CN104207303A - Shaping belt automatic deviation-rectifying walnut shearing and extruding flexible shell breaking device - Google Patents
Shaping belt automatic deviation-rectifying walnut shearing and extruding flexible shell breaking device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104207303A CN104207303A CN201410379776.9A CN201410379776A CN104207303A CN 104207303 A CN104207303 A CN 104207303A CN 201410379776 A CN201410379776 A CN 201410379776A CN 104207303 A CN104207303 A CN 104207303A
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- timing belt
- carrying roller
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- Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a shaping device with an automatic deviation rectifying function for shearing, extruding and flexibly breaking walnut shells, which leads the walnut to be acted by periodic concentrated force, realizes uniform walnut shell breaking, improves the shell breaking efficiency and ensures the integrity of walnut kernels. The walnut feeding device comprises a bracket, wherein a feeding hopper is arranged on the bracket, a conveying device is arranged at the outlet of the feeding hopper, and the conveying device is provided with a toothed belt for conveying walnuts to the other end of the bracket; the support is also provided with an extrusion device which is arranged above the conveying device and extrudes conveyed materials, the extrusion device adopts a synchronous belt, and the walnut is subjected to flexible shell breaking by using the pressure between the synchronous belt and the toothed belt; the bracket is also provided with an automatic deviation correcting device of a synchronous belt, the automatic deviation correcting device comprises a lower cross beam connected with the bracket, an upper cross beam is arranged on the lower cross beam through a rotating device, and an aligning carrier roller is arranged on the upper cross beam to bear the synchronous belt; the lower cross beam is provided with a limiting device for limiting the rotation angle of the upper cross beam by the upper cross beam, and the upper cross beam is provided with a synchronous belt limiting device.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of agricultrue sideline production processing machinery equipment, relate in particular to the flexible hulling machine of a kind of forming strip automatic deviation correction walnut shear extrusion.
Background technology
Walnut is in carrying out the process of deep processing, and the processing of peeling off of raw material is one important and difficult operation.In recent years, domestic some processing enterprise and scientific research institutions progressively developed some nut fruitses process equipment of peeling off, but majority is peeled off, the disposable hulling rate of facility is on the low side, and kernel breaking rate is higher, causes production efficiency low, and refining losses is large.Due to walnut out-of-shape, shell benevolence gap is little, and for realizing walnut machinery shell-cracking kernel-taking, at present, the domestic common process equipment of peeling off can be divided into by method for stripping shell classification: extrusion, shock method, shearing method and stone roller are rubbed method with the hands.1) extrusion: the squeezing action by roll makes shell broken.2) shock method: by re-packing or the high-speed impact effect of wall makes cot distortion until break, be applicable to the crisp and material that benevolence is tough of shell as shelled pine nut shell etc. with centrifugal decorticator.3) shearing method: make shell broken by the shear action of sharp keen, as Chinese chestnut sheller etc.4) grind stranding method: i.e. the stone roller stranding effect by matsurface makes cot fatigue rupture and fragmentation.Cot under removing is comparatively neat, and fragment is larger, and this method is applicable to the material that cot is more crisp.
The walnut shell-breaking device of having researched and developed at present has: 1) Double fluted disc type hulling machine, it rotarily drives rotation limit, walnut limit by driving gear disc and gets into the district of peeling off being comprised of fluted disc, eccentric arc tooth plate, the effect of being squeezed, walnut surface cracks and expansion gradually, until finally break completely, broken shell and benevolence fall down from minimum clearance.2) be out of shape constant hulling machine, this hulling machine is comprised of the contrary roller of a pair of hand of thread spiral, and on roller face, cutting has the trapezoidal thread that pitch is constant, and screw thread roller has structurally guaranteed that the practical distortion of walnut can increase with the increase in fruit footpath.When nutcracker is between a pair of left and right screw thread, 4 pressurizations have been formed.The walnut in different fruits footpath can be in the broken shell of different opening place.For avoiding, between walnut and roller, relative slippage occurs, roller face has carried out " annular knurl " to be processed.
Through retrieval, patent of invention--CRACKING WALNUT is got benevolence device (CN201210277037.X) and is proposed a kind ofly by motor, to be driven, shell and the adjustable walnut shell-breaking of benevolence Separation are got benevolence device, and this device has adopted and have speed difference two belts of (upper band is lower band low speed at a high speed) to rub, push, shear walnut.The belt adopting due to this device is General Purpose Rubber conveyer belt, and the coefficient of friction between itself and walnut is lower, the phenomenon of easily skidding when walnut rolls betwixt.Walnut more easily occurs broken when being subject to concentrated force, and in this system, upper flat rubber belting is larger with the contact area of walnut, to the extruding force of walnut, is not concentrated force, is not easy to make walnut shell fragmentation, has reduced shell-breaking rate.The band of working in this system does not have deviation correcting device in the course of the work, is easily subject to walnut and rolls and be offset, and has both reduced shell-breaking efficiency, can aggravate again the damage to device.Therefore this patent cracking performance index is low, and effect is undesirable.
Patent of invention-walnut huller (CN200920164561.X) proposes a kind of walnut sheller, and this machine comprises frame, feeding hopper, determines conically shaped, moving conically shaped, governor motion, discharge bucket, cloth cover plate, band transmission, motor etc.Moving conically shaped top is provided with cloth cover plate; Determine conically shaped concentric locking collar and be contained in moving conically shaped outside, form conical ring CRACKING WALNUT die cavity; Governor motion can move up and down determines conically shaped, thereby changes conical ring CRACKING WALNUT die cavity size; When the rotation of moving conically shaped, walnut relies on moving conically shaped and determines the conically shaped walnut that breaks under to the extruding of walnut and shear action, and the walnut breaking is discharged from discharging opening.This device adopts rigidity conically shaped to carry out broken shell to walnut, easily causes the infringement of walnut kernel, has reduced the percentage of head rice of walnut kernel, and the while is the walnut bad adaptability to different size again.
Patent of invention-extrusion-type walnut crusher (CN200910026989.2) proposes a kind of extrusion-type walnut peeling apparatus, comprise: in frame, frame, be fixed with feeding port, feeding port is connected with conveying swash plate, the double speed extruding hulling machine that frame front is comprised of the main active wheel of squeegee roller, squeegee roller high-speed wheel, reverse power drive, adopt fashion of extrusion that walnut shell is broken, after fragmentation, under the effect of double speed squeezing roll, turn over for the first time certain angle and complete extruding for the second time, and complete the fragmentation of walnut shell, then after hand peeling, obtain more complete walnut kernel.Conventionally walnut volume is big or small is close to unanimously, and special reduced size is processed in again sending into shell-breaking machine of walnut with walnut that could not be broken after labor cleaning and peeling for the second time.This device adopts rigid wheel to carry out broken shell to walnut, easily causes the infringement of walnut kernel, and will repeatedly to walnut, push, and also needs hand peeling, has both reduced shell-breaking efficiency, has increased again cost.
Although people have developed multiple walnut shell-breaking device, can carry out fragmentation to walnut shell and meat, each device all cuts both ways, can not to walnut carry out thoroughly pollution-free, automation is broken.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for addressing the above problem, provide a kind of forming strip automatic deviation correction walnut shear extrusion flexible hulling machine, automaticity is high, meet food security regulation, it is even that the effect that makes walnut be subject to periodic concentrated force by theory of thin shell and Theory of Fracture Mechanics realizes walnut shell-breaking, improve shell-breaking efficiency, guarantee walnut kernel integrality; Realized the automatic deviation correction of work band, the even running of device.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following scheme:
The flexible hulling machine of forming strip automatic deviation correction walnut shear extrusion, it comprises support, and feeding hopper is installed on support, and feeding hopper exit is provided with conveyer, and conveyer is provided with line cingulum walnut is carried to the support other end;
On described support, be also provided with the pressurizing unit that is arranged on conveyer top and convey materials is pushed, pressurizing unit adopts Timing Belt, utilizes the pressure between Timing Belt and line cingulum to carry out flexible broken shell to walnut;
On described support, be also provided with the automatic deviation rectifying device of Timing Belt, described automatic deviation rectifying device comprises the sill being connected with support, on sill, by tumbler, installs crossbeam, and entablature is provided with aligning carrier roller with carrying Timing Belt; The stopping means that is provided with entablature restriction entablature rotational angle on sill, is provided with Timing Belt restraint device at entablature, and Timing Belt sideslip is corrected.
Described conveyer also comprises carrying roller II and the carrying roller III that lays respectively at support both ends horizontal position, and line cingulum is carried by described two carrying rollers, coordinates the position of pushing to be provided with metal supporting plate below line cingulum with Timing Belt, and metal supporting plate is rack-mount.
Described pressurizing unit comprises carrying roller I, carrying roller IV, extruding carrying roller and the tensioning carrying roller being positioned on support, described each carrying roller carrying Timing Belt; Carrying roller I position is higher than carrying roller IV, and extruding carrying roller is at the rear of tensioning carrying roller, the Timing Belt level between carrying roller IV and tensioning carrying roller, and tensioning carrying roller is γ formation key groove with the Timing Belt and the horizontal plane angle that push between carrying roller, °-30 °, γ=25.
Described stopping means is two pairs of gag lever posts that arrange on sill, and four gag lever posts lay respectively at four jiaos of sills, to the rotation of entablature, carry out spacing.
Described restraint device is two edger rolls, is separately positioned on sill one side two ends.
Described tumbler comprises that upper bearing (metal) holddown groove and lower bearing holddown groove are welded on respectively on entablature and sill, upper bearing (metal) holddown groove is coaxial with lower bearing holddown groove, and angular contact ball bearing II and angular contact ball bearing I are all assemblied in respectively in upper bearing (metal) holddown groove and lower bearing holddown groove in the mode of interference fit; Connecting axle is all assemblied in respectively in angular contact ball bearing II and angular contact ball bearing I in the mode of interference fit at two ends Shang Xia 39, realizes upper and lower two-part connection, and the anglec of rotation of tumbler is θ=12 °～15 °.
Described aligning carrier roller comprises aligning carrier roller main shaft, and aligning carrier roller sleeve is connected with aligning carrier roller main shaft by being positioned at the deep groove ball bearing at aligning carrier roller main shaft two ends; Aligning carrier roller main shaft two ends are connected with an entablature montant respectively, and described two entablature montants are arranged on crossbeam.
Described Timing Belt is divided into four layers, and from-inner-to-outer is respectively work band internal layer, work is with tensile layer, work belt carcass glue-line, work to be with outer; Wherein work to be with in tensile layer and be provided with tension steel wire rope; There is line tooth on work band internal layer surface.
The line tooth of the line cingulum of described conveyer is identical with the line toothing of Timing Belt, is respectively herringbone line tooth I, herringbone line tooth II, and the height of each herringbone line tooth is L
1, L
1=2～3mm, width is L
2, L
2=2～3mm, the spacing of adjacent two herringbone line teeth is L
3, L
3=10～15mm, the angle of herringbone line tooth mid portion is β, β=140 °～150 °, the spacing of adjacent two tension steel wire ropes is L
4, L
4=8～12mm.
The line tooth of the line cingulum of described conveyer is identical with the line toothing of Timing Belt, is respectively circle-arc tooth, pressure angle α=37 of circle-arc tooth °～53 °, circle-arc tooth root radius r
a=1.8～2.4mm, circle-arc tooth radius of addendum r
b=6.4～15.2mm, tooth depth h
1=8.2～17.6mm, tape thickness h
2=6～8mm, tooth pitch P
b=26.5～48.5mm.
The line tooth of the line cingulum of described conveyer is identical with the line toothing of Timing Belt, is respectively stepped tooth, σ=23, inclination angle of stepped tooth °～27 °, stepped tooth root radius r
a1=2.5～3.8mm, stepped tooth tooth top width m
1=8～12mm, tooth depth h
3=12～15mm, tooth pitch P
b1=26.5～40.5mm.
The line tooth of the line cingulum of described conveyer is identical with the line toothing of Timing Belt, is respectively involute shape tooth, the root radius r of involute teeth
a2=2.0～2.5mm, involute shape tooth tooth top width m
2=6～8mm, tooth depth h
4=12～16mm, tooth pitch P
b2=24.6～38.5mm.
Described Timing Belt and line cingulum friction speed, and Timing Belt speed is greater than line cingulum speed.
Gap between described Timing Belt and line cingulum is e, d
1< e≤d
1+ 2S or d
1< e≤d
2-δ
In formula: d
1the maximum gauge of-walnut kernel;
The thickness of S-walnut shell;
D
2the maximum gauge of-walnut shell;
Gap between δ-walnut shell inwall and walnut kernel.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
This device adopts flexible formation band to carry out shear extrusion to walnut, has guaranteed that walnut fully rolls to be subject to periodic concentrated force and don't can be subject to impact force action, has reduced the percentage of damage of walnut, improves the integrity degree of walnut kernel, reduces the loss of walnut kernel.The herringbone line tooth of forming strip inner surface can effectively increase again the friction between band inner side and carrying roller, prevents from skidding between band and carrying roller, has realized the smooth working of Timing Belt; A kind of novel line cingulum is provided, and the corrugated line tooth of its outer surface can effectively increase the friction between band outside and walnut, realizes walnut and fully rolls; The herringbone line tooth of novel line cingulum inner surface can effectively improve and carrying roller between friction, prevent band and carrying roller between skid; The forming strip simultaneously providing has been used the material that meets food security rule, has guaranteed the health of the walnut kernel that broken shell obtains, and has improved the security of food.
The deviation-rectifying system of this device can effectively make the work band after sideslip automatically get back to original position, realize the automatic deviation correction of sideslip work band, guarantee the operation of work band centering, can either effectively prevent that equipment critical piece (as carrying roller) from can improve the service life of Timing Belt again owing to being subject to the improper damage of larger unsettled last item power.
This plant automation degree is high, and working (machining) efficiency is high, has realized the broken shell work of walnut in enormous quantities, has alleviated manpower consumption
This apparatus structure is simple, easy operating, and cost of manufacture is low, greatly reduces production costs.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flexible broken shell equipment of synchronous belt walnut shear extrusion axonometric drawing;
Fig. 2 is the flexible broken shell equipment of forming strip walnut shear extrusion frame (bearing block is housed) axonometric drawing;
Fig. 3 is the flexible broken shell equipment of synchronous belt walnut shear extrusion side view;
Fig. 4 is automatic deviation rectifying device axonometric drawing;
Fig. 5 is aligning carrier roller and entablature assembling schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is automatic deviation rectifying device connecting rod schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is edger roll and connecting rod assembling schematic diagram;
Fig. 8 is the relative rotary part assembling of automatic deviation rectifying device schematic diagram;
Fig. 9 is automatic deviation rectifying device entablature and sill relative rotation angle schematic diagram;
Figure 10 a is synchronous belt edger roll force analysis figure on automatic deviation rectifying device entablature during to left avertence;
Figure 10 b is the carrying roller of synchronous belt automatic deviation rectifying device during to left avertence and the velocity analysis figure of certain point with joint;
Figure 11 is the carrying roller of automatic deviation rectifying device and force analysis figure with certain point of joint;
Figure 12 is synchronous belt schematic diagram;
Figure 13 is internal structure schematic diagram inside synchronous belt;
Figure 14 is walnut inner structure size generalized section;
Figure 15 is that walnut is subject to a pair of normal force schematic diagram;
Figure 16 is the force analysis figure that synchronous belt circle-arc tooth size and circle-arc tooth contact with walnut;
Figure 17 a is corrugated line tooth distribution schematic diagram outside novel line cingulum;
Figure 17 b is herringbone line tooth distribution schematic diagram inside novel line cingulum;
Figure 18 a is synchronous belt with trapezoid teeth physical dimension schematic diagram;
Figure 18 b is involute shape tooth Timing Belt physical dimension schematic diagram;
Wherein, 1-support, 2-synchronous belt, 3-feeding hopper, 4-carrying roller I, 5-carrying roller II, the novel line cingulum of 6-, 7-tensioning carrying roller, 8-sill, 9-entablature, 10-aligning carrier roller, 11-edger roll, 12-pushes carrying roller, 13-metal supporting plate, 14-carrying roller III, 15-carrying roller IV, 16-one-level rack cross-bar I, 17-bearing block I, 18-bearing block II, 19-secondary rack cross-bar I, 20-frame montant I, 21-bearing block III, 22-bearing block IV, 23-frame montant II, 24-bearing block V, tri-grades of rack cross-bar I of 25-, tri-grades of rack cross-bar II of 26-, 27-bearing block VI, 28-bearing block VII, 29-bearing block VIII, 30-one-level rack cross-bar II, 31-bearing block IX, 32-frame montant III, 33-bearing block X, 34-frame montant IV, 35-secondary rack cross-bar II, 36-bearing block XI, 37-bearing block XII, 38-gag lever post, 39-connecting axle, 40-lower bearing holddown groove, 41-angular contact ball bearing I, 42-upper bearing (metal) holddown groove, 43-edger roll is knee fixedly, 44-angular contact ball bearing II, 45-through hole I, 46-synchronous belt circle-arc tooth, 47-work band internal layer, 48-work band tensile layer, 49-work belt carcass glue-line, 50-work band is outer, 51-tension steel wire rope, 52-herringbone line tooth I, 53-through hole II, 54-pad I, 55-nut I, 56-nut II, 57-pad II, 58-deep groove ball bearing, 59-aligning carrier roller sleeve, 60-aligning carrier roller main shaft, 61-entablature montant, 62-walnut shell, 63-walnut kernel, the corrugated line tooth of 64-, 65-herringbone line tooth II.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention is described further.
As shown in Figure 1, feeding hopper 3 is bolted on support 1.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 shows, carrying roller I 4 two ends are assemblied in respectively in bearing block VI 27 and bearing block V 24, and bearing block VI 27 is bolted on respectively in three grades of rack cross-bar II 26 and three grades of rack cross-bar I 25 with bearing block V 24.Carrying roller IV 15 two ends are assemblied in respectively in bearing block XI 36 and bearing block II 18, and bearing block XI 36 is bolted on respectively in secondary rack cross-bar II 35 and secondary rack cross-bar I 19 with bearing block II 18.Tensioning carrying roller 7 two ends are assemblied in respectively in bearing block IX 31 and bearing block IV 22, and bearing block IX 31 is bolted on respectively in frame montant III 32 and frame montant II 23 with bearing block IV 22.Extruding carrying roller 12 two ends are assemblied in respectively in bearing block X 33 and bearing block III 21, and bearing block X 33 is bolted on respectively in frame montant IV 34 and frame montant I 20 with bearing block III 21.Carrying roller IV 15 is L with the level interval of extruding carrying roller 12
c(L
c=350～400mm), extruding carrying roller 12 is L with the level interval of tensioning carrying roller 7
d(L
d=200mm).Synchronous belt 2 is assemblied on carrying roller I 4, carrying roller IV 15, extruding carrying roller 12, tensioning carrying roller 7, its middle idler roller IV 15 and Timing Belt and the horizontal direction parallel of extruding between carrying roller 12, the Timing Belt between extruding carrying roller 12 and tensioning carrying roller 7 and the angle between horizontal direction are γ (γ=25 °～30 °).
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 shows, automatic deviation rectifying device is fixed in frame 1 in bolted mode by sill 8 and frame 1.Distance between sill 8 and frame montant IV 34 is L
a(L
a=90～100mm).
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 shows, carrying roller III 14 two ends are assemblied in respectively in bearing block XII 37 and bearing block I 17, and bearing block XII 37 is bolted on respectively in one-level rack cross-bar II 30 and one-level rack cross-bar I 16 with bearing block I 17.Carrying roller II 5 two ends are assemblied in respectively in bearing block VII 28 and bearing block VIII 29, and bearing block VII 28 is bolted on respectively in one-level rack cross-bar I 16 and one-level rack cross-bar II 30 with bearing block VIII 29.Horizontal range between carrying roller III 14 and carrying roller II 5 is L
b(L
b=1000mm).Novel line cingulum 6 is assemblied in carrying roller III 14 and carrying roller II 5.Metal supporting plate 13 is close to novel line cingulum 6 inner sides and is bolted in frame 1.
As shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, screwed aligning carrier roller main shaft 60 two ends are fixed on entablature montant 61 in the mode being threaded by nut II 56, between nut II 56 and entablature montant 61, pad II 57 is housed, deep groove ball bearing 58 is enclosed within aligning carrier roller main shaft 60, both interference fit, Neva inner end withstands on the shaft shoulder.Aligning carrier roller sleeve 59 is enclosed within on deep groove ball bearing 58, both interference fit.
As shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, edger roll fixedly knee 43 is welded on entablature 9, the end of thread of edger roll 11 is through through hole II 53, by nut I 55, in the mode being threaded, is fixed on edger roll fixedly on knee 43, and nut I 55 and edger roll are fixedly equipped with pad I 54 between knee 43.
As shown in Figure 8, upper bearing (metal) holddown groove 42 is welded on respectively on entablature 9 and sill 8 with lower bearing holddown groove 40, upper bearing (metal) holddown groove 42 is coaxial with lower bearing holddown groove 40, and angular contact ball bearing II 44 is all assemblied in respectively in upper bearing (metal) holddown groove 42 and lower bearing holddown groove 40 in the mode of interference fit with angular contact ball bearing I 41.Connecting axle is all assemblied in respectively in angular contact ball bearing II 44 and angular contact ball bearing I 41 in the mode of interference fit at two ends Shang Xia 39, realizes upper and lower two-part connection.
As shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 9, four gag lever posts 38 are welded on respectively on sill 9, realize the control to entablature rotating range, and the rotating range of entablature 9 is θ (12 °≤θ≤15 °).
As shown in Figure 10 a, Figure 10 b, Figure 11, while there is skew in work band, the work force analysis process of automatic deviation rectifying device.All there is edger roll 11 entablature 9 both sides of automatic deviation rectifying device, and total is divided into two-layer, and entablature 9 drive aligning carrier rollers 10 can be neatly around o-o axle left rotation and right rotation certain angle, and sill 8 maintains static.When the work of this aligning carrier roller 10 being housed while being with left sideslip, belt edge is encountered left side edger roll 11, so just give 11 1 directed force F of edger roll
1, the band opposite roller 11 of simultaneously working produces frictional force F
2, due to F
1and F
2position by the centre of gyration o-o of entablature 9, have respectively a segment distance e
1and e
2so, power F
1and F
2make entablature 9 around the rotation of o-o axle, its turning moment is M=F
1e
1+ F
2e
2under the effect of turning moment M, entablature 9 horizontally rotates θ angle along running direction of conveyor belt.Consider that it under stressing conditions (when θ > 0) analyzes the speed of the moving some O that moment contacts with aligning carrier roller 10 at work band.On work is with, the speed V that O is ordered
a=V
band, and aligning carrier roller 10 is V in the speed of this point
b.
V
b=(d/2) ω=V
bandcos θ=V
acos θ
In formula, ω-carrying roller angular speed;
D-idler diameter.
At moving some O place, the relative velocity of conveyer belt and carrying roller is V
c,
v
c=V
asin θ.V
cwork exactly with the sliding speed of relative aligning carrier roller 10, thereby 10 pairs of aligning carrier rollers work band just produced force of sliding friction, and the direction of frictional force and work band relative sliding velocity direction are antithesis.Above formula only o'clock is just set up in θ ≠ 0.If θ=0, V
c=V
asin θ=0, and V
c=V
bandcos θ=V
band, there is no relative sliding, just there is no force of sliding friction F yet
close, F
close=0.When there is a θ angle, F
close≠ 0, F
closecan be decomposed into F
entangleand F
resistance,
In formula: F
entangle-correction power;
F
resistance-the additional drag that produces due to θ angle.
By upper analysis, just known, as long as there is a θ angle to exist, just have the sliding speed of the relative aligning carrier roller 10 of work band to exist, correspondingly, 10 pairs of work bands of aligning carrier roller certainly lead to force of sliding friction and the two opposite direction.Force of sliding friction resolves into two component simultaneously, and one is the correction power F going for
entangle, another is additional drag F
resistance, and correction power is all relevant with θ angle with additional drag.In order to obtain certain correction power, θ angle is unsuitable excessive, otherwise additional drag can be very large, power consumption also can increase, therefore, the automatic rotation angle of automatic deviation rectifying device aligning carrier roller 10 is θ=12 °～15 ° of left and right, can play correction effect and can not produce larger additional drag again.
As shown in figure 12, the width of synchronous belt 2 is L (L=350～370mm).
As shown in figure 13, synchronous belt 2 is divided into four layers, is respectively work band internal layer 47, work band tensile layer 48, work belt carcass glue-line 49, work band outer 50.There is herringbone line tooth I 52 on work band internal layer 47 surfaces, and the width of herringbone line tooth I 52 is L
1(L
1=2～3mm), the height of herringbone line tooth I 52 is L
2(L
2=2～3mm), the spacing of adjacent two herringbone line tooth I 52 is L
3(L
3=10～15mm), the angle of herringbone line tooth I 52 mid portions is β (β=140 °～150 °), and work band internal layer 47 materials adopt rubber.Work is the parts of mainly bearing load with tensile layer 48, and internal package has tension steel wire rope 51, and the spacing of adjacent two tension steel wire ropes 51 is L
4(L
4=8～12mm).Work belt carcass glue-line 49 major functions are work to be bonded to the outer position of band with tensile layer 48, and protect tensile materials.Work is with outer 50 materials to adopt polyurethane, and polyurethane is a kind of thermo-plastic polyurethane's material, and it has high-modulus, high strength, and high resiliency, permanent deformation is little, and circumnutating property is good, and good is wear-resisting, and oil resistant is low temperature resistant, and ageing-resistant performance can reach health care requirement.
As shown in figure 14, between band, gap length is affect walnut percentage of damage and husking yield key factor just not up and down, and its size also determines whether walnut enters top clearance.Walnut take thickness direction enter the condition that is pressed into gap as:
D
1< e≤d
1+ 2S or d
1< e≤d
2-δ
In formula: the gap of the band of e-up and down;
D
1the maximum gauge of-walnut kernel;
The thickness of S-walnut shell;
D
2the maximum gauge of-walnut shell;
Gap between δ-walnut shell inwall and walnut kernel;
Work as e=d
1or e=d
2during-δ-2S, walnut shell 62 power that is squeezed, and the extruding force that walnut kernel 63 is subject to is zero, can guarantee that walnut kernel 63 is not broken, is optimal broken shell state.Walnut shell 62 is hard and flexible, aspect thickness, can bear certain pressure, works as d
1< e≤d
1+ 2S or d
1< e≤d
2during-δ, can make that walnut shell 62 is crushed and walnut kernel 63 is not broken.Upper and lower band gap e can adjust accordingly according to the size of walnut.
As shown in figure 15, according to theory of thin shell, in concentrated force application point near zone, walnut shell is subject to effect of stress generation deformation.Walnut displacement has under pressure comprised that the displacement W of normal direction is more much bigger than the displacement U of tangential direction along the displacement W of normal direction and tangential displacement U.The factor that causes walnut shell-breaking is mainly the effect of Normal Displacement W.
By differentiating, equation obtains:
Order
?
Certainly, the analytic expression of obtaining exactly Κ is more difficult, and also more complicated of formula.The situation at concentrated force place is only discussed below, at concentrated force place, i.e. ξ=0, K=0, so above formula can be reduced to:
U＝0
And then
Due to
So
In formula: U---tangential displacement;
W---along the displacement of normal direction;
R---walnut radius;
The elastic modelling quantity of E---walnut shell;
The thickness of S---walnut shell;
P---extruding force.
When walnut material is carried out to force analysis, the parameter of getting is mean value.Getting walnut diameter is d
2=30mm, walnut shell thickness is S=2mm, and the elastic modelling quantity of walnut shell is E=13Mpa, and the gap between walnut shell inwall and walnut kernel is δ=3mm.When broken shell state is the most desirable, the desirable displacement W=3mm along normal direction.
By normal direction displacement computing formula:
Can obtain:
P＝42N
In the time of can making broken shell state the most desirable, needed extruding force is P=42N.
As shown in figure 16, pressure angle α=37 of synchronous belt 2 °～53 °, circle-arc tooth root radius r
a=1.8～2.4mm, circle-arc tooth radius of addendum r
b=6.4～15.2mm, tooth depth h
1=8.2～17.6mm, tape thickness h
2=6～8mm, tooth pitch P
b=26.5～48.5mm.
For completing the crushing function of 46 pairs of walnuts of synchronous belt circle-arc tooth, each size can obtain by following analytical calculation:
Walnut before entering two band gaps, can be squeezed carrying roller 12 extruding and crack, need crackle on 2 pairs of walnut shells of synchronous belt to further expand and then make walnut shell broken.Under external force, though crackle has expansion trend, when external force does not reach certain value, it is not expanded; Only, when external force is added to a critical value, it is just expanded.
According to the limit stress formula in < < fracture mechanics > >:
In formula: σ
c---limit stress;
The surface of ε---unit are can;
The length of a---crackle;
The elastic modelling quantity of E---walnut shell.
If walnut enters the crack length average out to a=20mm that is squeezed and cracks before two band gaps, get γ=100N/m, bring limit stress computing formula into and can obtain σ
c≈ 12.5N, the shear extrusion power that the walnut cracking is subject between two bands surpasses σ
c≈ 12.5N, the crackle of its generation can further strengthen, and then housing can be broken.
Walnut is when position as shown in figure 16, and walnut contacts with two adjacent synchronous belt circle-arc teeth 46 simultaneously, this moment walnut stress form as shown in figure 16.Under optimal broken shell state, required extruding force is P=42N (meeting limit stress), now
With F
a=21N is example.Work as F
t1during=12.5N, by F
t1=F
asin α, can obtain α=37 °, now by F
n1=F
acos α, can obtain F
n1=16.8N, meets limit stress condition; Work as F
n1during=12.5N, by F
n1=F
acos α, can obtain 53 ° of α ≈, now by F
t1=F
asin α, can obtain F
t1=16.8N, meets limit stress condition, and therefore, the span of α is α=37 °～53 °.
For preventing that walnut is in rolling process, may occur skids beats, or may between adjacent two circle-arc teeth, block, and need to make
geometrical relationship as shown in Figure 16 can obtain,
when α=37 °, r
b≈ 6.4mm, the distance s between two contact points
2for s
2=2rsin α=18.1mm, tooth pitch is P
b=2r
bsin α+s
2=26.5mm; When α=53 °, r
b≈ 15.2mm, the distance s between two contact points
2for s
2=2rsin α=23.9mm, tooth pitch is P
b=2r
bsin α+s
2=48.5mm.Circle-arc tooth root radius is r
a=1.8～2.4mm, tooth depth can be by calculating formula h so
1=r
a+ r
bcalculate, tooth depth is h
1=8.2～17.6mm.
When walnut only contacts with a circle-arc tooth, suffered extruding force is greater than 21N; When walnut is positioned at circle-arc tooth top, suffered extruding force is 42N, and while therefore rolling between walnut two bands, expansion and then the walnut shell that can realize crackle are broken uniformly.
As shown in Figure 17 a, Figure 17 b, novel line cingulum 6 outer surfaces have corrugated line tooth 64, and there is herringbone line tooth II 65 novel line cingulum 6 inner sides.Corrugated line tooth 64 is all identical with width, height and the adjacent two line space widths of herringbone line tooth I 52 with width, height and the adjacent two line space widths of herringbone line tooth II 65, does not repeat them here.
Further, the profile of tooth of Timing Belt can also change following mode into:
As shown in Figure 18 a, Figure 18 b, the profile of tooth of Timing Belt is respectively trapezoidal and involute shape.σ=23, inclination angle of synchronous belt with trapezoid teeth °～27 °, stepped tooth root radius r
a1=2.5～3.8mm, stepped tooth tooth top width m
1=8～12mm, tooth depth h
3=12～15mm, tooth pitch P
b1=26.5～40.5mm.The root radius r of involute shape tooth Timing Belt
a2=2.0～2.5mm, involute shape tooth tooth top width m
2=6～8mm, tooth depth h
4=12～16mm, tooth pitch P
b2=24.6～38.5mm.
The course of work of the present invention is as follows:
Walnut can fall into lower work band after putting into feeding hopper, and along with lower work band enters in the gap of upper and lower two bands.Before entering the gap of upper and lower two bands, walnut is subject to the extruding of carrying roller and fragmentation in porch, gap, housing cracks, after the walnut of outer casing rupture enters the gap of two flat rubber beltings, because upper and lower two bands exist speed difference, the speed of upper band is greater than the speed of lower band, and walnut can roll between two bands, be subject to the periodic rubbing of Timing Belt circle-arc tooth, respectively walnut imposed to the extruding of normal direction and tangential rubbing shearing force.Because gap becomes certain wedge angle, walnut enters that to rub region darker, and the extruding force and the shearing force that are subject to are larger.When these two groups of power make a concerted effort to be greater than the adhesion of walnut shell time, the crack on walnut shell start expansion, until form complete crack.Meanwhile, the walnut shell contacting with Timing Belt circle-arc tooth occurs to front slide with respect to walnut kernel, and the walnut shell contacting with lower flat rubber belting moves backward with respect to walnut kernel, causes the speed difference between the upper and lower two parts of shell.Walnut continues to move ahead, and between shell, displacement increases, and when acquiring a certain degree, walnut shell is broken for several parts, and now shell and kind benevolence stagger completely, and whole shelling process finishes.
Work band the course of work in due to the impact that is subject to producing when walnut rolls, can be offset.Automatically aligning carrier roller and 2 edger rolls with regard to deflection device are arranged on entablature, and sill is connected on middle frame, and lower and upper cross-member links together by gyroaxis.When work is with to a side sideslip, work belt edge is encountered edger roll, under the effect of cross force, drive an angle of entablature wraparound rotating shaft rotation, the carrying roller generation of sideslip side is leaned forward, and now aligning carrier roller applies lateral thrust to work band, impels the work band after sideslip automatically to get back to original position, realize the automatic deviation correction of sideslip work band, guarantee the operation of work band centering.
Claims (10)
1. the flexible hulling machine of forming strip automatic deviation correction walnut shear extrusion, is characterized in that, it comprises support, and feeding hopper is installed on support, and feeding hopper exit is provided with conveyer, and conveyer is provided with line cingulum walnut is carried to the support other end;
On described support, be also provided with the pressurizing unit that is arranged on conveyer top and convey materials is pushed, pressurizing unit adopts Timing Belt, utilizes the pressure between Timing Belt and line cingulum to carry out flexible broken shell to walnut;
On described support, be also provided with the automatic deviation rectifying device of Timing Belt, described automatic deviation rectifying device comprises the sill being connected with support, on sill, by tumbler, installs crossbeam, and entablature is provided with aligning carrier roller with carrying Timing Belt; The stopping means that is provided with entablature restriction entablature rotational angle on sill, is provided with Timing Belt restraint device at entablature, and Timing Belt sideslip is corrected.
2. the flexible hulling machine of forming strip automatic deviation correction walnut shear extrusion as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described conveyer also comprises carrying roller II and the carrying roller III that lays respectively at support both ends horizontal position, line cingulum is carried by described two carrying rollers, below line cingulum, coordinate the position of pushing to be provided with metal supporting plate with Timing Belt, metal supporting plate is rack-mount.
3. the flexible hulling machine of forming strip automatic deviation correction walnut shear extrusion as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described pressurizing unit comprises carrying roller I, carrying roller IV, extruding carrying roller and the tensioning carrying roller being positioned on support, described each carrying roller carrying Timing Belt; Carrying roller I position is higher than carrying roller IV, and extruding carrying roller is at the rear of tensioning carrying roller, the Timing Belt level between carrying roller IV and tensioning carrying roller, and tensioning carrying roller is γ formation key groove with the Timing Belt and the horizontal plane angle that push between carrying roller, γ=25 °～30 °.
4. the flexible hulling machine of forming strip automatic deviation correction walnut shear extrusion as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described stopping means is two pairs of gag lever posts that arrange on sill, and four gag lever posts lay respectively at four jiaos of sills, to the rotation of entablature, carry out spacing; Described restraint device is two edger rolls, is separately positioned on sill one side two ends.
5. the flexible hulling machine of forming strip automatic deviation correction walnut shear extrusion as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described tumbler comprises that upper bearing (metal) holddown groove and lower bearing holddown groove are welded on respectively on entablature and sill, upper bearing (metal) holddown groove is coaxial with lower bearing holddown groove, and angular contact ball bearing II and angular contact ball bearing I are all assemblied in respectively in upper bearing (metal) holddown groove and lower bearing holddown groove in the mode of interference fit; The upper and lower two ends of connecting axle are all assemblied in respectively in angular contact ball bearing II and angular contact ball bearing I in the mode of interference fit, realize upper and lower two-part connection, and the anglec of rotation of tumbler is θ=12 °～15 °.
6. the flexible hulling machine of forming strip automatic deviation correction walnut shear extrusion as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described aligning carrier roller comprises aligning carrier roller main shaft, and aligning carrier roller sleeve is connected with aligning carrier roller main shaft by being positioned at the deep groove ball bearing at aligning carrier roller main shaft two ends; Aligning carrier roller main shaft two ends are connected with an entablature montant respectively, and described two entablature montants are arranged on crossbeam.
7. the flexible hulling machine of forming strip automatic deviation correction walnut shear extrusion as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described Timing Belt is divided into four layers, and from-inner-to-outer is respectively work band internal layer, works and be with tensile layer, work belt carcass glue-line, work band skin; Wherein work to be with in tensile layer and be provided with tension steel wire rope; There is line tooth on work band internal layer surface.
8. the flexible hulling machine of the forming strip automatic deviation correction walnut shear extrusion as described in claim 1 or 7, it is characterized in that, the line tooth of the line cingulum of described conveyer is identical with the line toothing of Timing Belt, is respectively herringbone line tooth I, herringbone line tooth II, and the height of each herringbone line tooth is L
1, L
1=2～3mm, width is L
2, L
2=2～3mm, the spacing of adjacent two herringbone line teeth is L
3, L
3=10～15mm, the angle of herringbone line tooth mid portion is β, β=140 °～150 °, the spacing of adjacent two tension steel wire ropes is L
4, L
4=8～12mm;
Or the line tooth of the line cingulum of described conveyer is identical with the line toothing of Timing Belt, is respectively circle-arc tooth, pressure angle α=37 of circle-arc tooth °～53 °, circle-arc tooth root radius r
a=1.8～2.4mm, circle-arc tooth radius of addendum r
b=6.4～15.2mm, tooth depth h
1=8.2～17.6mm, tape thickness h
2=6～8mm, tooth pitch P
b=26.5～48.5mm;
Or the line tooth of the line cingulum of described conveyer is identical with the line toothing of Timing Belt, is respectively stepped tooth, σ=23, inclination angle of stepped tooth °～27 °, stepped tooth root radius r
a1=2.5～3.8mm, stepped tooth tooth top width m
1=8～12mm, tooth depth h
3=12～15mm, tooth pitch P
b1=26.5～40.5mm;
Or the line tooth of the line cingulum of described conveyer is identical with the line toothing of Timing Belt, is respectively involute shape tooth, the root radius r of involute teeth
a2=2.0～2.5mm, involute shape tooth tooth top width m
2=6～8mm, tooth depth h
4=12～16mm, tooth pitch P
b2=24.6～38.5mm.
9. the flexible hulling machine of forming strip automatic deviation correction walnut shear extrusion as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described Timing Belt and line cingulum friction speed, and Timing Belt speed is greater than line cingulum speed.
10. the flexible hulling machine of forming strip automatic deviation correction walnut shear extrusion as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the gap between described Timing Belt and line cingulum is e, d
1< e≤d
1+ 2S or d
1< e≤d
2-δ
In formula: d
1the maximum gauge of-walnut kernel;
The thickness of S-walnut shell;
D
2the maximum gauge of-walnut shell;
Gap between δ-walnut shell inwall and walnut kernel.
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| CN201410379776.9A CN104207303B (en) | 2014-08-04 | 2014-08-04 | Shaping belt automatic deviation-rectifying walnut shearing and extruding flexible shell breaking device |
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| CN108887696A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-11-27 | 北海和思科技有限公司 | A kind of burr shell machine automatically stripping plate prematurity chestnut bud |
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| CN113854580A (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2021-12-31 | 烟台南山学院 | Flexible walnut sheller |
| CN113854580B (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2022-10-21 | 烟台南山学院 | Flexible walnut sheller |
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