CN104211683B - 咪唑二酮类化合物及其用途 - Google Patents
咪唑二酮类化合物及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104211683B CN104211683B CN201410229381.0A CN201410229381A CN104211683B CN 104211683 B CN104211683 B CN 104211683B CN 201410229381 A CN201410229381 A CN 201410229381A CN 104211683 B CN104211683 B CN 104211683B
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Abstract
本发明涉及一类咪唑二酮类化合物及其制备方法和用途。本发明化合物,具有良好的药代动力学和/或药效学性能,因此可作为雄性激素受体拮抗剂,进而可适用于制备治疗雄性激素相关疾病(如癌症等)的药物。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药领域,具体地,涉及咪唑二酮类化合物及其用途,更具体地是,涉及咪唑二酮类化合物及其作为雄性激素受体拮抗剂或用于治疗和预防与雄性激素受体相关疾病。
背景技术
前列腺癌(prostatic carcinoma,prostatic cancer,英文简写为PCa)是男性生殖系最常见的恶性肿瘤,发病随年龄而增长,其发病率有明显的地区差异,欧美地区较高。仅次于肺癌,是男性癌症死亡的第二位。以往,在我国肿瘤谱中属于小病种而未受到足够重视,随着我国社会发展进步的同时,社会老龄化,人口城市化,膳食结构西方化与检测技术进步,我国前列腺癌发病率呈明显上升势头。据联合国世界卫生组织(WHO)报道,2012年前列腺癌在所有癌症病人中是第四位最常见的癌症,而在男性癌症中位居第二位。2012年全世界110万人被诊断为前列腺癌,并有30.7万人死亡。而中国的前列腺癌发病率逐年骤增,国家癌症中心和卫生计生委疾病控制局2014年1月在“中国肿瘤”杂志发表的“中国2010年恶性肿瘤发病与死亡”研究报告中指出:前列腺癌已经是中国城镇男性人口癌症发病率第七位、死亡率第八位的恶性肿瘤。“2013年肿瘤登记工作总结”中的统计数据显示:前列腺癌中国男性人口癌症发病率第七位、死亡率第十位的恶性肿瘤。
雄性激素(androgen receptor)是一个11万道尔顿分子量的配体依赖性的反式转录调节蛋白。雄性激素在前列腺癌的病原和它的恶化过程中,在男性荷尔蒙相关的疾病如青春痘,男性脱发等等扮演非常重要的作用。
传统治疗前列腺癌方法是通过手术或者雄性激素(androgen receptor)拮抗剂如比卡鲁胺(bicalutamide,Casodex)进行治疗。但是患者在经过2-4年治疗后,会产生抗药性,同时比卡鲁胺还有刺激癌症增生的副作用,患者必须停止使用比卡鲁胺。最近研究发现,比卡鲁胺具有激活雄性激素受体的作用(agonist),从而刺激癌症增生。
因此,本领域仍需要开发可治疗前列腺癌的新化合物。
发明内容
本发明的目是提供一类具有雄性激素受体拮抗作用的新型化合物及其制备方法和用途。
本发明提供了如式(I)所示的咪唑二酮类化合物、或其晶型、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂合物,
其中,
R1和R2是各自独立选自于氢、氘、C1-C4烷基或部分或全氘代的C1-C4烷基,R1和R2不同时为氢;
R3是氢、氘、或卤素;
R4、R5、R6、R9、R11是氢、氘、或卤素;
R7和R8是各自独立选自于C1-C4烷基或部分或全氘代的C1-C4烷基、或者R7和R8与其相连的C共同形成C3-C6环烷基或者部分或全氘代的C3-C6环烷基;
R10选自C1-C4烷基、部分或全氘代的C1-C4烷基、或者部分或全部卤素取代的C1-C4烷基;
X是S或者O。
其中,R1和R2中至少一个为C1-C4烷基或部分或全氘代的C1-C4烷基。
进一步地,当R1为氢时,R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10、R11中至少一个是氘代的烷基或氘。
进一步地,当R1和R2都为甲基时,R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10、R11中任一基团是氘或氘代的烷基,或者是氢或非氘代的烷基;
或者,R7和R8与其相连的C共同形成C4-C6环烷基或者部分或全氘代的C4-C6环烷基。
更进一步地,R1为H;R6为卤素;R7和R8与其相连的C共同形成C4-C6环烷基或者部分或全氘代的C4-C6环烷基;R10选自全部卤素取代的C1-C4烷基。
其中,所述卤素为F。进一步地,所述C1-C4烷基选自甲基或乙基。
更进一步地,所述C1-C4烷基选自甲基;所述部分或全氘代的C1-C4烷基选自一氘甲基、二氘甲基或三氘甲基。
优选地,所述化合物为如下化合物之一:
本发明优选使用化合物14,17,27,更优选使用化合物14。
本发明还提供了上述式(I)化合物的制备方法,它包括步骤:
(1)于酸性溶剂中,在氰化物存在下,将化合物5a和R7C(O)R8反应,从而形成化合物6a,
其中,所述氰化物为TMSCN、氰化纳或氰化钾;
(2)于非质子溶剂中,在酸性条件下,将化合物2a和化合物6a反应,从而形成式(I)化合物,
其中,步骤(1)中,酸性溶剂为甲酸、乙酸、质量浓度为1-5%的盐酸水溶液、或质量浓度为1-5%的硫酸水溶液。
步骤(2)中,非质子溶剂溶剂为二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、或CH3CN。
步骤(2)中,酸性条件是指在盐酸或硫酸存在的条件下。
进一步地,化合物5a可通过如下步骤制备得到:
(1-1)于惰性溶剂中,将化合物3a与NHR1R2反应,从而形成化合物4a;
(1-2)于惰性溶剂中,将化合物4a还原为化合物5a,
更进一步地,还原试剂为铁粉、锌粉、或其组合;所述惰性溶剂是指不与反应中其它物质发生反应的溶剂,本发明中可以选择二氯甲烷,乙酸乙酯,四氢呋喃,三氯甲烷,或乙腈。
进一步地,上述化合物2a的制备方法如下:
用式7化合物与式8化合物反应,生成式2a化合物;
式8化合物为光气或硫光气。
本发明还提供了上述咪唑二酮类化合物、或其晶型、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂合物在制备雄性激素受体拮抗剂中的用途。
本发明还提供了上述咪唑二酮类化合物、或其晶型、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂合物在制备治疗脱发、再生发、暗疮、青春痘、或前列腺癌的药物中的用途。
本发明还提供了一种药物组合物,它是以上述的咪唑二酮类化合物、或其晶型、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂合物为活性成分,加上药学上可接受辅料或或/和辅助性成分制备而成的制剂。
定义
如本文所用,“卤素”指F、Cl、Br、或I。更佳地,卤原子选自F、Cl和Br。
如本文所用,“烷基”包括直链或支链的烷基。优选的烷基是C1-C4烷基,例如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、叔丁基等。
如本文所用,“氘代”指化合物或基团中的一个或多个氢被氘所取代。氘代可以是一取代、二取代、多取代或全取代。在另一优选例中,氘在氘取代位置的氘同位素含量是大于天然氘同位素含量(0.015%),更佳地大于50%,更佳地大于75%,更佳地大于95%,更佳地大于97%,更佳地大于99%,更佳地大于99.5%。
活性成分
如本文所用,术语“本发明化合物”指式(I)所示的化合物。该术语还包括及式(I)化合物的各种晶型形式、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂合物。
如本文所用,术语“药学上可接受的盐”指本发明化合物与酸或碱所形成的适合用作药物的盐。药学上可接受的盐包括无机盐和有机盐。一类优选的盐是本发明化合物与酸形成的盐。适合形成盐的酸包括但并不限于:盐酸、氢溴酸、氢氟酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸等无机酸,甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、富马酸、马来酸、乳酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、苦味酸、甲磺酸、苯甲磺酸,苯磺酸等有机酸;以及天冬氨酸、谷氨酸等酸性氨基酸。
辅助性成分
所述药学上可接受的辅助性成分,它具有一定生理活性,但该成分的加入不会改变上述药物组合物在疾病治疗过程中的主导地位,而仅仅发挥辅助功效,这些辅助功效仅仅是对该成分已知活性的利用,是医药领域惯用的辅助治疗方式。若将上述辅助性成分与本发明药物组合物配合使用,仍然应属于本发明保护的范围。
药物组合物和施用方法
由于本发明化合物具有优异的雄性激素受体拮抗作用,因此本发明化合物及其各种晶型,药学上可接受的无机或有机盐,水合物或溶剂合物,以及含有本发明化合物为主要活性成分的药物组合物可用于治疗、预防以及缓解由雄性激素介导的疾病。根据现有技术,本发明化合物可用于治疗以下疾病:脱发,再生发,暗疮、青春痘、前列腺癌等等。
本发明的药物组合物包含安全有效量范围内的本发明化合物或其药理上可接受的盐及药理上可以接受的赋形剂或载体。其中“安全有效量”指的是:化合物的量足以明显改善病情,而不至于产生严重的副作用。通常,药物组合物含有1-2000mg本发明化合物/剂,更佳地,含有10-200mg本发明化合物/剂。较佳地,所述的“一剂”为一个胶囊或药片。
“药学上可以接受的载体”指的是:一种或多种相容性固体或液体填料或凝胶物质,它们适合于人使用,而且必须有足够的纯度和足够低的毒性。“相容性”在此指的是组合物中各组份能和本发明的化合物以及它们之间相互掺和,而不明显降低化合物的药效。药学上可以接受的载体部分例子有纤维素及其衍生物(如羧甲基纤维素钠、乙基纤维素钠、纤维素乙酸酯等)、明胶、滑石、固体润滑剂(如硬脂酸、硬脂酸镁)、硫酸钙、植物油(如豆油、芝麻油、花生油、橄榄油等)、多元醇(如丙二醇、甘油、甘露醇、山梨醇等)、乳化剂(如吐温)、润湿剂(如十二烷基硫酸钠)、着色剂、调味剂、稳定剂、抗氧化剂、防腐剂、无热原水等。
本发明化合物或药物组合物的施用方式没有特别限制,代表性的施用方式包括(但并不限于):口服、肠胃外(静脉内、肌肉内或皮下)、和局部给药。
用于口服给药的固体剂型包括胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂、散剂和颗粒剂。在这些固体剂型中,活性化合物与至少一种常规惰性赋形剂(或载体)混合,如柠檬酸钠或磷酸二钙,或与下述成分混合:(a)填料或增容剂,例如,淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇和硅酸;(b)粘合剂,例如,羟甲基纤维素、藻酸盐、明胶、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、蔗糖和阿拉伯胶;(c)保湿剂,例如,甘油;(d)崩解剂,例如,琼脂、碳酸钙、马铃薯淀粉或木薯淀粉、藻酸、某些复合硅酸盐、和碳酸钠;(e)缓溶剂,例如石蜡;(f)吸收加速剂,例如,季胺化合物;(g)润湿剂,例如鲸蜡醇和单硬脂酸甘油酯;(h)吸附剂,例如,高岭土;和(i)润滑剂,例如,滑石、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、固体聚乙二醇、十二烷基硫酸钠,或其混合物。胶囊剂、片剂和丸剂中,剂型也可包含缓冲剂。
固体剂型如片剂、糖丸、胶囊剂、丸剂和颗粒剂可采用包衣和壳材制备,如肠衣和其它本领域公知的材料。它们可包含不透明剂,并且,这种组合物中活性化合物或化合物的释放可以延迟的方式在消化道内的某一部分中释放。可采用的包埋组分的实例是聚合物质和蜡类物质。必要时,活性化合物也可与上述赋形剂中的一种或多种形成微胶囊形式。
用于口服给药的液体剂型包括药学上可接受的乳液、溶液、悬浮液、糖浆或酊剂。除了活性化合物外,液体剂型可包含本领域中常规采用的惰性稀释剂,如水或其它溶剂,增溶剂和乳化剂,例知,乙醇、异丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、二甲基甲酰胺以及油,特别是棉籽油、花生油、玉米胚油、橄榄油、蓖麻油和芝麻油或这些物质的混合物等。
除了这些惰性稀释剂外,组合物也可包含助剂,如润湿剂、乳化剂和悬浮剂、甜味剂、矫味剂和香料。
除了活性化合物外,悬浮液可包含悬浮剂,例如,乙氧基化异十八烷醇、聚氧乙烯山梨醇和脱水山梨醇酯、微晶纤维素、甲醇铝和琼脂或这些物质的混合物等。
用于肠胃外注射的组合物可包含生理上可接受的无菌含水或无水溶液、分散液、悬浮液或乳液,和用于重新溶解成无菌的可注射溶液或分散液的无菌粉末。适宜的含水和非水载体、稀释剂、溶剂或赋形剂包括水、乙醇、多元醇及其适宜的混合物。
用于局部给药的本发明化合物的剂型包括软膏剂、散剂、贴剂、喷射剂和吸入剂。活性成分在无菌条件下与生理上可接受的载体及任何防腐剂、缓冲剂,或必要时可能需要的推进剂一起混合。
本发明化合物可以单独给药,或者与其他药学上可接受的化合物联合给药,例如与多西他赛、奥沙利铂等药物的联合用药。
使用药物组合物时,是将安全有效量的本发明化合物适用于需要治疗的哺乳动物(如人),其中施用时剂量为药学上认为的有效给药剂量,对于60kg体重的人而言,日给药剂量通常为1~2000mg,优选10~500mg。当然,具体剂量还应考虑给药途径、病人健康状况等因素,这些都是熟练医师技能范围之内的。
制备方法
下面更具体地描述本发明式(I)结构化合物的制备方法,但这些具体方法不对本发明构成任何限制。本发明化合物还可以任选将在本说明书中描述的或本领域已知的各种合成方法组合起来而方便的制得,这样的组合可由本发明所属领域的技术人员容易的进行。
本发明式(I)化合物可按如下合成通式进行制备。通常,在制备流程中,各反应通常在溶剂中,在室温至回流温度(如0℃~120℃,优选0℃~80℃)下进行。反应时间通常为0.1小时-60小时,较佳地为0.5-48小时。
对应氘代的化合物的制备可以用相应的氘代起始化合物或者相应氘代试剂为原料,用同样的路线合成。如氘代甲胺,氘代丙酮。而在苯环上的氘代原料可以通过如下方法或者文献方法而合成(Org Letter,2008,4351-4353)。
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。除非另外说明,否则份数和百分比为重量份和重量百分比。
所述“reflux”是指回流,“M.W.”为微波,“Con HCl”表示浓盐酸。
本发明中,是采用氘代形式对原化合物结构进行修饰的。在1975年发表的氘代药物研究综述中(Studies with deuterated drugs,Journal of PharmaceuticalSciences,1975,64(3):367-391),指出氘代后的药物半衰期或活性变化具有不可预知性。然而,本发明实验却意外地发现,所得氘代化合物的药代动学性质和药效活性明显优于原化合物,取得了预料不到的技术效果,更适合作为雄性激素受体拮抗剂以及制备治疗雄性激素相关疾病(如脱发、再生发、前列腺癌、青春痘等)的药物。
应理解,在本发明范围内中,本发明的上述各技术特征和在下文(如实施例)中具体描述的各技术特征之间都可以互相组合,从而构成新的或优选的技术方案。限于篇幅,在此不再一一累述。
具体实施方式
实施例1 4-[7-(6-氰基-5-三氟甲基-3-吡啶基)-8-氧代-6-硫代-5,7-二氮杂螺[3,4]-5-辛基]-2-氟-N-甲基-苯甲酰胺(化合物10)的合成
5-硝基-3-三氟甲基-2-羟基吡啶(中间体2)的合成
在冰浴下,把2-羟基-3-三氟甲基吡啶(25g,0.15mol)加入冷的浓硫酸(150ml)中,然后滴加浓硝酸(58ml)到反应体系。反应体系升温至室温,室温下搅拌4h,将反应混合物倾倒入1升的冰中,搅拌至冰块融化,抽滤得到白色固体,清水洗涤固体两次,红外灯烘干,得到化合物2(16.97g)。滤液用10M的氢氧化钠调至弱酸性,200ml乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩溶剂,残留物通过柱层析纯化(流动相,DCM)得到化合物2(6.81g),总收率74.5%。
5-硝基-3-三氟甲基-2-溴-吡啶(中间体3)的合成
向化合物2(2.5g,12mmol)和POBr3(10g,34.8mmol)的混合物中加入0.5mlDMF,将上述混合物加热至110℃,反应4h,将反应混合物倾倒入100g冰中,pH调至中性,乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩溶剂,残留物通过柱层析纯化(流动相,PE)得到化合物3(3.2g),收率98%。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ(ppm)9.09(1H,d,J=2.8Hz),8.60(1H,d,J=2.8Hz)。
5-硝基-3-三氟甲基-2-氰基吡啶(中间体4)的合成
将化合物3(2.55g,9.4mmol)溶于DMF(10ml),加热到100℃,加入CuCN(1.01g,11.2mmol),反应混合物升温到110℃,反应4h。加入冰水100ml,,乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩溶剂,残留物通过柱层析纯化得到化合物4(1.15g),收率52.5%。
5-氨基-3-三氟甲基-2-氰基吡啶(中间体5)的合成
将化合物4(1.15g,4.9mmol)溶解在乙酸乙酯和乙酸(20ml+4ml)的溶液中。加入890mg铁粉回流过夜(16h),冷却至室温。过滤固体,用乙酸乙酯洗涤固体3次(3×10ml),合并有机相,盐水洗涤,硫酸钠干燥,浓缩得到棕色固体,柱色谱纯化(DCM:MeOH=50:1),得到浅棕色固体,化合物5(540mg),收率54.5%。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ(ppm)8.23(1H,d,J=2.8Hz),7.20(1H,d,J=2.8Hz),4.51(2H,br)。
2-氟-N-甲基-4-硝基-苯甲酰胺(中间体7)的合成
向2-氟-N-甲基-4-硝基-苯甲酸(25g,135.06mml)的二氯甲烷溶液(200ml)加入CDI(32.8g,202.28mmol),反应混合物室温下搅拌一小时。向甲胺盐酸盐(10.94g,162.12mmol)的二氯甲烷溶液(50ml)加入三乙胺(20.47g,202.29mmol),得到白色悬浊液,室温下搅拌半小时后,把该悬浊液慢慢加入反应混合物中,该混合物再搅拌一小时后,加水(100ml)终止反应,分离有机相,然后用二氯甲烷萃取水相两次(2×50ml),合并有机相,分别用1M盐酸(2×50ml)和1M氢氧化钠水溶液(2×50ml)洗涤两次,饱和食盐水洗涤一次(100ml),干燥(Na2SO4),过滤,减压浓缩得到白色固体7(中间体7,14.61g,55%收率)。质谱:199.2(M+H+)。
2-氟-N-甲基-4-氨基-苯甲酰胺(中间体8)的合成
将化合物7(14.6g,73.7mmol)溶解在乙酸乙酯和乙酸(50ml+50ml)的溶液中。加入39g铁粉回流过夜(16h),冷却至室温。过滤固体,用乙酸乙酯洗涤固体3次(3×50ml),合并有机相,盐水洗涤,硫酸钠干燥,浓缩得到黄色固体,柱色谱纯化(DCM:MeOH=50:1),得到浅黄色固体,化合物8(7.62g,61.5%收率)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ(ppm)7.92(1H,m),6.60(1H,s),6.49(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),6.32(1H,d,J=14Hz),4.10(2H,s),2.99(3H,s)。
4-(1-氰基-环丁胺基)-2-氟-N-甲基-苯甲酰胺(中间体9)的合成
将TMSCN(1.77g,17.84mmol),环丁酮(0.89ml,11.89mmol),化合物8(1g,5.95mmol)溶解在乙酸(10ml)中,80℃下反应过夜(16h)。冷却至室温,加入水(10ml),用乙酸乙酯萃取,盐水洗涤,硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,用石油醚(10ml)洗涤所得固体,过滤抽干得到棕色固体化合物9(1.32g,90%收率)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ(ppm)7.99(1H,m),6.70(1H,s),6.49(1H,d,J=8.8Hz),6.30(1H,d,J=14.4Hz)4.62(1H,s),3.01(3H,d,J=4.8Hz),2.84(2H,m),2.40(2H,m),2.27(1H,m),2.20(1H,m)。
4-[7-(6-氰基-5-三氟甲基-3-吡啶基)-8-氧代-6-硫代-5,7-二氮杂螺[3,4]-5-辛基]-2-氟-N-甲基-苯甲酰胺(化合物10)的合成
将硫代光气(32mg,0.26mmol)滴加到化合物9(66mg,0.26mmol)和化合物5(50mg,0.26mmol)的DMA(10ml)溶液中,加热至60℃,过夜(16h)。加入甲醇(10ml),水(10ml)和浓盐酸(2ml)加热回流1h。乙酸乙酯萃取,盐水洗涤,硫酸钠干燥,浓缩。柱色谱纯化(PE:EA/1:1)得到棕色固体,再通过制备色谱得到白色固体化合物10(51.3mg),收率40.4%。1H NMR(CD3OD,400MHz):δ(ppm)9.17(1H,d,J=2.0Hz),8.65(1H,d,J=2.0Hz),7.95(1H,m),7.41(2H,m),2.98(3H,s),2.73(2H,m),2.60(2H,m),2.16(1H,m),1.67(1H,m)。质谱:478.1(M+H+)。
实施例2 4-[7-(6-氰基-5-三氟甲基-3-吡啶基)-8-氧代-6-硫代-5,7-二氮杂螺[3,4]-5-辛基]-2-氟-N-三氘代甲基-苯甲酰胺(化合物14)的合成
氟-N-三氘代甲基-4-硝基-苯甲酰胺(中间体11)的合成
向化合物6(5.25g,28.37mml)的二氯甲烷溶液(20ml)加入CDI(4.62g,28.37mmol),反应混合物室温下搅拌一小时。向三氘代甲胺盐酸盐(2g,28.76mmol)的二氯甲烷溶液(20ml)加入三乙胺(3.27g,32.36mmol),得到白色悬浊液,室温下搅拌半小时后,把该悬浊液慢慢加入反应混合物中,该混合物再搅拌一小时后,加水(10ml)终止反应,分离有机相,然后用二氯甲烷萃取水相两次(2×20ml),合并有机相,分别用1M盐酸(2×10ml)和1M氢氧化钠水溶液(2×10ml)洗涤两次,饱和食盐水洗涤一次(10ml),干燥(Na2SO4),过滤,减压浓缩得到白色固体11(中间体11,5.1g,88.2%收率)。质谱:202.1(M+H+)
2-氟-N-三氘代甲基-4-氨基-苯甲酰胺(中间体12)的合成
将化合物11(5.1g,25.37mmol)溶解在乙酸乙酯和乙酸(15ml+15ml)的溶液中。加入15g铁粉回流过夜(16h),冷却至室温。过滤固体,用乙酸乙酯洗涤固体3次(3×20ml),合并有机相,盐水洗涤,硫酸钠干燥,浓缩得到黄色固体,柱色谱纯化(DCM:MeOH=50:1),得到浅黄色固体,化合物12(2.22g,51.2%收率)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ(ppm)7.92(1H,m,),6.59(1H,s),6.49(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),6.32(1H,d,J=14.4Hz),4.10(2H,s)。
4-(1-氰基-环丁胺基)-2-氟-N-三氘代甲基-苯甲酰胺(中间体13)的合成
将TMSCN(1.77g,17.54mmol),环丁酮(0.89ml,11.88mmol),化合物12(1g,5.95mmol)溶解在乙酸(10ml)中,80℃下反应过夜(16h)。冷却至室温,加入水(10ml),用乙酸乙酯萃取,盐水洗涤,硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,用石油醚(10ml)洗涤所得固体,过滤抽干得到棕色固体化合物13(1.31g,90%收率)。1H NMR(DMSO,400MHz):δ(ppm)7.79(1H,s),7.56(1H,m),7.36(1H,s),6.46(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),6.31(1H,d,J=13.6Hz),2.76(2H,m),2.36(2H,m),2.07(2H,m)。质谱:251.1(M+H+)。
4-[7-(6-氰基-5-三氟甲基-3-吡啶基)-8-氧代-6-硫代-5,7-二氮杂螺[3,4]-5-辛基]-2-氟-N-三氘代甲基-苯甲酰胺(化合物14)的合成
将硫代光气(32mg,0.26mmol)滴加到化合物13(68mg,0.26mmol)和化合物5(50mg,0.26mmol)的DMA(10ml)溶液中,加热至60℃,过夜(16h)。加入甲醇(10ml),水(10ml)和浓盐酸(2ml)加热回流1h。乙酸乙酯萃取,盐水洗涤,硫酸钠干燥,浓缩。柱色谱纯化(PE:EA/1:1)得到棕色固体,再通过制备色谱得到白色固体化合物14(52.3mg),收率43.6%。1H NMR(CD3OD,400MHz):δ(ppm)9.17(1H,d,J=2.0Hz),8.65(1H,d,J=2.0Hz),7.95(1H,m),7.41(2H,m),2.73(2H,m),2.60(2H,m),2.16(1H,m),1.67(1H,m)。质谱:481.2(M+H+)。
实施例3 4-[7-(6-氰基-5-三氟甲基-3-吡啶基)-8-氧代-6-硫代-5,7-二氮杂螺[3,4]-5-辛基]-3,5-二氘代-2-氟-N-甲基-苯甲酰胺(化合物17)的合成
3,5-二氘代-4-氨基-2-氟-N-甲基苯甲酰胺(中间体15)的合成
向化合物8(1g,6.0mmol)在重水(10ml)中形成的悬浊液中加入浓盐酸(0.5ml,6.0mmol),即形成化合物5的盐酸盐的重水溶液。将上述混合物利用微波加热至125℃,反应30min,功率75W。然后将反应溶液用1M的NaOH水溶液调至碱性,即有白色固体析出,抽滤,用水洗涤固体(20ml×3),烘干,得到白色固体化合物15(0.8g,79.0%收率)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ(ppm)7.92(1H,d,J=8.8Hz),6.62(1H,s),4.10(2H,s),2.99(3H,s)。
4-(1-氰基-环丁胺基)-3,5-二氘代-2-氟-N-甲基-苯甲酰胺(中间体16)的合成
将TMSCN(1.77g,17.54mmol),环丁酮(0.89ml,11.88mmol),化合物15(1g,5.95mmol)溶解在乙酸(10ml)中,80℃下反应过夜(16h)。冷却至室温,加入水(10ml),用乙酸乙酯萃取,盐水洗涤,硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,用石油醚(10ml)洗涤所得固体,过滤抽干得到棕色固体化合物16(1.31g,90%收率)。1H NMR(DMSO,400MHz):δ(ppm)7.79(1H,s),7.56(1H,d,J=8.8Hz),7.36(1H,s),2.76(2H,m),2.36(2H,m),2.07(2H,m)。质谱:250.1(M+H+)。
4-[7-(6-氰基-5-三氟甲基-3-吡啶基)-8-氧代-6-硫代-5,7-二氮杂螺[3,4]-5-辛基]-3,5-二氘代-2-氟-N-甲基-苯甲酰胺(化合物17)的合成
将硫代光气(32mg,0.26mmol)滴加到化合物16(68mg,0.26mmol)和化合物5(50mg,0.26mmol)的DMA(10ml)溶液中,加热至60℃,过夜(16h)。加入甲醇(10ml),水(10ml)和浓盐酸(2ml)加热回流1h。乙酸乙酯萃取,盐水洗涤,硫酸钠干燥,浓缩。柱色谱纯化(PE:EA/1:1)得到棕色固体,再通过制备色谱得到白色固体化合物17(38.4mg),收率32%。1H NMR(CD3OD,400MHz):δ(ppm)9.17(1H,d,J=2.0Hz),8.65(1H,d,J=2.0Hz),7.96(1H,d,J=8.0Hz),2.98(3H,s),2.73(2H,m),2.60(2H,m),2.16(1H,m),1.67(1H,m)。质谱:480.1(M+H+)。
实施例4 4-[7-(6-氰基-5-三氟甲基-3-吡啶基)-8-氧代-6-硫代-5,7-二氮杂螺[3,4]-5-辛基]-3,5-二氘代-2-氟-N-三氘代甲基-苯甲酰胺(化合物20)的合成
3,5-二氘代-4-氨基-2-氟-N-三氘代甲基苯甲酰胺(中间体18)的合成
向化合物12(1g,6.0mmol)在重水(10ml)中形成的悬浊液中加入浓盐酸(0.5ml,6.0mmol),即形成化合物12的盐酸盐的重水溶液。将上述混合物利用微波加热至125℃,反应30min,功率75W。然后将反应溶液用1M的NaOH水溶液调至碱性,即有白色固体析出,抽滤,用水洗涤固体(20ml×3),烘干,得到白色固体化合物18(0.8g,79.0%收率)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ(ppm)7.92(1H,d,J=8.8Hz),6.62(1H,s),4.10(2H,s)。
4-(1-氰基-环丁胺基)-3,5-二氘代-2-氟-N-三氘代甲基-苯甲酰胺(中间体19)的合成
将TMSCN(1.77g,17.54mmol),环丁酮(0.89ml,11.88mmol),化合物18(1g,5.95mmol)溶解在乙酸(10ml)中,80℃下反应过夜(16h)。冷却至室温,加入水(10ml),用乙酸乙酯萃取,盐水洗涤,硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,用石油醚(10ml)洗涤所得固体,过滤抽干得到棕色固体化合物19(1.31g,90%收率)。1H NMR(DMSO,400MHz):δ(ppm)7.79(1H,s),7.56(1H,d,J=8.8Hz),7.36(1H,s),2.76(2H,m),2.36(2H,m),2.07(2H,m)。质谱:253.1(M+H+)。
4-[7-(6-氰基-5-三氟甲基-3-吡啶基)-8-氧代-6-硫代-5,7-二氮杂螺[3,4]-5-辛基]-3,5-二氘代-2-氟-N-三氘代甲基-苯甲酰胺(化合物20)的合成
将硫代光气(32mg,0.26mmol)滴加到化合物19(68mg,0.26mmol)和化合物5(50mg,0.26mmol)的DMA(10ml)溶液中,加热至60℃,过夜(16h)。加入甲醇(10ml),水(10ml)和浓盐酸(2ml)加热回流1h。乙酸乙酯萃取,盐水洗涤,硫酸钠干燥,浓缩。柱色谱纯化(PE:EA/1:1)得到棕色固体,再通过制备色谱得到白色固体化合物20(48mg),收率40%。1H NMR(CD3OD,400MHz):δ(ppm)9.17(1H,d,J=2.0Hz),8.65(1H,d,J=2.0Hz),7.95(1H,d,J=8.0Hz),2.73(2H,m),2.60(2H,m),2.16(1H,m),1.67(1H,m)。质谱:483.3(M+H+)。
实施例5 4-[1,1,3,3-四氘代-7-(6-氰基-5-三氟甲基-3-吡啶基)-8-氧代-6-硫代-5,7-二氮杂螺[3,4]-5-辛基]-2-氟-N-三氘代甲基-苯甲酰胺(化合物23)的合成
2,2,4,4-四氘代环丁酮(中间体21)的合成
把环丁酮(2g,28.6mmole)加入1,4-二氧六环和重水(30ml+10ml)的混合溶剂中,再加入碳酸钾(10g,72.5mmole),封管中加热到75℃,反应24h,冷却至室温后,分出上层有机相直接用于下一步反应。
4-((2,2,4,4-四氘代-1-氰基环丁基)氨基)-2-氟-N-甲基苯甲酰胺(中间体22)的合成
向上一步所得的化合物21(溶于1,4-二氧六环)(5ml)加入化合物8(70mg,0.42mmole)和TMSCN(0.5ml),加入到80℃,过夜。减压除去溶剂,残留物通过柱层析纯化得到白色固体化合物22(54mg),产率52%。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ(ppm)8.00(1H,m),6.62(1H,br),6.49(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),6.30(1H,d,J=14Hz),4.51(1H,br),3.01(3H,s),2.23(1H,d,J=12Hz),2.16(1H,d,J=12Hz)。
4-[1,1,3,3-四氘代-7-(6-氰基-5-三氟甲基-3-吡啶基)-8-氧代-6-硫代-5,7-二氮杂螺[3,4]-5-辛基]-2-氟-N-三氘代甲基-苯甲酰胺(化合物23)的合成
将硫代光气(25.6mg,0.21mmol)滴加到化合物22(54mg,0.21mmol)和化合物5(37mg,0.21mmol)的DMA(10ml)溶液中,加热至60℃,过夜(16h)。加入甲醇(10ml),水(10ml)和浓盐酸(2ml)加热回流1h。乙酸乙酯萃取,盐水洗涤,硫酸钠干燥,浓缩。柱色谱纯化(PE:EA/1:1)得到棕色固体,再通过制备色谱得到白色固体化合物23(40mg),收率39.6%。1HNMR(CD3OD,400MHz):δ(ppm)9.17(1H,d,J=1.6Hz),8.65(1H,d,J=1.6Hz),7.95(1H,m),7.41(2H,m),2.98(3H,s),2.13(1H,m),1.64(1H,m)。质谱:482.2(M+H+)。
实施例6 4-[7-(6-氰基-5-三氟甲基-3-吡啶基)-5,5-二甲基-4-氧代-2-硫代咪唑基-2-氟-N-甲基苯甲酰胺(化合物25)的合成
4-(2-氰基-2-丙胺基)-2-氟-N-甲基苯甲酰胺(中间体24)的合成
将TMSCN(5g,50.4mmol)和化合物8(2g,11.9mmol)溶解在乙酸(10ml)和丙酮(10ml)的混合溶剂中,80℃下,封管中反应过夜(16h)。冷却至室温,减压蒸去丙酮,加入水(20ml),用乙酸乙酯萃取,盐水洗涤,硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,用石油醚(10ml)洗涤所得固体,过滤抽干得到白色固体化合物24(2.6g,91.5%收率)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ(ppm)7.97(1H,m),6.65(1H,s),6.62(1H,d,J=5.2Hz),6.59(1H,d,J=14.8Hz),4.40(1H,s),3.01(3H,d,J=4Hz),1.76(6H,s)。
4-[7-(6-氰基-5-三氟甲基-3-吡啶基)-5,5-二甲基-4-氧代-2-硫代咪唑基-2-氟-N-甲基苯甲酰胺(化合物25)的合成
将硫代光气(32mg,0.26mmol)滴加到化合物24(68mg,0.26mmol)和化合物5(50mg,0.26mmol)的DMA(10ml)溶液中,加热至60℃,过夜(16h)。加入甲醇(10ml),水(10ml)和浓盐酸(2ml)加热回流1h。乙酸乙酯萃取,盐水洗涤,硫酸钠干燥,浓缩。柱色谱纯化(PE:EA/1:1)得到棕色固体,再通过制备色谱得到白色固体化合物25(48mg),收率40%。1H NMR(CD3OD,400MHz):δ(ppm)9.19(1H,d,J=1.6Hz),8.70(1H,d,J=1.6Hz),7.91(1H,m),7.40(2H,m),2.97(3H,s),1.63(6H,s)。质谱:465.1(M+H+)。
实施例7 4-[7-(6-氰基-5-三氟甲基-3-吡啶基)-5,5-二甲基-4-氧代-2-硫代咪唑基-2-氟-N-三氘代甲基苯甲酰胺(化合物27)的合成
4-(2-氰基-2-丙胺基)-2-氟-N-三氘代甲基苯甲酰胺(中间体26)的合成
将TMSCN(4g,40.3mmol)和化合物12(1.5g,8.8mmol)溶解在乙酸(10ml)和合丙酮(10ml)的混合溶剂中,80℃下,封管中反应过夜(16h)。冷却至室温,减压蒸去丙酮,加入水(20ml),用乙酸乙酯萃取,盐水洗涤,硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,用石油醚(10ml)洗涤所得固体,过滤抽干得到白色固体化合物26(2.0g,93.4%收率)。
4-[7-(6-氰基-5-三氟甲基-3-吡啶基)-5,5-二甲基-4-氧代-2-硫代咪唑基-2-氟-N-三氘代甲基苯甲酰胺(化合物27)的合成
将硫代光气(32mg,0.26mmol)滴加到化合物26(68mg,0.26mmol)和化合物5(50mg,0.26mmol)的DMA(10ml)溶液中,加热至60℃,过夜(16h)。加入甲醇(10ml),水(10ml)和浓盐酸(2ml)加热回流1h。乙酸乙酯萃取,盐水洗涤,硫酸钠干燥,浓缩。柱色谱纯化(PE:EA/1:1)得到棕色固体,再通过制备色谱得到白色固体化合物27(48mg),收率40%。1H NMR(CD3OD,400MHz):δ(ppm)9.19(1H,d,J=1.6Hz),8.70(1H,d=1.6Hz)7.91(1H,m),7.39(2H,m),1.63(6H,s)。质谱:469.2(M+H+)。
实施例8 4-[7-(6-氰基-5-三氟甲基-3-吡啶基)-5,5-二(三氘代甲基)-4-氧代-2-硫代咪唑基-2-氟-N-甲基苯甲酰胺(化合物29)的合成
4-(2-氰基-2-六氘代丙胺基)-2-氟-N-甲基苯甲酰胺(中间体28)的合成
将TMSCN(2.1g,21.2mmol),化合物8(0.7g,4.2mmol)和氘代丙酮(1.5g,23.4mmol)的混合物置于微波反应管中,微波加热至80℃,反应3小时,功率50W。冷却至室温,减压蒸除氘代丙酮,加入水(20ml),用乙酸乙酯萃取,盐水洗涤,硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,用石油醚(10ml)洗涤所得固体,过滤抽干得到白色固体化合物28(870mg,86.6%收率)。
4-[7-(6-氰基-5-三氟甲基-3-吡啶基)-5,5-二(三氘代甲基)-4-氧代-2-硫代咪唑基-2-氟-N-甲基苯甲酰胺(化合物29)的合成
将硫代光气(32mg,0.26mmol)滴加到化合物28(68mg,0.26mmol)和化合物5(50mg,0.26mmol)的DMA(10ml)溶液中,加热至60℃,过夜(16h)。加入甲醇(10ml),水(10ml)和浓盐酸(2ml)加热回流1h。乙酸乙酯萃取,盐水洗涤,硫酸钠干燥,浓缩。柱色谱纯化(PE:EA/1:1)得到棕色固体,再通过制备色谱得到白色固体化合物29(48mg),收率40%。1H NMR(CD3OD,400MHz):δ(ppm)9.19(1H,d,J=1.2Hz),8.70(1H,d=1.2Hz)7.91(1H,m),7.39(2H,m),2.97(3H,s)。质谱:472.2(M+H+)。
实施例9 4-[7-(6-氰基-5-三氟甲基-3-吡啶基)-5,5-二(三氘代甲基)-4-氧代-2-硫代咪唑基-2-氟-N-三氘代甲基苯甲酰胺(化合物31)的合成
4-(2-氰基-2-六氘代丙胺基)-2-氟-N-三氘代甲基苯甲酰胺(中间体30)的合成
将TMSCN(2.1g,21.2mmol),化合物12(0.7g,4.2mmol)和氘代丙酮(1.5g,23.4mmol)的混合物置于微波反应管中,微波加热至80℃,反应3小时,功率50W。冷却至室温,减压蒸除氘代丙酮,加入水(20ml),用乙酸乙酯萃取,盐水洗涤,硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,用石油醚(10ml)洗涤所得固体,过滤抽干得到白色固体化合物30(870mg,86.6%收率)。
4-[7-(6-氰基-5-三氟甲基-3-吡啶基)-5,5-二(三氘代甲基)-4-氧代-2-硫代咪唑基-2-氟-N-三氘代甲基苯甲酰胺(化合物31)的合成
将硫代光气(32mg,0.26mmol)滴加到化合物30(68mg,0.26mmol)和化合物5(50mg,0.26mmol)的DMA(10ml)溶液中,加热至60℃,过夜(16h)。加入甲醇(10ml),水(10ml)和浓盐酸(2ml)加热回流1h。乙酸乙酯萃取,盐水洗涤,硫酸钠干燥,浓缩。柱色谱纯化(PE:EA/1:1)得到棕色固体,再通过制备色谱得到白色固体化合物31(48mg),收率40%。1H NMR(CD3OD,400MHz):δ(ppm)9.19(1H,d,J=1.6Hz),8.70(1H,d=1.6Hz)7.91(1H,m),7.39(2H,m)。质谱:475.1(M+H+)。。
化合物33,35,36,37,38,40,41,42,43按照化合物14的制备方法合成:
以下通过试验例具体说明本发明的有益效果。
试验例1:小鼠中的药代动力学评价
健康昆明种小鼠,雄性,体重18-20g。分别灌胃给予10mg/kg各受试化合物,化合物以DMSO:PEG400:H2O 1:5:14溶解,给药体积为10ml/kg。试验前禁食12h,自由饮水。给药后2h统一进食。于给药后0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0、6.0和24h,每个时间点3只小鼠,经小鼠眼球后静脉丛取血0.3ml,置肝素化试管中,4℃,3500rpm离心10min,分离血浆,于–20℃冰箱中冷冻。用移液器吸出100μl血清到干净的塑料离心管中,标明化合物的名称和时间点,加入乙腈(CH3CN)稀释,并离心分离。然后用LC-MS分析药物浓度,结果见表1。血清在进行LC-MS分析前保存在-80℃。
表1 小鼠药代动力学
化合物 | Tmax(h) | Cmax(μg/ml) | AUC0-t(μg/L*h) |
10(ARN509) | 6 | 3.32 | 61.56 |
14 | 4 | 4.48 | 87.84 |
17 | 6 | 3.48 | 63.79 |
20 | 4 | 3.94 | 80.62 |
从表1中数据可知,氘代化合物的Tmax与非氘代化合物基本一致,表中所示氘代化合物的Cmax和AUC0-t都高于非氘代化合物,体现了更优的药代性质。
试验例2:大鼠药代动力学评价
雄性SD大鼠,体重180-220g,灌胃给予受试化合物,给药剂量10mg/kg,给药体积10mL/kg。采用常规检测方法进行评价,其结果如下:
表2 大鼠灌胃给予10mg/kg不同化合物后的药代动学参数(n=4)
表2数据表明:氘代化合物的Tmax与非氘代化合物相同,但半衰期更长,Cmax和暴露量都明显优于非氘代的化合物。
试验例3:体外活性测试
测试化合物对前列腺癌细胞的生长抑制能力:
首先,将构建的人类前列腺癌细胞LNCap/AR细胞转移培养至含有10%经过葡聚糖活性炭处理的胎牛血清(CCS)的RPMI1640培养液,培养至细胞处于对数生长期,用胰酶消化细胞并采用台盼蓝染法计数后进行细胞铺板,每孔加100μL细胞悬液,内含4000个细胞,为避免边缘效应,加入200μL培养基至细胞板周围孔。
细胞铺板24小时后,配置DHT(-/+)浓度为0nM/L或200nM/L的含10%CSS的RPMI1640培养基用于配置相应浓度的药物,于加药前配制6个药物浓度(20nM,100nM,200nM,1000nM,2000nM,10000nM,20000nM)的含药物培养基,于细胞板内每孔加入100μL相应浓度相应化合物并轻轻震摇使药物浓度均匀。将细胞板置于细胞培养箱内30min,每孔加入10μL4nM R1881并混匀。加完R1881后将96孔板置于细胞培养箱中,于37℃,5%CO2下培育6天,每孔加入15μL CCK-8试剂,于37℃下孵育2小时;使用酶标仪于490nm波长下读板,读数以OD为单位。使用以下方程计算受试化合物抑制率:
IR(%)=(OD对照–OD样品)/(OD对照–OD空白)×100%
使用GraphPad Prism5.0绘制受试化合物抑制率曲线,该软件可计算出50%抑制率即IC50(nM)。
表3 对LNCap/AR细胞株的抑制活性
受试化合物 | IC50(nM) |
化合物10(ANR509): | 636.9 |
化合物14 | 279.9 |
结果表明:本发明化合物对前列腺癌细胞的生长有良好的抑制能力,并明显优于未氘代的原研化合物10。
综上所述,本发明化合物,具有明显更优异的药代动力学和/或药效学性能,更适合作为雄性激素受体拮抗剂,进而更适用制备治疗雄性激素相关疾病(如癌症等)的药物。
Claims (8)
1.一种式(I)所示的咪唑二酮类化合物或药学上可接受的盐
所述式(I)化合物为如下化合物之一,式(I)中的R1~R9和X与化合物的结构所对应:
2.根据权利要求1所述的咪唑二酮类化合物、药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于:所述式(I)化合物为
3.权利要求1所述式(I)化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,它包括步骤:
(1)于酸性溶剂中,在氰化物存在下,将化合物5a和R7C(O)R8反应,从而形成化合物6a,
其中,所述氰化物为TMSCN、氰化钠或氰化钾;
(2)于非质子溶剂中,在酸性条件下,将化合物2a和化合物6a反应,从而形成式(I)化合物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:化合物5a可通过如下步骤制备得到:
(1-1)于惰性溶剂中,将化合物3a与NHR1R2反应,从而形成化合物4a;
(1-2)于惰性溶剂中,将化合物4a还原为化合物5a,
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:式2a化合物的制备方法如下:
用式7化合物与式8化合物反应,生成式2a化合物;
式8化合物为硫光气。
6.权利要求1或2所述的咪唑二酮类化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐在制备雄性激素受体拮抗剂中的用途。
7.权利要求1或2所述的咪唑二酮类化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐在制备治疗脱发、再生发、暗疮、青春痘或前列腺癌的药物中的用途。
8.一种药物组合物,其特征在于:它是以权利要求1或2所述的咪唑二酮类化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐为活性成分,加上药学上可接受辅料或/和辅助性成分制备而成的制剂。
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JP6469092B2 (ja) | 2019-02-13 |
EP3020714B1 (en) | 2022-12-28 |
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