供电的系统相似的多状态低功率无线系统。在当前实施例中,无线信号用信令通知无线电源退出低功率模式并且开始传输无线电力。
无线电源包括将市电输入AC功率调节成DC功率的电源902。无线电源也包括为无线电源906创建AC信号的逆变器904。无线电源也包括控制器908和用于从远程设备接收无线信号的RF天线910。控制器被编程为在超低功率模式与电力传输模式之间可选择地操作RF远场无线电源。也在图13中示出了这一点,其中可以通过RF或者负载调制通信来控制更大线圈共振感应系统。在超低功率模式期间,开关SW1打开并且在无线电源内的各种电路可以掉电。控制器908可以包括如下能量存储元件,该元件允许RF天线的最少操作和响应于接收远程设备在附近并且需要无线供电的信号来退出低功率状态的能力。图11示出了可以在RF收发器电源内包括的能量存储元件。虽然上文描述的低功率模式设想在更低模式期间完全关断无线电源,但是应当理解可以去除开关SW1并且无线电力传输可以减少、仅用于通信或者关断而不对市电电源产生开路。
图10中所示代表图提供低功率模式如何在远场电源内工作的一些示例。第一图示出了其中无线电源传输低功率间歇RF信号(A)的低功率模式。设备在从无线电源接收信号时用发射器接收的对应RF信号(B)做出响应并且继而退出低功率模式并且使能无线电力传输(C)。第二图示出了当设备准备好无线供电时在设备中使能的看门狗RF信号。信号(E)可以由键盘或者开关使能、时间使能或者事件使能。当接收器进入远场无线电源范围内时,无线电源将接收信号(F)并且继而退出低功率模式并且使能无线电力传输(G)。
VI.无线供电热点
在本发明的一个方面中,远程设备具有与多个不同无线电源通信以指示无线供电热点在附近的能力。远程设备传输无线信号,并且如果无线电源存在、但是未在用于远程设备接收无线电力的范围内,则无线电源可以通过传输指示无线热点在附近的无线信号来做出响应。
图10的代表图图示了无线供电热点指示可以如何工作的一个实施例。在所示实施例中,远程设备传输信号(H)。如果无线电源在范围内,则它可以用指示无线供电可用的无线信号(I)做出响应。无线电源也可以包括多种附加信息。例如无线电源可以包括关于远程设备是否在用于接收无线电力的范围内的指示。在接收RF信号时,电源可以用闪光、去往远程设备的返回信号或者设备中的其他可视或者可听信号指示它在范围内。此外,无线信号可以包括多种不同信息,诸如功率类信息、位置信息、成本信息、容量信息和可用性信息。
功率类信息可以指示无线电源是否将对设备的低、中或者高分类和任何组合供电。例如一些无线电源可能能够对低、中和高功率类设备充电,而其他无线电源可能仅能够对低和中或者仅低类设备充电。功率类信息也可以具有可用的具体功率数据,诸如具体电压和电流电平。在通过引用而结合于此、Baarman等人的标题为“METERED DELIVERY OF WIRELESS POWER FOR WIRELESS POWER METERING AND BILLING”的美国系列号12/349,355(提交于2009年1月6日)中有对一些功率类信息的描述。
无线充电能力可以允许用户看到多少容量在地区或者充电区域内可用。可以用多种不同形式(包括但不限于可用瓦特量或者可用无线充电热点数量的指示)传送信息。可以在可用功率或者优先级充电方面指示容量,可以使用如在2009年1月6日提交的、Baarman的标题为WIRELESS CHARGING SYSTEM WITH DEVICE POWER COMPLIANCE的美国专利申请系列号61/142,663中指示的充电状态和负载以设置如其他感应系统中所示的功率优先级。
VII.多个无线电源
在本发明的一个方面中,无线电源具有供应多类无线电力的能力。在当前实施例中,无线电源包括无线电力发射器,该发射器包括三个不同无线电力发射器元件。具体而言,图13中所示实施例包括用于传输RF能量1302的无线发射器、用于传输近场远边缘电力的无线发射器(具有较大回路感应线圈1304和较小回路感应耦合1306)以及用于共振感应耦合1308的发射器。图13中所示无线电源系统也包括具有与多个无线电源的多个无线电力发射器合作的多个无线电力输入的远程设备。
上文描述是本发明当前实施例的描述。可以进行各种变更和改变而不脱离如在所附权利要求书中限定的本发明的精神和更广方面,将根据包括等效原则的专利法原理对其进行解释。例如使用冠词“一个/一种”、“该”和“所述”的任何对权利要求要素的单数引用将不解释为使该要素限于单数。
Claims (21)
1. 一种远程设备,包括:
第一无线电力输入,被优化用于来自第一无线电源的无线供电;
第二无线电力输入,被优化用于来自第二无线电源的无线供电,其中所述第一无线电源和所述第二无线电源是不同类型的无线电源;
负载;以及
控制器,被编程为控制所述第一无线电力输入和所述第二无线电力输入中的哪个向所述远程设备的负载提供电力。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的远程设备,其中所述第一无线电力输入被优化用于来自以下无线电源列表中的至少一个无线电源的无线供电:电磁近场、电磁远场、电磁近场远边缘、RF广播和环境RF能量,并且所述第二无线电力输入被优化用于来自所述无线电源列表中的其余无线电源之一的无线供电。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的远程设备,其中所述控制器被编程为至少部分基于所述第一无线电力输入上存在的电力的特性和所述第二无线电力输入上存在的电力的特性来控制所述第一无线电力输入和所述第二无线电力输入中的哪个向所述远程设备的所述负载提供电力。
4. 根据权利要求3所述的远程设备,其中所述第一无线电力输入上存在的电力的所述特性包括效率和充电能力中的至少一个。
5. 根据权利要求1所述的远程设备,其中所述控制器被编程为至少部分基于所述负载的特性来控制所述第一无线电力输入和所述第二无线电力输入中的哪个向所述远程设备的所述负载提供电力。
6. 根据权利要求1所述的远程设备,其包括功率管理系统,其中所述控制器被编程为至少部分基于与所述功率管理系统的通信来控制所述第一无线电力输入和所述第二无线电力输入中的哪个向所述远程设备的所述负载提供电力。
7. 根据权利要求1所述的远程设备,其中所述控制器被编程为向负载同时提供来自所述第一无线电力输入和所述第二无线电力输入两者的电力。
8. 根据权利要求1所述的远程设备,其中所述控制器被编程为至少部分基于无线电力输入的充电能力来控制所述第一无线电力输入和所述第二无线电力输入中的哪个向所述远程设备的所述负载提供电力。
9. 根据权利要求1所述的远程设备,包括用于整流来自所述第一无线电力输入和所述第二无线电力输入中的至少一个的电力的整流器。
10. 一种远程设备,包括:
混合次级,在被优化用于来自第一无线电源的无线供电的第一配置与被优化用于来自第二无线电源的无线供电的第二配置之间选择性地可配置;
负载;以及
控制器,被编程为在所述第一配置与所述第二配置之间选择性地配置所述混合次级。
11. 根据权利要求10所述的远程设备,包括用于无线供电的孔,其中所述混合次级在所述孔内占用比被分别优化用于来自所述第一无线电源和所述第二无线电源的无线供电的两个单独次级元件在所述孔中占用的物理空间相对更少量的物理空间。
12. 一种远场无线供电系统,包括:
远程设备,包括用于收获RF能量的远场天线;
远场无线电源,具有低功率模式和RF能量传输模式,所述远场无线电源在低功率模式期间利用比在电力传输模式期间少的功率;并且
其中所述远程设备和所述远场无线电源使用间歇信号来通信以使所述远场无线电源能够从低功率模式向RF能量传输模式改变。
13. 根据权利要求12所述的远场无线供电系统,其中所述远程设备传输所述间歇信号,所述远场无线电源接收所述间歇低功率信号并且在响应中使能远场无线电力的传输。
14. 根据权利要求12所述的远场无线供电系统,其中所述远场无线电源传输所述间歇信号,所述远程设备接收所述间歇信号并且与所述远场无线电源通信以使能远场无线电力的传输。
15. 根据权利要求14所述的远场无线供电系统,其中所述远程设备包括电池,并且所述远场天线能够当在所述电池中的功率不足以传输所述间歇信号时收获充足能量以传输所述间歇信号。
16. 根据权利要求11所述的远场无线供电系统,其中所述远场无线电源在所述低功率模式中使用能量存储元件来操作,所述能量存储元件使能RF天线的操作和响应于接收所述远程设备在附近并且需要无线供电的信号来退出所述低功率模式的能力。
17. 根据权利要求11所述的远场无线供电系统,其中所述远场无线电源在低功率模式期间关断或者减少无线电力供应。
18. 一种无线电源,包括:
多个无线电力发射器,每个所述无线电力发射器能够供应不同类型的无线电力。
19. 根据权利要求17所述的无线电源,其中所述多个无线电力发射器包括用于传输RF能量的无线发射器、用于传输近场远边缘电力的无线发射器和用于共振感应耦合的无线发射器中的至少两个无线发射器。
20. 根据权利要求17所述的无线电源,包括市电整流电路、DC/DC转换器、控制器和逆变器,其中所述控制器被编程为控制多个无线电力发射器。
21. 根据权利要求17所述的无线电源,用于与包括多个无线电力输入的远程设备一起使用。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US26268909P | 2009-11-19 | 2009-11-19 | |
US61/262,689 | 2009-11-19 | ||
PCT/US2010/057208 WO2011063108A2 (en) | 2009-11-19 | 2010-11-18 | Multiple use wireless power systems |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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TWI502842B (zh) | 2015-10-01 |
WO2011063108A3 (en) | 2012-05-03 |
WO2011063108A2 (en) | 2011-05-26 |
US20110115303A1 (en) | 2011-05-19 |
KR20120112462A (ko) | 2012-10-11 |
TW201145748A (en) | 2011-12-16 |
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