CN206260774U - Self-positioning pre-breaking shell spiral in the same direction is classified flexible walnut extruding shell-cracking kernel-taking device certainly - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of self-positioning pre-breaking shell spiral in the same direction from the flexible walnut extruding shell-cracking kernel-taking device of classification, including the intermittent feed device being fixed in frame, pre-breaking shell device, flexible hulling machine and separator, intermittent feed device is pre-breaking shell device interval batch feeding, pre-breaking shell device includes the press section and the blanking portion that cooperate, press section is moved back and forth and coordinates walnut extruding so that it is cracked with blanking portion, blanking portion moves back and forth walnut after making extruding and falls to flexible hulling machine, flexible hulling machine carries out broken shell to walnut, again by separator by the shell after broken shell, benevolence separates storage.By multiple system integrations, compact conformation reduces machine manufacturing cost, reduces the floor space of machine operation, is conducive to small-sized, the high efficiency of machinery.Structure design such as can realize splicing and combining at various connection cooperatings, the need for disclosure satisfy that various production scales, Workplace, while being also applied for family, be more widely applied.

Description

Self-positioning pre-breaking shell spiral in the same direction is classified flexible walnut extruding shell-cracking kernel-taking device certainly

Technical field

The utility model is related to walnut shell-breaking to take benevolence device, and in particular to self-positioning pre-breaking shell spiral in the same direction is classified flexibility certainly Walnut extruding shell-cracking kernel-taking device.

Background technology

Walnut, is English walnut with almond, cashew nut, fibert and referred to as world-renowned " four big dry fruits " also known as English walnut, Qiang peach The perennial deciduous tree of section's Juglans, the Central Asia is its original producton location.By constantly exploration and practice, China walnut cultivated area is about More than 1300000 kms, its area and yield occupy first place in the world.

Walnut whole body is precious:Walnut kernel, rich in abundant nutriment, the trace element that also various human bodies need, no Only there is good health-care effect to human body, while also preventing various diseases；Walnut shell, is juglandaceae plant English walnut ripening fruits Endocarp, be good Chinese medicine.This product is bitter in taste, puckery, flat, enters spleen, lung, kidney channel, there is clearing heat and detoxicating, astringing to arrest bleeding it Work(, it is adaptable to metrorrhagia, acute mastitis, mange；Additionally, walnut shell good hydrophilic property, the advantages of oil resistant is soaked.Because of durability and elasticity preferably, And can and other abrasive mixeds and use, so being also comparatively ideal polishing grinding material.In metal cleaning industry, walnut shell passes through Cleaning and the polishing material of metal are can serve as after treatment.The gear dress of such as aeroengine, circuit board and steamer and automobile Putting can be cleaned with the walnut shell after treatment.Walnut shell has certain elasticity, restoring force after being ground into superfine particle With huge endurance, so being suitable as abrasive polishing milling cutter and the various handwares of skin processing, jewellery, operating parts Deng.Diaphragma juglandis, also known as English walnut clothing, cracker, English walnut are every being the wooden barrier film in juglandaceae plant English walnut fruit stone.The traditional Chinese medical science thinks, This product is bitter in taste, puckery, flat, enters spleen, kidney channel, there is the work(of reinforcing the kidney and controlling noctural emission, can also prevent many diseases.A variety of benefits, cause walnut Increasingly pursued and liked by people, so the increasing degree of its output is increasing.

As walnut yield and the market demand are constantly increasing, walnut deep processing is increasingly highlighted in also turning into research and production Problem.It is the primary premise of deep processing that walnut shell-breaking takes benevolence.Because walnut shell is main by lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose group It is hard into, walnut shell and thick, it is in irregular shape, inside have multiple separations, shell benevolence gap is small, this just give peel off take benevolence increased it is very big Difficulty.Because process technology falls behind, without ripe walnut shell-breaking machinery, to ensure shell-breaking rate and rate of perfect kernel, many walnuts Processing producer still takes the mode of manual shell-cracking kernel-taking, such as " hickory nut peeled by hand " method, i.e., the hammer being made using flexible material Hickory nut in mould is manually tapped.Also, current existing crust breaking device is difficult suitable family and uses, shortcoming master It is expensive if bulky.

The economic benefit of walnut product is closely bound up with the rate of perfect kernel of walnut, and walnut kernel percentage of head rice is higher, and economic benefit is got over Height, rate of perfect kernel high and high efficiency are the focuses of contemporary walnut shell-breaking kernel-taking machine competition.As domestic and foreign scholars are to mechanization walnut The intensification of hulling machine research, many new walnut hullers occur.These shell-cracking kernel-taking machines exist overall deficiency be：Leakage Not exclusively, shell-breaking rate is low, and loss late is high for stripping or broken shell, and dew benevolence rate is low.For example some broken walnut shell-breaking rates for taking benevolence shell machine are low, core Peach kernel rate of perfect kernel is higher；And some shell-cracking kernel-taking machines improve shell-breaking rate too much, and damaging of have ignored that walnut kernel is subject to, cause Walnut kernel percentage of damage is higher, at the same these walnut shell-breakings to take benevolence device poor to the walnut adaptability of different cultivars, when walnut chi Very little when changing, the broken shell effect of device declines.

In the prior art, realize that walnut shell-breaking takes benevolence and mainly has physics and chemical attack two ways at present, wherein chemistry Due to the bad control in practical operation, walnut kernel is vulnerable to corrosion for corrosion, while also increasing the pretreatment of walnut and rear place Science and engineering sequence, therefore people are reluctant to receive this mode to process the bad pollution that can also cause to environment.It is most in the market Shell-cracking kernel-taking exactly is carried out to walnut using the physical characteristic of walnut, including：Grind stranding method, impingement method, shearing method and squeeze Platen press and the shatter method of ultrasonic wave.Preceding four kinds of methods using there is certain gap between walnut shell and benevolence, are filled by machinery Put rigidly applying pressure and broken effect is caused to shell, as long as the stroke of applying power is less than the gap between shell benevolence, Jiu Huibao Shield walnut kernel preserves from.But because the species of walnut is different, then the size and shape of walnut also has the hardness of walnut shell Will be different, this stroke for having resulted in walnut shell stress is not changeless, so above-mentioned preceding four kinds of methods are in broken shell The positioning or size fractionation problem of walnut will be considered.The 5th kind of shatter method of physical method ultrasonic wave is to utilize ultrasonic wave by core The shatter effect so as to reach separation of hull from kernel of shell of peach, this method also has without the concern for the size shape of walnut and classification Orientation problem.But, it is immature due to method, it is difficult to ensure that walnut shell it is shatter while walnut kernel will not be caused necessarily Injury.

A kind of pneumatic shell-breaking machine of walnut, Patent No. have been invented by Xinjiang Agricultural Univ：201310144581.1.The invention by Frame, transmission control device, feed mechanism, hulling machine composition, are equiped with hulling machine, by being even mounted in Working gantry in frame Blow cylinder and holding cylinder composition between each demarcation strip, frame front lower place is equiped with transmission control device, by motor, with motor The thumb wheel and control cam of axle coaxial package, the drive sprocket and sheave being set with lower axle, the front-end chain side by side being set with upper axle Wheel, driven sprocket, the rear end sprocket wheel side by side of frame rear portion installing are spaced the clamping of installing, hold tightly and impact three on lower methods, rack Switch composition, driving and driven sprocket wheel, front and back ends sprocket wheel is interlocked by chain respectively, and hopper is equiped with Working gantry rear portion, should The wall of case one is slotted, and feed mechanism is equiped with against groove lower section, and it is by chain side by side, interval even turning on chain Roller, the rolling plate of support transfer roller and tightener sprocket composition.

The shortcoming of the device is rate of perfect kernel not high, needs to position walnut before processing, big to walnut kernel injury, processing Operation is various, and secondary injury is caused to walnut kernel, is more expensive to manufacture.

A kind of party of Shaanxi Province Shangluo City just good invention walnut shell-breaking kernel-taking machine, the patent No.：201220548222.3, its Broken shell part includes piston bush, there is piston inside piston bush, and piston connects one end of broken shell spring, the broken shell spring other end Connection broken shell spring positioning pillars, the broken shell spring positioning pillars pass through the location hole on piston bush, also comprising perpendicular to work Plug sleeve axis and and piston connect piston pin, also comprising the rotating shaft perpendicular to piston bush axis being installed on piston bush, institute State rotating shaft one end and cam knife is installed, other end is handle, and the cam knife can promote work around the operation curve that rotating shaft rotates Plug pin is moved forward and backward in the spacing hole on piston bush and makes piston and block contact；Block on the extended line of piston axis, The block is fixedly installed on piston bush.Walnut and block are clashed into using piston movement during work, broken shell purpose is reached.

The shortcoming of the device is that lasting reciprocating percus-sion proposes requirement very high to spring, in addition, under high-speed impact, Walnut kernel is highly susceptible to damage, and rate of perfect kernel can be substantially reduced.

At present, in addition to the method for taking benevolence by hand, walnut shell-breaking takes benevolence following several method：Centrifugal bump type broken shell Method, chemical corrosion method, vacuum shell-cracking kernel-taking method, ultrasonic wave broken shell method, mechanical shell-breaking method.First method, the walnut after centrifugation High-speed impact wall deforms shell until rupturing, but the broken benevolence produced after broken shell is more, so method is undesirable；Second side Method, whard to control in practical operation Chinese medicine consumption, walnut kernel is vulnerable to corrosion, processes the bad dirt that can also cause to environment Contaminate, therefore method is seldom applied；Third and fourth kind of method, apparatus expensive, broken shell cost is too high, and broken shell effect is not ideal enough.The Five kinds of methods, equipment is simple, low cost, and broken shell effect can be lifted by improving modular construction, therefore the method obtains more Exploratory development and application.

Substantial amounts of experiment has been carried out to nuts such as almond, pine nuts both at home and abroad, mechanical property and the influence of nut has been probed into The factor of broken shell effect, it is indicated that the factor such as moisture content, loading direction is to nut cracking power, deflection, broken shell trend and whole Benevolence rate etc. has a certain impact.Shi Jianxin, Wu Ziyue et al. combine limited element analysis technique and pass through broken shell of the lot of experiments to walnut Principle and mechanical property are studied, optimal force application location and mode when have found broken shell.Yuan Qiao rosy clouds et al. are by right The experimental study of the board-like ginkgo hulling device of roller draw spacing it is excessive or it is too small be all unfavorable for shelling.The excessive amount of compression of spacing reaches Less than the critical reduction needed for broken shell, husking yield declines；Spacing is too small, and amount of compression is excessive, and nutlet cracking rate increases.Li Zhong is new et al. By the inspiration of fixed gap extruding (transverse shear stress and longitudinal direction extrude) experiment, " conic basket type broken shell model " is established, have studied to core The maximally effective force direction of peach broken shell and position, and propose the structural factor of rejuvenator, such as broken shell gap, broken shell plate it is hard Degree, influence of the rate of feeding to broken shell effect.Song of HeFei University of Technology leads exhibition with theory of thin shell and fracture theory to internal force It is analyzed with displacement and points out two pairs of normal force more conducively broken shells, while points out that carrying out broken shell to Gorgon fruit by way of rubbing wants Washboard is designed into the shape consistent with nut, i.e. washboard after deformation will have certain flexibility and hardness, and washboard with The appropriate larger requirement to meet shelling that coefficient of friction between Gorgon fruit should be chosen.

At present, domestic common mechanical descaling process equipment is broadly divided into four classes by method for stripping shell classification：Extrusion, shock Method, shearing method and stone roller stranding method.The continuous walnut huller of Wu Ziyue researchs uses two gear disk-toothed plate type and peels off principle.It is continuous After walnut is fed into peeling apparatus, round tooth disk is clamp-oned in driving continuous walnut in rotation to gap, the tooth of a determining deviation Sharp constantly walnut extruding shell surface so that crackle constantly extends, and last walnut shell substantially completely ruptures, broken shell and walnut kernel Dropped out downwards by minimum clearance.The main classification by cone roller formula of the Double Cellular-Roller Walnut Splitting Machine of Zhang Zhongxin research and development fills Put and roller indent type shedding motion two parts are constituted, grading plant is by big a pair ends to big end, small end to the tapered roller of small end Composition, two roller gaps become larger from big end to small end.It is that a pair of diameter identical cylinders are squeezed to roller indent type shedding motion Pressure roller, its upper band pocket, pocket size becomes larger from big end to small end.Two pairs of carrying roller relative rollings respectively, after classification Walnut is crushed after falling into corresponding pocket under the squeezing action of two rollers, is then collected by the slide plate that discharges.Wang Xiaoxuan^[21]Deng The secondary rejuvenator of centrifugal walnut that people develops is crushed walnut using impingement method.In the frictional force and plate of supporting plate Impetus under, fall centrifugation plate on walnut with centrifugation plate rotate, when be centrifuged plate reach certain rotating speed after, walnut Can be departed from certain speed and flown out, collided completion broken shell with bucket is clashed into.Can be adjusted by the rotating speed for adjusting centrifugation plate The size of walnut impact, and then comparatively ideal broken shell effect can be obtained.The device for taking unbroken kernels from walnuts of brave research and development is opened by base Seat and top cover composition.The first half of pedestal is a round platform, and round platform top surface has a recessed chamber of peeling off, and its inside edge is with a circle Sawtooth.During work, walnut is placed on the sawtooth in chamber of peeling off, is pushed down walnut with the top cover with rubber blanket, start motor just Walnut shell can be sawed out a breach, walnut shell can be peeled off after sawing out 4 to 6 breach.Chai Jinwang is ground using friction and rubbed with the hands The walnut huller of principle research and development broken shell is carried out to walnut using with the inside and outside mill of teeth groove.Outer mill is fixed in frame, interior Mill is rotated under the drive of motor.Gap implosion shelling of the walnut in inside and outside mill.After suitable granularity is crushed to, by baffle plate Fall on feeding plate in same gap with interior mill bottom.The machine can not automatically adapt to the size of walnut, and due to current walnut product Plant various, not of uniform size, therefore there is certain defect in actual applications, rupture various sizes of walnut, it is necessary to change chi Very little different internal-and external diameter.

But the subject matter that most decorticators are present is：Hulling rate is low, and many decorticator leakage strippings or broken shell not exclusively, are peeled off Rate 80%, it is even lower；Loss late is high, and height dew benevolence rate is low.Due to broken shell not exclusively, part fragment walnut kernel is entrained in hardly possible in broken shell To take out, the kernel loss late of some decorticators is up to 20%, and height reveals benevolence rate about 60%；Kernel integrality is poor, and many is peeled off Machine pursues the raising of hulling rate simply, causes walnut kernel percentage of damage high；Bad adaptability, in Walnut Cultivars, size specification, shell When change occur in the factors such as shape, equipment of peeling off performance of peeling off just is deteriorated.The broken shell gap of most mechanical shell-breaking equipment is all It is fixed, and because walnut geomery is irregular, walnut batch is put into, the walnut for not meeting gap size often must Less than effective broken shell, walnut is oversized to cause walnut shell overcrushing, walnut kernel to suffer damage, and walnut is undersized to lead Cause cannot get broken shell, need to carry out size classification to walnut before broken shell for this.At present mechanically to walnut size point The equipment of level mainly has 3 kinds.1) rolling bar type classifier, all rolling bar relative level are parallel, and the spacing between rolling bar is by small change Greatly.When walnut is rolled on rolling bar, when rolling bar spacing exceedes walnut diameter, walnut just falls into lower section and divides in fruit groove accordingly. 2) double-roll type grader, double roller is with the horizontal certain angle of inclination and angled between double roller, rotates against.By There is angle between double roller, the classification spacing between double roller gradually increases, walnut is rolled down along seam under gravity, when being rolled to double roller Between spacing more than fruit footpath part when, walnut just falls into point fruit groove between two rollers.3) drum-type grader, has some in roller Layer roller unit, uniformly aperture is covered with every layer of roller unit, and the small aperture in same layer roller is identical, different layers roller Small aperture is different, and aperture in every layer increases successively from inside to outside.Roller uniform roll, walnut send from drum overhead Enter, conveyed along roller appearance, walnut sequentially passes through the roller in different layers aperture, is classified successively from small to large.

Separation of hull from kernel is that walnut shell-breaking takes one of difficult point of benevolence.Domestic preferably separation method and separation equipment occur too It is few.Although the method and apparatus for occurring can realize separation of hull from kernel, equipment Cheng Fenggao, complex process, separation rate is low.At present, profit The device for separating walnut shell and benevolence with Mechanical Method is main following several：Clearer separating husk benevolence device.The device is by a pair of total lengths The roller that contacts with each other is constituted, and rollers outer surface encloses flannelette, relatively rotates and be inclined relative to horizontal.When walnut shell and meat is mixed From after high-end feeding, the smooth walnut kernel in surface is difficult the groove fallen between two rollers by fine hair adhesion and slides downwards compound material Until from bottom discharge, coarse walnut shell is adhered to by fine hair, finally gets over clearer and fall into hopper, in order to reach certain dividing From effect, the general device is made up of multipair clearer and is separated repeatedly.Due to walnut shell and fracture port all hairiness of benevolence Thorn, can adhere to the therefore device separating effect bad by lint.The walnut shell and meat winnowing machine of Dong Yuan morals et al. research and development is used Winnowing type principle is separated to walnut shell and meat.Result of the test shows that air force and wind cavity length have aobvious to rate of kernel in hull Influence is write, wind cavity length has pole significant impact to rate of hull in kernel, and feed quantity has pole significant impact to benevolence loss late in road high.

Qingdao Technological University Li Changhe teach research team walnut shell-breaking take benevolence separating technology with equipment, walnut classification and Walnut shell and meat separates and has carried out going deep into systematic research.Design the walnut shelling and picking device of research and development, integrated automation, shell-breaking rate Be greatly improved separation.Liu Mingzheng, Zhang Yanbin are improved walnut shelling and picking device, show that walnut breaks by experiment Shell rate 98%, walnut kernel percentage of damage 2.9%, walnut Lu benevolence rate 70%, further increase walnut shell-breaking rate and reduce walnut Benevolence percentage of damage, separation of hull from kernel rate is also up to 97%, and separating effect is preferable.Liu Mingzheng et al. design studies revolution cage and swing Formula walnut classifying screen, can avoid the poly- heap of walnut and block, and the walnut that size meets respective clearance can again fully fallen, and improve Classification efficiency and effectiveness of classification.Liu Mingzheng et al. has carried out Curve guide impeller to the work band in walnut shelling and picking device, reduces The percentage of damage of walnut, improves the integrity degree of walnut kernel, reduces the loss of walnut kernel, again can be effectively increased band inner side and carrying roller it Between friction, between anti-stop-band and carrying roller skid, realize the smooth working of Timing Belt.Ma Zhengcheng, Xing Xudong et al. are invented Walnut shell-breaking device and its application method, the device include being hit located at least one walnut fixed mechanism of frame and at least two Bar is hit, walnut shell-breaking mould is provided with walnut location hole, and the side wall of walnut shell-breaking mould is provided with least two with walnut location hole phase Logical perforate, many trip rods pass through perforate corresponding with every trip rod to clash under the drive of travel mechanism and are arranged at walnut Walnut in location hole, also slides including being arranged at positioning and quantitative feeding of the walnut location hole both sides for covering walnut location hole Block；The walnut in walnut location hole or walnut locating slot is clashed into by trip rod, then coordinates the setting of sliding block, clashed into Speed is fast, takes benevolence percentage of head rice high；The present invention is moved back and forth by the fixed cycle of positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block and realizes the quick of walnut Stabilization feeding, takes full advantage of the efficiency of machine processing walnut, realizes automation, controllableization of walnut feeding, reduces people Work cost, improves processing efficiency.

The flexible knocking of walnut shear extrusion broken shell of Liu Mingzheng et al. inventions takes benevolence equipment and is made up of three parts, shear extrusion Broken shell system, flexible blade knocking take benevolence system and strength helical blade roller separation system.Have in metal bracket and two In the presence of speed difference work band, the active force of shearing and extruding is produced to walnut, crush walnut shell, walnut kernel exposes, by It is flexible in band, can so mitigates the destruction to walnut kernel, and acted on by flexible blade hammer systems etc., can makes embedding Walnut kernel in walnut shell is further separated, because blade is the spiral camber that is fabricated from a flexible material, during hammering i.e. The destruction to walnut kernel can be alleviated and the conveying to mixed material can be played a part of, it is to avoid material directly falls and walnut kernel Break into pieces.Piece-rate system can realize the automation of separation of hull from kernel.Using arrangement for adjusting height, device is set to be adapted to process different chis Very little walnut, thus can be used in large batch of production operation, to shorten working time and save labour, reduction is processed into This, preferably resolves walnut shelling and picking hardly possible, relies on manual problem, and shell-breaking rate and Gao Lu benevolence rates is increased.

Zhang Yanbin et al. has invented strength with flexible screw blade is coupled walnut shell and meat roller is two-way to separate equipment.From entering Hopper conveys walnut shell and meat material, and walnut shell and meat material is admitted to helical blade and rolls after accelerating in feed hopper with certain speed Cylinder, walnut kernel material enters walnut shell and meat separated region under wind model effect, and walnut shell material major part enters walnut shell Conveyor zones, small part enters walnut shell and meat separated region.The variable-pitch auger being fixedly connected on helical blade inner wall of rotary drum is defeated Blade mechanism is sent, the hand of spiral is dextrorotation, when helical blade roller is rotated clockwise, helical blade plays conveying walnut The effect of shell benevolence material, material conveying direction is to be delivered to import direction by Way out.In walnut shell and meat separated region, walnut Shell benevolence material is circumferentially delivered to eminence by helical blade II, while helical blade II is to the oriented import direction of walnut shell and meat material The effect of transport；After reaching a certain height, walnut shell and meat material under aerial throwing, with the initial velocity to import direction.In wind Under power conveying effect, walnut kernel is fallen in walnut kernel conveyor zones by less wind-force；Walnut shell is sent by larger wind-force Enter walnut shell conveyor zones.In walnut kernel conveyor zones, walnut kernel is delivered to helical blade rolling by the helical blade III of fine pitch Cylinder Way out output, because the pitch of helical blade III is small, coefficient of friction is small, typical helical feed is formd in this region Effect, walnut kernel does not receive windage, walnut kernel to be delivered to helical blade drum outlet direction by the helical blade III of fine pitch Output, falls into walnut kernel collector.

In sum, to take benevolence technical approach many for existing walnut shell-breaking, there is oneself, but also have very serious lacking Point, some devices have simply solely pursued the function of one side and effect is less desirable in terms of causing other, so that can not Ensure that the rate of perfect kernel of walnut also has shell-breaking rate and shell-breaking efficiency.So, such device cannot comply with market demand and Development.

Utility model content

The purpose of this utility model is to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of self-positioning pre-breaking shell spiral shell in the same direction Rotation from being classified flexible walnut extruding shell-cracking kernel-taking device, due to core that walnut size and shape difference causes when solving walnut shell-breaking Peach is classified and the difficult problem of positioning, while improving rate of perfect kernel, kernel percent, reduces the damage ratio of walnut kernel, it is ensured that broken shell it is efficient Rate and separation of hull from kernel completeness.

Device of the present utility model realizes self-positioning work(using the height difference that different size of walnut falls in vee-block Can, so as to reduce walnut classification operation, and then the accurate pre-breaking shell to walnut is realized, i.e., " benevolence is not hindered in broken shell ", using what is produced Crackle reduces stress during further peach broken shell；Realized to walnut flexible shear broken shell by plectonemic spiral roller, on propellers Circular groove uniform force when causing walnut shell-breaking, peel off thorough, it is ensured that walnut shell is broken without damaging benevolence, obtains higher Rate of perfect kernel.By changing the gap between double-spiral roller, and using helicla flute is realized to the axial force of walnut dividing certainly for walnut Level, reduces the classification operation of walnut；Using walnut shell, benevolence on same flexible material frictional force it is different the characteristics of, using pressure Roller friction belt is thoroughly separated to shell benevolence.

To achieve the above object, the utility model uses following technical proposals：

Self-positioning pre-breaking shell spiral in the same direction is from the flexible walnut extruding shell-cracking kernel-taking device of classification, including is fixed in frame Intermittent feed device, pre-breaking shell device, flexible hulling machine and separator, the intermittent feed device are filled for pre-breaking shell Interval batch feeding is put, the pre-breaking shell device includes the press section and the blanking portion that cooperate, the first reciprocating mechanism band Dynamic press section to be moved back and forth and coordinate walnut extruding with blanking portion so that it is cracked, the second reciprocating mechanism drive blanking portion Walnut falls to flexible hulling machine after reciprocating motion makes extruding, and the flexible hulling machine carries out broken shell to walnut, then passes through Shell after broken shell, benevolence are separated storage by separator.

The intermittent feed device includes blanking baffle plate, and the blanking baffle plate top sets storage bin hopper, the storage bin hopper Multiple blanking pilot holes are respectively provided with blanking baffle plate, the blanking baffle plate sidepiece and the 3rd reciprocating mechanism coordinate.3rd is past Multiple motion moves back and forth blanking baffle plate so that with blanking, storage when the blanking pilot hole of storage bin hopper and blanking baffle plate overlaps The blanking pilot hole of hopper and blanking baffle plate when interlocking with discontinuity feeding, so as to realize interval batch feeding.

3rd reciprocating mechanism can be cam mechanism, or Hydraulic Elements or pneumatic element, it is also possible to It is screw mechanism etc..

The press section is extruding vee-block, and the blanking portion is blanking vee-block, the extruding vee-block and blanking vee-block It is oppositely arranged, there is gap between the blanking vee-block and extruding vee-block, and the gap is gradually reduced, with to the walnut for falling Positioning.

First reciprocating mechanism and the second reciprocating mechanism can be cam mechanism, or Hydraulic Elements Or pneumatic element, or screw mechanism etc..

First reciprocating mechanism and the second reciprocating mechanism are connected with drive mechanism, the drive mechanism bag Drive shaft, driven shaft and transmission belt are included, wherein, loaded in driving wheel, the driven shaft sleeve is loaded on driven pulley to the propeller shaft sleeve Interior, the driving wheel and driven pulley are connected by transmission belt.

First reciprocating mechanism includes being arranged on several extruding cams of drive shaft, is set on each extruding cam It is equipped with the pressure-ram for stretching out, the extruding slide rail that the pressure-ram is fixed through position；Second reciprocating machine Structure includes the blanking cam being arranged on driven shaft, and the blanking cam is provided with the blanking push rod for stretching out, the blanking The blanking slide rail that push rod is fixed through position.

The center line both sides Central Symmetry of the transmission belt is provided with two rotating shafts, several is set with a rotating shaft and is squeezed Pressure vee-block, is correspondingly arranged on blanking vee-block in another rotating shaft, and pressure-ram can promote extruding vee-block side, blanking push rod Blanking vee-block side can be promoted；Make extruding vee-block that relative motion occur with blanking vee-block, change extruding vee-block and blanking V-arrangement Gap length between block, is cracked with extruding the walnut fallen between extruding vee-block and blanking vee-block, can also be After the completion of extruding, make extruding vee-block that relative motion occur with blanking vee-block, and then make the walnut blanking after extruding broken to flexibility Housing apparatus.

Set between the extruding slide rail and extruding vee-block and had elastic component, flexible member matches with driving wheel, driven pulley Close, drive extruding vee-block and blanking vee-block to move back and forth.

Cam is angled staggers for described several extruding.

The extruding cam is α apart from the drift angle of vertical direction, and 90 ° of-α are less than the angle of friction of extruding vee-block material.

V-type caulking groove is formed between the outer surface of the blanking vee-block and the outer surface of extruding vee-block.

The blanking vee-block, the interior contact surface of the inside groove of extruding vee-block use U-shaped face.

The size of the blanking cam and extruding cam meets extruding cam when blanking cam is moved and is in remote stopping with rise.

The two ends of described two rotating shafts are fixed on corresponding bearing block by bearing, and two bearing blocks are fixed in frame, The extruding slide rail and blanking slide rail also are secured in frame.

The drive shaft and driven shaft are fixed on fixed support by support frame, and the fixed support is fixed on frame On.

The extruding vee-block and blanking vee-block are V-shaped or trapezoidal.

The propellers that the flexible hulling machine is arranged side by side including two and axis is not parallel, two spiral roller diameters are not Together, and the surface of two propellers is provided with along the axially extending groove of propellers, two propellers rotate in same direction broken shell, make Obtain walnut each uniform force during broken shell.

Groove keeps alignment at the bus of described two propellers.

There is spacing between described two propellers, and the spacing gradually increases along propellers axis direction, flexible broken shell The charging aperture of device is arranged at propellers spacing minimum, is connected by the skewed slot that gathers materials between the charging aperture and pre-breaking shell device Connect.

The material of the propellers is vulcanie.

The helical pitch of described two propellers is consistent.

The ratio between head number of the groove of described two propellers is than the inverse ratio for the ratio between rotating speed.

The rotating speed of described two propellers is identical, groove pitch is identical, head number is identical.

The groove is arc groove.

The groove axial length is more than walnut major diameter, and groove radical length and propellers clipping room are away from being adapted.

The groove includes but is not limited to V-type, parabola shaped, equation of higher degree shaped form or trapezoidal groove.

Described two propellers are arranged on fixed support, drive it to rotate by belt wheel.

The separator be arranged in parallel and highly different vibrations sleeves including two, passes through between the vibrations sleeve Friction belt is connected, and the friction belt middle part is equipped with pressure roller, and pressure roller is attached in friction belt, and pressure roller is turned to and turned with friction belt To opposite.

Each described vibrations sleeve ends is respectively provided with edge cam, and the edge cam outside sets the limit fixed with frame Position pin, edge cam causes that vibrations sleeve occurs transverse movement in rotating with the cooperation of spacer pin, and then causes that friction belt occurs Shake, so that shell benevolence mixture is evenly distributed in friction belt, is conducive to separation of hull from kernel thorough.

Each described vibrations sleeve be may be contained within rotary shaft, and the pressure roller is arranged in rotary shaft, rotary shaft and rotation Shaft end is respectively provided with sprocket wheel, is connected by chain between sprocket wheel.

The operation principle of pre-breaking shell device is：

Walnut is fallen into the gap being made up of extruding vee-block and blanking vee-block, and the walnut for falling can be automatically fallen in gap Suitable height, to realize the self-positioning of different size walnut；

After walnut is fixed between blanking vee-block and extruding vee-block, extruding cam enters rise immediately, promotes extruding V Shape block, moves extruding vee-block and coordinates generation extruding force to extrude walnut with the blanking vee-block of original position is kept, and passes through The rise of control extruding cam makes walnut crack without rupturing it ensuring the degree of walnut extruding；

Cam is extruded after the completion of walnut extruding and enters backhaul immediately, extruding vee-block action makes blanking vee-block and extruding V-arrangement One gap is opened between block, gap drops out from there to make walnut, blanking cam enters immediately far stops and extrude cam near Not the stage, reformulate the entrance that gap waits second batch walnut.

The operation principle of flexible hulling machine is：

Walnut is fallen on two propellers, due to spiral axial conveying act on, walnut along propellers bus rolls forward, Walnut is subject to downward pressure to act in the big propellers side of diameter, and when space residing for walnut, size is suitable in itself with walnut When, walnut is pressed into helical groove by walnut in the pressure suffered by the big propellers side of diameter, and shearing force is broken around walnut Under shell and spalling effect, walnut shell is come off from kernel surface, and kernel is fallen by the groove of two propellers counterparts under gravity Under, realization is peeled off and takes benevolence.

The operation principle of separator is：

Walnut shell, benevolence mixture after broken shell are fallen in friction belt, due to the cooperation of edge cam and spacer pin so that shake There is transverse movement in moving sleeve, and then cause that friction belt is shaken in rotating, shell, benevolence mixture is distributed in friction belt It is even；Because shell, benevolence are different from the frictional force of friction belt, during friction belt drive, walnut shell be brought to top, walnut kernel by In frictional force it is smaller be slipped to naturally lower section, the two each enter collecting bin, realize separation of hull from kernel.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are：

The utility model is not only reduced machine manufacturing cost, is also reduced machine by multiple system integrations, compact conformation The floor space of operation, is conducive to small-sized, the high efficiency of machinery.Structure design various connections such as can realize splicing and combining and coordinate works Make, the need for disclosure satisfy that various production scales, Workplace, while being also applied for family, be more widely applied.

Intermittent feed device of the present utility model can be follow up device interval batch feeding；Pre-breaking shell device and interval Property feed device connect and installed in its underpart, realize that pre-breaking shell operation is engaged with interval batch feeding operation, at the same complete The walnut shell of pre-breaking shell can reduce a part of stress, improve the rate of perfect kernel and efficiency of follow-up broken shell；Flexible hulling machine is installed In the lower section of pre-breaking shell device, and connected by the skewed slot that gathers materials, the skewed slot bottom that gathers materials is oriented to the charging aperture of flexible hulling machine, complete Into the charging of pre-breaking shell walnut；Separator is mixed in the lower section of flexible hulling machine, the shell benevolence for directly collecting completion broken shell Compound simultaneously is realized thoroughly separating.

Self-positioning pre-breaking shell system of the present utility model, reduces stress during walnut shell-breaking.The core of different sizes and shapes Peach can be fallen in the position of vee-block different height with automatic batch, and reduction also has the operation of positioning to walnut size fractionation, improves The shell-breaking efficiency of single unit system.

The vee-block caulking groove extruding design of self-positioning pre-breaking shell system, vee-block is divided into extruding vee-block and blanking vee-block, profit The progradation of multigroup extruding cam on axle to multigroup vee-block is fixed on hinge, is subject to various sizes of walnut accurate The compressional deformation of distance is so as to crack, it is to avoid appearance big walnut squeezes broken, is damaged to walnut kernel or small walnut squeezes not open Phenomenon, improves the percentage of head rice of walnut pre-breaking shell efficiency and benevolence.Vee-block make use of self-locking effect using caulking groove extruding, prevent pre- Walnut is moved backward during broken shell, it is impossible to effectively go out crackle.The device utilizes the differential operation of multistation, improves extruding efficiency, The energy reduced when system is extruded is unbalanced, improves the stability of device mass motion.

The utility model uses plectonemic spiral roller flexible shear hulling machine, walnut stressing conditions is analyzed, by a large amount of Practice and theoretical calculation, using circular groove propellers, lifting surface area is big when making walnut shell-breaking, uniform force, shell-breaking efficiency Height, thoroughly, rate of perfect kernel is high for broken shell, and propellers are made using rubber, increases shearing force, damage during reduction broken shell to walnut kernel. Double roller differential operating in the same direction, spacing gradually increases, and realizes, from classification broken shell, reducing walnut shell-breaking scalable stream using axial force Journey, simplifies cumbersome mechanical structure, improves the shell-breaking efficiency of device.By the gap adjustment to double roller, it is possible to achieve right The walnut of different cultivars carries out extrusion cracking, improves the adaptability of machine.

The pressure roller friction belt separation of hull from kernel system that the utility model is different using a kind of dependence shell benevolence coefficient of friction and designs, The simple system reliability, improves the efficiency of separation of hull from kernel.When shell benevolence mixture in double helix hulling machine after falling, fall In the friction belt of separator, friction belt left and right shake in the presence of edge cam, using shell benevolence in the friction belt suffered by Frictional force is different, and walnut shell makes a concerted effort to ascend into waste material collection device with friction belt upwards, and walnut kernel is made a concerted effort downwards and naturally suitable Friction belt and fall congregate, and in walnut kernel collection device is fallen in the presence of pressure roller rotates.The device is prevented effectively from The secondary injury that traditional separate mode brings to walnut kernel, effectively improves the rate of perfect kernel of walnut kernel, and be conducive to walnut The further deep processing of benevolence.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is self-positioning pre-breaking shell plectonemic spiral from the flexible walnut extruding shell-cracking kernel-taking schematic device of classification；

Fig. 2 is self-positioning pre-breaking shell plectonemic spiral from the flexible walnut extruding shell-cracking kernel-taking device right view of classification；

Fig. 3 is intermittent feed device top view；

Fig. 4 is intermittent feed device schematic diagram；

Fig. 4 (a) is intermittent feed device partial schematic diagram；

Fig. 5 is the self-positioning pre-breaking shell schematic device of vee-block；

Fig. 6 is the self-positioning pre-breaking shell device side view of vee-block；

Fig. 7 is the self-positioning pre-breaking shell device partial sectional view of vee-block；

Fig. 8 is plectonemic spiral roller from the flexible hulling machine top view of classification；

Fig. 9 is plectonemic spiral roller from the flexible hulling machine schematic diagram of classification；

Figure 10 is pressure roller friction belt separator schematic diagram；

Figure 11 is pressure roller friction belt separator partial sectional view；

Figure 12 is the structure chart of two propellers of the first scheme of the present utility model；

Figure 13 is the structure chart of two propellers of second scheme of the present utility model；

Figure 14 is the structure chart of two propellers of the third scheme of the present utility model；

Figure 15 is the structure chart of two propellers of the 4th kind of scheme of the present utility model；

Figure 16 is force analysis figure of the walnut of the present utility model between two propellers；

The force analysis figure that Figure 17 is walnut of the present utility model between two propellers the first groove profiles；

Figure 18 is force analysis figure of the walnut of the present utility model between two propellers, second groove profile；

The force analysis figure that Figure 19 is walnut of the present utility model between two propellers the third groove profiles；

Figure 20 is the pre-breaking shell schematic diagram of the self-positioning pre-breaking shell device of vee-block of the present utility model；

In figure, I-intermittent feed device, the self-positioning pre-breaking shell device of II-vee-block, III-plectonemic spiral roller are classified certainly Flexible hulling machine, IV-pressure roller friction belt separator, I -1 storage bin hopper, I -2 blanking baffle plate, I -3 edge cam, I -4 belt wheel I, I -5 axle I, I -6 needle bearing, I -7 blanking pilot hole, I -8 spring I,

II -1 belt wheel II, II -2 axle II, II -3 fixed mount, II -4 pusher, II -5 band I, II -6 blanking vee-block, II - 7 extruding vee-blocks, II -8 extruding cam, II -9 blanking cam, II -10 axle III, II -11 belt wheel III, II -12 spring II, II -13 Axle IV, II -14 axle V, II -15 firm bearing support I, II -16 firm bearing support II, II -17 bearing block, II -18 rotating shaft support frame I, II -19 shaft support frame II, II -20 gathers materials skewed slot,

III -1 king bolt roller, III -2 minor spiral roller, III -3 belt wheel VII, III -4 belt wheel VIII, III -5 belt wheel Ⅸ, III -6 belt wheel Ⅹ, III -7 belt wheel Ⅹ I, III -8 axle VI, III -9 axle VII, III -10 bearing block,

IV -1 friction belt, IV -2 vibrations sleeve 1, IV -3 chain I, IV -4 chain wheel I, IV -5 belt wheel IV, IV -6 axle VI, IV -7 pressure Roller, IV -8 chain wheel II, IV -9 axle VII, IV -10 axle VIII, IV -11 chain wheel II, IV -12 vibrations sleeve 2, IV -13 frame, IV -14 limit Position pin, F_aIt is axial force, F_dIt is radial load, F_sIt is shearing force.

Specific embodiment

The utility model is further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

As shown in figure 1, being the normal axomometric drawing of the utility model device, as can be seen from the figure the utility model is generally included Four is most of, and the self-positioning pre-breaking shell device II of intermittent feed device I, vee-block, plectonemic spiral roller are respectively from top to bottom certainly The flexible hulling machine III of classification, pressure roller friction belt separator IV.

As shown in Fig. 2 be the left view of the utility model device, can the utility model be each with apparent seeing from figure The transmission situation up and down between arrangement situation and each device of individual part.Intermittent feed device I is arranged on single unit system Top, interval batch feeding；The self-positioning pre-breaking shell device II of vee-block is connected and under it with intermittent feed device I Portion, realizes that pre-breaking shell operation is engaged with interval batch feeding operation, while the walnut shell for completing pre-breaking shell can reduce one The component of stress, improves the rate of perfect kernel and efficiency of follow-up broken shell；Plectonemic spiral roller is arranged on vee-block from flexible hulling machine III is classified The lower section of self-positioning pre-breaking shell device II, and connected by the skewed slot that gathers materials, the skewed slot bottom that gathers materials is oriented to plectonemic spiral roller and divides certainly The charging aperture of the flexible hulling machine III of level, completes the charging of pre-breaking shell walnut；Pressure roller friction belt separator IV is in the same direction From the lower section for being classified flexible hulling machine III, directly collection completes the shell benevolence mixture of broken shell to double-spiral roller and realization thoroughly divides From.

As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, it is the schematic diagram of intermittent feed device I of the present utility model.As seen from Figure 4, by spiral shell The bottom of storage bin hopper I -1 that bolt is fixed in frame IV -13 is connected with blanking baffle plate I -2 by slide rail, and blanking baffle plate I -2 can edge Slide rail in the bottom linear slide of storage bin hopper I -1, storage bin hopper I -1 be provided with that size is identical, spacing is equal on blanking baffle plate I -2, be in The blanking pilot hole I -7 of linear distribution, the diameter of blanking pilot hole I -7 is more slightly larger than walnut diameter.Edge cam I -3 is in blanking baffle plate I -2 side is simultaneously in close contact with blanking baffle plate I -2, and the opposite side of blanking baffle plate I -2 is connected with the spring I I -8 being connected in frame, For coordinating cam to realize blanking baffle plate backhaul.Axle I-5 where edge cam I-3 by the fixed frame IV of needle bearing I-6- On 13, then power drives edge cam I -3 to rotate by I I -4 incoming axle of belt wheel I I -5, and further edge cam I -3 drives Blanking baffle plate I -2 is slided.Additionally, as shown in Figure 3, blanking is realized by the routing motion of edge cam I -3 and spring I I -8 Baffle plate I -2 horizontally slips, and is achieved in blanking baffle plate I -2 and overlaps and stagger with the blanking pilot hole I -7 of the bottom of storage bin hopper I -1, The then walnut that overlaps falls into subsequent processing by the blanking pilot hole I -7 of the bottom of storage bin hopper I -1, and each blanking pilot hole once only falls One；When both blanking pilot holes stagger, because walnut size reason can not fall, walnut stops blanking, realizes walnut Intermittently bulk-fed and subsequent processing cooperating.

As shown in figure 5, promoting the detailed enlarged drawing of the motion of blanking baffle plate I -2 for edge cam I -3, can more clearly know Road edge cam I -3 promotes the operation principle of the motion of blanking baffle plate I -2.

As shown in fig. 6, being the self-positioning pre-breaking shell device II of vee-block.

The present embodiment is illustrated so that blanking vee-block and extruding vee-block are as vee-block as an example, but, it can also be blanking Plate and stripper plate, or the other shapes such as trapezoidal, can be by simple deformation just it is achieved that belonging to protection model of the present utility model Enclose.The self-positioning pre-breaking shell device of the vee-block is main by extruding cam II -8 and blanking cam II -9 and corresponding extruding V-arrangement Block II -7 and the grade part of blanking vee-block II -6 composition realize pre-breaking shell function.Multigroup extruding vee-block II -7 is uniformly connected by hinge It is connected in support shaft IV II -13, support shaft IV II -13 is in the lower end of extruding vee-block II -7；The identical group of blanking vee-block of number II -6 is also to be evenly connected in another support shaft V II -14 by hinge, and support shaft V II -14 is in blanking vee-block II -6 upper end, support shaft V II -14 is fixed by bolts in frame IV -13 with axle III II -10.Extruding cam II -8 and Blanking cam II -9 is connected by pusher II -4 with extruding vee-block II -7 and blanking vee-block II -6, by pusher II -4 transmission pressure, in the slide rail of fixed mount II -3, fixed mount II -3 passes through bolt or screw and machine to pusher II -4 Frame IV -13 is fixed.Multigroup extruding cam II -8 is correspondingly mounted in another rotary shaft III II -10, to avoid extruding convex Wheel II -8 is severely affected load when working, and multigroup extruding cam II -8 staggers and angularly install, it is ensured that machine work The stability of work, while in view of the strength problem of rotary shaft III II -10, above it plus firm bearing support II II -16, it is ensured that the intensity of axle III II -10.Rotary shaft III II -10 extruding vee-block II -7 top and with blanking V The support shaft V II -14 of the upper end of shape block II -6 is in same level；II -9 need one of blanking cam and installed in another In root rotary shaft II II -2, the rotary shaft II II -2 the lower section of blanking vee-block II -6 and with extruding vee-block II -7 Support shaft IV II -13 is in same level, and also to proof strength problem, adds firm bearing support I II -15.Two Root rotary shaft II II -2, axle III II -10 are connected by bearing block II -17 with frame IV -13, two rotary shafts II II -2, axle There is belt pulley II II -1, belt wheel III II -11 III II -10 same one end, by belt I II -5 drive two rotary shafts II - 2nd, the rotation of axle III II -10, further drives the rotation of multigroup extruding cam II -8 and blanking cam II -9.Then drive Promote slide bar II -4 to move forward, drive extruding vee-block II -7 to be moved with blanking vee-block II -6 therewith.

As shown in fig. 7, being Fig. 6 axially middle sectional view, the detailed mistake of pre-breaking shell operation can be clearly understood Journey.Walnut is fallen into two groups of extruding vee-blocks II -7, blanking vee-block II -6, and extruding cam II -8 drives extruding vee-block II -7 to enter Row pre-breaking shell compressional movement, now blanking cam II -9 in remote not state, close by blanking port, due to the extruding dislocation of cam II -8 Install, so pre-breaking shell extrusion process is gradually completing, previous extruding cam II -8 keeps far stopping state after the completion of extruding, and owns Backhaul state is fully entered after the completion of extruding, because extruding vee-block II -7 is connected by spring II II -12 with fixed mount II -3, Spring II II -12 drives extruding vee-block II -7 to reset therewith；After the completion of extruding, at the same time blanking cam II -9 enters backhaul State, further blanking vee-block II -6 opens blanking port in the presence of its deadweight, and the walnut for completing pre-breaking shell enters next work Sequence.

The III plectonemic spiral roller is directed to after walnut completion pre-breaking shell by the skewed slot II -20 that gathers materials to be broken from flexibility is classified The charging aperture of housing apparatus, the skewed slot II -20 that gathers materials is fixed by screws in the self-positioning lower section of pre-breaking shell device II of vee-block and under In frame IV -13 above one broken shell operation.

As shown in figure 20, it is the pre-breaking shell schematic diagram of the self-positioning pre-breaking shell device of II vee-block；

The self-positioning pre-breaking shell device extruding mechanism of vee-block：

First the extruding vee-block mechanism simplifying on machine into equivalent mechanism as shown in figure 20：The plates of B I are squeezed for removable Pressure version, initial makeup location is that α (connects to ensure that walnut realizes that 90 ° of-α of self-locking event are less than after falling into apart from the drift angle of vertical direction Touch the angle of friction of material), the plates of B II are fixed press plate, and distance of the bottom hinge junction C points of B I away from B II is a, the big rootlet of a Minimum diameter according to walnut determines that a is less than or equal to minimum diameter.

Cam promotion B I first makes its β that rotates a certain angle reach part as dashed when mechanism starts working.Now B Each length T on I plate_iCan all pass by one section of arc length of very little to corresponding point, it is contemplated that the angle of the deflections of B I is minimum, Therefore herein using go the principle of curved cut-off the camber line passed by it is approximate see the L that is in line_i.Obtained by formula (1)：

L_i=T_iTan β formulas (1)；

So length T different on the plates of B I_iThe different rectilinear path L of correspondence_i, obtained by formula (1)：

ΔL_i=Δ T_iTan β formulas (2)；

Thus the horizontal displacement a between two plates under different length is obtained_iFor：

a_i=a+L_iTan (alpha-beta) formula (3)；

Horizontal displacement variation delta a_iFor：

Δa_i=Δ L_iTan (alpha-beta) formula (4)；

ΔL_iWith Δ a_iThe important parameter that respectively influence walnut is cracked, we draw walnut shell by statistical analysis It is general with the distance between walnut kernel back and forth to be fluctuated in k or so.Made not by controlling starting setting angle α and extruding corner β With length T_iUnder Δ a_iBack and forth fluctuated in k or so, it is ensured that even if different size of walnut height of drop is different, the extruding for causing Progressive error will not be to Δ L_iVery big influence is caused, that is, without departing from shell benevolence gap, thus realizes that optimal extruding is split Line effect, will not be damaged to walnut kernel.

As shown in figure 8, being III plectonemic spiral roller from the flexible hulling machine of classification.Mainly by two steering phases of different sizes With king bolt roller III -1, minor spiral roller III -2 constitute, wherein at two cooperations of propellers king bolt roller III -1 turn to Under, minor spiral roller III -2 turns to upward；King bolt roller III -1, minor spiral roller III -2 pass through two rotary shaft (axles VI III -8, axle VII III -9) and four bearing blocks III -10 are fixed in frame IV -13.King bolt roller III -1, minor spiral roller III -2 are using change Gap is installed, and the two axis is formed an angle, and ascending interstice coverage is according to the size model for investigating variety classes walnut Enclose determination, it is ensured that walnut of different sizes can realize effective broken shell, and the charging aperture of the device is in gap one end less than normal.Two Same one end of rotary shaft (axle VI III -8, axle VII III -9) is provided with the belt wheel of identical parameters, and belt wheel is installed in the one end of axle VI III -8 VII III -3, belt wheel Ⅸ III -5, belt wheel Ⅹ III -6, belt wheel Ⅹ I III -7 are installed in belt wheel VIII III -4, one end of axle VII III -9, lead to It rotates to cross belt drive, further drives king bolt roller III -1, minor spiral roller III -2 to rotate.

As shown in figure 9, being all provided with helical groove on king bolt roller III -1, minor spiral roller III -2, helical groove is in propellers Must be obtained during rotation and meshed together constantly, this ensure that walnut smoothly into groove and can realize broken shell.Helical groove Groove profile also has a large amount of circular arc broken shell effects that facts have proved that selection is similar to walnut profile most preferable according to the profile of walnut, core The rate of perfect kernel and shell-breaking efficiency highest of peach.Cavetto is carried out to groove profile edge simultaneously, walnut is more beneficial for and is entered helical groove.

Because the walnut size after pre-breaking shell still has difference, therefore also need to carry out when further broken shell is carried out to walnut to divide certainly Level treatment, the walnut of different sizes by pre-breaking shell enters from plectonemic spiral roller from the charging aperture for being classified flexible hulling machine III Enter, walnut bigger than normal can not enter broken shell because helical groove is small, can forward be transported under responsive to axial force of the helical groove to it Dynamic, the gap between two rollers is increasing, and until gap is sufficiently large, walnut enters in helical groove, and at the same time, walnut will be received To the downward shearing force of king bolt roller III -1 and the upward shearing force of minor spiral roller III -2, realize peeling off walnut, shell benevolence is mixed Compound drops down onto subsequent processing therewith.

As shown in Figure 10, it is the axonometric drawing of pressure roller friction belt separator IV.The device is mainly by friction belt IV -1 Coordinate to realize separation of hull from kernel with pressure roller IV -7, the two ends of friction belt IV -1 are enclosed within vibrations sleeve II IV -12, vibrations sleeve I On IV -2, vibrations sleeve II IV -12, vibrations sleeve I IV -2 are arranged on two rotary shafts VI IV -6, axle VIII with feather key On IV -10 and shake sleeve II IV -12, the two ends of vibrations sleeve I IV -2 and be processed into edge cam, edge cam outside has With frame IV -13 fix spacer pin IV -14, rotary shaft VI IV -6, axle VIII IV -10 by bearing block be arranged on frame IV - On 13 and into constant slope install so that friction belt be inclined upwardly it is angled, be ensure two vibrations sleeves synchronously shake Dynamic, rotary shaft VI IV -6, axle VIII IV -10 have chain wheel I IV -4, chain wheel II IV -11 in same one end, by the band of chain I IV -3 It is dynamic.Belt wheel IV IV -5 is installed in rotary shaft VI IV -6, can be connected with electric machine by belt wheel IV IV -5, drive it to rotate.

Pressure roller IV -7 is arranged on the middle upper position of friction belt IV -1 and is attached in friction belt IV -1 makes latter section of friction IV -1 one-tenth level angle of band, pressure roller IV -7 is arranged on axle VII IV -9 and is arranged in frame IV -13 by bearing block, one end With chain wheel II IV -8, it is rotated by chain I IV -3, pressure roller IV -7 is turned to friction belt IV -1 conversely, so as to be conducive to The walnut kernel that bottom accumulates is taken to benevolence collection device and prevents walnut shell from entering.

Separator by motor drive chain I IV -3 rotate, further drive chain wheel II IV -8, chain wheel I IV -4, Chain wheel II IV -11 is rotated, and further drives vibrations sleeve II IV -12, vibrations sleeve I IV -2 to rotate, and shakes sleeve II IV -12, the edge cam of vibrations sleeve I IV -2 shakes sleeve II IV -12, shake because the effect of spacer pin IV -14 can be ordered about The transverse movement of moving sleeve I IV -2, the left and right shake under the guide effect of feather key further drives friction belt IV -1 or so to tremble It is dynamic, so that shell benevolence mixture is evenly distributed in friction belt IV -1, be conducive to separation of hull from kernel thorough.

Below the utility model is introduced by taking a kind of embodiment as an example.The walnut do not peeled off is put into storage bin hopper I -1 first. Blanking baffle plate I -2 is provided with that size is identical, spacing is equal, the circular hole of linear distribution with the bottom of storage bin hopper I -1, Circularhole diameter ratio Walnut diameter is slightly larger.Blanking baffle plate I -2 can be along slide rail in bottom of storage bin hopper I -1 or so under the promotion of side edge cam I -3 Slide, with the slip of blanking baffle plate I -2, blanking baffle plate I -2 periodically overlaps with the circular hole of the bottom of storage bin hopper I -1, every time Feeding is once during coincidence.

Walnut enters into the self-positioning pre-breaking shell device of vee-block, vee-block after the blanking port of the bottom of storage bin hopper I -1 falls Blanking vee-block II -6 and the extruding separate placement of vee-block II -7 in self-positioning pre-breaking shell device, extruding vee-block II -7 cut with scissors Under, upper, the two intermediate gaps is in " V-shaped " while blanking cam II -9, extruding convex for the jointed shaft of blanking vee-block II -6 for spindle Wheel II -8 is respectively positioned on rest stage, waits walnut feeding.Due to walnut diameter itself and the angle difference that drops, walnut falls certainly Extrusion position where in " V-shaped " space that material mouth is fallen into the self-positioning pre-breaking shell device of vee-block would also vary from, specifically The slightly larger walnut of diameter is shown as in the upper position in " V-shaped " space, the slightly smaller walnut of diameter in " V-shaped " space on the lower Position, is so achieved that the purpose of " self-positioning ", it is ensured that walnut shell is brought into close contact with the pressurizing unit moment.Walnut enters " V Behind font " space, blanking cam II -9 is located at remote area of stopping, and extruding cam II -8 enters the rise stage, promotes extruding vee-block II -7 closes up to centre, and walnut shell bears pressure and cracks in " V-shaped " space, now can control extruding cam II -8 Rise parameter so that extruding vee-block II -8 rise distance it is equal with clearance distance between walnut shell and walnut kernel, with this come Reach the purpose of " benevolence is not hindered in broken shell ".After the extruding rise of cam II -8 terminates, extruding vee-block II -7 reaches maximum and closes up distance, Now enter remote area of stopping, the broken shell stage terminates.Further, since being received in extruding cam II -8 rise motion short time in broken shell stage Power situation is changed greatly, so that each extruding cam and the former 5 degree of relative misalignment, uneven with the energy for reducing mass motion Weighing apparatus property.To improve rigidity of structure during motion, camshaft by rotating shaft support frame I II -18 and shaft support frame II II -19 with Rigid support I II -15 and rigid support II II -16 and then mutually fixed with frame.After the extrusion cracking stage terminates, cam is extruded II -8 enters remote rest stage, and blanking cam II -9 enters backhaul stage, under the traction of spring II -12, blanking vee-block II -6 Open, the walnut for tentatively cracking falls, complete pre-breaking shell process.

Cracked by walnut surface after preliminary pre-breaking shell, because walnut shell is spheroidal structure, quality is hard in addition And it is crisp, therefore need to consume substantial amounts of energy when preliminary broken, but due to the presence of crackle so that walnut shell is further being crushed The energy of Shi Suoxu is substantially reduced.

After the self-positioning pre-breaking shell device of vee-block carries out pre-breaking shell to walnut, the walnut that surface cracks falls into collection Material skewed slot, with backplate, centre is slope for the skewed slot both sides that gather materials, and in the dustpan-shaped of strip, squeezes out the walnut of crackle from upper And under fall into collection device, be slipped to side along slope, fall plectonemic spiral roller from the charging for being classified flexible hulling machine In mouthful, second-time breakage is carried out.

Plectonemic spiral roller from the critical component for being classified flexible hulling machine be king bolt roller III -1 and minor spiral roller III -2, The two axis misalignment certain angle, spiral roller surface is provided with the thread groove suitable with walnut diameter, and thread rotary orientation is identical and in the same direction Rotate.The present apparatus has different broken shell effects for different design parameters, and specific theory analysis has been given by, herein no longer Repeat, illustrate specific work process by taking a kind of embodiment as an example below.

The walnut cracked by pre-breaking shell falls propellers side, in propellers motion process, walnut stress and Spiral broken shell mechanism is as follows：

Below spiral broken shell principle is analyzed from mathematical theory calculating：

Consider from manufacturing cost and single unit system volume size first, two sizes of propellers are determined, due to two spirals Roller steering is identical, then upward one of the active force one to walnut is downward, according to it was verified that only downward active force is bigger than normal Can just make walnut be easier to enter broken shell, thus propellers must small one and large one wire speed difference and king bolt roller to the work of walnut It is firmly downward.In order to easy to assembly, king bolt roller is all as the length of minor spiral rollerThe radius of king bolt roller isTurn Speed is n₁, the radius of minor spiral roller isRotating speed is n₂, the equal vulcanie of material of two propellers, the flexible broken shell of realization Ensure service life simultaneously.

It can be seen from principle according to spiral broken shell, walnut only fall completely within helical groove could realize by walnut shell squeeze it is broken and Do not interfere with walnut kernel, thus design helical groove when must assure that propellers rotate when both the groove moment engagement.In order to Walnut shell-breaking efficiency is improved, only increases the quantity of mesh groove, therefore the head number N of helical groove need to be increased, if head number mistake Many, helical groove wall thickness can be too small, causes insufficient strength, so needs find an optimal value of number N, both ensure that shell-breaking efficiency Wall thickness intensity is met again.Single propellers are analyzed as follows：

The helical angle of helical groove is α, and pitch is ρ, and helical pitch is K, radius be R wherein：

Tan α=NK/2 π r formulas (5)；

The condition of two helicla flute moment engagement：

Known by formula (5) and formula (6), if propellers radius determines, helical angle is only relevant with pitch；By formula (7) and formula (8) Understand, two propellers helical pitches must equally, while ensureing that specific lobe is the inverse ratio of rotating speed.

As shown in figure 12, the first embodiment：

Spiral roller diameter is identical in this scheme, and rotating speed is identical, and pitch is different but head number is identical, and helical pitch is understood by formula (6) Difference, does not meet meshing condition, by the sketch of computer simulation it can also be seen that helicla flute does not have at a fully engaged, and linear velocity also phase With without linear differential, broken shell effect is least preferable.

As shown in figure 13, second embodiment：

Two spiral roller diameters are identical in this scheme, and rotating speed is identical, and pitch is identical, and head number is also identical, from formula (6), lead Journey is the same, also meets meshing condition, but the linear velocity of propellers is identical, does not have linear differential, is also drawn according to experiment effect Broken shell effect is undesirable.

As shown in figure 14, the third embodiment：

Two spiral roller diameters are different in this scheme, and rotating speed is different, and pitch is different but head number is identical, from formula (6), leads Cheng Butong, does not meet meshing condition, and this scheme can not clearly meet helical groove moment meshing condition, and shell-breaking efficiency is low.

As shown in figure 15, the 4th kind of embodiment：

This scheme spiral roller diameter is different, and rotating speed is identical, and wire speed is poor；Pitch is identical and head number is the same, according to formula (6) understand to meet helical groove meshing condition, also demonstrate that this scheme works is most preferable according to practice result.

The special scheme of also a kind of comparing：

This scheme is the scheme drawn according to theoretical calculation formula, can according to design requirement, change propellers diameter, Pitch, head number or rotating speed, so as to ensure also realize the function of propellers in other cases.

Walnut shell size is broadly divided into three path lengths：Major diameter d_{It is long}, central diameter d_In, minor axis d_{It is short}, remainder almost spherical, reason Want to think that the gap between walnut shell and benevolence is equidistantly λ.Propellers groove is being fallen into according to lot of experiment validation major part walnut When, major diameter is axially in parallel with helical axis, and minor axis two ends contact with two propellers grooves.In order to be able to reach preferable broken shell effect, Groove axial length ψ need to be slightly larger than walnut major diameter d_{It is long}, radical length φ can install gap τ and change according to propellers, in order to protect Card broken shell dynamics, needs to meet：

d_{It is short}-2λ≤2×φ+τ≤d_{It is short}(formula 9)

This does not hurt walnut kernel while ensuring that broken shell.

As shown in figure 16, when walnut falls in the middle of two propellers, walnut can be subject to three power in the presence of groove profile Effect, is respectively axial force F_a, shearing force F_s, radial load F_d.Wherein axial force is risen from grading:Walnut bigger than normal is due to axle Acted on to power, walnut can always prolong axial advancement, and two shaft clearances are increasing, until the size of groove profile is close with walnut, walnut Into helicla flute；Shearing force plays broken shell with radial load：It is rightabout up and down by big pony roll after walnut enters helicla flute Shearing force and radial compression power are acted on, shell breakage.

Next the groove profile of helical groove is analyzed, different groove profiles can produce different effects in broken shell to walnut shell Power, suitable groove profile can produce more preferable broken shell effect.

The first groove profile：V-type groove, due to the self-positioning feature of V-groove, the contact between walnut and V-type groove is a little Contact.Therefore, V-type groove is concentrated on four points to the power of walnut.Power at walnut stress suffered by unit area is very big, energy Amount is concentrated on four points of whole walnut.Thus it is easily caused that only walnut shell rupture is imperfect and is damaged to walnut kernel, And V-groove easily will just be squeezed broken walnut shell and be stuck in groove, influence the broken shell process of other walnuts.Therefore this V-type groove Design is unreasonable.

Force analysis figure is as shown in figure 17：

Walnut is by two counter-force F of diagram roller contact point₃、F₄, the also counter-force F of roller₁、F₂, given by roller Tangential force F vertically upward₇、F₈, the downward tangential force F given by another roller₅、F₆。

Second groove profile：Trapezoidal groove, dovetail groove remains the self-positioning feature of V-groove, between walnut and trapezoidal groove Contact be still contact.Therefore trapezoidal groove is concentrated on four points to the power of walnut, unit area institute at walnut stress The power received is very big, and energy is concentrated on four points.Walnut shell crushes incomplete problem and is not resolved.Due to trapezoidal recessed Narrow portion of the groove without V-type groove, it is to avoid walnut shell is stuck in the problem in groove.But stress is still contacted for point, is received The problem that power is concentrated, energy is concentrated is not solved also, there is certain defect.Therefore trapezoidal groove is still unreasonable.

Force analysis figure is as shown in figure 18：

Walnut is by two counter-force F of diagram roller contact point₃、F₄, the also counter-force F of roller₁、F₂, given by roller Tangential force F vertically upward₇、F₈, the downward tangential force F given by another roller₅、F₆。

The third groove profile：Arc groove, is in itself a class ellipsoid due to walnut, so between walnut and arc groove Can be in linear contact lay, stress is more uniform compared to point contact.The problem of energy concentration is avoided, makes that walnut shell is broken more to be added Entirely, and walnut shell is difficult to be stuck in groove.Therefore this arc groove is a kind of the recessed of more satisfactory walnut shell-breaking extruding Groove type.

Force analysis figure is as shown in figure 19：

Walnut is in linear contact lay with arc groove, so its stress is not single concentrated force, but distributed force.

In arc groove, by four kinds of distributed forces, a kind of be the upward shearing force produced by illustrative helicon roller to walnut q₇、q₈, a kind of is the downward shearing force q produced by another propellers₅、q₆.Also two propellers are respectively to the distribution of walnut Extruding force q₁、q₂、q₃、q₄。

Propellers groove groove profile be not actually only these three, such as it is also parabola shaped, or the equation of higher degree is bent It is linear, but according to we experimental results demonstrate, only groove profile close to walnut shell shape could improve broken shell rate of perfect kernel and Efficiency, but the shape of walnut shell is not changeless, so we can only select close with most of walnut shell Circular arc is used as optimal case.

By plectonemic spiral roller from after being classified the further broken shell of flexible hulling machine, the shell benevolence mixture for obtaining falls into pressure In roller friction belt separator, because walnut shell has sharp corner angle, and walnut kernel surface is more smooth, therefore the two is same soft Coefficient of friction on property material must be differed.Friction belt IV -1 when moving up due to the presence of frictional force, the two can by Moved up in the presence of frictional force.Make shell benevolence in vibrations sleeve I IV -2 and the vibrations drive of sleeve II IV -12 friction belt IV -1 While mixture is moved up, due to the presence of feather key, the end of vibrations sleeve I IV -2 and vibrations sleeve II IV -12 both sides Face alternately promotes two vibrations sleeves to horizontally slip, and specific motion state is friction belt IV -1 constantly left while transmission upwards Right swing.Shell benevolence mixture thereon also follows its continuous side-to-side vibrations.Due to the difference of frictional force, walnut shell is brought to Side, walnut kernel is slipped to lower section because frictional force is smaller naturally, and the two each enters collecting bin, reaches the purpose of separation of hull from kernel.

It is not new to this practicality although above-mentioned be described with reference to accompanying drawing to specific embodiment of the present utility model The limitation of type protection domain, one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that on the basis of the technical solution of the utility model, ability Various modifications or deform still in protection model of the present utility model that field technique personnel make by need not paying creative work Within enclosing.

Claims (10)

1. self-positioning pre-breaking shell spiral in the same direction is classified flexible walnut extruding shell-cracking kernel-taking device certainly, it is characterized in that, including be fixed on Intermittent feed device, pre-breaking shell device in frame, flexible hulling machine and separator, the intermittent feed device is Pre-breaking shell device interval batch feeding, the pre-breaking shell device includes the press section and the blanking portion that cooperate, the first reciprocal fortune Motivation structure drives press section to move back and forth with blanking portion cooperation walnut extruding so that it is cracked, the second reciprocating mechanism band Dynamic blanking portion moves back and forth walnut after making extruding and falls to flexible hulling machine, and the flexible hulling machine breaks to walnut Shell, then the shell after broken shell, benevolence are separated by storage by separator.

2. walnut shell-breaking as claimed in claim 1 takes benevolence device, it is characterized in that, the intermittent feed device keeps off including blanking Plate, blanking baffle plate top sets storage bin hopper, and the storage bin hopper and blanking baffle plate are respectively provided with multiple blanking pilot holes, it is described fall Material baffle plate sidepiece and the 3rd reciprocating mechanism coordinate.

3. walnut shell-breaking as claimed in claim 1 takes benevolence device, it is characterized in that, the press section for extruding vee-block, it is described fall Material portion is blanking vee-block, and the extruding vee-block and blanking vee-block are oppositely arranged, between the blanking vee-block and extruding vee-block With gap, and the gap is gradually reduced, and is positioned with to the walnut for falling.

4. walnut shell-breaking as claimed in claim 1 takes benevolence device, it is characterized in that, first reciprocating mechanism and second past Multiple motion is connected with drive mechanism, and the drive mechanism includes drive shaft, driven shaft and transmission belt, wherein, the drive Moving axis is set in driving wheel, and loaded in driven pulley, the driving wheel and driven pulley are connected the driven shaft sleeve by transmission belt.

5. walnut shell-breaking as claimed in claim 4 takes benevolence device, it is characterized in that, first reciprocating mechanism includes setting In several extruding cams of drive shaft, the pressure-ram for stretching out, the pressure-ram are provided with each extruding cam Through the extruding slide rail that position is fixed；Second reciprocating mechanism includes the blanking cam being arranged on driven shaft, described Blanking cam is provided with the blanking push rod for stretching out, the blanking slide rail that the blanking push rod is fixed through position.

6. walnut shell-breaking as claimed in claim 4 takes benevolence device, it is characterized in that, the center line both sides center pair of the transmission belt Title is provided with two rotating shafts, and several extruding vee-blocks are set with a rotating shaft, and blanking V-arrangement is correspondingly arranged in another rotating shaft Block, and pressure-ram can promote extruding vee-block side, blanking push rod can promote blanking vee-block side.

7. walnut shell-breaking as claimed in claim 5 takes benevolence device, it is characterized in that, between the extruding slide rail and extruding vee-block Setting has elastic component, and flexible member is engaged with driving wheel, driven pulley, drives extruding vee-block and blanking vee-block back and forth to transport It is dynamic；Cam is angled staggers for described several extruding；The extruding cam is α, and 90 ° of-α apart from the drift angle of vertical direction Less than the angle of friction of extruding vee-block material；V-type is formed between the outer surface of the blanking vee-block and the outer surface of extruding vee-block Caulking groove；The blanking vee-block, the interior contact surface of the inside groove of extruding vee-block use U-shaped face.

8. walnut shell-breaking as claimed in claim 1 takes benevolence device, it is characterized in that, the flexible hulling machine includes two side by side Set and the not parallel propellers of axis, two spiral roller diameters are different, and the surface of two propellers is provided with along spiral The axially extending groove of roller, two propellers rotate in same direction broken shell so that walnut each uniform force during broken shell；

There is spacing between described two propellers, and the spacing gradually increases along propellers axis direction, flexible hulling machine Charging aperture be arranged at the minimum place of propellers spacing, by skewed slot connection of gathering materials between the charging aperture and pre-breaking shell device.

9. walnut shell-breaking as claimed in claim 8 takes benevolence device, it is characterized in that, groove is protected at the bus of described two propellers Hold alignment；The helical pitch of described two propellers is consistent；The ratio between head number of the groove of described two propellers is than being the ratio between rotating speed Inverse ratio；The rotating speed of described two propellers is identical, groove pitch is identical, head number is identical.

10. walnut shell-breaking as claimed in claim 1 takes benevolence device, it is characterized in that, the separator includes two and parallel sets Put and highly different vibrations sleeves, connected by friction belt between the vibrations sleeve, the friction belt middle part is equipped with Pressure roller, pressure roller is attached in friction belt, and pressure roller steering is opposite with friction belt steering；

Each described vibrations sleeve ends is respectively provided with edge cam, and the edge cam outside sets spacing with what frame was fixed Pin.