A kind of have the lithium battery of fireproof anti-explosion device and apply the electric motor car of this battery
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of lithium battery and the application product thereof with fireproof anti-explosion device, in particular, it relates to and a kind ofly has the lithium battery of fireproof anti-explosion device and apply the electric motor car of this battery.
Background technology
Due to non-renewable energy resources crisis and environmental pollution serious, the whole world accelerates the development of environmental protection high-performance lithium battery, the application of lithium battery extends to traffic power by digital product field, energy storage, space flight, the fields such as communication spare power supplies, people also develop into even thousands of ampere-hour up to a hundred by original hundreds of MAH to the demand of lithium battery, along with the lifting of capacity, safety problem will be difficult to control more, therefore high-capacity lithium battery fail safe is now the problem of numerous enterprises research, if it is on fire to resolve lithium battery, explode this global problem, the application of lithium battery will enter faster wider developing stage.Publication number is that the invention of CN102044715A discloses a kind of explosion-proof equipment of lithium battery on May 4th, 2011, it comprises the structure of lithium battery casing, positive electrode, negative electrode, sheet rubber, lithium battery casing is provided with air vent hole, air vent hole covers and is fixed with sheet rubber, the thickness of sheet rubber is 0.5-5mm.Owing to adopting sheet rubber as explosion-proof valve, injecting electrolyte and nitrogen, liquid injection hole and explosion-proof valve being integrated without the need to offering liquid injection hole in addition in battery, structure is simple, and cost is low, easy to process simple to operate; During use, only need inwardly inject electrolyte and nitrogen with needle tubing through sheet rubber, after extracting syringe needle, utilize the enclosed elastic of sheet rubber pin hole, reach electrolyte and nitrogen does not leak, lithium battery normally works.This invention is applicable to the lithium battery of various shape and different-thickness.But lithium battery blast mainly due to short circuit, because to overcharge or the too high heat radiation caused of ambient temperature is not smooth etc. that reason causes what is called " thermal runaway " problem, " thermal runaway " and then initiation inner pressure of battery increase severely, thus set off an explosion, therefore prevent lithium battery from exploding and not only will drain interior pressure in time, also should start with from temperature control loop joint, many-side takes measures more effectively to reach the explosion-proof target of lithium battery, and this invention only lays particular emphasis on by air vent hole and explosion-proof valve pressure release, instead of adopt more fully safeguard procedures, therefore produce effects comparatively limited.
Summary of the invention
Lithium battery is very easily because short circuit, the problem such as bad of dispelling the heat cause blast on fire, and the fire-proof and explosion-proof measure of existing lithium battery can only limitedly improve subproblem and can not deal with problems comprehensively, for overcoming this defect, the invention provides and a kind ofly strengthen there is the lithium battery of fireproof anti-explosion device and applying the electric motor car of this battery of fire-proof and explosion-proof function for the lithium battery blast on fire origin cause of formation.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of lithium battery with fireproof anti-explosion device, described lithium battery comprises battery core group, battery core sheath and shell, battery core group is placed in battery core sheath, battery core sheath is placed in shell, heat insulation layer is provided with between inner surface of outer cover and battery core sheath, be filled with extinguish material in the gap of battery core sheath and heat insulation layer, shell is provided with dredging hole.This device is provided with heat insulation layer between surface and battery core sheath in the enclosure, can prevent outside high heat from entering inside battery another aspect extinguish material on the one hand and by the heat absorption of lithium battery generation, can play the effect suppressing temperature to raise fast; On the other hand, can utilize further and the endothermic reaction can occur and the carbon dioxide that the extinguish material reaction producing carbon dioxide generates progressively squeezes the oxygen of inside battery, eliminate and support that the key element of burning occurs battery core, thus reach the object suppressing burning; Moreover, by dredging hole, air original in shell and the carbon dioxide that generated afterwards are discharged in time while utilizing extinguish material absorbing and cooling temperature, keep inner pressure of battery to be stabilized in a lsafety level.By above-mentioned measure, this device effectively can prevent lithium battery blast on fire, greatly improves lithium battery safety in utilization.
As preferably, described dredging hole is provided with relief valve, relief valve comprises valve body and active valve block, and valve body opening has been threaded valve gap, and bonnet central is provided with central through hole, the valve pocket of up big and down small taper type is provided with in valve body, active valve block also also slides adaptedly in taper type and is arranged in valve pocket, and be provided with a stage clip between valve gap and active valve block, stage clip one end is hooked on active valve block, the other end is connected to valve gap bottom surface, and stage clip circle circle external diameter is greater than central through hole diameter.In its natural state, active valve block extrudes by stage clip, is pressed in valve pocket, blocks valve pocket.When enclosure air pressure increases, active valve block finally outwards can be backed down because of the pressure differential inside and outside shell, remove the shutoff to valve pocket, thus the pressure making enclosure excessive is discharged, guarantee that inner pressure of battery is in safer level, reduce risk of explosion.The passage that leaks of a small amount of air of enclosure is entered when relief valve is also battery assembling on the other hand, under the exclusion of the carbon dioxide constantly generated in the enclosure, original air is progressively drained, in the absence of oxygen, the battery core group of battery can not be burnt, thus plays fire-retardant fireproof effect.
As preferably, described extinguish material is bicarbonate.Selfdecomposition reaction can be there is when bicarbonate is heated, generate carbon dioxide, and this reaction is the endothermic reaction, meets the need of work of this device.Select bicarbonate to be extinguish material, only need single material, install additional, deposit in battery all more convenient.
As preferably, described bicarbonate is sodium acid carbonate, saleratus, calcium bicarbonate, carbonic hydroammonium or its mixture.
As preferably, described heat insulation layer material is silicon dioxide.Silicon dioxide has good insulating refractory performance.
As preferably, battery core sheath ABS plastic is made.ABS plastic has good fire resistance, even if also can effectively prevent the intensity of a fire from expanding when burning occurs battery core group, contains the generation of more serious conditions.
As an alternative, battery core sheath is formed from aluminium.If this device will utilize extinguish material decomposes to produce effect, extinguish material needs enough to be heated and could decompose, therefore battery core sheath should select the material of good heat conduction effect, the heat that battery core group produces is derived fully and makes extinguish material accept, the good heat conductivity of aluminium and for the material of other good heat conductivity price more cheap, and the density of aluminium is less, lighter after making parts, be conducive to cell integrated lightweight.
As preferably, shell is formed from aluminium.The density of aluminium is less, and the shell made is lighter relative to iron, lead alloy etc., is conducive to cell integrated lightweight.
As preferably, described dredging hole is positioned at cover top portion.The carbon dioxide density that described extinguish material decomposition generates is greater than the atmospheric density under equal conditions, carbon dioxide more easily sinks to shell inner bottom part, thus original air is extruded into shell inner top, therefore the fast evacuation that dredging hole is more conducive to original air is set in cover top portion, and the storage of newly-generated carbon dioxide is stayed, form the anaerobic environment of inside battery, realize the object of fire-retardant fireproof better.
Have an electric motor car for the lithium battery of fireproof anti-explosion device described in applying, electric motor car is provided with described lithium battery fireproof anti-explosion device.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Greatly improve the security protection performance of lithium battery, this device at lithium battery because surface is in the enclosure provided with heat insulation layer, can prevent outside high heat from entering inside battery on the one hand, reduce battery use safety risk, further, in use procedure can be heated time can there is the endothermic reaction and the extinguish material producing carbon dioxide as working media, battery is absorbed heat and starvation, and inner pressure of battery can be regulated and controled in time, by adopting above comprehensive protecting method, can effectively prevent on fire, the accidents such as blast occur, greatly reduce the security risk that battery uses.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 be in the present invention relief valve a kind of structural representation;
Fig. 3 is a kind of structural representation of lithium battery in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a kind of confined state schematic diagram of lithium battery in the present invention.
In figure, 1-battery core group, 2-battery core sheath, 3-shell, 4-relief valve, 5-valve body, 6-active valve block, 7-valve gap, 8-central through hole, 9-valve pocket, 10-stage clip, 11-bicarbonate powder, 12-heat insulation layer.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
embodiment 1:
As Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, shown in Fig. 4, a kind of electric motor car, use a kind of lithium battery with fireproof anti-explosion device, described lithium battery comprises battery core group 1, battery core sheath 2 and shell 3, battery core group 1 is placed in battery core sheath 2, battery core sheath 2 is placed in shell 3, bicarbonate powder 11 is preferably filled with as extinguish material in the gap of battery core sheath 2 and shell 3, it is sodium acid carbonate in the present embodiment, battery core sheath 2 is made up of ABS, shell 3 is formed from aluminium, shell 3 is an approximate cuboid closed, by housing, upper cover, bottom forms, the top cover of shell 3 is provided with a dredging hole, preferably on dredging hole, be provided with relief valve 4.Relief valve 4 comprises valve body 5 and active valve block 6, valve body 5 mouthfuls has been threaded valve gap 7, valve gap 7 center is provided with central through hole 8, be provided with the valve pocket 9 of up big and down small taper type in valve body 5, active valve block 6 also also slides adaptedly in taper type and is arranged in valve pocket 9, and active valve block 6 tapering is equal with valve pocket 9 tapering, a stage clip 10 is provided with between valve gap 7 and active valve block 6, stage clip 10 one end is hooked on active valve block 6, and the other end is connected to valve gap 7 bottom surface, and stage clip 10 circle circle external diameter is greater than central through hole 8 diameter.Suitable specification selected by stage clip 10, and when shell 3 air pressure inside reaches certain air pressure, shell 3 internal pressure suffered by active valve block 6 can overcome stage clip 10 elastic force just.Shell 3 inner surface is provided with heat insulation layer 12, and this heat insulation layer 12 can be made with silicon dioxide or asbestos, and the heat insulation layer 12 be made up of silicon dioxide or asbestos is arranged between shell 3 inner surface and extinguish material, and sodium acid carbonate is located between heat insulation layer and battery core sheath 2.
Lithium battery is in the course of the work once because of reason adstante febres such as short circuits, in battery core sheath 2, temperature rises gradually, and due to the obstruct of heat insulation layer, heat energy not easily distributes, and shell 3 internal temperature and shell 3 air pressure inside also rise thereupon, when temperature arrives 50 DEG C, sodium acid carbonate starts chemical reaction occurs, and resolves into sodium carbonate, water and carbon dioxide, and the thermal decomposition of sodium acid carbonate is an endothermic process, in thermal decomposition process, constantly consume heat energy, this can suppress shell 3 internal temperature to rise fast.The carbon dioxide generated to be mixed in shell 3 after original air, shell 3 internal gas pressure increases further, when shell 3 internal gas pressure reaches two atmospheric pressure, active valve block 6 can be promoted by shell 3 internal gas pressure, the elastic force overcoming stage clip 10 rises, and active valve block 6 departs from adapting position that is original and valve pocket 9, has occurred space between active valve block 6 and valve pocket 9 chamber wall, shell 3 air pressure inside just can leak via this space, until shell 3 internal gas pressure falls back to below two atmospheric pressure.Carbon dioxide constantly produces, and the inner original a small amount of air of shell 3 is drained gradually, and the oxygen of such shell 3 inside is finally drained, and shell 3 internal voids is finally all occupied by carbon dioxide.Without oxygen, shell 3 inside just loses the essential elements of battery core group burning, thus reaches the object of fire-retardant fireproof, avoids more serious security incident occurs.In the present embodiment, can be only be provided with dredging hole on the top cover of shell 3, and do not establish relief valve, lithium battery in the course of the work once because of reason adstante febres such as short circuits, when in battery core sheath 2, temperature rises to uniform temperature gradually, battery core inner material produces reaction, and causing battery core internal pressure to become large, battery core is broken, and the thermals source such as the gas that battery core inside produces and particle are under the effect of internal pressure, by outside dredging hole ejection housing, decrease the thermal source of enclosure interior, the rising of shell 3 internal temperature simultaneously, sodium acid carbonate starts chemical reaction occurs, resolve into sodium carbonate, water and carbon dioxide, the thermal decomposition of sodium acid carbonate is an endothermic process, constantly heat energy is consumed in thermal decomposition process, this can suppress shell 3 internal temperature to rise fast, the carbon dioxide produced to be mixed in shell 3 after original air, shell 3 internal gas pressure increases further, oxygen is discharged housing 3 by dredging hole, and completely cut off inner for shell 3 with external oxygen, because carbon dioxide constantly produces, and the inner original a small amount of air of shell 3 is drained gradually, the oxygen of such shell 3 inside is finally drained, and shell 3 internal voids is finally all occupied by carbon dioxide, without oxygen, shell 3 inside just loses the essential elements of battery core group burning, thus reach the object of fire-retardant fireproof, avoid more serious security incident occurs.In addition, due to the generation of carbon dioxide, to adulterate carbon dioxide from the thermal source of dredging hole ejection, also greatly reduce the danger of ejection thermal source.In the present embodiment, bicarbonate as extinguish material can also be that saleratus, calcium bicarbonate, carbonic hydroammonium etc. can carry out endothermic decomposition in different temperature points and generate the bicarbonate of carbon dioxide, or the mixture of these bicarbonates, also can be do not carry out chemical breakdown can the extinguish material of absorbing and cooling temperature.
embodiment 2:
Battery core sheath 2 is formed from aluminium, and all the other are with embodiment 1.
The lithium battery with fireproof anti-explosion device of the present invention can be applied in as on the vehicles such as electric bicycle, battery-operated motor cycle, electric automobile.