CN1042563A - 润滑油组合物及其所用的官能化高聚物 - Google Patents
润滑油组合物及其所用的官能化高聚物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1042563A CN1042563A CN89108428A CN89108428A CN1042563A CN 1042563 A CN1042563 A CN 1042563A CN 89108428 A CN89108428 A CN 89108428A CN 89108428 A CN89108428 A CN 89108428A CN 1042563 A CN1042563 A CN 1042563A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- copolymer
- polymer
- hydrogenation
- composition
- functional group
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- FDDDEECHVMSUSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanilamide Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 FDDDEECHVMSUSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010688 mineral lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- -1 carboxyphenyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical group C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- XZKRXPZXQLARHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-dienylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XZKRXPZXQLARHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- ROGIWVXWXZRRMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbuta-1,3-diene;styrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 ROGIWVXWXZRRMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940123457 Free radical scavenger Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HSVFKFNNMLUVEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuryl diazide Chemical compound [N-]=[N+]=NS(=O)(=O)N=[N+]=[N-] HSVFKFNNMLUVEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 27
- 229920013730 reactive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 26
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 19
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 9
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JIUFYGIESXPUPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methylhex-1-ene Chemical compound CC(C)CCC=C JIUFYGIESXPUPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylmorpholine Chemical class CN1CCOCC1 SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N (E)-1,3-pentadiene Chemical compound C\C=C\C=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OQOGEOLRYAOSKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dichloro-1-nitroethane Chemical group CC(Cl)(Cl)[N+]([O-])=O OQOGEOLRYAOSKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KVNYFPKFSJIPBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1CC KVNYFPKFSJIPBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SDJHPPZKZZWAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbuta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC(=C)C(C)=C SDJHPPZKZZWAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LAIUFBWHERIJIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Methylheptane Chemical compound CCCCC(C)CC LAIUFBWHERIJIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QMMFVYPAHWMCMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl sulfide Chemical compound CSC QMMFVYPAHWMCMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical group [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical class C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical class N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005234 alkyl aluminium group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Chemical compound BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1COCC1=CC=CC=C1 MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- SQNZJJAZBFDUTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N durene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=C(C)C=C1C SQNZJJAZBFDUTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WXEHBUMAEPOYKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl ethyl thioether Natural products CCSC WXEHBUMAEPOYKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperylene Natural products CC=CC=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical class CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ODLMAHJVESYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylbenzene Chemical compound CCCC1=CC=CC=C1 ODLMAHJVESYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000002769 thiazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylaluminium Chemical compound CC[Al](CC)CC VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisobutylaluminium Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](CC(C)C)CC(C)C MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ABDKAPXRBAPSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N veratrole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1OC ABDKAPXRBAPSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NKJOXAZJBOMXID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-Oxybisoctane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCC NKJOXAZJBOMXID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKKDJUGGSDWUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)-3-ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC(C=C)=C1C=C YKKDJUGGSDWUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLLUAUADIMPKIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(C=C)C(C=C)=CC=C21 QLLUAUADIMPKIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLPLNIPMXUXDTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-butylphenyl)ethanone Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1C(C)=O PLPLNIPMXUXDTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYSVFZBXZVPIFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-4-(4-ethenylphenyl)benzene Chemical group C1=CC(C=C)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 IYSVFZBXZVPIFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGGDKDTUCAWDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-vinylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C=C)=CC=CC2=C1 IGGDKDTUCAWDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FCMUPMSEVHVOSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-bis(ethenyl)pyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CN=C1C=C FCMUPMSEVHVOSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMQQZUHWWJLUGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-bis(ethenyl)thiophene Chemical compound C=CC=1C=CSC=1C=C AMQQZUHWWJLUGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXNDIJDIPNCZQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene Chemical group CC(=C)CC(C)(C)C FXNDIJDIPNCZQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UVPKUTPZWFHAHY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 2-ethylhexanoate;nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O UVPKUTPZWFHAHY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XRBQEYWBWZFUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexanoic acid;nickel Chemical compound [Ni].CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O XRBQEYWBWZFUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- DXIJHCSGLOHNES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dimethylbut-1-enylbenzene Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 DXIJHCSGLOHNES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMCINEDFOKMBFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dimethylidenehexa-1,5-diene Chemical compound C=CC(=C)C(=C)C=C DMCINEDFOKMBFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MDWVSAYEQPLWMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 MDWVSAYEQPLWMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSAWBBYYMBQKIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[[3,5-bis[(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl]methyl]-2,6-ditert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC1=C(CC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)=C(CC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)=C1CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 VSAWBBYYMBQKIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFDVPJUYSDEJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=NC=C1 KFDVPJUYSDEJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTIIHLLLFSJVCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethylhexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound CCC(CC)=CC=C CTIIHLLLFSJVCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGWOAPBVIGCNOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-ethenyldec-5-ene Chemical compound CCCCC=C(C=C)CCCC UGWOAPBVIGCNOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USSHTWOXWQEPPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-sulfonylcyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1C=CC=CC1=S(=O)=O USSHTWOXWQEPPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDHUTMKESWGMGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)(C)C=1C(=C(C(C(=O)O)=CC1)O)C(C)C.[Ni] Chemical compound C(C)(C)C=1C(=C(C(C(=O)O)=CC1)O)C(C)C.[Ni] DDHUTMKESWGMGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- HTIRHQRTDBPHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl sulfide Chemical compound CCCCSCCCC HTIRHQRTDBPHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPWFJAMTCNSJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecyl gallate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 RPWFJAMTCNSJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005069 Extreme pressure additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTLZVHNRZJPSMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-ethylpiperidine Chemical class CCN1CCCCC1 HTLZVHNRZJPSMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007868 Raney catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000564 Raney nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZKRXPZXQLARHH-XVNBXDOJSA-N [(1e)-buta-1,3-dienyl]benzene Chemical compound C=C\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 XZKRXPZXQLARHH-XVNBXDOJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZRWLZCWFKHJKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li]CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC Chemical compound [Li]CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC VZRWLZCWFKHJKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;nickel Chemical compound [Ni].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UNRQTHVKJQUDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylpyruvic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)C(O)=O UNRQTHVKJQUDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005603 alternating copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MPMBRWOOISTHJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-1-enylbenzene Chemical compound CCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MPMBRWOOISTHJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- LJSQFQKUNVCTIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl sulfide Chemical compound CCSCC LJSQFQKUNVCTIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000555 dodecyl gallate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940080643 dodecyl gallate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010386 dodecyl gallate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-1-ene Chemical group C=C.CC=C HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BXOUVIIITJXIKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;styrene Chemical compound C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 BXOUVIIITJXIKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFSIMBWBBOJPJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC=C AFSIMBWBBOJPJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010685 fatty oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001261 hydroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WGOPGODQLGJZGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;butane Chemical compound [Li+].CC[CH-]C WGOPGODQLGJZGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IHLVCKWPAMTVTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;carbanide Chemical compound [Li+].[CH3-] IHLVCKWPAMTVTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CETVQRFGPOGIQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;hexane Chemical compound [Li+].CCCCC[CH2-] CETVQRFGPOGIQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBEREOHJDYAKDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;propane Chemical group [Li+].CC[CH2-] XBEREOHJDYAKDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940050176 methyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005078 molybdenum compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002752 molybdenum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DAZXVJBJRMWXJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylethylamine Chemical compound CCN(C)C DAZXVJBJRMWXJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- IBXNCJKFFQIKKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propylacetylene Natural products CCCC#C IBXNCJKFFQIKKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIEKYBOPAVTZKW-UHFFFAOYSA-L naphthalene-2-carboxylate;nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2].C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C21.C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C21 UIEKYBOPAVTZKW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- URXNVXOMQQCBHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene;sodium Chemical compound [Na].C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 URXNVXOMQQCBHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940078494 nickel acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PXFAWKNRNHXITF-KVVVOXFISA-N nickel;(z)-octadec-9-enoic acid Chemical compound [Ni].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O PXFAWKNRNHXITF-KVVVOXFISA-N 0.000 description 1
- APYYCUDFPYUYEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel;phenol Chemical compound [Ni].OC1=CC=CC=C1 APYYCUDFPYUYEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical class [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- ZCYXXKJEDCHMGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane Chemical compound CCCC[CH]CCCC ZCYXXKJEDCHMGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N normal nonane Natural products CCCCCCCCC BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1O QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TZMFJUDUGYTVRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-2,3-dione Chemical compound CCC(=O)C(C)=O TZMFJUDUGYTVRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHKJPPKXDNZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyllithium Chemical compound [Li]C1=CC=CC=C1 NHKJPPKXDNZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002587 poly(1,3-butadiene) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Chemical class COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000611 regression analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008698 shear stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000935 solvent evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003011 styrenyl group Chemical group [H]\C(*)=C(/[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=C21 IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical class CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010913 used oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M143/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation
- C10M143/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation containing aromatic monomer, e.g. styrene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/34—Introducing sulfur atoms or sulfur-containing groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M143/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M143/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation
- C10M143/02—Polyethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M143/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation
- C10M143/04—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation containing propene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M143/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation
- C10M143/06—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation containing butene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M143/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation
- C10M143/12—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation containing conjugated diene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/022—Ethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/024—Propene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/026—Butene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/04—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing aromatic monomers, e.g. styrene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/06—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing conjugated dienes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2221/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2221/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/251—Alcohol-fuelled engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
- C10N2040/28—Rotary engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
- C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
Abstract
公开了一种润滑油组合物,它含有主要部分在矿物润滑油和作为粘度指数改进剂的氢化嵌段共聚物或烯烃共聚物,所述共聚物通过磺酰胺基键键合到聚合物链上的羧基而被官能化。还公开了新的产品—羧基官能化氢化聚链二烯烃和星形共聚物。
Description
本发明关于含润滑油粘度指数改进剂(Ⅶ)的润滑油组合物,含这种Ⅶ添加剂的油浓缩物以及某些本质上的Ⅶ添加剂。
多种聚合物用来改进内燃机专用润滑油的粘度指数。这些材料包括氢化苯乙烯/异戊二烯二嵌段共聚物、烯烃共聚物和具有二乙烯基苯衍生的核和聚烯烃侧支的氢化星形(辐射形)共聚物。随着对内烯机深入开发,对润滑油的性能的要求也日益提高,除了基本Ⅶ效果之外,还要求获得更有利的特性。一种特性便是粘弹特性。申请人现已发现,通过在聚合物链上引入羧基,可有利地改进这种特性。
因此,本发明提供了一种润滑油组合物,它含有主要部分的润滑油,还含有作为粘度指数改进剂的氢化嵌段共聚物或烯烃共聚物,所述共聚物是借助于磺酰胺键(-SO2NH-)将羧基键合到聚合物链上而被官能化。这类官能化的聚合物在RSO2NH-结构中宜提供羧基官能的取代基,而且可通过使氢化的嵌段共聚物或烯烃共聚物与式RSO2N3(Ⅰ)的磺酰叠氮化合物反应方便地制备,其中R代表含羧基的有机基团,特别是羧芳基(如羧苯基)。
通式Ⅰ中的有机基团R可含有不是羧基的取代基,这类取代基的例子是卤素原子,即氟、氯、溴或碘原子;氰基;羧基;二烷基氨基;硝基或苄酰基。R代表的芳基可带有例如烷基或环烷基,R代表的烷基可带有例如芳基或环烷基。不排除R代表杂环基,如噻吩基、呋喃基或吡啶基或通过氢化这些基团之一而得到的基团。R基具体的例子有3-羧基-4-羟苯基,3-羧基-4-氯苯基,4-(羧基甲氧基)苯基,3,4-二羧苯基,5-羧萘基,2-新戊基-5-羧苯基和2-乙基-5-羧苯基。
本发明的方法最好通过使选择氢化的嵌段共聚物或烯烃共聚物和通式Ⅰ的叠氮化物的混合物加热到100℃-300℃,特别是150℃-250℃下进行。通式Ⅰ的叠氮化物可以任何适宜的方式与嵌段共聚物进行掺混,例如在粉末混合机中、或熔体中、在常规的橡胶磨中或在密炼机中或在挤出机中。
除了叠氮化物之外,也可掺入其它配料,如稳定剂。需要的话,本发明的方法可在自由基清除剂存在下进行,以防止嵌段共聚物中脂族碳-碳键的降解。自由基清除剂的例子有位阻苯酚类,如“Ionox220”(4,4′-亚甲基-双-2,6-二叔丁基苯酚的商标)和“Ionox330”(1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)苯的商标)。
掺入本发明的润滑油组合物中的改性氢化嵌段共聚物是本身以Ⅵ改进剂公知于世的产品。所以,这类共聚物是式A-B的二嵌段共聚物,其中A是单链烯基芳族聚合物嵌段,最好是数均分子量5,000-50,000的聚苯乙烯,B是由单α-烯烃或共轭二烯衍生的烯烃聚合物嵌段(数均分子量10,000-1,000,000),其中氢化反应至少还原80%的脂肪族不饱和官能团,但小于20%的芳族不饱和官能团。这类氢化二嵌段共聚物是市售的,例如“Shellvis 50”(“Shellvis是商标),在UK专利1,336,746中有说明。正如其中指出的那样,共轭乙烯最好是丁乙烯、异戊乙烯或它们的混合物。如果嵌段共聚物含有α-单烯烃聚合物嵌段B,则优选的单烯烃是乙烯、丙烯和丁烯或它们的混合物。
嵌段A和B可以是均聚物或共聚物嵌段,在共聚物嵌段的情况下,所需单体应占多数。这类典型聚合物在氢化前具有聚苯乙烯/无规苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶(SBR)结构。
氢化嵌段共聚物以使其烯烃不饱和官能团降低至少50%,且最好还原至少80%的初始双键,但最好还原小于10%的芳族不饱和官能团。氢化反应应最好在溶液中进行并使用均相或多相催化剂。如果还原芳族和烯烃双键,则可采用较严格的氢化条件。但是,需要的话,最好在较温和的氢化条件下先还原更容易饱和的烯烃双键,而后再提高温度和压力以有效地还原芳族不饱和官能团。钴或镍盐或用烷基铝化合物还原的醇盐一类的催化剂是优选的。合适的催化剂包括醋酸镍、辛酸镍、或用诸如三乙基铝或三异丁基铝一类的烷基铝化合物还原的乙酰丙酮酸化镍。
用于润滑油的嵌段共聚物,其比例为例如0.75%-10%,最好1-45(重量)。也可另外使用其它添加剂,如去垢剂。
另外,也可用由乙烯和丙烯制备的烯烃共聚物代替嵌段共聚物。更方便的是,用按照对上述二嵌段物或以下星形聚合物描述的方法阴离子聚合异戊二烯,然后使催化剂减活,再按照本文对二嵌段物和星形聚合物描述的方法进行氢化,由此制备纯的乙烯-丙烯交替共聚物。这种烯烃共聚物被当作烯烃共聚物的理想模型,以Ⅵ改进剂销售。
另外,嵌段共聚物可以是氢化的星形(幅射形)共聚物,例如那些含聚(聚链烯基偶联剂)核(通常为二乙烯基苯)并带有至少4个由共轭二烯和/或单链烯基芳烃(通常为异戊二烯或丁二烯)也可与苯乙烯共聚衍生的共聚物侧支,其中氢化反应还原至少50%的脂族不饱和官能团,但低于20%的芳族不饱和官能团。这类氢化的星形聚合物是市售的,如“Shellvis”200和250,在UK专利1575507有介绍。正如其中介绍的那样,这类氢化星形聚合物可通过如下反应步骤制备:
(a)将一种或多种共轭二烯任意选择的和一种或多种单链烯基芳烃化合物在溶液中和存在一种阴离子引发剂的情况下进行聚合,形成活性聚合物,
(b)使活性聚合物与每摩尔活性聚合物至少0.5摩尔的至少含2个非共轭链烯基且不含卤原子的聚链烯基偶联剂反应,生成星形聚合物,及
(c)氢化星形聚合物以形成氢化星形聚合物。
本发明方法的反应步骤(a)制备的活性聚合物是氢化聚合物链的前体,该聚合物链从聚(聚链烯基偶联剂)核向外伸展。
众所周知,活性聚合物可通过共轭二烯和任意选择地与单链烯基芳族化合物在作为阴离子引发剂的碱金属或碱金属烃(例如萘钠)存在情况下进行阴离子溶液聚合来制备。优选的引发剂是烃基锂或烃基单锂。适宜的烃基锂包括不饱和的化合物,例如烯丙基锂、甲代烯丙基锂;芳族化合物,例如苯基锂、甲苯基锂、二甲苯基锂和萘基锂,特别是烷基锂,例如甲基锂、乙基锂、丙基锂、丁基锂、戊基锂、己基锂、2-乙基锂和正十六烷基锂。仲丁基锂是优选的引发剂。引发剂可与另外的单体一起以二步或多步加到聚合反应混合物中,活性聚合物被烯烃不饱和化,也可视情况进行芳烃不饱和化。
反应步骤(a)制得的活性聚合物是线型不饱和活性聚合物,是由一种或多种共轭二烯(例如C4-C12共轭二烯和根据需要而选择的一种或多种单链烯基芳基化合物制备而成。
适宜的共轭二烯的具体例子包括丁二烯(1,3-丁二烯);异戊二烯;1,3-戊二烯(戊间二烯);2,3-二甲基-1,3-丁二烯;3-丁基-1,3-辛二烯,1-苯基-1,3-丁二烯;1,3-己二烯;和4-乙基-1,3-己二烯,以丁二烯和/或异戊二烯为佳。除了一种或多种共轭二烯外,活性聚合物也可部分地由一种或多种单链烯基芳基化合物制得。优选的单链烯基芳基化合物是单乙烯基芳基化合物,例如苯乙烯、单乙烯基萘及它们的烷基化的衍生物,例如邻-、间-和对-甲基苯乙烯,α-甲基苯乙烯和叔丁基苯乙烯。苯乙烯是优选的单链烯基芳基化合物。活性聚合物也可部分地由少量其它单体,例如单乙烯基吡啶、丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸的烷基酯(例如甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸十二酯、甲基丙烯酸十八酯)、氯乙烯、二氯乙烯、羧酸的单乙烯基酯(例如醋酸乙烯酯和硬脂酸乙烯酯)制备而成的。活性聚合物最好完全由烃单体制备。如果单链烯基芳基化合物用来制备活性聚合物,最好它的用量低于50%(重量)(以所用二烯的重量计)。
活性聚合物可以是活性均聚物、活性共聚物、活性三元共聚物、活性四聚物,等等。活性均聚物可由或A-M代表、或中M是阴碳离子基(例如锂),A是聚丁二烯或聚异戊二烯。异戊二烯的活性聚合物是优选的活性均聚物。活性共聚物可由或A-B-M代表,式中A-B是嵌段、无规或标记共聚物,例如聚(丁二烯/异戊二烯)、聚(丁二烯/苯乙烯)或聚(异戊二烯/苯乙烯)。这类式子在没有进一步限制的条件下,不能限制单体在活性聚合物中的排列。例如活性的聚(异戊二烯/苯乙烯)共聚物可以是活性的聚异戊二烯-聚苯乙烯嵌段共聚物,活性的聚苯乙烯-聚异戊二烯的嵌段共聚物、活性的聚(异戊二烯/苯乙烯)无规共聚物、活性的聚(异戊二烯/苯乙烯)标记共聚物或活性的聚(异戊二烯/苯乙烯/异戊二烯)嵌段共聚物。活性三元共聚物的例子可以是活性聚(丁乙烯/苯乙烯/异戊二烯)三聚物。
如上所述,活性共聚物可以是活性嵌段共聚物,活性无规共聚物或活性标记共聚物。活性段共聚物可通过单体的逐步聚合制备而成,例如通过聚合异戊乙烯形成活性聚异戊二烯,然后加入其它单体(例如苯乙烯)形成具有结构式聚-异戊二烯-聚苯乙烯-M的活性嵌段共聚物,或者可首先聚合苯乙烯,形成活性聚苯乙烯,然后加入异戊二烯,形成具有结构式聚苯乙烯-聚异戊二烯-M的活性的共聚物。
活性的无规共聚物可通过将反应性最强的单体逐渐加到聚合反应的混合物中制备而成,这种混合物既可含低反应性的单体,也可含该单体的混合物,以便使聚合反应混合物中的单体摩尔比保持在所控制的水平;也可通过将待共聚合的单体混合物逐渐加到聚合反应的混合物中达到上述要求。活性无规共聚物也可通过在所谓的无规剂存在的情况下进行聚合反应制备而成。无规剂是极性的化合物,它们不使催化剂失活,且产生一种无规共聚合反应的趋势。适宜的无规剂是叔胺类,例如三甲基胺、三乙基胺、二甲基乙基胺、三正丙基胺、三正丁基胺、吡啶、喹啉、N-乙基哌啶、N-甲基吗啉;硫醚类,例如二甲基硫醚、二乙基硫醚、二正丙基硫醚、二正丁基硫醚、甲基乙基硫醚;特别是醚类(例如二甲基醚、甲基乙基醚、二乙基醚、二正丙基醚、二正丁基醚、二辛基醚、二苄基醚、二苯基醚、苯甲醚、1,2-二甲基-氧化乙烷、邻-二甲氧基苯,以及环醚例如四氢呋喃。
活性标记共聚物可通过聚合单体混合物制备而成且由单体间的反应性差而产生的。例如,如果单体A较单体B反应性高,则共聚物的组成逐渐从几乎纯聚-A变到几乎纯聚-B。因此,在每一活性共聚物分子中可区分为三个区域,这三个区域相互逐渐转化且无明显的界限。外区域之一几乎完全由少量的单体A衍生的单元组成且仅含少量的由单体B衍生的单元,在中部区相当量的由单体B衍生的单元大大增多且相当量的由单体A衍生的单元减少,而另一外部区域几乎完全是由单体B衍生的单元组成且仅含少量由单体A衍生的单元。丁二烯和异戊二烯的活性标记共聚物是优选的活性标记聚合物。
因为用上述方法的反应步骤(a)制得的活性聚合物是氢化聚合物链的(它从聚(聚链烯基偶联剂)核向外扩展)前体,因此可以看出优选的氢化聚合物链是氢化聚丁二烯链、氢化聚异戊二烯链、氢化聚(丁二烯/异戊二烯)链、氢化聚(丁二烯/苯乙烯)链和氢化聚(异戊二烯/苯乙烯)链。
形成活性聚合物用的溶剂是惰性液体溶剂,例如脂族烃类(如戊烷、己烷、庚烷、辛烷、2-乙基己烷、壬烷、癸烷、环己烷、甲基环己烷)或芳烃类(如苯、甲苯、乙基苯、二甲苯、二乙基苯、丙基苯)。环己烷是优选的。也可使用烃(例如润滑油)的混合物。
进行聚合反应的温度可在宽的范围内变化,例如从(-)50℃-150℃,最好是20℃-80℃。反应适宜在惰性气体(例如氮气)中进行,且可在加压下进行,例如压力为0.5-10巴(50,000-1,000,000帕)。
用于制备活性聚合物的引发剂的浓度也可在宽的范围内变化,且由所期望的活性聚合物的分子量决定。
由反应步骤(a)制备的活性聚合物的分子量可在宽的范围内变化。适宜的数均分子量是从5,000-150,000,优选的数均分子量150,000-100,000。因此,最终星形聚合物的氢化聚合物链的数均子量也可在这些范围内变化。
然后反应步骤(a)中制备的活性聚合物与聚链烯基偶联剂反应。能制成星形聚合物的聚链烯基偶联剂对于那些精通此项技术的人们是公知的。它们是含至少两个链烯基、通常接到相同的或不同的吸电子基(例如芳核)的化合物。这类化合物具有这样的性质,即至少两个链烯基能与不同的活性聚合物单独反应,在这方面它们不同于常规的共轭二烯聚合单体(例如丁二烯、异戊二烯等)。可使用纯的或工业级的聚链烯基偶联剂。这类化合物可以是脂肪族、芳族或杂环化合物。脂肪化合物的例子包括聚乙烯基乙炔和聚烯丙基乙炔、磷酸酯类和亚磷酸酯类以及二甲基丙烯酸酯(例如二甲基丙烯酸乙酯)。适宜的杂环化合物的例子包括二乙烯基吡啶和二乙烯基噻吩。优选的偶联剂是聚链烯基芳族化合物,且最佳优选的偶联剂是聚乙烯基芳基化合物。这类化合物的实例包括那些芳基化合物(例如苯、甲苯、二甲苯、蒽、丁省和杜烯)(它们用至少二个链烯基最好直接连接到其上而取代)。例子有多乙烯基苯类,例如二乙烯基苯三乙烯基苯四乙烯基苯;二乙烯基、三乙烯基和四乙烯基的、邻-、间-、对-二甲苯,二乙烯基萘,二乙烯基乙基苯,二乙烯基联苯,二异丁烯基苯,二异丙烯基苯和二异丙烯基联苯。优选芳基化合物的表达式为A(CH=CH2)X,其中A是可选择取代的芳核,且X是至少为2的整数。二乙烯基苯,特别是间二乙烯基本是最优选的芳族化合物。可使用纯的或工业级的二乙烯基苯(含各种量的其它单体,例如苯乙烯和乙基苯乙烯)。偶联剂可以掺合物的形式与少量加入的单体一起使用,这种单体可增加核(例如苯乙烯或烷基化苯乙烯)的尺寸。在此种情况下,该核可描述为聚(二链烯基偶联剂/单链烯基芳基化合物)核,例如聚(二乙烯基苯/单链烯基芳基化合物)核。从以上可清楚看出,当术语二乙烯基苯用于描述所述核时指的是纯的或工业级的二乙烯基苯。
聚链烯基偶联剂应在单体基本聚合之后再加到活性聚合物中,即在差不多全部的单体已转化成活性聚合物之后再加该偶联剂。
所以聚链烯基偶联剂的加入量可在宽的范围内变化,但每摩尔不饱和活性聚合物至少要用0.5摩尔。推荐1~15摩尔,最好1.5-5摩尔。以二步或多步加入的该偶联剂用量通常要达到使至少80或85%(重量)活性聚合物转化成星形聚合物。
反应步骤(b)可在与反应步骤(a)相同的溶剂中进行。以上列出了适宜的溶剂。反应步骤(b)的温度也可在宽的范围内变化,例如0°-150℃,优选的温度范围为20℃-120℃。反应也可在惰性气氛(例如氮气)中和在加压(例如0.5-10巴(50,000-1,000,000帕)下进行。
反应步骤(b)制备的星形聚合物的特征在于具有交联的聚(聚链烯基偶联剂)的密实的中心即核和许多从其中向外扩展的基本线型的不饱和聚合物侧支。侧支的数量可变化很大,但通常为4-25,例如7-15。星形均聚物可由式A-X-(A)n表达,星形共聚物可由式A-B-X-(B-A)n表达,其中n是整数,通常为3-24,且X为聚(聚链烯基偶联剂)核。
从以上可以看出,X最好是聚(聚乙烯芳基偶联剂)核,最佳为聚(二乙烯基苯)核。如上指出,据信核为交联的。
然后,这类仍是“活性”的星形聚合物可用已知的方法,加入一种能与碳阴离子端基反应的化合物减活,即“杀死”。适宜的减活剂的实例可以是已述具有一个或多个活性氢原子的化合物,例如水、醇类(例如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、2-乙基己醇)或羧酸类(例如乙醇);或具有一个活性卤原子(例如氯原子)的化合物,例如苯甲基氯、氯甲烷;具有一个酯基的化合物和二氧化碳。如果此方法不能减活,则通过氢化步骤(c)杀死活性星形聚合物。
但是在活性星形聚合物被杀列前,它们可与进一步用量的单体(例如上述类型的相同或不同二烯类和/或单链烯基芳基化合物)反应。上述附加步骤的作用除了增加聚合物链的量外,是为了制备具有至少两种不同类型的聚合物链的进一步的活性星形聚合物。例如,由活性聚异戊二烯制得的活性星形聚合物可与另外的异戊乙烯反应,制备出另外的具有不同数均分子量聚异戊二烯链的活性星形聚合物。另外,活性星形聚异戊二烯均聚物可与苯乙烯单体反应,生成具有聚异戊二烯和聚苯乙烯均聚物链的另外的更活性星形共聚物。因此可以看出,不同的聚合链意味着不同分子量的链和/或不同结构的链。这些进一步的聚合反应可以在基本上与本方法的反应步骤(a)所述的相同条件下进行。如上所述,附加链可以是均聚物、共聚物等。
在反应步骤(c)中待氢化的星形聚合物的分子量可以在宽的范围内变化。
合适的分子量是25,000-1,000,000,以100,000-750,000为佳,以250,000-650,000为最佳。分子量宜用峰值分子量表示(按聚苯乙烯标度的GPC测定)。
在步骤(c)中,可通过任何合适的技术氢化星形聚合物。以至少50%的烯烃不饱和官能团被氢化比较合适,较好至少70%、更好至少90%、最佳至少95%。如果星形聚合物是从单链烯基芳族化合物部分衍生的,则氢化的芳族不饱和官能团的量(如果有的话)取决于所用的氢化条件。但是氢化最好小于10%、最佳小于5%的这种芳族不饱和官能团。如果聚(聚链烯基偶剂)核是聚(聚链烯基芳族偶联剂)核,则根据所用的氢化条件,核的芳族不饱和官能团可以被氢化,也可以不被氢化。氢化的星形聚合物的分子量相应于未氢化的星形聚合物的分子量。
可以任何需要的方式进行氢化反应。可以使用氢化催化剂,如铜或钼化合物。含贵金属的化合物或非贵金属的化合物都可用作氢化催化剂。最好是使用含非贵金属的化合物或周期表第Ⅷ族金属(即铁、钴,特别是镍)的化合物。可指出的例子有Raney镍和载于硅藻土上的镍。特别优选的氢化催化剂是通过使金属烃基化合物与Ⅶ族金属(铁、钴或镍)中的任何一种的有机化合物反应得到的(所述有机化合物至少含有一种利用氧原子键合到金属原子上的有机化合物),例如,英国专利说明书1,030,306对此有介绍。氢化催化剂最好是通过三烷基铝(如三乙基铝或三异丁基铝)与一种有机酸的镍盐(如二异丙基水扬酸镍、环烷酸镍、2-乙基己酸镍、二叔丁基苯甲酸镍通过分子中具有4-20个碳原子的烯烃与一氧化碳和水在酸催化剂存在下反应得到的饱和一羟酸的镍盐)反应或与油酸镍或酚镍(如乙酰丙酮酸镍,丁基乙酰苯的镍盐)反应得到的。
星形聚合物的氢化反应非常适宜在溶液(其中溶剂在氢化反应中呈隋性)中进行。饱和的烃及其混合物是很合适的,而且在同一溶剂(其中已进行聚合反应)中进行氢化反应很有利。
氢化的星形聚合物可以固态方式从溶剂(其中它以任何方便的技术,例如溶剂蒸发进行氢化)回收。另外,也可将油(如润滑油)加到溶液中并从由此形成的混合物中抽提出溶剂制成浓缩物。
可将官能化氢化的嵌段共聚物加到各种油中制成本发明的组合物。油的例子包括燃料油类,如柴油、润滑油如合成润滑油类(如脂油,但最好是矿物涧滑油类);原油和工业油类。通常在这种油中,氢化星形聚合物的浓度可在宽范围内变化,例如其含量为0.15-10%,特别是0.1-5%,最好是0.5-2.5%(重量)。所述量是以组合物的重量计。制备官能化共聚物例如在润滑油中的浓缩物,然后再与润滑油混合成所需的最终组合物常常是很方便的。这类浓缩物宜含有至少10%(重量)、最好10-25%(重量)的官能化聚合物。
迄今为止,所用的油是润滑油,它还可包含其它添加剂,如缓蚀剂和/或抗氧剂和/或去垢剂和/或特压添加剂和/或一种或多种另外的Ⅵ改进剂和/或倾点抑制剂。
通过存在羧基而官能化的氢化星形聚合物本身是新的产品,这便构成了本发明的另一方面。若通过与上式Ⅰ的磺酰叠氮化物反应制备时,这些产物可定义为带有式RSO2NH-侧支官能团和星形聚合物,其中R代表含羧基的有机基团,特别是羧芳基(如羧苯基),这种星形聚合物已在上文定义。
以下用实施例进一步说明本发明。
实施例1-26
制备改性的聚合物
引入羧基改性两种聚合物类,即“shellvis”50(“shellvis是商标)-聚苯乙烯/丙烯=嵌段共聚物(摩尔量90,000)-(SV 50),氢化聚异戊二烯-乙烯/丙烯聚合物(分子量90,000EP)和“shellvis”200-星形聚合物,它含有按照UK专利1575507的方法与二乙烯基苯偶合的摩尔量为35,000的氢化聚异戊二烯侧支(SV200)。将这些产物的样品在含不同量的3-叠氮磺酰基苯甲酸(ASB)的Brabender混合机中(其中存在“Ionox”330(商标)抗氧剂,即1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)苯)于200-215℃下加热。反应物量和产物的羧基含量的详细情况列于表Ⅰ,最终产物已通过在四氢呋喃中溶解、过滤、加入乙醇沉淀羧基化的聚合物而得到纯化,在某些情况下(已指出),通过氢氧化钠进行中和转变变成钠盐。
实施例27
测定流变特性
将按实施例1-21描述的方法制备的改性聚合物加到无灰分散剂,ZDTP分散剂“SAP 001”(过碱烷基水扬酸钙)和润滑油“HVI-60”的预混合物中,得到1.0%(重量)的聚合物、2.0%(重量)的SAP001和7.7%(重量)无灰分散剂和ZDTP(在每种情况下均以最终混合物为基准)。
所有油都是透明光亮的琥珀色,没有沉积物,只是实施例9制备的油呈混浊的琥珀色。
用Ubbelhode粘度计测定100℃下的动粘滞性。用Raveufield锥形塞式粘度计测定高温高剪切粘度(150℃,106秒-1)。用lodge应力计在40℃和106秒-1-106秒-1的剪切速度下测定弹性。这种仪器测定了第一种标准应力差PN,它是剪切应力σ的函数。在以下关系式中,
logPN=A+Blonσ (1)
常数A和B是用回归分析法(regression anlysic)测定的。106秒-1剪切速率下的PN是用106和η之积代入方程式(1)计算出的(此关系式是根据粘度定义=σ/剪切速率得出的)。第一种标准应力差假定为在40℃-150℃与温度无关。此时,用应力计测定弹性只能在60℃以下操作。尽管对各种(非离子的)Ⅵ改进剂化学测定表明,第一种标准应力差在20°-60℃下与温度无关,但150℃以下与温度无关的假定不可靠,特别是胶束形成Ⅵ改进剂。目前可在高达140℃操作应力计,以下对异构体的评估将在此温度下进行。
另外两种弹性(柔量J和松驰时间γ)是用以下关系式从Pn(150℃,106S-1)计算得到的:
J=PN/22(2)
γ=ηJ (3)
最低油膜厚度的最小值(hm)min是用以下模型(见SAE Paper 860376),从3.81Buick v-6汽油机的前主轴承中实验分析(hm)min而估算出的:
(hm)min=0.035+0.52η+1.16 (4)
其中η和γ是在150℃和106秒-1下测定的。当η以mpa.s表示,γ以MS表示时,(hm)min的单位是μm。
这些评估结果列于表2
(表Ⅰ的脚注续)
f TAN=0.001mmol/g
g TAN=0.001mmol/g
h 太高,认为滤液混浊。
k 用N-分析计算。
l 对SV200:每个侧及的羧基数,以S-分析为基准且侧支Mn=35,000。
m 在均相样品中。
Claims (10)
1、润滑油组合物,它含有主要部分的矿物润滑油和作为粘度指数改进剂的氢化嵌段共聚物或烯烃共聚物,所述共聚物通过存在由磺酰胺基键键合到聚合物链上的羧基而被官能化。
2、权利要求1的组合物,其中羧基官能取代基具有RSO2NH-结构,式中R代表含羧基的有机基团。
3、权利要求3的组合物,其中R代表羧苯基。
4、权利要求2或3的组合物,其中氢化嵌段共聚物或烯烃共聚物通过与式RSO2N3的磺酰叠氮化物反应而被官能化,R按权利要求2或3中定义。
5、权利要求4的组合物,其中氢化嵌段共聚物或烯烃共聚与磺酰叠氮化物之间的官能化反应是在100℃-300℃,选含自由基清除剂的情况下加热反应物而进行的。
6、前述任一项权利要求的组合物,其中被官能化的氢化嵌段共聚物或烯烃共聚物是(a)一种或A-B的二嵌段共聚物,其中A中分子量为5,000-50,000的单烯基族聚合物嵌段,B是一种由分子量为10,000-1,000,000的单一烯烃或共轭二烯烃衍生的烯烃聚合物嵌段,其中氢化反应至少还原50%的脂族不饱和官能团,但低于20%芳族不饱和官能团;(b)一种分子量为10,000-1,000,000的氢化聚二烯,其中氢化反应至少还原80%的脂肪不饱和官能团,但低于20%的芳族官能团;(c)一种氢化的星形聚合物,它含有一种聚(聚烯烃偶合剂)核,带有至少4个从共轭二烯烃和/或单烯基芳烃衍生的侧支,其中氢化反应至少还原80%的脂族不饱和官能团但低于20%的芳族不饱和官能团。
7、权利要求6的组合物,其中在(a)中嵌段A是聚苯乙烯,嵌段B是由乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、异戊二烯、丁烯、或它们的混合物衍生的;在(b)中烯烃聚合物是聚丁二烯或聚异戊二烯;且在(c)中星核是由二乙烯基苯衍生的,聚合物侧支是由异戊二烯或丁二烯、视情况与苯乙烯共聚衍生的。
8、一种油浓缩物,它含有一种润滑油和10-30%(重量)的按权利要求1-7中任项所述的羧基官能化的嵌段共聚物或烯烃共聚物。
9、权利要求6或7的官能化氢化聚链二烯烃。
10、权利要求6或7的官能化星形聚合物。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8826026.0 | 1988-11-07 | ||
GB888826026A GB8826026D0 (en) | 1988-11-07 | 1988-11-07 | Modified v i improvers |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1042563A true CN1042563A (zh) | 1990-05-30 |
CN1029007C CN1029007C (zh) | 1995-06-21 |
Family
ID=10646440
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN89108428A Expired - Fee Related CN1029007C (zh) | 1988-11-07 | 1989-11-07 | 润滑油组合物及其所用的官能化高聚物 |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4970009A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0368395B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2866682B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR0140895B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1029007C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU618421B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR8905684A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2001210C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE68901079D1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2032348T3 (zh) |
GB (1) | GB8826026D0 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU1838388C (zh) |
SG (1) | SG44993G (zh) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1061083C (zh) * | 1991-03-13 | 2001-01-24 | 埃克森化学专利公司 | 含有氢化嵌段共聚物的油品组合物 |
CN1061084C (zh) * | 1991-03-15 | 2001-01-24 | 埃克森化学专利公司 | 一种组合物 |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB8928963D0 (en) * | 1989-12-21 | 1990-02-28 | Shell Int Research | Lubricating oil compositions and their preparation |
JP2001279030A (ja) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-10-10 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | オレフィン系熱可塑性エラストマー及びそれからなる成形体 |
US6715473B2 (en) * | 2002-07-30 | 2004-04-06 | Infineum International Ltd. | EGR equipped diesel engines and lubricating oil compositions |
US6956084B2 (en) | 2001-10-04 | 2005-10-18 | Bridgestone Corporation | Nano-particle preparation and applications |
US8877250B2 (en) | 2005-12-20 | 2014-11-04 | Bridgestone Corporation | Hollow nano-particles and method thereof |
US9040468B2 (en) | 2007-07-25 | 2015-05-26 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Hydrolyzable particle compositions, treatment fluids and methods |
US10011763B2 (en) | 2007-07-25 | 2018-07-03 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Methods to deliver fluids on a well site with variable solids concentration from solid slurries |
ES2527600T3 (es) | 2008-12-31 | 2015-01-27 | Bridgestone Corporation | Procedimiento de formación de nanopartículas formando primero el núcleo, nanopartícula y composición |
US20130319667A1 (en) | 2010-10-20 | 2013-12-05 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Degradable latex and method |
US9428604B1 (en) | 2011-12-30 | 2016-08-30 | Bridgestone Corporation | Nanoparticle fillers and methods of mixing into elastomers |
KR102357888B1 (ko) * | 2015-09-16 | 2022-02-03 | 인피늄 인터내셔날 리미티드 | 작용화된 이중블록 공중합체를 포함하는 연료 및 오일용 첨가제 |
US10011803B2 (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2018-07-03 | Infineum International Limited | Viscosity index improver concentrates |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3220985A (en) * | 1962-10-15 | 1965-11-30 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Modifying hydrocarbon polymers |
NL167185C (nl) * | 1972-04-05 | 1981-11-16 | Shell Int Research | Werkwijze ter bereiding van een gemodificeerd dieen- polymeer. |
GB1575507A (en) * | 1976-02-10 | 1980-09-24 | Shell Int Research | Hydrogenated star-shaped polymers and oil compositions thereof |
US4083895A (en) * | 1976-06-14 | 1978-04-11 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Modified block copolymers and process of preparing the same |
US4086171A (en) * | 1977-05-23 | 1978-04-25 | Shell Oil Company | Lubricating composition having a selectively sulfonated and hydrogenated block copolymer viscosity-index improver |
US4292185A (en) * | 1979-12-31 | 1981-09-29 | Rohm And Haas Company | Polymeric additive for lubricants and fuels |
US4317738A (en) * | 1980-10-10 | 1982-03-02 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Dispersants and dispersant viscosity modifiers from oxidized-sulfurized olefins |
US4517104A (en) * | 1981-05-06 | 1985-05-14 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Ethylene copolymer viscosity index improver-dispersant additive useful in oil compositions |
US4659491A (en) * | 1982-08-06 | 1987-04-21 | Texaco Inc. | Lubricating oil containing a polymer having a functionalized backbone which contains an electron withdrawing group |
US4614765A (en) * | 1985-03-29 | 1986-09-30 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Molding composition containing functionalized thermoplastic rubber and method |
US4797447A (en) * | 1985-08-16 | 1989-01-10 | Shell Oil Company | Impact resistant blends of thermoplastic polyesters and modified block copolymers |
US4783503A (en) * | 1985-08-16 | 1988-11-08 | Shell Oil Company | Impact resistant blends of thermoplastic polyamides and modified block copolymers |
US4652600A (en) * | 1985-09-20 | 1987-03-24 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Sulfomaleation of polyolefins (C-1966) |
-
1988
- 1988-11-07 GB GB888826026A patent/GB8826026D0/en active Pending
-
1989
- 1989-10-23 CA CA002001210A patent/CA2001210C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-11-01 EP EP89202757A patent/EP0368395B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-11-01 DE DE8989202757T patent/DE68901079D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-11-01 ES ES198989202757T patent/ES2032348T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-11-04 RU SU894742512A patent/RU1838388C/ru active
- 1989-11-06 AU AU44432/89A patent/AU618421B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-11-06 KR KR1019890016037A patent/KR0140895B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-11-06 BR BR898905684A patent/BR8905684A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-11-07 JP JP1289832A patent/JP2866682B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-11-07 CN CN89108428A patent/CN1029007C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1990
- 1990-04-02 US US07/504,058 patent/US4970009A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-04-14 SG SG44993A patent/SG44993G/en unknown
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1061083C (zh) * | 1991-03-13 | 2001-01-24 | 埃克森化学专利公司 | 含有氢化嵌段共聚物的油品组合物 |
CN1061084C (zh) * | 1991-03-15 | 2001-01-24 | 埃克森化学专利公司 | 一种组合物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0368395A1 (en) | 1990-05-16 |
SG44993G (en) | 1993-06-25 |
CN1029007C (zh) | 1995-06-21 |
CA2001210C (en) | 2000-01-25 |
DE68901079D1 (de) | 1992-04-30 |
JP2866682B2 (ja) | 1999-03-08 |
EP0368395B1 (en) | 1992-03-25 |
BR8905684A (pt) | 1990-06-05 |
US4970009A (en) | 1990-11-13 |
JPH02196893A (ja) | 1990-08-03 |
AU618421B2 (en) | 1991-12-19 |
CA2001210A1 (en) | 1990-05-07 |
GB8826026D0 (en) | 1988-12-14 |
KR900008021A (ko) | 1990-06-02 |
KR0140895B1 (ko) | 1998-06-15 |
RU1838388C (ru) | 1993-08-30 |
AU4443289A (en) | 1990-05-10 |
ES2032348T3 (es) | 1993-02-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN1029562C (zh) | 齿轮油组合物 | |
CN1029007C (zh) | 润滑油组合物及其所用的官能化高聚物 | |
CN1061083C (zh) | 含有氢化嵌段共聚物的油品组合物 | |
CN1061084C (zh) | 一种组合物 | |
US4156673A (en) | Hydrogenated star-shaped polymer | |
US4116917A (en) | Hydrogenated star-shaped polymer | |
CN102731739B (zh) | 用作润滑油粘度指数改进剂的星形聚合物及其制备方法和应用 | |
EP0298578B1 (en) | Polymeric viscosity index additive and oil composition comprising the same | |
US7776804B2 (en) | Viscosity improver compositions providing improved low temperature characteristics to lubricating oil | |
JP2015061928A (ja) | 改良された低温特性を潤滑油に賦与する粘性改良剤組成物 | |
CN1234823A (zh) | 分散剂粘度指数改进剂 | |
CN1576359A (zh) | 用于润滑油的粘度指数改进剂 | |
TWI689549B (zh) | 黏度指數改良劑濃體 | |
FI62334B (fi) | Smoerjmedelstillsats | |
CN1128273A (zh) | 丁苯粘度指数改进剂的制造方法 | |
CN107513455A (zh) | 一种粘度指数改进剂和润滑油 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
C19 | Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |