CN104274500B - A kind of high-efficiency comprehensive utilization method of Sunset Abelmoschus Root cauline leaf - Google Patents
A kind of high-efficiency comprehensive utilization method of Sunset Abelmoschus Root cauline leaf Download PDFInfo
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- CN104274500B CN104274500B CN201310283474.7A CN201310283474A CN104274500B CN 104274500 B CN104274500 B CN 104274500B CN 201310283474 A CN201310283474 A CN 201310283474A CN 104274500 B CN104274500 B CN 104274500B
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- sunset abelmoschus
- abelmoschus root
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/205—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, gums; Cyclodextrin
- A61K9/2059—Starch, including chemically or physically modified derivatives; Amylose; Amylopectin; Dextrin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/30—Extraction of the material
- A61K2236/33—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones
- A61K2236/333—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones using mixed solvents, e.g. 70% EtOH
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of method of comprehensive utilization of Sunset Abelmoschus Root cauline leaf, it is prepared into the health food of different dosage forms including extraction Sunset Abelmoschus Root cauline leaf flavones, by extract solution, residue after extraction is prepared into the step such as animal feed or feed addictive.On the one hand the method for the present invention can efficiently extract the flavone compound in Sunset Abelmoschus Root cauline leaf, on the other hand can recycle surplus materials after extraction, thus fully improve the utilization rate of Sunset Abelmoschus Root cauline leaf.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to processing of farm products field, and in particular to a kind of high-efficiency comprehensive utilization method of Sunset Abelmoschus Root cauline leaf.
Background technology
Sunset Abelmoschus Root abelmoschus manihot (L.) medic also known as wild lotus, ambrette, gumbo, cotton certain herbaceous plants with big flowers etc., are brocade
Kurrajong malvaceae, Abelmoschus Abelmoschus medicus. be annual or herbaceos perennial.Ecosystem is grown on river
Between the shrubbery of the mountain valley thick grass of northern Wild jujube in Taihang Mountain Area, field side or ditch side, strong adaptability is not tight but good, thin with draining to soil requirement
The sandy loam of pine is advisable.
The pharmacological effect successive dynasties of Sunset Abelmoschus Root are cured by being expressly recited, and edible history among the people has exceeded thousand.Modern pharmacology
Research shows that the pharmacological effect of Sunset Abelmoschus Root derives from bioflavonoid.Bioflavonoid content is than general plant in Sunset Abelmoschus Root
Will be high, in addition to flower and bud, its root, stem, leaf, seed contain, general general flavone content（TFA）In 4.6-5.7%.And
The wild Sunset Abelmoschus Root of our ecosystem base, i.e. Taihang mountainous areas of hebei province, general flavone content is left up to 6.8% higher than other areas
It is right.At present, from the chromocor compound of Sunset Abelmoschus Root it is separated go out gossypetin -3 ' -0- β glucose (Gossypetin-3 ' -0- β -
Glucoside.1), isoquercitrin (Isoquercetin.2), Hyperoside (Hyperosiede.3) and Quercetin -3 '-grape
Glucosides (Quercetin-3 '-glucoside.4) etc..
Prior art research finds that the physiological function of flavone compound includes that strength removes free radical, anti-oxidant, suppression
Tumour, expansion coronary vasodilator, reducing blood lipid, hypoglycemic, platelet aggregation-against, anti-inflammatory, antiallergy, anti-diabetic complication, prevent
Various physiological effects such as coronary heart disease, arrhythmia cordis.Additionally, it also has preferably eliminating the phlegm, cough-relieving and certain antiasthmatic effect, it is
The preferable base-material of development function food.
The physiologically active of the flavone compound of Sunset Abelmoschus Root, more and more causes the attention and research of people.But so far
Research flavones being limited in flower and alabastrum, and to other positions, such as root, stem, leaf and to plant skin research very few more, it is believed that pluck flower and
Stem, leaf after bud is older, without edibility, is considered as waste or does fuel.Sunset Abelmoschus Root whole body is precious in fact, and each tissue all contains
There are flavones, particularly leaf and the more position of cortex, such as fibrous root is higher than main root, and main root is higher than cane, and cane crust is higher than centre
Xylem.Because it is herbaceos perennial, for the growth in the coming year, can be without its root.But flower is plucked with bud
Cauline leaf and kind skin still can be used as the raw materials for extracting flavones.
The direction of processing of farm products should be developed to added value direction high, that is, the World Health Organization and food and agricultural organization
（WHO/FAO）The 4F principles that nutrition consultant proposes：Instant food（Food）, feed（Feed）, fertilizer（Fertilizer）, fuel
（Fuel）, can cook food never makees feed, and can make feed never makees fertilizer, and can make fertilizer never does fuel, in a word
Converted to the direction of high added value.Resource is used adequately reasonably, obtain the maximum output value and benefit, and
With this regurgitation feeding agriculture, related industry is driven --- the development of the industry such as plantation, cultivation, storing, packaging, marketing, start agriculture warp
The new situation of Ji.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to：A kind of method of comprehensive utilization of Sunset Abelmoschus Root cauline leaf is provided, on the one hand can efficiently be extracted
Flavone compound in Sunset Abelmoschus Root cauline leaf, on the other hand can recycle surplus materials after extraction, fully improve sunset abelmoschus stem or bark
The utilization rate of leaf.
Above-mentioned purpose of the invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of method of comprehensive utilization of Sunset Abelmoschus Root cauline leaf is provided, is comprised the following steps：
1）The Sunset Abelmoschus Root plant 20-30cm eminences harvesting from the ground of flower and bud will be plucked, is washed and is drained；
2）By step 1）Clean Sunset Abelmoschus Root cauline leaf is ground into the segment that length is 1-5cm, and drying is to water content in 2-8%
Dry material；
3）By step 2）The dry material for obtaining crosses 10-50 mesh sieves and obtains particulate material after crushing；
4）By step 3）The particulate material for obtaining is added in the alcohol solvent that concentration is 20-80%, and solid-liquid ratio is made by weight
Reach 1:20-1:30, at 20-60 DEG C, through frequency at ultrasonic wave extraction 10-50 minutes of 20-25kHz, obtain the mixing of slag liquid
Thing；
5）By step 4）The slag liquid mixture for obtaining carries out slag-liquid separation, obtains thick slag and liquid, and the liquid that will be obtained is again
Remove little particle, protein and pectin through UF membrane, obtain fine slag and the extract solution rich in flavones；
6）By step 5）The extract solution rich in flavones for obtaining further is concentrated into the 5-20% of original volume, obtains concentrate
Or medicinal extract；
7）By step 6）The concentrate or medicinal extract for obtaining conventionally are prepared into acceptable various doses in pharmacy
Type；
8）By step 5）Isolated thick slag and fine slag mix, and are granulated according to a conventional method after low temperature air flow drying or pressed
Cake, is made poultry and livestock feed or feed addictive.
Step 1）The wild Sunset Abelmoschus Root of the preferred Taihang mountainous areas of described Sunset Abelmoschus Root, its flavones content is than other regional product
Plant high by 23% or so.
Step 2）Low-temperature airflow drying at described drying is preferred 50-70 DEG C.
Step 3）The preferred high speed disintegrator of described crushing is crushed.
Step 4）Described ultrasonic wave extraction optimized frequency is 20kHz-25kHz, and preferred power is 300W-2000W, excellent
It is 30~40min to select extraction time；Most preferred ultrasonic frequency, power and ageing are 20kHz2000W30min
Or 25kHz300W30min.
Step 5）Described slag-liquid separation preferably uses high speed melt cinder and separates centrifuge or plate and frame filter press completion.Described
High speed melt cinder separates centrifuge, can be with automatic discharge, and rotating speed is 3000-5000rpm, 20-30 minutes.
Step 5）One or more combination in the preferred micro-filtration of described UF membrane, ultrafiltration or nanofiltration.
Step 6）Described concentration is preferably completed using triple effect vacuum evaporation device.Described triple effect cold boiler is
With condensing unit, ethanol can be simultaneously reclaimed, it is countercurrent falling-film formula, more more energy efficient than an effect, two effects, temperature is 50-100
DEG C, as cooked oral liquid if need to be concentrated into the 10-20% of original volume；Need to be concentrated into the 5-10% of original volume if as done medicinal extract.
Step 7）Described various formulations include soft capsule, oral liquid or tablet.Described soft capsule and oral liquid is pressed
Conventional soft capsule and oral liquid automatic loading production line is filling, soft capsule every 0.3-0.5g, every bottle 60-100；Orally
The every pipe 10ml of liquid, per 10, box.Described tablet is that medicinal extract pneumatic conveying drying method is processed into about 20-28h at 50-70 DEG C, then
With conventional method, crush, compressing tablet, medical starch need to be added during compressing tablet as adhesive, the amount of addition by weight, flavones:
Medical starch is 1-3:7-9.This piece is to swallow piece, every weight 0.3-0.5g, per bottled 60-100 pieces.
Step 8）Described residue, though flavones is proposed, but still containing protein, carbohydrate, cellulose, vitamin, mineral matter,
And other active components, through 50-70 DEG C of low temperature air flow drying, and particle or cake block being processed into by feed manufacturing production line, can make
Poultry and livestock feed or feed addictive.
In the method for the present invention, by intensified by ultrasonic wave to the extraction effect of contained flavones in Sunset Abelmoschus Root, its principle master
If make use of ultrasonic " cavitation " effect.
Ultrasonic " cavitation " refers to that the micro-bubble core in liquid is activated under the high-strength ul-trasonic irradiation of low frequency.It shows
Vibration, growth, contraction and collapse of complex etc., a series of dynamic processes.In cavitation bubble in the very short time of cavitation bubble collapse
Surrounding produces high temperature, high pressure, and is produced up to micro- torrent of 400km with strong shock wave and speed per hour.Ultrasonic " cavitation " causes
The effects such as turbulence, perturbation, interface, cumulative, wherein turbulence effect makes boundary layer thinning, increases mass transfer velocity；Perturbation effect is strong
Micropore diffusion is changed；Interfacial effect increases mass transfer area；Mohaupt effect has activated the separation of separate substance, so that on the whole
The mass transfer velocity and effect of energy idetified separation process.
Ultrasonic enhanced extraction technology is that the Ministry of Science and Technology in 2005 lists Hi-tech Industry Development " torch plan " in,
The numerous areas such as medicine, food, chemical industry, bioengineering have been applied at present, according to《Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China》Record, application
The Chinese medicine of ultrasonic wave extraction is existing 232 kinds.But there is not yet related report in the extractive technique of the certain herbaceous plants with big flowers flavones in yellow another name for Sichuan Province and product development
Lead.
The present inventor carries by the optimal ultrasonic wave that lot of experiments obtains the medicinal plant extracting flavonoids such as suitable Sunset Abelmoschus Root
Take condition.Found in sunset abelmoschus leaf extracts the experiment of flavones, in solvent（Ethanol）Concentration, raw material degree, feed liquid when temperature
Under conditions of identical, the alcohol steep strengthened with supersonic extracting method of the present invention is and simple in the prior art
Alcohol steep compare, extraction efficiency can be greatly improved, and specific comparative result see the table below 1.
Table 1
By upper table 1 as can be seen that selected ultrasonic extraction process parameter of the invention（During including frequency, power and extraction
Between）For the extracting flavonoids rate of Sunset Abelmoschus Root brings unexpected effect.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the invention is that：
1. the optimum process condition of the extracting flavonoids of intensified by ultrasonic wave Sunset Abelmoschus Root is provided, and the technology has advantages below：
1. recovery rate 20-40% higher than conventional method；
2. extraction time is short, and it is the 1/6 of traditional extraction time；
3. temperature is low, can normal temperature extract, be not required to heating, this plays protection and makees to active ingredient, particularly to heat-sensitive materials
With；
4. save resources, it saves raw material about 30-40%, solvent than traditional extraction（Ethanol）Recyclable recycling, condensed water
Raw material cleaning can be made to recycle；
5. extract quality better, beneficial to separating and purify；
6. risen with gas and risen with liquid, it is to avoid loss of the mechanical friction to equipment；
7. safety and environmental protection, is environment-friendly enterprise without waste discharge in technological process；
2nd, the Sunset Abelmoschus Root conversion ratio and utilization rate after present invention treatment are high, and the method for the present invention is sufficiently and reasonably using money
Source, will pluck the flower cauline leaf deep processing discarded with bud into functional food, and its slag is used as poultry and livestock feed, accomplishes that " eating dry bleeding " is high
The utilization of benefit, has filled up the blank of domestic and international Sunset Abelmoschus Root process technology and product development.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
1. the Sunset Abelmoschus Root plant of flower and bud is plucked, from 20cm eminences from the ground, whole strain is cut off, rinse dry with drinking water
Only, it is put into stainless steel mesh screen, drains the water.
2. step 1 is cut into 1cm segments long, 50 DEG C of low temperature air flow dryings, to water content up to 2%.
3. step 2 was crushed into 20 mesh motor-vibro screens with high speed disintegrator.
4. flavones is extracted in step 3 being put into ultrasonic multi-functional extractor, and acoustical range is 2 × 104-109, power is
20KHz2000W, the time is 40min, solvent（Ethanol）Concentration 40%, 30 DEG C of temperature, solid-liquid ratio 1：20, raw material granularity is 20
Mesh.
5. step 4 is separated into centrifuge by high speed melt cinder, automatic discharge, its rotating speed is 3000rpm, 30 minutes, is removed
Thick slag, then, then through film filtering systems such as micro-filtration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltrations, removes little particle, protein and pectin etc., obtains rich in flavones
Extract solution, recovery rate is 95.8%.
6., by step 5 by band condensing unit, the triple effect vacuum evaporation device of recyclable ethanol is concentrated, and temperature is 75-
85 DEG C, as done capsule and oral liquid if need to be concentrated into the 17% of original volume, as done medicinal extract if need to be concentrated into the 6% of original volume.
7. by step 6）Soft capsule and oral liquid automatic loading production line routinely are filling into soft capsule and oral liquid.It is soft
Capsule every 0.3g, 100 every bottle；Every 10ml of oral liquid, per 10, box.
8. by step 6）Gained medicinal extract, pneumatic conveying drying, temperature is 50 DEG C, time about 26h, then, crush according to a conventional method,
Compressing tablet, need to add medical starch as adhesive during compressing tablet, the amount of addition by weight, flavones：Medical starch=1：9.This piece is
Swallow piece, every heavy 0.3g, 100 every bottle.
9. by step 5）The thick slag and fine slag being automatically drained out merge, and then 50 DEG C of low temperature air flow dryings are crushed with pulverizer
10 mesh are crossed, is granulated with conventional feed manufacturing production line or is pressed into cake block, feed or feed addictive are done for poultry.
Embodiment 2
1. the Sunset Abelmoschus Root plant deflorated with bud is picked, is cut off from the whole strain of 25cm eminences from the ground, rinse dry with drinking water
Only, it is put into stainless steel mesh screen, drains the water.
2. step 1 is cut into 2cm segments long, 60 DEG C of low temperature air flow dryings, to water content up to 3%.
3. step 2 was crushed into 25 mesh motor-vibro screens with high speed disintegrator.
4. flavones, acoustical range 2 × 10 are extracted in step 3 being put into ultrasonic multi-functional extractor4-109,Power
20KHz2000w, time 30min, concentration of alcohol 50%, 40 DEG C of temperature, solid-liquid ratio 1：25, the mesh of raw material granularity 30.
5. by step 4）Centrifuge, automatic discharge are separated by high speed melt cinder, its rotating speed is 4000rpm, and the time is 20 points
Clock, removes thick slag, then again by film filtering systems such as micro-filtration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltrations, removes little particle, protein and pectin etc., obtains rich
Extract solution containing flavones, recovery rate 96%.
6., by step 5 by band condensing unit, the triple effect vacuum evaporation device of recyclable ethanol is concentrated, temperature 70-80
℃.Soft capsule and oral liquid are such as done, then needs to be concentrated into the 15% of original volume；Need to be concentrated into the 7% of original volume if as done medicinal extract.
7. step 6 soft capsule and oral liquid automatic loading production line routinely, it is filling into soft capsule and oral liquid.Flexible glue
Every every bottle of 0.5g of capsule 60；Every 10ml of oral liquid, per 10, box.
8. by step 6 gained medicinal extract, through pneumatic conveying drying, temperature 60 C, the time is 24h, then crushes according to a conventional method, presses
Piece, need to add medical starch as adhesive during compressing tablet, the amount of addition by weight, flavones：Medical starch=3：7.This piece is to gulp down
Take piece, every heavy 0.5g, 60 every bottle.
9. then thick slag and the fine slag mixing step 5 being automatically drained out, 60 DEG C of low temperature air flow dryings use high speed disintegrator powder
It is broken, 20 mesh are crossed, granulated with conventional feed manufacturing production line or be pressed into cake block, do feed or feed addictive for poultry.
Embodiment 3
1. the Sunset Abelmoschus Root plant deflorated with bud is picked, is cut off from the whole strain of 30cm eminences from the ground, rinse dry with drinking water
Only, it is put into stainless steel mesh screen, drains the water.
2. step 1 is cut into 3cm segments long, 55 DEG C of low temperature air flow dryings, to water content up to 4%.
3. step 2 is crushed with high speed disintegrator, cross 30 mesh motor-vibro screens.
4. in step 3 being put into ultrasonic multi-functional extractor, flavones is extracted, acoustical range is 2 × 104-109Power
25KHz300W, the time is 30 minutes, solvent（Ethanol）Concentration is 60%, and temperature is 50 DEG C, solid-liquid ratio 1：30, raw material granularity is
25 mesh.
5. step 4 is separated into centrifuge by high speed melt cinder, automatic discharge, its rotating speed is 5000rpm, 25 minutes, is removed
Thick slag.Then, then through micro-filtration, the film filtering system such as ultrafiltration, nanofiltration removes little particle, protein and pectin etc., obtains rich in flavones
Extract solution, recovery rate is 96.2%.
6. step 5 is concentrated by band condensing unit in the triple effect vacuum concentrator of recyclable ethanol, temperature is 80-85
DEG C, as done soft capsule and oral liquid if need to be concentrated into the 16% of original volume, as done medicinal extract if need to be concentrated into the 5% of original volume.
Step 6 soft capsule routinely and oral liquid automatic loading production line is filling into soft capsule and oral liquid 7..It is soft
Capsule every 0.5 80 every bottle；Every 10ml of oral liquid, per 10, box.
8., by the medicinal extract of step 6 gained, low temperature air flow drying, temperature is 65 DEG C, and the time is 23h.Then, according to a conventional method
Crush, compressing tablet, medical starch need to be added during compressing tablet as adhesive, the amount of addition by weight, flavones：Medical starch=2：8,
This piece is to swallow piece, every heavy 0.5g, 60 every bottle.
9. the thick slag and fine slag step 5 being automatically drained out merge, and then 65 DEG C of low temperature air flow dryings, are crushed with pulverizer
20 mesh sieves are crossed, is granulated with conventional feed manufacturing production line or is pressed into cake block, feed or feed addictive are done for poultry.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method of comprehensive utilization of Sunset Abelmoschus Root cauline leaf, comprises the following steps：
1) the Sunset Abelmoschus Root plant that will pluck flower and bud is gathered in from the height of 20-30cm from the ground, is washed drained and standby；
2) by step 1) clean Sunset Abelmoschus Root cauline leaf is ground into the segment that length is 1-5cm, and drying to water content is in the dry of 2-8%
Material；
3) by step 2) dry material that obtains crosses 10-50 mesh sieves and obtains particulate material after crushing；
4) by step 3) particulate material that obtains is added in the alcohol solvent that concentration is 20-80%, by weight reaches solid-liquid ratio
To 1:20-1:30, at 20-60 DEG C, slag liquid mixture is obtained after ultrasonic wave extraction；
Described ultrasonic wave extraction, ultrasonic frequency is 20kHz-25kHz, and power is 300W-2000W, extraction time is 30~
40min；
5) by step 4) the slag liquid mixture that obtains carries out slag-liquid separation, obtains thick slag and liquid, and the liquid that will be obtained is again through film
Little particle, protein and pectin are removed in separation, obtain fine slag and the extract solution rich in flavones；Described UF membrane is micro-filtration, surpasses
One or more combination in filter or nanofiltration；
6) by step 5) extract solution rich in flavones that obtains further is concentrated into the 5-20% of original volume, obtains concentrate or leaching
Cream；Described concentration is completed using triple effect vacuum evaporation device；
7) by step 6) concentrate that obtains or medicinal extract is conventionally prepared into acceptable various formulations in pharmacy；
8) by step 5) isolated thick slag and fine slag mixing, granulation or cake of press, system according to a conventional method after low temperature air flow drying
Into poultry and livestock feed or feed addictive.
2. the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 1) described in Sunset Abelmoschus Root be Taihang mountainous areas wild Huang
Hollyhock.
3. the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 2) described in drying be that low-temperature airflow at 50-70 DEG C dries
It is dry.
4. the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 3) described in crushing be high speed disintegrator crush.
5. the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 4) described in ultrasonic wave extraction, ultrasonic frequency, power and
Ageing is 20kHz, 2000W, 30min or 25kHz, 300W, 30min.
6. the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 5) described in slag-liquid separation using high speed melt cinder separate centrifugation
Machine or plate and frame filter press are completed.
7. the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 7) described in various formulations include soft capsule, oral liquid or
Tablet.
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| CN1524434A (en) * | 2003-02-26 | 2004-09-01 | 王 欣 | Extractive product of sunflower |
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| CN1524434A (en) * | 2003-02-26 | 2004-09-01 | 王 欣 | Extractive product of sunflower |
| CN101129421A (en) * | 2007-08-13 | 2008-02-27 | 淄博济世保健食品科技有限公司 | Golden flower mallow health care pill |
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