CN108272092A - A kind of compression shearing type walnut shell-breaking device and method - Google Patents
A kind of compression shearing type walnut shell-breaking device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108272092A CN108272092A CN201810220807.4A CN201810220807A CN108272092A CN 108272092 A CN108272092 A CN 108272092A CN 201810220807 A CN201810220807 A CN 201810220807A CN 108272092 A CN108272092 A CN 108272092A
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- walnut
- broken shell
- compression roller
- shell
- baffle
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N5/00—Machines for hulling, husking or cracking nuts
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of compression shearing type walnut shell-breaking device and methods; it solves the problems, such as that walnut shell-breaking shortage protects kernel and existing hulling machine can not be suitable for different size walnut; it is exerted a force by compression roller; and shear action is generated by frictional force; shell-breaking efficiency is high; rate of perfect kernel is high, and kernel damage is small, and technical solution is：Including delivery section and press section, walnut is conveyed to press section by delivery section；The press section includes compression roller, and compression roller following side is with rotatable broken shell baffle fit and the two is with setting gap；Broken shell baffle one end is fixed by shaft and rack, and the other end is connect by spring with rack, and broken shell flapper axis is parallel with compression roller axis；It is supported by worm screw on the outside of the broken shell baffle, worm and wheel cooperation, worm gear is connect with adjusting handle.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to walnut shell-breaking kernel-taking technical field, more particularly to a kind of compression shearing type walnut shell-breaking device and
Method.
Background technology
Walnut originates in the Central Asia, and has the alias such as English walnut, Qiang peach, is the perennial deciduous tree of Juglandaceae Juglans.China
There are about more than 40 to plant for the Walnut Cultivars of cultivation, widely distributed, and national 24 provinces (area) have cultivation and distribution, area and yield equal
It occupies first place in the world.China's walnut cultivated area is big, and yield is high, and more than about 1,300,000 km of cultivated area, main planting area is in west
South and northwest, about 97.94 ten thousand tons of average annual total output.It is walnut nutritious abundant, special taste, and there is certain medical value, just
It is increasingly subject to the welcome of people and likes.Walnut is the important source material of edible vegetable oil industry, can be manufactured using walnut oil artificial
Cream, shortening, salad oil, ready-mixed oil etc., it is also possible to make the raw material of industry.Walnut by simple processing in addition to that can eat
Outside, various food and health products can also be made by processing.Walnut processed side product walnut shell and walnut grouts etc. can be comprehensive
It closes and utilizes, value added by manufacture is increased economic efficiency.
Since walnut shell is mainly made of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, walnut shell is hard and thick, in irregular shape,
Inside there are multiple separations, shell benevolence gap small.During carrying out deep processing to walnut, the kernel-taking processing of peeling off of raw material is one of weight
It wants and difficult process, but processing technology falls behind, not ripe walnut shell-breaking machinery, to ensure kernel-taking rate and walnut kernel
Percentage of head rice, many walnuts processing producer still takes the mode of manual shell-cracking kernel-taking, such as " hickory nut peeled by hand " method, i.e., mountain core
Peach is placed in special mould, is manually tapped using special hammer.Not only processing efficiency is low for the mode of manual broken shell, cost
Height, and cannot be guaranteed the health of food, there is the potential threat for endangering eater's health.
Currently, other than the method for manual kernel-taking, walnut shell-breaking kernel-taking has following several method：Centrifugal bump type broken shell
Method, chemical corrosion method, vacuum shell-cracking kernel-taking method, ultrasonic wave broken shell method, mechanical shell-breaking method.First method, the walnut after centrifugation
High-speed impact wall surface makes shell deformation until rupturing, but the broken benevolence generated after broken shell is more, so method is undesirable；Second of side
Method, not easy to control in practical operation Chinese medicine dosage, walnut kernel is vulnerable to corrosion, handles the bad dirt that can also cause to environment
Dye, because the method is seldom applied；Third and fourth kind of method, equipment is expensive, and broken shell cost is too high, and broken shell effect is not ideal enough.The
Five kinds of methods, equipment is simple, at low cost, broken shell effect can by improve modular construction promoted, therefore this method obtain it is more
Exploratory development and application.
A large amount of experiment has been carried out to nuts such as almond, pine nuts both at home and abroad, has probed into mechanical property and the influence of nut
The factor of broken shell effect, it is indicated that the factors such as moisture content, loading direction are to nut cracking power, deflection, broken shell trend and whole
Benevolence rate etc. has a certain impact.Shi Jianxin, Wu Ziyue et al. combine broken shell of the limited element analysis technique by a large number of experiments to walnut
Principle and mechanical property are studied, and best force application location and mode when broken shell are had found.Yuan Qiao rosy clouds et al. are by right
The experimental study of the board-like ginkgo hulling device of roller show that spacing is excessive or too small is all unfavorable for shelling.The excessive amount of compression of spacing reaches
Less than the critical reduction needed for broken shell, husking yield declines；Spacing is too small, and amount of compression is excessive, and nutlet cracking rate increases.Li Zhong is new et al.
The inspiration that (transverse shear stress and longitudinal extruding) experiment is squeezed by fixed gap, establishes " conic basket type broken shell model ", has studied to core
The most effective force direction of peach broken shell and position, and propose the structural factor of rejuvenator, as broken shell gap, broken shell plate it is hard
Degree, influence of the rate of feeding to broken shell effect.Song of HeFei University of Technology leads exhibition with theory of thin shell and fracture theory to internal force
Analysis is carried out with displacement and points out that two pairs of normal force are more conducive to broken shell, while pointing out that carrying out broken shell to Gorgon fruit by way of rubbing wants
Washboard is designed to the shape consistent with nut after deformation, i.e. washboard will have certain a flexibility and hardness, and washboard with
Friction coefficient between Gorgon fruit should be chosen appropriate larger to meet the requirement of shelling.
Currently, domestic common mechanical descaling process equipment is broadly divided into four classes by method for stripping shell classification：Extrusion, shock
Method, shearing method and stone roller stranding method.It is that two gear disk-toothed plate type is peeled off principle used by the continuous walnut huller of Wu Ziyue researchs.It is continuous
After walnut is fed into peeling apparatus, round tooth disk drives continuous walnut in rotation to squeezing into gap, the tooth of a determining deviation
Sharp constantly walnut extruding shell surface so that crackle constantly extends, and last walnut shell substantially completely ruptures, broken shell and walnut kernel
It is dropped out downwards by minimum clearance.The Double Cellular-Roller Walnut Splitting Machine of Zhang Zhongxin research and development, which is mainly classified by cone roller formula, to be filled
It sets and is formed with two pairs of rollers indent type shedding motion two parts, grading plant is by a pair of of big end to big end, small end to the tapered roller of small end
Composition, two roller gaps become larger from big end to small end.Two pairs of rollers indent type shedding motion is that a pair of of diameter is identical cylindrical crowded
Pressure roller, band pocket, pocket size become larger from big end to small end thereon.Two pairs of carrying rollers distinguish relative rolling, after classification
Walnut is crushed after falling into corresponding pocket under the squeezing action of two rollers, is then collected by the slide plate that discharges.Wang Xiao is warm and sunny et al.
Walnut is crushed by the secondary rejuvenator of centrifugal walnut developed using impingement method.In the frictional force and shift plate of supporting plate
Under impetus, the walnut fallen on centrifugation plate is rotated with centrifugation plate, after centrifugation plate reaches certain rotating speed, walnut meeting
It is flown out with certain speed disengaging, collides with shock bucket and complete broken shell.The rotating speed of plate is centrifuged by adjusting can adjust core
The size of peach impact force, and then comparatively ideal broken shell effect can be obtained.The device for taking unbroken kernels from walnuts bravely researched and developed is opened by pedestal
It is formed with head cover.The first half of pedestal is a round platform, and round platform top surface has a recessed chamber of peeling off, inside edge to be sawed with a circle
Tooth.When work, walnut is placed on the sawtooth for chamber of peeling off, is pushed down walnut with the head cover with rubber pad, starting motor can
Walnut shell is sawed out a notch, walnut shell can be peeled off after sawing out 4 to 6 notches.Chai Jinwang grinds stranding using friction
The walnut huller of principle research and development uses the inside and outside mill with tooth socket to carry out broken shell to walnut.Outer mill is fixed on the rack, interior mill
It is rotated under the drive of motor.The gap implosion shelling asked of the walnut in inside and outside mill.After being crushed to suitable granularity, by keeping off
Plate and the same gap of interior mill bottom are fallen on feeding plate.The machine cannot adapt to the size of walnut automatically, and due to current walnut
It is numerous in variety, not of uniform size, therefore there is certain defect in practical applications, various sizes of walnut is ruptured, is needed replacing
The different internal-and external diameter of size.
Walnut shelling and picking device has been invented by the Li Changhe team of Qingdao Technological University, it includes rack, and rack is equipped with
Cabinet, interior be equipped with of cabinet compress grinding device, and agitating device, the discharging of agitating device are equipped in the discharge port for compressing grinding device
Mouth is equipped with sorting unit, and cabinet lower wall is fixed with power plant, and power plant is crushed with sorting unit and compression respectively by V bands
Device connects, and so that walnut is ruptured by compressing grinding device first, in the wind-force of hammering and separator by agitating device
The effects that separation, adherency of suede band, makes walnut shell-breaking and realize that the automation of separation of hull from kernel makes device using height adjustment device
It is adapted to the walnut of processing different cultivars, thus can be used in large batch of production operation, working time and saving are shortened
Labour reduces processing cost, preferably resolves walnut shelling and picking hardly possible, relies on manual problem, and make hulling rate and height
Road benevolence rate increases, and realizes the green clean manufacturing of efficient, low consumption, low cost.
Walnut shear extrusion broken shell flexibility knocking kernel-taking equipment has been invented by the Li Changhe team of Qingdao Technological University.It is related to
A kind of high degree of automation realizes walnut shell-breaking, ensures walnut kernel integrality and its function of separation of hull from kernel, keeps performance indicator big
Width improves, the walnut shear extrusion broken shell flexibility knocking kernel-taking equipment for answering performance strong in fact to handling various sizes of walnut.It is wrapped
It includes：Feeding hopper；Receive the flat rubber belting shear extrusion hulling machine that feeding hopper sends material；Flexible screw blade hammer systems, it connects
It is closed flat the material for the preliminary broken shell sent with shear extrusion hulling machine, and carries out secondary hammering broken shell；In flexible screw blade
Hammer systems lower part is equipped with walnut shell and walnut kernel separating device；Flat rubber belting shear extrusion hulling machine, walnut kernel separating device with
Transmission system connects, and transmission system is connect with power source one；Flexible screw blade hammer systems are connect with power source two；It is above-mentioned each
Equipment is installed in rack.
The walnut shell-breaking device of automatic conveying positioning has been invented by the Li Changhe team of Qingdao Technological University, including is set to rack
At least one walnut fixed mechanism and at least two trip rods, the top of walnut fixed mechanism is equipped with walnut feeding hopper, walnut
Broken shell mold is provided with walnut location hole, is respectively provided in the both sides of walnut location hole and is sent for covering the positioning and quantitative of walnut location hole
Expect that sliding block, the side wall of walnut shell-breaking mold are provided at least two trepannings communicated with walnut location hole, more trip rods are in movement
The walnut being set in walnut location hole is hit under the drive of mechanism across trepanning corresponding with every trip rod；The invention uses
Agitating device carries out feeding, delicate structure, and efficient and failure rate is extremely low.The feeding hopper discharging hole shape of the present invention, positioning
Through-hole in conveying mechanism uses walnut localized cross-sectional shape, and walnut is made to can guarantee positioning in a series of dropping process
As a result stablize constant, walnut posture controllable precise realizes automating, controllably changing for walnut feeding.
But main problem is existing for existing majority decorticator：Hulling rate is low, and many decorticator leakage strippings or broken shell are incomplete,
Hulling rate 80%, it is even lower；Loss late is high, and high kernel rate is low.Since broken shell is incomplete, part fragment walnut kernel is entrained in broken shell
In be difficult to take out, the kernel loss lates of some decorticators is up to 20%, and high kernel rate about 60%；Kernel integrality is poor, many
Decorticator pursues the raising of hulling rate simply, leads to high walnut kernel percentage of damage；Bad adaptability, Walnut Cultivars, size specification,
When the factors such as shell shape change, equipment of peeling off performance of peeling off just is deteriorated.Between the broken shell of most mechanical shell-breaking equipment
Gap is fixed, and since walnut geomery is irregular, and walnut batch is put into, does not meet the walnut of gap size often
It just cannot get effective broken shell, walnut is oversized to cause walnut shell overcrushing, walnut kernel to be damaged, walnut size mistake
It is small to cause to cannot get broken shell, it needs to carry out size classification to walnut before broken shell thus.It is mechanically big to walnut at present
The equipment of small classification mainly has 3 kinds.1) rolling bar type classifier, all rolling bar relative level are parallel, the spacing between rolling bar by
It is small to become larger.Walnut on rolling bar when rolling, and when rolling bar spacing is more than walnut diameter, walnut just falls into lower section and divides fruit slot accordingly
In.2) double-roll type grader, double roller and horizontal plane are angled at certain angle of inclination, and between double roller, relative rotation.
Due to there is angle between double roller, the classification spacing between double roller gradually increases, and walnut is rolled down along seam under the effect of gravity, double when being rolled to
When spacing is more than in place of fruit diameter between roller, walnut between two rollers just from falling into point fruit slot.3) drum-type grader, if having in roller
Dried layer roller unit is uniformly covered with aperture on every layer of roller unit, and the small aperture in same layer roller is identical, different layers roller
Small aperture it is different, and the aperture in every layer is sequentially increased from inside to outside.Roller uniform roll, walnut are sent from drum overhead
Enter, conveyed along roller appearance, walnut passes through the roller in different layers aperture successively, is classified successively from small to large.
In conclusion existing walnut shelling and picking equipment is mostly the mode of " time processing ", i.e., it is complete walnut is straight
Row shell-cracking kernel-taking is tapped into, and by the way of " rigidity " broken shell, measure is effectively protected to kernel shortage when broken shell and kernel-taking.
Simultaneously as walnut type is various, various walnuts are of different sizes, and stress needed for broken shell is different, and existing equipment is difficult to realize whole
It adapts to.
Invention content
In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of compression shearing type walnut shell-breaking device,
It is exerted a force by compression roller, and shear action is generated by frictional force, shell-breaking efficiency is high, and rate of perfect kernel is high, and kernel damage is small；
Further, the present invention uses following technical proposals：
Walnut is conveyed to extruding by a kind of compression shearing type walnut shell-breaking device, including delivery section and press section, delivery section
Portion；The press section includes compression roller, and compression roller following side is with rotatable broken shell baffle fit and the two is with setting gap；
Broken shell baffle one end is fixed by shaft and rack, and the other end is connect by spring with rack, broken shell flapper axis
It is parallel with compression roller axis；It is supported by worm screw on the outside of the broken shell baffle, worm and wheel cooperation, worm gear connects with adjusting handle
It connects.
Further, the broken shell baffle is arc-shaped, and broken shell baffle bends towards compression roller setting, broken shell baffle and compression roller phase
Offside is respectively provided with groove.
Further, the setting direction of the groove is parallel with the pivot center of broken shell baffle.
Preferably, the groove is arc.
Further, the groove includes but not limited to V-type, parabola shaped, equation of higher degree curved shape or trapezoidal groove.
Further, the shaft is connected to broken shell baffle top, and spring is connected to broken shell baffle bottom end；Worm screw cooperation is set
It is placed in broken shell baffle top outer.
Further, deflector apron is set above the compression roller, and deflector apron coordinates with delivery section end.
Further, the deflector apron is arc-shaped, and deflector apron bends towards delivery section setting, by what is conveyed via delivery section
Walnut is directed at compression roller.
Further, screen is set above the delivery section, the adjacent plate interspace of screen is more than walnut diameter, screen with it is defeated
Sending has setting gap between portion.
Further, the compression roller is connect with driving mechanism by chain I, and delivery section passes through change gear and driving mechanism
Connection.
Further, the delivery section includes multiple conveying shafts arranged side by side, conveying shaft be connected on chain II and
It can be rotated around junction.
Further, the compression roller is made of vulcanie.
For overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of work sides of compression shearing type walnut shell-breaking device
Method includes the following steps：
Walnut is conveyed via delivery section, between being directed between the compression roller of press section and broken shell baffle via deflector apron
At gap, broken shell baffle is rotatably adapted to walnut size to adjust with the gap of compression roller；Compression roller rotation makes to fall into gap
Walnut is squeezed, and compression roller constantly rolls, and is made walnut by a pair of of extruding force and a pair of of shearing force, is being ensured not hurt walnut
Broken shell is realized in the case of benevolence；Broken shell baffle replys reset condition under the action of the spring after broken shell.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
The present invention rotates broken shell using compression roller so that walnut each uniform force during broken shell, when broken shell are each
It cooperates between a power, is ensureing shell-breaking efficiency, while broken shell is thorough, protecting kernel not by broken shell energy well
Injury, can obtain higher rate of perfect kernel；
Broken shell baffle of the present invention lower end is connect using spring with rack, ensure that after completing broken shell, and squeezing baffle can
Reinstatement state avoids appearance and squeezes big walnut broken, is damaged to walnut kernel or the phenomenon that small walnut squeezes not open, improves walnut
Pre-breaking shell efficiency and the stability that ensure that device, while the program can meet needs for the walnut of any size, subtract
It is classified flow less；
The present invention cannot be only used for small-scale production, and multigroup connection cooperating can be also realized by linear combination, can
Various production scales are adapted to, processing efficiency is improved.
Description of the drawings
The accompanying drawings which form a part of this application are used for providing further understanding of the present application, and the application's shows
Meaning property embodiment and its explanation do not constitute the improper restriction to the application for explaining the application.
Fig. 1 is the hulling machine axonometric drawing of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the hulling machine outside schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the delivery section axonometric drawing of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the stress diagram that groove uses V-groove；
Fig. 5 is the stress diagram that groove uses ladder-type trough；
Fig. 6 is the stress diagram that groove uses circular arc type groove；
Fig. 7 is the broken shell principle schematic of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the transmission schematic diagram of the present invention；
In figure, 1 nut, 2 worm screws, 3 screens, 4 bolts, 5 conveying shafts, 6 motors, 7 racks, 8 chain wheel Is, 9 deflector aprons,
10 compression rollers, 11 broken shell baffles, 12 springs, 13 supporting racks, 14 worm gears, 15 adjusting handles, 16 chains I, 17 pedestals, 18 deflecting teeth
Wheel, 19 chain wheel IIs, 20 chains II, 21 sprocket wheels III, 22 chains III, 23 sprocket wheels IV.
Specific implementation mode
It is noted that following detailed description is all illustrative, it is intended to provide further instruction to the application.Unless another
It indicates, all technical and scientific terms used herein has usual with the application person of an ordinary skill in the technical field
The identical meanings of understanding.
It should be noted that term used herein above is merely to describe specific implementation mode, and be not intended to restricted root
According to the illustrative embodiments of the application.As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, otherwise singulative
It is also intended to include plural form, additionally, it should be understood that, when in the present specification using term "comprising" and/or " packet
Include " when, indicate existing characteristics, step, operation, device, component and/or combination thereof.
As background technology is introduced, walnut shell-breaking exists in the prior art lacks kernel protection and existing broken shell are filled
The deficiency of different size walnut can not be suitable for by setting, and in order to solve technical problem as above, present applicant proposes a kind of extruding to cut
Cut type walnut shell-breaking device and method.
In a kind of typical embodiment of the application, as Figure 1-Figure 2, it is broken to provide a kind of compression shearing type walnut
Housing apparatus, hulling machine include delivery section and press section, and delivery section is the conveying shaft 5 being fixed on chain, delivery section upper end
It is fixed with screen 3, gap-ratio walnut maximum gauge there will be certain distance greatly and with conveying shaft 5 between screen 3, convey shaft 5
It is free to rotate, walnut fall into after delivery section can in the case where conveying shaft 5 and screen 3 act on regular distribution.Press section is compression roller
10 coordinate with broken shell baffle 11, and 10 upper end of compression roller is fixed with deflector apron 9, and the walnut that can send delivery section is directed to crowded
For pressure roller 10 in the gap of broken shell baffle 11, the material of compression roller 10 is vulcanie, has groove, groove axis on compression roller 10
It is more than walnut major diameter to length, groove radical length and compression roller 10 and 11 clipping room of broken shell baffle are away from being adapted, broken shell baffle
11 pivot centers are parallel with compression roller 10, and the both ends of 11 rotation axis of broken shell baffle are fixed on corresponding bearing block by bearing, and two
A bearing block is fixed on the rack, and 11 lower end of broken shell baffle is connect by spring with rack, is ensured between compression roller and extruding baffle
Gap can be restored after can changing and become larger in different size walnut shell-breaking, and broken shell baffle 11 passes behind the support of worm screw 2,
Worm screw 2 connect with worm gear 14, and worm gear 14 and the outer adjusting handle 15 of rack are coaxially connected, and the expansion helixangleβ of worm screw is less than worm gear
The angle of friction φ of worm screw contact meets condition of self-locking, and broken shell baffle 11 has groove, groove direction and 11 rotation axis of broken shell baffle
Line is parallel so that walnut increases friction in broken shell.
Compression roller 10 is directly connected to driving mechanism by chain, delivery section rear end sprocket wheel by coaxial gear with
Another gear engagement carries out deflecting, and another gear is connect with driving mechanism by chain by coaxial sprocket wheel.Axis is logical
It crosses bearing block to be fixed on supporting rack, supporting rack is fixed in rack 7.7 bottom of rack is fixed on pedestal 17.
Screen 3 is fixed in rack 7 by bolt 4 and nut 1 it can be seen from Fig. 1-Fig. 2, conveying shaft 5 passes through
The thin axis being fixed between two chains is connect with chain, and can be dynamic around thin shaft rotation, and chain is driven by chain wheel I 8, due to sprocket wheel
I 8 turn to motor 6 on the contrary, the gear change gear 18 of a pair of meshing is therefore used to carry out deflecting.Deflector apron 9 passes through bolt
It is connect with rack 7, walnut is directed to press section.Compression roller 10 is rotated by the bearing block being fixed in rack 7, is kept off with broken shell
Plate 11 forms press section, and wherein broken shell baffle 11 supported by supporting rack 13, and 11 lower end of broken shell baffle by spring 12 with
Rack connects, and the rear end of broken shell baffle 11 is hinged by bearing and worm screw 2, and worm screw 2 connect with worm gear 14, worm gear 14 and adjusting hand
It takes turns 15 coaxially connected, the folding angle of broken shell baffle 11 can be adjusted by adjusting adjusting handle 15.The power of compression roller 10 by
The sprocket wheel being fixed in the above is connect with motor 6 by chain I 16 and is transmitted to.The final walnut ensured for different-diameter, can be certainly
Dynamic to adjust to different folding angles to adapt to require, production efficiency is high, adaptable.
As shown in figure 3, being the delivery section schematic diagram of the present apparatus.As seen from Figure 3, delivery section is mainly by screen 3 and defeated
Shaft 5 is sent to form, walnut is dropped on screen 3, arranged in column, and then under the action of conveying shaft 5, forwards transportation reaches
After deflector apron 9, press section is reached under the action of deflector apron 9, completes work.Wherein, the power of delivery section is by motor 6
It is transported to chain wheel II 19, sprocket wheel III 21 is connected with chain wheel II 19 by chain, is delivered power on sprocket wheel III 21, due to conveying
The steering in portion and motor 6 are turned on the contrary, therefore overturn direction using change gear 18, and rear-end transmission axis is delivered power to
Afterwards, chain wheel I 8 is transported to by chain II 20 again, realizes whole cooperating.
The walnut that delivery section of the present invention is transported, can under the action of being fixed thereon the screen and itself conveying shaft at end
Uniformly arrangement, and be continually transported in press section, improve the shell-breaking efficiency of single unit system.The compression roller of press section turns
It is dynamic that the walnut for falling into gap is made to receive extruding, and constantly roll, improve the rate of perfect kernel of walnut.Broken shell baffle lower end profit simultaneously
It is connect, be ensure that after completing broken shell with rack with spring, squeezing baffle can restore to the original state state, avoid appearance by big walnut
It squeezes broken, is damaged to walnut kernel or the phenomenon that small walnut squeezes not open, improves walnut pre-breaking shell efficiency and ensure that the steady of device
It is qualitative.It squeezes baffle rear end to support using multipair worm and gear, in the case of variety classes walnut can be extruded in, passes through rotation
Worm gear adjusts compression roller and squeezes the primary clearance of baffle, improves the adaptability of device, reduce machine cost.
Broken shell principle is analyzed from mathematical theory calculating below, as shown in Figure 7：Walnut enters after press section, first by
To be compression roller 10 radial compression power Fd, squeezed on broken shell baffle 11, simultaneously as compression roller 10 is constantly turning
It is dynamic, all there is groove on compression roller 10 and broken shell baffle 11, make walnut while being squeezed power, it can be by a pair of of resultant force side
To opposite shearing friction power Fs, which has shear action to walnut, keeps its broken shell more complete, and due to having
Frictional force can be such that walnut constantly rotates, and prevent the appearance of the excessive degree of impairment for leading to walnut kernel of extruding force.Meanwhile broken shell is kept off
11 lower end of plate is connect by spring 12 with rack so that press section gap is in the state constantly adjusted, when what is be relatively large in diameter
After walnut is fallen into, spring 12 is in tensional state, and after the smaller walnut of diameter is fallen into, spring 12 is in relaxation state, also by
It constantly stretches, loosens in spring so that broken shell baffle 11 has a kind of dither state, is more advantageous to the broken shell of walnut.Broken shell simultaneously
The rear end of baffle 11 is hinged by shaft and worm screw 2, and worm screw 2 connect with worm gear 14, and worm gear 14 and adjusting handle 15 are coaxially connected,
Ineffective when finding that different types of walnut carries out broken shell, rate of perfect kernel reduces, can be by adjusting adjusting handle 15
The folding angle for adjusting broken shell baffle 11 becomes larger, and when finding that walnut carries out broken shell, shell-breaking rate reduces, can be by adjusting
The folding angle that handwheel 15 can adjust broken shell baffle 11 becomes smaller, and can reach the effect of adjusting.
Next consider from manufacturing cost and single unit system volume size, determine the size and material of compression roller, compression roller
Material be vulcanie, ensure service life while realizing flexible broken shell.Due to wanting to allow walnut while being squeezed,
It rotates and rotates also with compression roller, therefore it is required that compression roller has certain frictional force, so must assure that compression roller when design
Surface has certain groove.
Walnut shell size is broadly divided into three path lengths：Major diameter dIt is long, central diameter dIn, minor axis dIt is short, rest part almost spherical, reason
It is λ to want to think the gap between walnut shell and benevolence equidistantly.Compression roller groove is being fallen into according to lot of experiment validation major part walnut
When, to parallel, minor axis both ends are contacted with groove for major diameter and extrusion roll shaft.In order to reach preferable broken shell effect, groove is axial
Length ψ need to be slightly larger than walnut major diameter dIt is long, radical length φ can install gap τ according to compression roller roller and change, in order to ensure broken shell
Dynamics needs to meet：
dIt is short-2λ≤2×φ+τ≤dIt is short(formula 1)
Next analysis squeezes the groove profile of baffle, and different groove profiles can generate walnut shell in broken shell different effects
Power, suitable groove profile will produce better broken shell effect.
The first groove profile：V-type groove, due to the self-positioning feature of V-groove, the contact between walnut and V-type groove is a little
Contact.Therefore, V-type groove concentrates on four points the power of walnut.Power at walnut stress suffered by unit area is very big, energy
Amount concentrates on four points of entire walnut.Thus it is easy to cause that only walnut shell rupture is imperfect and is damaged to walnut kernel,
And V-groove easily will just be squeezed broken walnut shell and be stuck in slot, and be not easily cleaned, influence the broken shell process of other walnuts.Cause
This this V-type groove design is unreasonable.
Force analysis figure is as shown in Figure 4：
The counter-force F for the compression roller contact point that walnut does not identify in by figure3、F4, also squeeze the counter-force F of baffle1、F2, by
Squeeze the tangential friction force F vertically upward that baffle is given7、F8, be squeezed roller to downward tangential friction force F5、
F6。
Second of groove profile：Trapezoidal groove, dovetail groove remains the self-positioning feature of V-groove, between walnut and trapezoidal groove
Contact be still point contact.Therefore trapezoidal groove concentrates on four points the power of walnut, unit area institute at walnut stress
The power received is very big, and energy concentrates on four points.Walnut shell is crushed incomplete problem and is not resolved.Due to trapezoidal recessed
Slot avoids the problem that walnut shell is stuck in groove without the narrow portion of V-type groove.But stress is still point contact, by
The problems in power concentration, energy collection are also unresolved, and there are certain defects.Therefore trapezoidal groove is still unreasonable.
Force analysis figure is as shown in Figure 5：
The counter-force F for the compression roller contact point that walnut does not identify in by figure3、F4, also squeeze the counter-force F of baffle1、F2, by
Squeeze the tangential friction force F vertically upward that baffle is given7、F8, be squeezed roller to downward tangential friction force F5、
F6。
The third groove profile：Arc groove, since walnut itself is a class ellipsoid, so between walnut and arc groove
Can be in that line and face contact, stress is more uniform compared to point contact.The problems in energy collection is avoided, keeps walnut shell broken more
Completely, and walnut shell is not easy to be stuck in groove.Therefore this arc groove is that a kind of more satisfactory walnut shell-breaking squeezes
Groove type.
Force analysis figure is as shown in Figure 6：
Walnut is contacted with arc groove in line, so its stress is not individual concentrated force, but distributed force.
Walnut, by four kinds of distributed forces, shearing upward caused by baffle is squeezed one is diagram in arc groove
Frictional force q7、q8, one is shearing friction power q downward caused by compression roller5、q6.Also compression roller and extruding baffle difference
To the distribution extruding force q of walnut1、q2、q3、q4。
It squeezes blind recess groove profile and not actually there was only these three, such as the also parabola shaped or equation of higher degree
Curved shape, but according to we experimental results demonstrate only groove profile could improve broken shell rate of perfect kernel close to walnut shell shape
And efficiency, but the shape of walnut shell is not changeless, thus we can only select it is close with most of walnut shell
It is arc-shaped be used as optimal case.
As shown in figure 8, being the transmission schematic diagram of the present invention.As seen from Figure 8, the power source of whole device is motor 6,
The power of press section is driven by chain wheel II 19, by chain I 16, reaches sprocket wheel IV 23, realize the rotation of compression roller.Delivery section
Power, chain wheel II 19 is transported to by motor 6, sprocket wheel III 21 is connected by chain III 22 with chain wheel II 19, and chain is delivered power to
It takes turns on III 21, since steering and the motor 6 of delivery section are turned on the contrary, therefore being overturn direction using change gear 18, by power
After being transported to rear-end transmission axis, chain wheel I 8 is transported to by chain II 20 again, realizes whole cooperating.
Specific work process is as follows：
The walnut for carrying out broken shell drops into delivery section rear end by previous step process, and walnut is to Forward under delivery section effect
Dynamic, due to the effect of screen and shaft, what walnut can be regular is arranged as column distribution, is then dropped under deflector apron effect
In press section, the walnut for falling into gap is set to be squeezed using compression roller rotation, and constantly roll, walnut is squeezed by a pair
Power and a pair of of shearing force can realize broken shell ensureing the in the case of of not hurting walnut kernel.Baffle lower end is squeezed simultaneously utilizes bullet
Spring is connect with rack, ensure that after completing broken shell, and squeezing baffle can restore to the original state state, is avoided appearance and is squeezed big walnut
It is broken, it is damaged to walnut kernel or the phenomenon that small walnut squeezes not open, improves walnut pre-breaking shell efficiency and ensure that the stabilization of device
Property.It squeezes baffle rear end to support using multipair worm and gear, in the case of variety classes walnut can be extruded in, by rotating snail
Wheel adjusts compression roller and squeezes the primary clearance of baffle.
The foregoing is merely the preferred embodiments of the application, are not intended to limit this application, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, the application can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles of this application, any made by repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should be included within the protection domain of the application.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of compression shearing type walnut shell-breaking device, characterized in that including delivery section and press section, delivery section conveys walnut
To press section；The press section includes compression roller, and compression roller following side and rotatable broken shell baffle fit and the two, which have, to be set
Fixed gap；Broken shell baffle one end is fixed by shaft and rack, and the other end is connect by spring with rack, and broken shell baffle turns
Shaft line is parallel with compression roller axis；It is supported by worm screw on the outside of the broken shell baffle, worm and wheel cooperation, worm gear and adjusting hand
Wheel connection.
2. hulling machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that the broken shell baffle is arc-shaped, and broken shell baffle bends towards extruding
Roller is arranged, and broken shell baffle and compression roller opposite side are respectively provided with groove.
3. hulling machine as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the rotation axis of the setting direction and broken shell baffle of the groove
Line is parallel.
4. hulling machine as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the groove is arc.
5. hulling machine as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the groove includes but not limited to V-type, parabola shaped, high
Equation of n th order n curved shape or trapezoidal groove.
6. hulling machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that the shaft is connected to broken shell baffle top, spring connection
In broken shell baffle bottom end；Worm screw is equipped in broken shell baffle top outer.
7. hulling machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that deflector apron, deflector apron are arranged above the compression roller
Coordinate with delivery section end.
8. hulling machine as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the deflector apron is arc-shaped, and deflector apron bends towards conveying
Portion is arranged, and the walnut conveyed via delivery section is directed at compression roller.
9. hulling machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that screen, the adjacent panels of screen are arranged above the delivery section
Gap is more than walnut diameter, has setting gap between screen and delivery section；
The compression roller is connect with driving mechanism by chain I, and delivery section is connect by change gear with driving mechanism；
The delivery section includes multiple conveying shafts arranged side by side, and conveying shaft is connected on chain II and can turn around junction
It is dynamic；The compression roller is made of vulcanie.
10. such as the working method of claim 1-9 any one of them hulling machines, characterized in that include the following steps：
Walnut is conveyed via delivery section, and the gap between the compression roller of press section and broken shell baffle is directed to via deflector apron
Place, broken shell baffle are rotatably adapted to walnut size to adjust with the gap of compression roller；Compression roller rotation makes the core for falling into gap
Peach is squeezed, and compression roller constantly rolls, and makes walnut by a pair of of extruding force and a pair of of shearing force, is ensureing not hurt walnut kernel
In the case of realize broken shell；Broken shell baffle replys reset condition under the action of the spring after broken shell.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810220807.4A CN108272092A (en) | 2018-03-16 | 2018-03-16 | A kind of compression shearing type walnut shell-breaking device and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810220807.4A CN108272092A (en) | 2018-03-16 | 2018-03-16 | A kind of compression shearing type walnut shell-breaking device and method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108272092A true CN108272092A (en) | 2018-07-13 |
Family
ID=62809800
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810220807.4A Withdrawn CN108272092A (en) | 2018-03-16 | 2018-03-16 | A kind of compression shearing type walnut shell-breaking device and method |
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| CN (1) | CN108272092A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108865409A (en) * | 2018-07-21 | 2018-11-23 | 海南大学 | A kind of oil palm fruit shell millerator |
| CN109619600A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-04-16 | 河南科技大学 | A kind of annular cutting type walnut shell-breaking device |
| CN109662324A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-04-23 | 曲阜师范大学 | A kind of rub with the hands squeezes formula breaking walnut shell device |
| CN110574935A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2019-12-17 | 石河子大学 | Shell crusher based on pretreated walnuts |
| CN112655984A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-04-16 | 江苏集萃复合材料装备研究所有限公司 | Walnut crushing device and using method thereof |
| CN114391658A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-26 | 塔里木大学 | Walnut shell breaking and kernel taking method and device based on grinding-extrusion synergistic effect |
| CN115251412A (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-11-01 | 塔里木大学 | Walnut shell and kernel separation equipment based on extrusion method shell breaking method |
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2018
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108865409A (en) * | 2018-07-21 | 2018-11-23 | 海南大学 | A kind of oil palm fruit shell millerator |
| CN109619600A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-04-16 | 河南科技大学 | A kind of annular cutting type walnut shell-breaking device |
| CN109619600B (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2024-03-22 | 河南科技大学 | Circular cutting type walnut shell breaking device |
| CN109662324A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-04-23 | 曲阜师范大学 | A kind of rub with the hands squeezes formula breaking walnut shell device |
| CN110574935A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2019-12-17 | 石河子大学 | Shell crusher based on pretreated walnuts |
| CN110574935B (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2022-01-18 | 石河子大学 | Shell crusher based on pretreated walnuts |
| CN112655984A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-04-16 | 江苏集萃复合材料装备研究所有限公司 | Walnut crushing device and using method thereof |
| CN112655984B (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2022-07-22 | 江苏集萃复合材料装备研究所有限公司 | Walnut crushing device and using method thereof |
| CN114391658A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-26 | 塔里木大学 | Walnut shell breaking and kernel taking method and device based on grinding-extrusion synergistic effect |
| CN114391658B (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2023-08-04 | 塔里木大学 | Walnut shell breaking and kernel taking method and device based on grinding-extrusion synergistic effect |
| CN115251412A (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-11-01 | 塔里木大学 | Walnut shell and kernel separation equipment based on extrusion method shell breaking method |
| CN115251412B (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2023-12-12 | 塔里木大学 | Walnut shell and kernel separation equipment based on extrusion method and shell breaking method |
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