A kind of lithium battery with fireproof anti-explosion device and the electric car using the battery
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of lithium battery and its application product with fireproof anti-explosion device, in particular, it is related to
A kind of lithium battery with fireproof anti-explosion device and the electric car using the battery.
Background technology
Because non-renewable energy resources crisis and environmental pollution are serious, the whole world accelerates the hair of green high-performance lithium battery
Exhibition, the application field of lithium battery extend to the fields such as traffic power, energy storage, space flight, communication spare power supplies by digital product field,
People also develop into up to a hundred or even thousands of ampere-hours to the demand of lithium battery by hundreds of original MAHs, with carrying for capacity
Rising, safety problem is it will be more difficult to control, therefore high-capacity lithium battery security is the problem of numerous enterprises research now, if
It can resolve that lithium battery is on fire, explode this global problem, the application of lithium battery will enter faster wider array of developing stage.
Publication No. CN102044715A invention disclosed a kind of explosion-proof equipment of lithium battery on May 4th, 2011, and it includes lithium battery
Structure including housing, positive electrode, negative electrode, sheet rubber, lithium battery casing are provided with passage, covered on passage and fixed
There is sheet rubber, the thickness of sheet rubber is 0.5-5mm.Due to using sheet rubber as explosion-proof valve, without open up in addition liquid injection hole to
Injection electrolyte and nitrogen, liquid injection hole and explosion-proof valve are integrated, simple in construction, cost is low, operation easy to process in battery
Simply;In use, only need to inwardly inject electrolyte and nitrogen through sheet rubber with needle tubing, after extracting syringe needle, sheet rubber is utilized
Enclosed elastic pin hole, reaches electrolyte and nitrogen does not leak, lithium battery normal work.The invention is applied to variously-shaped and not
The lithium battery of stack pile.But blast is occurring for lithium battery mainly due to so-called " heat caused by short circuit, the reason such as not smooth that radiates
It is out of control " caused by problem, " thermal runaway " and then trigger inner pressure of battery to increase severely, so as to set off an explosion, therefore prevent lithium battery from exploding
Not only to drain internal pressure in time, should also from temperature control, prevent the links such as short circuit from starting with, many-side takes measures could be more effective
Ground reaches the explosion-proof target of lithium battery, and the invention only lay particular emphasis on it is more complete by passage and explosion-proof valve pressure release, rather than use
The safeguard procedures in face, therefore it is relatively limited to produce effects.
The content of the invention
Lithium battery easily because short circuit, radiating is bad the problems such as cause blast on fire, and existing lithium battery is fire-proof and explosion-proof arranges
Applying limitedly can only improve subproblem and be unable to comprehensively solve problem, and to overcome this defect, the invention provides a kind of pin
The blast origin cause of formation on fire to lithium battery strengthens the lithium battery fireproof anti-explosion device of fire-proof and explosion-proof function, additionally provides one kind and applies the dress
The electric car put.
The technical scheme is that:A kind of lithium battery with fireproof anti-explosion device, the lithium battery include battery core group
The endothermic reaction can be occurred when heated and produce by being filled with and shell, battery core group are placed in shell, in the gap of battery core group and shell
The fire extinguishing material of raw carbon dioxide, shell are provided with dredging hole.It is passive that the present apparatus is carried out for the mechanism of lithium battery blast on fire
Reaction equation works, i.e., by the rise of lithium battery electric core temperature, promotes fire extinguishing material to react, on the one hand according to the fire extinguishing material
Thermal property is inhaled during material reaction, the heat absorption that lithium battery interior is generated, plays and suppresses temperature quickly elevated effect;It is another
Aspect, the oxygen of inside battery is progressively squeezed using the carbon dioxide of reaction generation, eliminates the key element for supporting that battery core is burnt,
So as to reach the purpose for suppressing burning;Furthermore by dredging hole by shell while using the fire extinguishing material absorbing and cooling temperature
Original air and the carbon dioxide generated later are discharged in time, keep inner pressure of battery stable in a level of security.By upper
Measure is stated, the present apparatus can effectively prevent lithium battery blast on fire, greatly improve lithium battery safety in utilization.Putting out a fire material can be with
For a kind of composition, generation carbon dioxide is reacted by selfdecomposition.
Preferably, the dredging hole is provided with relief valve, relief valve includes valve body and active valve block, screw thread on valve body opening
Bonnet is connected with, bonnet central is provided with central through hole, and the valve pocket of up big and down small taper type is provided with valve body, and active valve block is also in
Taper type is simultaneously adaptedly slideably positioned in valve pocket, a stage clip is provided between bonnet and active valve block, stage clip one end is hooked in activity
On valve block, the other end is connected to bonnet bottom surface, and stage clip circle circle external diameter is more than central through hole diameter.In its natural state, moving valve
Block is extruded by stage clip, is pressed in valve pocket, blocks valve pocket.When enclosure air pressure increases, active valve block is eventually because outer
Pressure differential inside and outside shell and opened by outside top, release the closure to valve pocket so that the excessive pressure of enclosure is released,
Ensure that inner pressure of battery is in safer level, reduce risk of explosion.Another aspect relief valve enters when being also battery assembling
Enter the passage that leaks of a small amount of air of enclosure, under the exclusion for the carbon dioxide being continuously generated in shell, it is original containing
The air of oxygen is progressively drained, and can be prevented extraneous air when maintaining the safe internal pressure of battery and be again introduced into, and is so existed
In the case of not having oxygen, the battery core group of battery will not burn, so as to play fire-retardant fireproof effect.
Preferably, described fire extinguishing material is bicarbonate.Bicarbonate may occur from decomposition reaction when heated, generate
Carbon dioxide, and this reaction is the endothermic reaction, meets the need of work of the present apparatus.It is fire extinguishing material from bicarbonate,
Install additional, storage is all more convenient in battery.
Preferably, the bicarbonate is sodium acid carbonate, saleratus, calcium bicarbonate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate or its mixture.
These be all it is common be easy to get and at slightly higher temperature can decomposition reaction bicarbonate.
Preferably, the dredging hole is located at cover top portion.The carbon dioxide density that the fire extinguishing material decomposes generation is big
Atmospheric density under equal conditions, carbon dioxide are more easy to sink to shell inner bottom part, are pushed up so as to which original air is extruded into shell
Portion, therefore the fast evacuation of original air is more conducive in cover top portion setting dredging hole, and the storage of newly-generated carbon dioxide is stayed,
The anaerobic environment of inside battery is formed, the purpose of fire-retardant fireproof is better achieved.
Preferably, be provided with heat insulation layer in the shell, the heat insulation layer be arranged on inner surface of outer cover with put out a fire material it
Between.On the one hand heat insulation layer can prevent outside high heat from entering inside battery, on the other hand prevent inside battery heat energy dissipation, be
The decomposition reaction of fire extinguishing material provides necessary energy, therefore the heat absorption that material can generate lithium battery of putting out a fire, and play suppression
Temperature quickly elevated effect.
Preferably, the adiabatic layer material is silica.Silica has preferable insulating refractory performance.
Preferably, shell is formed from aluminium.The density of aluminium is smaller, and manufactured shell is lighter relative to iron, metal etc.,
Be advantageous to the overall lightweight of battery.
A kind of electric car, using the lithium battery with fireproof anti-explosion device.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
The security protection performance of lithium battery is greatly improved, reduces battery risk safe to use.The present apparatus uses in lithium battery
During using it is heated when the endothermic reaction can occur and produce carbon dioxide fire extinguishing material as working media, battery is inhaled
Heat and starvation, and inner pressure of battery can be regulated and controled in time, by using above comprehensive protecting method, can effectively prevent on fire, quick-fried
The accident such as fried occurs, and substantially reduces the security risk that battery uses.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a kind of structural representation of relief valve in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a kind of structural representation of lithium battery in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a kind of confined state schematic diagram of lithium battery in the present invention.
In figure, 1- battery core groups, 2- heat insulation layers, 3- shells, 4- relief valves, 5- valve bodies, 6- active valve blocks, 7- bonnets, in 8-
Heart through hole, 9- valve pockets, 10- stage clips, 11- bicarbonate powders.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described for specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment:
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, a kind of electric car, it which is provided with a kind of lithium electricity with fireproof anti-explosion device
Pond, described lithium battery include battery core group 1, shell 3, and battery core group 1 is placed in shell 3, in the gap of battery core group 1 and shell 3
Temperature control fire extinguishing material is used as filled with the bicarbonate powder 11 that can be thermally decomposed and discharge carbon dioxide, is in the present embodiment
Sodium acid carbonate, shell 3 are formed from aluminium, and shell 3 is the approximate cuboid of a closing, are made up of housing, upper lid, bottom, shell 3
Top cover is provided with a dredging hole, and relief valve 4 is provided with preferably on dredging hole.Relief valve 4 includes valve body 5 and active valve block 6, valve
Bonnet 7 is threaded with 5 mouthfuls of body, the center of bonnet 7 is provided with central through hole 8, and the valve of up big and down small taper type is provided with valve body 5
Chamber 9, active valve block 6 are also slideably positioned in taper type and adaptedly in valve pocket 9, the taper of active valve block 6 and the taper phase of valve pocket 9
Deng being provided with a stage clip 10 between bonnet 7 and active valve block 6, the one end of stage clip 10 is hooked on active valve block 6, and the other end is connected to valve
The bottom surface of lid 7, the circle circle external diameter of stage clip 10 are more than the diameter of central through hole 8.Stage clip 10 selects suitable specification, when the air pressure inside of shell 3
When reaching certain air pressure during atmospheric pressure, the internal pressure of shell 3 suffered by active valve block 6 can overcome the elastic force of stage clip 10 just.Outside
Heat insulation layer 2 is provided with shell 3, the heat insulation layer 2 can be formed with silica or asbestos, the thermal insulation formed by silica or asbestos
Layer 2 is arranged between the inner surface of shell 3 and fire extinguishing material sodium acid carbonate, and sodium acid carbonate is located between heat insulation layer and battery core group 1.
Lithium battery is in the course of the work once because of the reason adstante febre such as short circuit, the internal temperature of shell 3 and the inside gas of shell 3
Pressure also rises therewith, and when temperature reaches 50 DEG C, chemical reaction takes place in sodium acid carbonate, resolves into sodium carbonate, water and titanium dioxide
Carbon, the thermal decomposition of sodium acid carbonate is an endothermic process, heat energy is constantly consumed in thermal decomposition process, this can suppress in shell 3
Portion's temperature rapid increase.The carbon dioxide of generation is mixed into shell 3 after original air, and air pressure further increases in shell 3, when
When air pressure reaches two atmospheric pressure in shell 3, active valve block 6 can be promoted by air pressure in shell 3, on the elastic force for overcoming stage clip 10
Rise, active valve block 6 departs from the originally adapting position with valve pocket 9, occurs space, shell 3 between active valve block 6 and the cavity wall of valve pocket 9
Air pressure inside can leak via the space, until air pressure is fallen back to below two atmospheric pressure in shell 3.Carbon dioxide not stopping pregnancy
It is raw, and the original a small amount of air in the inside of shell 3 is gradually drained, the oxygen inside such shell 3 is finally drained, and shell 3
Internal voids are finally all occupied by carbon dioxide.Necessity member of battery core group burning is just lost without oxygen, inside shell 3
Element, so as to reach the purpose of fire-retardant fireproof, avoid that more serious security incident occurs.Can be in shell 3 in the present embodiment
Top cover on be provided only with dredging hole, without setting relief valve, once lithium battery is in the course of the work because of the reason adstante febre such as short circuit, electricity
Core inner material produces reaction, and causes battery core internal pressure to become big, battery core rupture, gas and particle etc. caused by inside battery core
Thermal source internally in the presence of pressure, is sprayed outside housing by dredging hole, reduces the thermal source of enclosure interior;Simultaneously in shell 3
Chemical reaction takes place in the rising of portion's temperature, sodium acid carbonate, resolves into sodium carbonate, water and carbon dioxide, the heat of sodium acid carbonate
Decomposition is an endothermic process, and heat energy is constantly consumed in thermal decomposition process, and this can suppress the internal temperature rapid increase of shell 3,
Caused carbon dioxide is mixed into shell 3 after original air, and air pressure further increases in shell 3, and oxygen is passed through into dredging hole
Housing 3 is discharged, and the inside of shell 3 is completely cut off with external oxygen, because carbon dioxide constantly produces, and the inside of shell 3 is original
A small amount of air is gradually drained, and the oxygen inside such shell 3 is finally drained, and the internal voids of shell 3 are final all by two
Carbonoxide is occupied, and the essential elements of battery core group burning is just lost without oxygen, inside shell 3, fire-retardant anti-so as to reach
The purpose of fire, avoid that more serious security incident occurs.Further, since the generation of carbon dioxide, the thermal source sprayed from dredging hole
Carbon dioxide is adulterated, has been greatly reduced the danger for spraying thermal source.In the present embodiment, the bicarbonate as fire extinguishing material
It can also be that saleratus, calcium bicarbonate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate etc. can carry out endothermic decomposition in different temperature points and generate carbon dioxide
Bicarbonate, or the mixture of these bicarbonates.
The lithium battery with fireproof anti-explosion device of the present invention can be applied in such as electric bicycle, battery-operated motor cycle, electricity
On the vehicles such as electrical automobile.