CN104218200B - A kind of lithium battery with fireproof anti-explosion device and the electric car using the battery - Google Patents

A kind of lithium battery with fireproof anti-explosion device and the electric car using the battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104218200B
CN104218200B CN201410369483.2A CN201410369483A CN104218200B CN 104218200 B CN104218200 B CN 104218200B CN 201410369483 A CN201410369483 A CN 201410369483A CN 104218200 B CN104218200 B CN 104218200B
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China
Prior art keywords
battery core
battery
lithium battery
shell
explosion device
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CN201410369483.2A
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CN104218200A (en
Inventor
孙延先
任宁
李爱明
杨晓旭
张海飞
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Zhejiang Chaoheng Power Technology Co., Ltd.
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Zhejiang Chaowei Chuangyuan Industrial Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201410369483.2A priority Critical patent/CN104218200B/en
Publication of CN104218200A publication Critical patent/CN104218200A/en
Priority to EP15827608.9A priority patent/EP3176847B1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2015/085029 priority patent/WO2016015603A1/en
Priority to US15/327,893 priority patent/US10319970B2/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62CFIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/07Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62CFIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/16Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of lithium battery with fireproof anti-explosion device, the lithium battery includes battery core group, battery core sheath and shell, battery core group is placed in battery core sheath, battery core sheath is placed in shell, filled with the endothermic reaction can occur and produce the fire extinguishing material of carbon dioxide in the gap of battery core sheath and shell, inner surface of outer cover is provided with heat insulation layer, and for battery core sheath with being filled with damping fire proofing in the gap of battery core group, shell is provided with dredging hole.The present apparatus during lithium battery uses using it is heated when the endothermic reaction can occur and produce the fire extinguishing material of carbon dioxide be used as working media, battery is absorbed heat and starvation, and inner pressure of battery can be regulated and controled in time, by using above comprehensive protecting method, it can effectively prevent the accidents such as on fire, blast from occurring, substantially reduce the security risk that battery uses.

Description

A kind of lithium battery with fireproof anti-explosion device and the electric car using the battery
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of lithium battery and its application product with fireproof anti-explosion device, in particular, it is related to A kind of lithium battery with fireproof anti-explosion device and the electric car using the battery.
Background technology
Because non-renewable energy resources crisis and environmental pollution are serious, the whole world accelerates the hair of green high-performance lithium battery Exhibition, the application field of lithium battery extend to the fields such as traffic power, energy storage, space flight, communication spare power supplies by digital product field, People also develop into up to a hundred or even thousands of ampere-hours to the demand of lithium battery by hundreds of original MAHs, with carrying for capacity Rising, safety problem is it will be more difficult to control, therefore high-capacity lithium battery security is the problem of numerous enterprises research now, if It can resolve that lithium battery is on fire, explode this global problem, the application of lithium battery will enter faster wider array of developing stage. Publication No. CN102044715A invention disclosed a kind of explosion-proof equipment of lithium battery on May 4th, 2011, and it includes lithium battery Structure including housing, positive electrode, negative electrode, sheet rubber, lithium battery casing are provided with passage, covered on passage and fixed There is sheet rubber, the thickness of sheet rubber is 0.5-5mm.Due to using sheet rubber as explosion-proof valve, without open up in addition liquid injection hole to Injection electrolyte and nitrogen, liquid injection hole and explosion-proof valve are integrated, simple in construction, cost is low, operation easy to process in battery Simply;In use, only need to inwardly inject electrolyte and nitrogen through sheet rubber with needle tubing, after extracting syringe needle, sheet rubber is utilized Enclosed elastic pin hole, reaches electrolyte and nitrogen does not leak, lithium battery normal work.The invention is applied to variously-shaped and not The lithium battery of stack pile.But lithium battery occur blast mainly due to short circuit, because overcharging or environment temperature is too high leads The reasons such as the radiating of cause is not smooth cause so-called " thermal runaway " problem, " thermal runaway " and then trigger inner pressure of battery to increase severely, so as to cause Blast, therefore prevent lithium battery blast from not only to drain internal pressure in time, it should also start with from temperature control link, many-side, which is taken, arranges The explosion-proof target of lithium battery could more effectively be reached by applying, and the invention is only laid particular emphasis on by passage and explosion-proof valve pressure release, and It is not to use more fully safeguard procedures, therefore it is relatively limited to produce effects.
The content of the invention
Lithium battery easily because short circuit, radiating is bad the problems such as cause blast on fire, and existing lithium battery is fire-proof and explosion-proof arranges Applying limitedly can only improve subproblem and be unable to comprehensively solve problem, and to overcome this defect, the invention provides a kind of pin The blast origin cause of formation on fire to lithium battery strengthens the lithium battery fireproof anti-explosion device of fire-proof and explosion-proof function.
The technical scheme is that:A kind of lithium battery with fireproof anti-explosion device, the lithium battery include battery core group, Battery core sheath and shell, battery core group are placed in battery core sheath, and battery core sheath is placed in shell, in the gap of battery core sheath and shell Filled with the endothermic reaction can occur and produce the fire extinguishing material of carbon dioxide, inner surface of outer cover is provided with heat insulation layer, battery core sheath with Damping fire proofing is filled with the gap of battery core group, shell is provided with dredging hole.The present apparatus is for lithium battery blast on fire Mechanism carries out dependent response formula work, i.e., by the rise of lithium battery electric core temperature, fire extinguishing material is reacted, on the one hand go out Absorbed heat during fiery material reaction, the heat absorption that lithium battery is generated, play and suppress temperature quickly elevated effect, inside digestion While heat energy, heat insulation layer can control the heat energy from outside batteries environment to input;On the other hand, material reaction of putting out a fire is utilized The carbon dioxide of generation progressively squeezes the oxygen of inside battery, eliminates the key element for supporting that battery core is burnt, and suppresses so as to reach The purpose of burning;Furthermore using put out a fire material absorbing and cooling temperature while by dredging hole by original air in shell and after Carbon dioxide to generate is discharged in time, keeps inner pressure of battery stable in a level of security;In addition, damping fire proofing can be with The external impact that battery carrier introduces by residing poor environment is slackened, the stabilization of battery core group is preferably kept, avoids because acutely Vibrations cause short circuit, while the fire resistance of damping fire proofing also contributes to prevent unexpected battery core group harm on fire from expanding Change.By above-mentioned measure, the present apparatus can effectively prevent lithium battery blast on fire, greatly improve lithium battery safety in utilization.Go out Fiery material can be a kind of composition, react generation carbon dioxide by selfdecomposition.
Preferably, the dredging hole is provided with relief valve, relief valve includes valve body and active valve block, screw thread on valve body opening Bonnet is connected with, bonnet central is provided with central through hole, and the valve pocket of up big and down small taper type is provided with valve body, and active valve block is also in Taper type is simultaneously adaptedly slideably positioned in valve pocket, a stage clip is provided between bonnet and active valve block, stage clip one end is hooked in activity On valve block, the other end is connected to bonnet bottom surface, and stage clip circle circle external diameter is more than central through hole diameter.In its natural state, moving valve Block is extruded by stage clip, is pressed in valve pocket, blocks valve pocket.When enclosure air pressure increases, active valve block is eventually because outer Pressure differential inside and outside shell and opened by outside top, release the closure to valve pocket so that the excessive pressure of enclosure is released, Ensure that inner pressure of battery is in safer level, reduce risk of explosion.Another aspect relief valve enters when being also battery assembling Enter the passage that leaks of a small amount of air of enclosure, under the exclusion for the carbon dioxide being continuously generated in shell, original air by Step is drained, and in the absence of oxygen, the battery core group of battery will not burn, so as to play fire-retardant fireproof effect.
Preferably, described fire extinguishing material is bicarbonate.Bicarbonate may occur from decomposition reaction when heated, generate Carbon dioxide, and this reaction is the endothermic reaction, meets the need of work of the present apparatus.It is fire extinguishing material from bicarbonate, Single material is only needed, is installed additional, storage is all more convenient in battery.
Preferably, the bicarbonate is sodium acid carbonate, saleratus, calcium bicarbonate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate or its mixture. These are all the common bicarbonates that is easy to get and will be thermally decomposed at slightly higher temperature.
Preferably, the adiabatic layer material is silica.Silica has preferable insulating refractory performance.
Preferably, the damping fire proofing is silica gel.Silica gel good fluidity, viscosity are low, have insulating properties, waterproof Humidity resistance, fire resistance and good physical and mechanical properties, operability is good, for inside battery battery core group damping fire-retardant ten Division is fitted.
Preferably, battery core sheath is made of ABS plastic.ABS plastic has good fire resistance, even in battery core group It effectively can also prevent the intensity of a fire from expanding when burning, contain the generation of more serious conditions.
As an alternative, battery core sheath is formed from aluminium.If the present apparatus will be produced effect using material of putting out a fire by thermal decomposition, Fire extinguishing material, which needs to be heated enough, to be decomposed, therefore battery core sheath should select the material of good heat conduction effect, so as to battery core group Caused heat fully exports and receives fire extinguishing material, the good heat conductivity of aluminium and relative to the material of other good heat conductivities Price is more cheap for material, and the density of aluminium is smaller, is made lighter after part, is advantageous to the overall lightweight of battery.
Preferably, shell is formed from aluminium.The density of aluminium is smaller, and manufactured shell is lighter relative to iron, metal etc., Be advantageous to the overall lightweight of battery.
Preferably, the dredging hole is located at cover top portion.The carbon dioxide density that the fire extinguishing material decomposes generation is big Atmospheric density under equal conditions, carbon dioxide are more easy to sink to shell inner bottom part, are pushed up so as to which original air is extruded into shell Portion, therefore the fast evacuation of original air is more conducive in cover top portion setting dredging hole, and the storage of newly-generated carbon dioxide is stayed, The anaerobic environment of inside battery is formed, the purpose of fire-retardant fireproof is better achieved.
The electric car of the lithium battery with fireproof anti-explosion device, electric car are provided with described lithium battery described in a kind of application Fireproof anti-explosion device.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
The security protection performance of lithium battery is greatly improved, reduces battery risk safe to use.The present apparatus uses in lithium battery During using it is heated when the endothermic reaction can occur and produce carbon dioxide fire extinguishing material as working media, battery is inhaled Heat and starvation, and inner pressure of battery can be regulated and controled in time, by using above comprehensive protecting method, can effectively prevent on fire, quick-fried The accident such as fried occurs, and substantially reduces the security risk that battery uses.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a kind of structural representation of relief valve in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a kind of structural representation of lithium battery in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a kind of confined state schematic diagram of lithium battery in the present invention.
In figure, 1- battery core groups, 2- battery core sheaths, 3- shells, 4- relief valves, 5- valve bodies, 6- active valve blocks, 7- bonnets, 8- Central through hole, 9- valve pockets, 10- stage clips, 11- bicarbonate powders, 12- heat insulation layers.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described for specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, a kind of electric car, a kind of lithium battery with fireproof anti-explosion device, institute are used The lithium battery stated includes battery core group 1, battery core sheath 2 and shell 3, and battery core group 1 is placed in battery core sheath 2, and battery core sheath 2 is placed in In shell 3, fire extinguishing material is used as filled with bicarbonate powder 11 in the gap of battery core sheath 2 and shell 3, is in the present embodiment Sodium acid carbonate, battery core sheath 2 are made up of ABS, and shell 3 is formed from aluminium, shell 3 be one closing approximate cuboid, by housing, on Lid, bottom composition, the top cover of shell 3 are provided with a dredging hole, relief valve 4 are provided with preferably on dredging hole.Relief valve 4 includes Valve body 5 and active valve block 6, bonnet 7 are threaded with 5 mouthfuls of valve body, the center of bonnet 7 is provided with central through hole 8, is provided with valve body 5 The valve pocket 9 of up big and down small taper type, active valve block 6 are also slideably positioned in taper type and adaptedly in valve pocket 9, active valve block 6 tapers are equal with the taper of valve pocket 9, a stage clip 10 are provided between bonnet 7 and active valve block 6, the one end of stage clip 10 is hooked in active valve block 6 On, the other end is connected to the bottom surface of bonnet 7, and the circle circle external diameter of stage clip 10 is more than the diameter of central through hole 8.Stage clip 10 is from suitable rule Lattice, when the air pressure inside of shell 3 reaches certain air pressure, the internal pressure of shell 3 suffered by active valve block 6 can overcome stage clip just 10 elastic force.It is filled with damping fire proofing in the gap of battery core sheath 2 and battery core group 1, the damping fire proofing in the present embodiment For silica gel.Heat insulation layer 12 can be formed with silica or asbestos, and the heat insulation layer 12 formed by silica or asbestos is arranged on Between the inner surface of shell 3 and fire extinguishing material, sodium acid carbonate is located between heat insulation layer 12 and battery core sheath 2.
Once lithium battery is in the course of the work because of the reason adstante febre such as short circuit, and temperature is gradually increasing in battery core sheath 2, and by In the barrier of heat insulation layer, heat energy is not easy to distribute, and the internal temperature of shell 3 and the air pressure inside of shell 3 also rise therewith, when temperature arrives Up to 50 DEG C, chemical reaction takes place in sodium acid carbonate, resolves into sodium carbonate, water and carbon dioxide, and the thermal decomposition of sodium acid carbonate is Individual endothermic process, heat energy is constantly consumed in thermal decomposition process, this can suppress the internal temperature rapid increase of shell 3.Generation Carbon dioxide is mixed into shell 3 after original air, and air pressure further increases in shell 3, when air pressure reaches two big in shell 3 During air pressure, active valve block 6 can be promoted by air pressure in shell 3, overcome the elastic force of stage clip 10 to rise, active valve block 6 depart from originally with , there is space in the adapting position of valve pocket 9 between active valve block 6 and the cavity wall of valve pocket 9, the air pressure inside of shell 3 can be via the space Leak, until air pressure is fallen back to below two atmospheric pressure in shell 3.Carbon dioxide constantly produces, and the inside of shell 3 is original few Amount air is gradually drained, and the oxygen inside such shell 3 is finally drained, and the internal voids of shell 3 are final all by dioxy Change carbon to occupy.The essential elements of battery core group burning is just lost without oxygen, inside shell 3, so as to reach fire-retardant fireproof Purpose, avoid that more serious security incident occurs.Can be provided only with dredging hole on the top cover of shell 3 in the present embodiment, Without setting relief valve, once lithium battery is in the course of the work because of the reason adstante febre such as short circuit, and temperature is gradually increasing in battery core sheath 2 During to certain temperature, battery core inner material produces reaction, and causes battery core internal pressure to become big, battery core rupture, is produced inside battery core The thermal source such as raw gas and particle internally in the presence of pressure, is sprayed outside housing by dredging hole, reduces enclosure interior Thermal source;The rising of the internal temperature of shell 3, sodium acid carbonate take place chemical reaction, resolve into sodium carbonate, water and titanium dioxide simultaneously Carbon, the thermal decomposition of sodium acid carbonate is an endothermic process, heat energy is constantly consumed in thermal decomposition process, this can suppress in shell 3 Portion's temperature rapid increase, caused carbon dioxide are mixed into shell 3 after original air, and air pressure further increases in shell 3, will Oxygen discharges housing 3 by dredging hole, and the inside of shell 3 is completely cut off with external oxygen, because carbon dioxide constantly produces, and it is outer The original a small amount of air in the inside of shell 3 is gradually drained, and the oxygen inside such shell 3 is finally drained, and the internal voids of shell 3 Finally all occupied by carbon dioxide, the essential elements of battery core group burning is just lost without oxygen, inside shell 3, so as to The purpose of fire-retardant fireproof is reached, has avoided that more serious security incident occurs.Further, since the generation of carbon dioxide, from dredging The thermal source that hole sprays adulterates carbon dioxide, has been greatly reduced the danger for spraying thermal source.In the present embodiment, as fire extinguishing material The bicarbonate of material can also be that saleratus, calcium bicarbonate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate etc. can carry out endothermic decomposition simultaneously in different temperature points Generate the bicarbonate of carbon dioxide, or the mixture of these bicarbonates.
Embodiment 2:
Battery core sheath 2 is formed from aluminium, and the damping fire proofing is flame-retardant AN-VDC copolymer fiber.Remaining is the same as embodiment 1.
The lithium battery with fireproof anti-explosion device of the present invention can be applied in such as electric bicycle, battery-operated motor cycle, electricity On the vehicles such as electrical automobile.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of lithium battery with fireproof anti-explosion device, the lithium battery includes battery core group(1), battery core sheath(2)And shell (3), battery core group(1)It is placed in battery core sheath(2)It is interior, battery core sheath(2)It is placed in shell(3)It is interior, it is characterized in that battery core sheath(2)With Shell(3)Gap in filled with the endothermic reaction can occur and produce the fire extinguishing material of carbon dioxide, shell(3)Inner surface is with going out Heat insulation layer, battery core sheath are provided between fiery material(2)With battery core group(1)Gap in be filled with damping fire proofing, shell(3) It is provided with dredging hole.
2. the lithium battery according to claim 1 with fireproof anti-explosion device, let out it is characterized in that the dredging hole is provided with Pressure valve(4), relief valve(4)Including valve body(5)And active valve block(6), valve body(5)Bonnet is threaded with mouthful(7), bonnet (7)Center is provided with central through hole(8), valve body(5)The interior valve pocket provided with up big and down small taper type(9), active valve block(6)Also it is in Taper type is simultaneously adaptedly slideably positioned in valve pocket(9)In, bonnet(7)With active valve block(6)Between be provided with a stage clip(10), stage clip (10)One end is hooked in active valve block(6)On, the other end is connected to bonnet(7)Bottom surface, stage clip(10)Circle circle external diameter is more than center Through hole(8)Diameter.
3. the lithium battery according to claim 1 with fireproof anti-explosion device, it is characterized in that the fire extinguishing material is carbonic acid Hydrogen salt.
4. the lithium battery according to claim 3 with fireproof anti-explosion device, it is characterized in that the bicarbonate is carbonic acid Hydrogen sodium, saleratus, calcium bicarbonate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate or its mixture.
5. the lithium battery according to claim 1 with fireproof anti-explosion device, it is characterized in that the adiabatic layer material is two Silica.
6. the lithium battery according to claim 1 with fireproof anti-explosion device, it is characterized in that the damping fire proofing is Silica gel.
7. according to the lithium battery with fireproof anti-explosion device described in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6, it is characterized in that battery core Sheath(2)It is made of ABS plastic.
8. according to the lithium battery with fireproof anti-explosion device described in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6, it is characterized in that battery core Sheath(2)It is formed from aluminium.
9. according to the lithium battery with fireproof anti-explosion device described in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6, it is characterized in that shell (3)It is formed from aluminium.
10. a kind of electric car, it is characterized in that, there is fireproof anti-explosion device using described in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 Lithium battery.
CN201410369483.2A 2014-07-30 2014-07-30 A kind of lithium battery with fireproof anti-explosion device and the electric car using the battery Active CN104218200B (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201410369483.2A CN104218200B (en) 2014-07-30 2014-07-30 A kind of lithium battery with fireproof anti-explosion device and the electric car using the battery
EP15827608.9A EP3176847B1 (en) 2014-07-30 2015-07-24 Lithium battery and electric vehicle using same
PCT/CN2015/085029 WO2016015603A1 (en) 2014-07-30 2015-07-24 Lithium battery and electric vehicle using same
US15/327,893 US10319970B2 (en) 2014-07-30 2015-07-24 Lithium-ion battery and electric vehicle utilizing the same

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CN201410369483.2A CN104218200B (en) 2014-07-30 2014-07-30 A kind of lithium battery with fireproof anti-explosion device and the electric car using the battery

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CN104600370B (en) * 2015-01-26 2017-02-22 潘珊 Group assembling method for lithium-ion drive batteries, and lithium-ion drive battery pack
CN105470412B (en) * 2015-02-16 2017-12-12 万向一二三股份公司 Flame-proof explosion-proof battery
CN105470432B (en) * 2015-02-16 2017-12-12 万向一二三股份公司 The anti-fuel cell of pin prick test
CN106654085A (en) * 2016-08-31 2017-05-10 广东新凌嘉新能源股份有限公司 Explosion-proof, thermal-insulation and flame-retardant battery, battery pack and application method of explosion-proof, thermal-insulation and flame-retardant battery
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CN113332637A (en) * 2020-02-17 2021-09-03 新盛力科技股份有限公司 Fireproof cover applied to battery
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