CN104279262A - 发动机机架 - Google Patents

发动机机架 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104279262A
CN104279262A CN201310751758.4A CN201310751758A CN104279262A CN 104279262 A CN104279262 A CN 104279262A CN 201310751758 A CN201310751758 A CN 201310751758A CN 104279262 A CN104279262 A CN 104279262A
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spray nozzle
piston
nozzle board
entablature
insulator
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CN104279262B (zh
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金承原
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Hyundai Motor Co
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Hyundai Motor Co
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F13/00Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • F16F13/04Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
    • F16F13/06Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F16F13/20Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper characterised by comprising also a pneumatic spring
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F13/00Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • F16F13/04Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
    • F16F13/06Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F16F13/08Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F16F13/10Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the wall being at least in part formed by a flexible membrane or the like
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/022Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using dampers and springs in combination
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K5/00Arrangement or mounting of internal-combustion or jet-propulsion units
    • B60K5/12Arrangement of engine supports
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F13/00Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • F16F13/04Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
    • F16F13/06Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/023Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using fluid means
    • F16F15/0232Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using fluid means with at least one gas spring

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Combined Devices Of Dampers And Springs (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种发动机机架,包括:绝缘子,配置在外壳内并根据施加至与其上端连接的芯部上的力发生弹性变形;喷嘴板,形成有用于液压液的向上/向下敞开的流道,上述喷嘴板在连接至上述外壳的下端的隔板与上述绝缘子之间连接;和活塞,配置为划分上述绝缘子与上述喷嘴板之间的内部空间并连接至上述芯部,以便根据施加到上述芯部的力而移动,其中,在上述活塞与上述喷嘴板之间以及在上述喷嘴板与上述隔板之间,分别形成有上部液室和下部液室,并且在上述活塞与上述喷嘴板之间,形成有空气能够进出的气室。通过使用空气和液压液作为工作液体,能够更有效地衰减宽频区域内产生的振动。

Description

发动机机架
技术领域
本发明涉及一种发动机机架(engine mount、发动机悬置),更具体地,涉及一种具有气动式机架(pneumatic mount)和液压式机架(hydromount)(液体包封式机架(liquid enveloped-type mount))的所有特性的发动机机架。
背景技术
一般来说,在车辆的发动机中,发生结构上的振动,并且还由于车辆行驶时的不平坦路面而发生振动。
这种振动不是仅由于一个因素产生,而是由于多种因素产生的,因此会上下、左右、前后地发生振动。
此外,车辆的发动机不是与车体分离的,而是与换档装置和空调装置等连接,因此从发动机发生的振动影响整个车辆。
因此,车辆的发动机通过发动机机架安装至车体的框架,以使从发动机产生的振动衰减。
此处,关于上述发动机机架,气动式(pneumatic)发动机机架利用空气的进出而具有阻尼力,其具有相对低的损失系数(振动阻尼性能相对低),但是损失系数均匀地展现在宽频区域(可使较宽频带的振动衰减),另外液体包封式(liquid enveloped)发动机机架(液压架)则利用包封在其中的液压液(hydro liquid)的流动阻力而具有阻尼力,其具有相对大的损失系数(振动阻尼性能相对高),但是损失系数展现在窄频区域(可使较窄频带的振动衰减)。
在设计发动机机架的两种类型的液体包封式发动机机架时,即使根据车辆的特性有一些区别,但重点通常还是放在具有10-13Hz的频带区域的振动分量的衰减上进行发动机机架的研发,然而,考虑到取决于设计偏差和包括发动机机架的部件的老化的频率移动,已研发出展现损失系数的频宽比上述频带区域更宽的发动机机架。
然而,在采用如上所述的液体包封式发动机机架的情况下,能够被衰减的振动频带区域宽度相对较窄,因此技术上需要改进。
此外,由车辆行驶时发生的轮胎的空气振动引起的振动(T1振动或摇振(shake vibration))的频率根据车辆的速度而发生移动,从而产生带有大位移的频率。例如,当车辆的速度在60km/h区段时,产生7Hz的频率,当车辆的速度在100km/h区段时,产生13Hz的频率,而当车辆的速度在140km/h区段时,产生18Hz的频率,振动的频率根据车辆的速度而变化。然而,当具有13Hz的频率的振动偶然在100km/h区段发生时,由于该频率与液体包封式发动机机架的损失系数的频率相同,因此具有大位移的振动能够被有效衰减,但其效果在不同的速度下是微小的。
在此背景技术部分公开的信息仅用于增强对本发明的一般背景的理解,而不应该视为承认或以任何形式暗示这些信息构成本领域技术人员已知的现有技术。
发明内容
本发明的各个方面致力于解决与现有技术相关的上述问题。本发明的各个方面提供一种发动机机架,其中,能够被衰减的振动频率的频带区域宽度展现得更宽,而且由轮胎的空气振动引起的振动能够更有效地被衰减。
本发明的各个方面提供一种发动机机架,包括:绝缘子(insulator),配置在外壳内并根据施加至与其上端连接的芯部(core)上的力发生弹性变形;喷嘴板(nozzle plate),形成有用于液压液流过的向上/向下敞开的流道,上述喷嘴板连接在连接至上述外壳的下端的隔板与上述绝缘子之间;和活塞,配置为划分上述绝缘子与上述喷嘴板之间的内部空间并连接至上述芯部,以便根据施加到上述芯部的力而移动,其中,在上述活塞与上述喷嘴板之间以及在上述喷嘴板与上述隔板之间,分别形成有所包封的液压液流动的上部液室和下部液室,并且在上述活塞与上述喷嘴板之间,形成有气室,上述气室通过气道与外部连通,通过该气道空气能够进出上述气室。
上述活塞可以由金属材料或合成树脂制成,并且可以由不发生弹性变形的刚体构成,其通过配置在其下端的弹性构件连接至上述喷嘴板,并且根据上述弹性构件的弹性变形移动。
穿过上述喷嘴板形成的上述流道可沿着上述喷嘴板的周围形成为环状,并具有连通到上述上部液室的上孔和连通到上述下部液室的下孔,其中上述上孔设置在上述气道的相反侧,其间隔着上述活塞,并且上述气室可通过打穿(piercing)绝缘子的一部分而形成,使得内侧和外侧相连通。
上述活塞可形成为具有倾斜面,其中,所述活塞的距上述喷嘴板的内部高度在一侧和另一侧互不相同,具有较高高度的上述活塞的一部分配置为朝向上述上部液室,具有较低高度的上述活塞的另一部分配置为朝向上述气道。
根据液压液的流动而振动的膜可以配置在上述喷嘴板上,以便更有效地使例如在怠速区域(idle region)等特定频率区域发生的振动衰减。
本发明的方法和装置具有其它特征和优点,根据附图及后面具体实施方式这些特征和优点将变得明朗,或者说这些特征和优点在附图及后面的具体实施方式中进行了更具体的描述,附图合并与此,与具体实施方式一起用于解释本发明的特定原理。
附图说明
图1是示出本发明的纵向截取的示例性发动机机架的前视图和局部放大图;
图2是示出本发明的纵向截取的示例性发动机机架的透视图;
图3是示出本发明的纵向截取的空气和液压液同时流动的示例性发动机机架的视图;以及
图4是示出本发明的取决于示例性发动机机架中的振动方向的空气和液压液的简化流动方向的视图。
应该理解附图没有必要按比例绘制,它们只是展示了图示说明本发明基本原理的各种优选特征的有些简化的表示方式。如本文公开的本发明的具体设计特征,包括,例如,具体尺寸、方向、位置以及形状,部分地将由特定目的应用以及使用环境来确定。
附图中,贯穿附图的多幅图形,附图标记指代本发明的相同或等效部件。
具体实施方式
现在将具体参考本发明的各个实施例,这些实施例的实例被显示在附图中并描述如下。尽管本发明将与示例性实施例相结合进行描述,但是应当理解,本说明书并非旨在将本发明限制为那些示例性实施例。相反,本发明旨在不但覆盖这些示例性实施例,而且覆盖可以被包括在由所附权利要求所限定的本发明精神和范围之内的各种选择形式、修改形式、等同形式及其它实施方案。
本发明的发动机机架配置为外壳40用螺栓固定于车体,发动机位于突出到外壳40的上端的芯部50上,从而支承发动机的重量,其中根据空气和液压液的流动从发动机传递而来的振动被衰减。
图1是示出本发明的各种实施例的纵向截取的发动机机架的前视图和局部放大图,图2是示出本发明的各种实施例的纵向截取的发动机机架的透视图。
参照图1和图2,绝缘子10由合成树脂或橡胶材料制成,从而具有预定的弹性,并配置为在其下方具有预定尺寸的空间,该绝缘子10配置在本发明的发动机机架的外壳40内,其中,绝缘子10以与一部分向外壳40上方突出的芯部50连接的状态被配置。
此外,沿喷嘴板20的周围,形成有用于使液压液向上/向下流动的向上/向下敞开的流道21,喷嘴板20连接至绝缘子10的下方,而且隔板(diaphragm、挡板)41配置在喷嘴板20下方的外壳40的下部。
同时,活塞30通过连接至喷嘴板20的弹性构件31,配置在喷嘴板20与绝缘子10之间的空间从而划分该空间的内部,并且该活塞30连接至芯部50,从而根据施加于芯部50上的力而移动。
结果,在活塞30与喷嘴板20之间以及在喷嘴板20与隔板41之间分别形成上部液室和下部液室,该上部液室和下部液室通过穿过喷嘴板20形成的流道22相连通。此处,在活塞30与绝缘子10之间形成有气室,该气室通过气道60连通到外部,该气道60通过打穿绝缘子10的一部分或通过在绝缘子10与喷嘴板20之间形成间隙而形成,空气可通过该气道60进出气室。
此外,预定量的液压液包封在上部液室与下部液室之间,使得液压液根据活塞30的向上/向下移动,流经上部液室和下部液室。
在如上配置的发动机机架中,绝缘子10由于施加于芯部50的力(载荷(weigh)和/或振动)发生弹性变形,同时活塞30向上/向下移动,使得液压液和空气根据上部液室和气室的容积变化同时流动。
另一方面,本发明的活塞30可以由弹性材料制成,但在本发明的各种实施例中,活塞30由不发生弹性变形的金属材料或合成树脂制成以使得泵送损失(pumping loss)最小化,并且进一步通过配置在其下端的弹性构件31连接至喷嘴板20,从而由于弹性构件31的弹性变形而发生移动。
此外,在本发明的各种实施例中,穿过喷嘴板20形成的流道21沿喷嘴板20的周围形成为环状,其具有连通到上部液室的上孔22和连通到下部液室并且设置为与上孔22相对(opposite to)或相隔的下孔,其中上孔22设置为与气道60相对,其间隔着活塞30。也就是说,气道60相邻地形成在下孔之上。
此外,本发明的活塞30的一部分形成倾斜面。也就是说,距喷嘴板20的一侧的内部高度(A:参见图1)和另一侧的内部高度(B:参照图1)互不相同,其中具有较高高度A的活塞的一部分朝向上部液室,并且具有较低高度B的其另一部分朝向气道60。
因此,本发明的活塞30直接连接至芯部50,并且形成为具有倾斜面,结果是,当载荷和/或振动输入到芯部50上时,其被均匀地或以恒定比率分解为使绝缘子10弹性变形的力和泵送(pumping)活塞30的力,从而使液压液和空气如图3和图4所示,同时流动。
也就是说,由施加于芯部50的力引发的绝缘子10的弹性变形和活塞30的向上/向下移动几乎同时被诱发,因此能够同时获得通过液压液的流动产生的阻尼力和通过空气压力(空气进出气室)产生的阻尼力,而没有延时。
同时,作为一种选择,向上/向下振动的膜23可以配置在喷嘴板20上,以提高特定频率区域的阻尼力。
在如上所述的发动机机架中,气动式和液体包封式的两个机架系统上下地并列配置,从而使发动机机架紧凑。
而且,本发明的活塞30由刚体构成,从而使由于绝缘子10的变形产生的阻尼压力(damping pressure)的下降最小化。也就是说,能够使力传递最大化而没有损失。
根据本发明的发动机机架,能够使用空气和液压液作为工作液体(工作流体),更有效地使更宽的频率区域的振动得以衰减。即,车辆行驶时展现的10-13Hz频带区域上的振动可通过使损失系数最大化而被绝缘,而且由于轮胎的空气振动而导致的5-20Hz的区域频带上的振动也能够有效地衰减,从而改善乘车感。
由于构成上部液室与气室之间的边界的活塞形成为斜板结构(oblique plate configuration),因此从芯部输入的振动分量均匀分解为施加于气室的空气压力和施加于上部液室的液压压力(或根据活塞的设定倾斜角分解为期望的比率),从而进一步提高了阻尼性能。
为了方便解释和在所附权利要求中的准确限定,参考如附图所示的示例性实施例的特征的位置,术语“上”或“下”、“前”或“后”等用于描述这种示例性实施例的特征。
前述对本发明的具体示例性实施例的描述是为了例证和说明的目的。这些描述并非想穷尽本发明,或者将本发明限定为所公开的精确形式,并且很显然,根据上述教导,可以作出很多改变或变化。对示例性实施例进行选择和说明的目的在于解释本发明的特定原理及其实际应用,从而使得本领域的其他技术人员实现并利用本发明的各种不同的示例性实施例以及各种不同的选择和改变。本发明的范围意在由所附的权利要求及其等同形式所限定。

Claims (5)

1.一种含有液压液的发动机机架,其特征在于,包括:
绝缘子,配置在外壳内并根据施加至与其上端连接的芯部上的力发生弹性变形;
喷嘴板,包括向上和向下敞开的流道,液压液流过该流道,所述喷嘴板连接在隔板与所述绝缘子之间,所述隔板连接至所述外壳的下端;和
活塞,配置为划分所述绝缘子与所述喷嘴板之间的内部空间并连接至所述芯部,以便根据施加到所述芯部的力而移动,其中,在所述活塞与所述喷嘴板之间以及在所述喷嘴板与所述隔板之间,分别形成有所包封的液压液流动的上部液室和下部液室,并且在所述活塞与所述喷嘴板之间,形成有气室,所述气室通过环境空气能够进出的气道与环境空气连通。
2.根据权利要求1所述的发动机机架,其特征在于:
所述活塞通过配置在其下端的弹性构件连接至所述喷嘴板,并且根据所述弹性构件的弹性变形而移动。
3.根据权利要求1所述的发动机机架,其特征在于:
所述流道沿所述喷嘴板的周围形成为环状,并且包括与所述上部液室连通的上孔和与所述下部液室连通的下孔,其中所述上孔与所述气道对置,其间隔着所述活塞。
4.根据权利要求3所述的发动机机架,其特征在于:
所述活塞包括倾斜面,其中距所述喷嘴板的内部高度在一侧和另一侧互不相同,并且具有较高高度的所述活塞的一部分配置为朝向所述上部液室,具有较低高度的所述活塞的另一部分配置为朝向所述气道。
5.根据权利要求4所述的发动机机架,其特征在于:
根据液压液的流动而振动的膜配置在所述喷嘴板上。
CN201310751758.4A 2013-07-12 2013-12-31 发动机机架 Expired - Fee Related CN104279262B (zh)

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