CN104282201B - 力的分解演示实验装置 - Google Patents

力的分解演示实验装置 Download PDF

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CN104282201B
CN104282201B CN201310287873.0A CN201310287873A CN104282201B CN 104282201 B CN104282201 B CN 104282201B CN 201310287873 A CN201310287873 A CN 201310287873A CN 104282201 B CN104282201 B CN 104282201B
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张阁
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Shandong Yuncheng Shunyun Textile Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开一种力的分解演示实验装置,包括2个正方形三合板、支架、转轴、2只圆盘测力计、轻薄铁皮剪成的小方形托盘、物理小车、演示弹簧秤。将一个正方形三合板竖直固定在支架上,另一正方形三合板通过转轴装在支架中间部位,使其可以转动,并在其上固定两个相互垂直的两个圆盘测力计,在竖直方向安装的圆盘测力计上安装小方形托盘,在小方形托盘上放置物理小车。本装置中,配合演示弹簧秤对物理小车斜向上拉,可演示斜向上的拉力的两个分力效果,通过转动三合板,从而改变了放置于三合板上方的物理小车的放置倾斜角,用来定性和定量地研究重力的两个分力效果。

Description

力的分解演示实验装置
所属技术领域
本发明涉及一种教学器材,具体是适用于力的分解教学中的演示实验。
背景技术
在高中物理教学中,关于力的分解的教学,实验室并没有现成的演示实验装置。教学中,教师只能自己演示一些简单的实验说明力的分解效果。比如,用直尺一端放于讲台面,一端垫在几本叠放的书本上,形成一个斜坡,让一个重物,放置于直尺上。从而说明重力的两个分力的效果。但这样的实验,有两个不足,一是,直尺会发生弯曲使斜面倾角发生变化。二是,不能定量的读出两个分力的大小。在此不能很好地解释教材中力的分解问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的缺陷,提供一种能更好地演示力的分解的原理,并使实验效果更加显著。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的力的分解演示实验装置,包括两个边长为50cm的正方形三合板、支架、转轴、两个圆盘测力计、轻薄铁皮剪成的10cm×16cm小方形托盘、物理小车和一个演示弹簧秤。将一个边长为50cm的正方形三合板竖直固定在支架上,另一边长为50cm的正方形三合板通过转轴装在支架中间部位,使其可以转动,在可以转动的正方形三合板上相互垂直安装两个圆盘测力计,在其中竖直方向的圆盘测力计上安装轻薄铁皮剪成的10cm×16cm小方形托盘。
本发明相比现有技术而言,既可以演示斜向上的拉力产生两个分力效果,又可以演示斜面上物体的重力产生两个分力效果,特别是还可以定性和定量演示斜面倾角变化时两分力变化,还能演示分力大小除了与斜面倾角有关,还与重力的大小有关作用,还具有以下优点:
(1)本实验巧妙地利用了圆盘测力计具有测量拉力和压力的特点,分别用圆盘测力计测量拉力的大小,用另一圆盘测力计测量压力的大小。
(2)巧妙地设计了一个转动板,当转动转动板时,托盘与水平面的倾角可以发生变化,因而可以探究当倾角变化时两分力大小的变化规律,这是现在技术中末曾见过的。
(3)用力传感器代替圆盘测力计和演示弹簧秤做本演示仪可以做为学生课外拓展实验用。
(4)圆盘测力计和演示弹簧秤读数方便,观察容易,演示效果好。
附图说明
附图是本发明实施方式结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明采用的力的分解演示实验装置,包括边长为50cm的正方形三合板2、边长为50cm的正方形三合板3、支架1、转轴4、圆盘测力计5、圆盘测力计6、轻薄铁皮剪成的10cm×16cm小方形托盘7、物理小车8、演示弹簧秤9。将一个边长为50cm的正方形三合板2固定在竖直固定在支架1上,另一边长为50cm的正方形三合板3通过转轴4装在支架1中间部位,使其可以转动,在可以转动的正方形三合板3上相互垂直安装两个圆盘测力计5,圆盘测力计6,在竖直方向安装的圆盘测力计6上安装轻薄铁皮剪成的10cm×16cm小方形托盘7,在方形托盘7上放置物理小车8,物理小车7右则手持一演示弹簧秤9。
本发明使用过程:
(1)演示斜向上的拉力产生两个分力效果
转动三合板使其处于水平状态,将物理小车放在小托盘上,物理小车的左侧通过细线连接水平放置的圆盘测力,这时水平放置的圆盘测力计读数为零,而竖直方向的圆盘测力计有一定的读数,等于物理小车的重力大小。在物理小车的右侧通过细线连接一演示弹簧秤,适当地拉演示弹簧秤,此时,水平放置的圆盘测力计读数由零而变大,竖直放置的圆盘测力计 读数变小。
通过上述实验步骤得出:斜向上的拉力产生竖直向上和水平向右的两个分力效果。
(2)演示斜面上物体的重力产生两个分力效果
在实验(1)的基础上,取下演示弹簧秤,这时水平放置的圆盘测力计读数恢复为零,而竖直方向的圆盘测力计读数重新等于物理小车的重力大小。缓慢转动三合板,使其有一定的倾斜角,这时,水平放置的圆盘测力计读数变大,而竖直方向的圆盘测力计读数变小。
通过上述实验步骤得出:重力产生垂直于斜面和沿着斜面两个方向的分力效果。
(3)定性和定量地演示斜面倾角变化时两分力大小的变化
在实验(2)中,如果不断增加三合板的倾斜角,水平放置的圆盘测力计读数将不断变大,而竖直方向的圆盘测力计读数将不断变小,这样可以定性地演示斜面倾角变化时两分力大小的变化。如果用量角器读出倾斜角的度数,用圆盘测力计读出数值,即可定量的分析合力与分力的关系了。
通过上述实验步骤得出:倾角变大,沿斜面方向的分力不断变大,而垂直于斜面方向的分力不断变小。
(4)演示分力大小除了与斜面倾角有关,还与重力的大小有关
在实验(2)中,在物理小车上再放置一重物,则两圆盘测力计的读数都将变大。
通过上述实验步骤得出:斜面倾角一定时,重力变大,两分力的大小也变大。
(5)用力传感器演示以上实验
在该实验装置中,取下两圆盘测力计,改用力的传感器代替圆盘测力计,则可以同样做以上实验。

Claims (1)

1.力的分解演示实验装置,它包括两个正方形三合板、支架、转轴、两个圆盘测力计、小方形托盘、物理小车和一个演示弹簧秤,其特征在于:两个正方形三合板为边长为50cm的正方形三合板,小方形托盘为尺寸是10cm×16cm的轻薄铁皮托盘,一个边长为50cm的正方形三合板竖直固定在支架上,另一边长为50cm的正方形三合板通过转轴装在支架中间部位,另一边长为50cm的正方形三合板通过转轴转动,另一个边长为50cm的正方形三合板上相互垂直安装两个圆盘测力计,另一个边长为50cm的正方形三合板处于水平状态时,在竖直方向安装的圆盘测力计上安装轻薄铁皮剪成的10cm×16cm小方形托盘,在小方形托盘上放置物理小车,物理小车右则通过细线连接演示弹簧秤。
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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2209371Y (zh) * 1994-07-09 1995-10-04 陈欣 斜面上物体受力分析演示仪
CN2669296Y (zh) * 2003-12-23 2005-01-05 兖矿集团有限公司 力的合成与分解演示仪
CN202177998U (zh) * 2011-08-09 2012-03-28 宁波华茂文教股份有限公司 斜面上力的分解实验装置
CN102542879A (zh) * 2010-12-21 2012-07-04 上海辰昊信息科技有限公司 斜面上力的分解教学实验仪器
CN103021234A (zh) * 2011-09-28 2013-04-03 陈付振 多角度斜面研究器

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2209371Y (zh) * 1994-07-09 1995-10-04 陈欣 斜面上物体受力分析演示仪
CN2669296Y (zh) * 2003-12-23 2005-01-05 兖矿集团有限公司 力的合成与分解演示仪
CN102542879A (zh) * 2010-12-21 2012-07-04 上海辰昊信息科技有限公司 斜面上力的分解教学实验仪器
CN202177998U (zh) * 2011-08-09 2012-03-28 宁波华茂文教股份有限公司 斜面上力的分解实验装置
CN103021234A (zh) * 2011-09-28 2013-04-03 陈付振 多角度斜面研究器

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