CN102326853A - Sword bean sheller and sword bean shelling method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a sword bean shelling machine and a sword bean shelling method thereof. The sword bean shelling machine includes a frame, a feeding hopper, a vibrating bed, a vibration driving mechanism, a pair of clamping rolls, and a pair of shelling rolls , roll bearing housing, roll box, transmission mechanism, main motor, cleaning comb, separation screen and receiving box, the vibrating bed is fixed on the frame, and the feed hopper and roll box are respectively fixed on the head of the vibrating bed end and tail end; the pair of clamping rolls and the pair of shelling rolls are connected on the roll bearing housing and connected with the transmission mechanism; the pair of clamping rolls is provided with a clamping port, the pair of shelling rolls is provided with a shelling chamber, and the bed is vibrated The upper surface of the upper surface, the center line of the clamping mouth, and the center line of the shelling chamber are on the same horizontal plane; the transmission mechanism is connected with the main motor; the cleaning comb is set on the side of the shelling roller pair; the vibration drive mechanism is connected with the vibrating bed; The separation screen is arranged under the pair of shelling rollers; the receiving box is arranged under the separation screen. The invention has high shelling rate and low labor intensity.

Description

Sword bean shelling machine and sword bean shelling method thereof

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of food processing machinery, in particular to a sword bean shelling machine and a sword bean shelling method thereof.

Background technique

Sword bean is a cultivated subspecies of the genus Sword Bean of the family Fabaceae. It has a long strip shape and a flat cross section. It is mainly produced in Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Sichuan and other places. When it is mature, the pods are harvested and the seeds are stripped. Usually when the moisture content of sword bean pods drops to a certain level, shelling is carried out. At this time, the pod shells are hard and tough, so shelling is difficult. At present, this operation is mainly done manually. The efficiency of manual processing is very low, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of production development. The use of mechanical processing can greatly improve the production efficiency while ensuring the shelling rate. With the increasing demand for sword beans in the market, it is imminent to implement the mechanization of shelling.

There are many shelling equipment for peanuts, chestnuts, edamame and walnuts, and the functions and technologies are becoming more and more perfect. According to the classification of shelling methods, the existing shelling processing equipment can be divided into: rolling method, impact method, shearing method and extrusion method. Grinding and shelling, that is, with the help of the surface friction between the grinding discs, grinding the pods to promote the separation of shells and kernels, the shelling efficiency is high, and it requires the processing object to have a low moisture content, and the grains and shells have a certain hardness; impact shelling, That is, with the help of the centrifugal force of the throwing tray, the pods hit the wall board at high speed, so that the shell is deformed and broken under the impact force; shearing and shelling, that is, the shell is broken and peeled off by the shearing effect of the sharp surface; extrusion shelling, The grains and pods are separated by extrusion of a pair of cylindrical rollers.

Existing bean shelling machines basically use the extrusion method for shelling. The working principle is: through a pair of circular rubber rollers with a certain distance, they rotate at the same speed and squeeze the bean shells. The gap between the rollers is small, and the thick drum part in the middle of the pod is difficult to pass through. The grains in the pod are squeezed by the shaft roller and move relative to the pod shell. , the pod shell is released from the other side through the gap between the rollers.

Due to the differences in shell size, shape and material properties of different varieties of sword beans, it is particularly important to select suitable shelling methods and shelling equipment to improve the shelling rate and reduce the broken kernel rate. According to the physical properties of the sword bean pods, although the sword bean seeds are arranged obliquely and longitudinally in the shell and there are certain gaps between the seeds, the shell of the dried bean pods is relatively tough, and the outer layer of the seeds in the pods is covered with fleece, which has certain adhesion. The shell binding force is relatively tight, and it is difficult for the grain to move and open the pod shell when the surface is vertically squeezed by an external force, so the existing extrusion shelling technology is not suitable for the shelling of sword beans. Although there are many processing methods and types of equipment in the existing shelling machines, and the technology is developing rapidly, there is still a shortage of suitable sword bean shelling machines, which hinders the industrial development of sword bean deep processing. It is necessary to explore suitable shelling methods and mechanisms. An important way to solve the existing problems of sword bean shelling.

Contents of the invention

The main purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, and provide a sword bean shelling machine with simple and reasonable structure, high shelling rate and low labor intensity.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a sword bean shelling method realized by the above sword bean shelling machine.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a sword bean shelling machine, comprising a frame, a feed hopper, a vibrating bed, a vibrating drive mechanism, a pair of clamping rolls, a pair of shelling rolls, and a roll bearing seat , roll box, transmission mechanism, main motor, cleaning comb, separation screen and receiving box, the vibrating bed is fixed on the frame, the feed hopper is fixed on the head end of the vibrating bed, and the roll box is fixed on The tail end of the bed is vibrated, and the roll bearing seat is placed in the roll box; the clamping roll pair and the shelling roll pair are connected to the roll bearing seat in sequence from left to right, and are connected with the transmission mechanism to form the shelling work together. mechanism, the shell of the shelling working mechanism is a roll box; the clamping roll pair is provided with a clamping opening, and the shelling roll pair is provided with a shelling chamber, and the upper surface of the vibrating bed and the center of the clamping opening line, the centerline of the shelling chamber are on the same horizontal plane, and the center distance between the shelling roll pair and the clamping roll pair is preferably 150 mm to 200 mm; the transmission mechanism is connected with the main motor; the cleaning comb is fixed on the roll box On the right inner wall of the body (that is, in the shell of the shelling working mechanism), and is arranged on the side of the shelling roll pair; the vibration drive mechanism is connected with the vibrating bed; the separation screen is arranged on the side of the shelling roll pair It is connected to the vibrating bed through a fixed frame; the receiving box is set under the separation screen, and the left, right and bottom sides of the roll box are respectively equipped with clamping ports, shelling chambers, and separation screens. corresponding opening.

The vibrating bed supported by the frame is responsible for the pod-guided feeding function, one end is connected to the feeding hopper, and the other end is connected to the pair of clamping rollers.

The clamping roller pair includes clamping driving rollers and clamping driven rollers arranged in the same vertical direction, the clamping driving rollers are arranged above the clamping driven rollers, and the clamping driving rollers and the clamping driven rollers The gap between the rollers forms said nip;

The shelling roll pair comprises a shelling driving roll and a shelling driven roll arranged in the same vertical direction, the shelling driving roll is arranged above the shelling driven roll, and the shelling driving roll and the shelling driven roll The gap between the rollers forms the shelling chamber.

The surface of the shelling driving roller and the surface of the shelling driven roller are all provided with gear teeth and tooth grooves, and the gear tooth tops of the shelling driving roller are relatively arranged with the tooth grooves of the shelling driven roller; The cavity is the gap between the tooth crest of the shelling driving roll and the tooth groove of the shelling driven roll.

The gap size between the tooth top of the shelling driving roller and the tooth groove of the shelling driven roller is 2～3mm larger than the thickness of the processed sword bean kernel (that is, it is larger than the thickness of the processed sword beans kernel. The minor axis length of the ellipsoidal cross-section is 2-3 mm larger).

The size of the gap between the clamping driving roller and the clamping driven roller is preferably 10 mm to 15 mm.

The cleaning comb is a comb-like structure with upper and lower layers, and is parallel to the vertical center line of the shelling roller pair. Specifically: the cleaning comb includes an upper comb rack, a lower comb rack, an upper comb rack vertically connected to the upper comb rack and a lower comb rack vertically connected to the lower comb rack, the upper comb rack and the lower comb rack They are respectively fixed on the right side inner wall of the roll casing parallel to the central axis of the shelling driving roll and the central axis of the shelling driven roll; And each upper comb tooth bar and each tooth groove of the shelling driving roller are oppositely arranged respectively; The tooth grooves of the rollers are arranged opposite to each other.

The vibrating bed is longitudinally divided into parallel interval conveying arrangements with V-shaped guide grooves, and the design of the V-shaped guide grooves is used to ensure that the pods are sent into the clamping rollers in a manner perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to the axis of the shaft and rollers. right. Specifically, several feeding guide grooves are arranged on the vibrating bed, and the tail ends of the feeding guide grooves are connected with the clamping opening; the cross-sectional shape of the feeding guide grooves is V-shaped.

The vibration driving mechanism includes a vibration motor and a vibration damping spring, the vibration motor is connected under the vibrating bed, and the vibration damping spring is connected under the two ends of the vibrating bed.

The transmission mechanism includes a two-stage parallel output shaft mechanism, a double-belt reduction transmission mechanism and a roll gear transmission mechanism. The main motor is connected with the motor reduction mechanism, and the output shaft of the motor reduction mechanism is equipped with a driving transmission gear, which is engaged with the external gear of the driven transmission gear of the driven shaft installed on the driven shaft mounting seat of the frame, forming two stages together. Parallel output shaft mechanism, the driving transmission gear on the output shaft and the driven transmission gear on the driven shaft rotate in opposite directions at the same speed. The output shaft and the driven shaft of the two-stage parallel output shaft mechanism are respectively connected with the shelling driving roller and the shelling driven roller of the shelling roll pair through belt deceleration transmission, forming a double belt deceleration transmission form, which can further realize the deceleration of the motor power Transmission, the selection of the reduction ratio of the two sets of belts is the same, and the reduction ratio range is 1.5 to 3.5. Since the pair of shelling rolls is in a vertical layout, in order to avoid the spatial position interference of the pair of belts of the double-belt reduction mechanism, the pair of belts should not be on the same plane. Structurally, the driven shaft installed on the frame can rotate around the output shaft of the reduction mechanism. By changing the spatial angle position of the driven shaft on the frame, the shelling relationship between the driven shaft and the shelling roll pair can be changed. The tension of the belt between the driven rollers, and then the size of the cogging gap between the shelling driving roll and the shelling driven roll can be changed by adjusting the position of the shelling roll to the bearing seat. The roll gear transmission mechanism includes the meshing gear pair of the clamping driving roller of the clamping roller pair and the clamping driven roller, the meshing gear pair of the shelling driving roller of the shelling roller pair and the clamping driving roller of the clamping roller pair, Both adopt external gear meshing transmission mode. Specifically:

The transmission mechanism includes a motor reduction mechanism, a driving transmission gear, a driven transmission gear, a driven shaft, a driven shaft mounting seat, a shelling driving roller driving pulley, a shelling driven roller driving pulley, a shelling driving roller driving gear, The driving gear of the clamping driving roller and the driving gear of the clamping driven roller are connected. The main motor is connected with the motor reduction mechanism. The output shaft of the motor reduction mechanism is connected with the driving transmission gear. The gear and the driven shaft are matched and connected, the driven shaft is connected to the driven shaft mounting seat, and the driven shaft mounting seat is connected to the frame; the output shaft of the motor reduction mechanism is connected to the driving pulley of the shelling driving roller through the transmission belt, and the shelling The driving gear of the driving roller is meshed with the driving gear of the clamping driving roller, and the driving gear of the clamping driving roller is meshed with the driving gear of the clamping driven roller; the driven shaft is connected with the driving pulley of the shelling driven roller through a transmission belt; The driving pulley of the shelling driving roller, the driving gear of the shelling driving roller and the shaft sections on both sides of the shelling driving roller are matched and connected respectively, and the driving pulley of the shelling driven roller is matched with the shaft sections on both sides of the shelling driven roller respectively. Connection, the drive gear of the clamping driving roller is matched and connected with the end shaft section of the clamping driving roller, and the driving gear of the clamping driven roller is matched and connected with the end shaft section of the clamping driven roller.

The clamping roll pair adopts an iron-core rubber cylindrical double-axis roll structure, and the power of the main motor is transmitted to the shelling of the shelling roll pair through the output shaft of the motor reduction mechanism of the transmission mechanism, the transmission belt, and the driving pulley of the shelling roll. The driving roller is driven by the shelling driving roller driving gear of the shelling roller pair through the gear meshing transmission mode to drive the clamping driving roller of the clamping roller pair to rotate, and the clamping roller on the clamping driven roller of the clamping roller pair is driven from The driving roller driving gear is meshed with the clamping driving roller driving gear on the clamping driving roller, so that the clamping driven roller and the clamping driving roller are reversely rotated. The clamping driving roll is arranged above the clamping driven roll, and the gap between the clamping master and slave rolls is realized by adjusting the position of the split bearing seat. The surface of the clamping roller is made of rubber material, and the appropriate hardness and good elasticity are conducive to obtaining the friction force required for clamping and feeding the pods. The rotation speed of the clamping roll pair is slightly higher than that of the shelling roll pair, forming a rotation speed difference to ensure proper clamping and feeding force and speed.

The shelling roll pair adopts a cylindrical aluminum alloy double-axis roll structure, and the power of the main motor is transmitted to the shelling driving roll and the shelling driven roll of the shelling roll pair through a two-stage parallel output shaft mechanism and a double-belt reduction transmission mechanism. Since the driving gear on the output shaft of the two-stage parallel output shaft mechanism and the driven gear on the driven shaft rotate in opposite directions at the same speed, the shelling driving roll and the shelling driven roll of the shelling roll pair are in opposite directions. to the rotating state. The shelling driving roll is arranged above the shelling driven roll, and the center distance between the shelling driving roll and the shelling driven roll is realized by changing the position of the split bearing seat of the shelling driven roll. The change of the position of the split bearing seat of the shelling driven roller will cause the tension of the driving belt of the shelling driven roller to change. In order to ensure sufficient transmission tension, the tension of the driving belt of the shelling driven roller is adjusted The spatial angle position of the driven shaft on the rack is realized. The surface of the shelling roller is designed with a rack structure, the tooth profile angle is 22°, the width of the tooth groove is slightly larger than the length of the minor axis of the elliptical section of the elliptical sword bean kernel by 2 to 3 mm, and the value is 15 to 19 mm, and the width of the tooth top is 15 to 19 mm. 18~22mm, the tooth height is 35~45mm, the material does not use rubber, because the hardness of rubber is too low, it is easy to be rubbed by force, heat and become soft, and wears out too quickly, and the service life is short. The rack on the surface of the roll can adopt a solid aluminum alloy structure. In order to reduce the overall quality of the roll pair, a thin shell structure with a certain thickness can also be used, and the thickness of the shell is not less than 6mm.

The cleaning comb adopts upper and lower comb structures, sword beans with high moisture content are likely to cause the shelling roller to stick to the material in the alveolar part during the shelling process, and the upper comb rack and the lower comb rack are used respectively. For the cleaning of the material stuck to the tooth grooves of the driving roller and the driven roller, the numbers of the upper comb rack and the lower comb rack are respectively the same as the number of teeth grooves of the shelling driving roller and the shelling driven roller.

The sword bean shelling method realized by the above-mentioned sword bean shelling machine comprises the steps:

(1) The vibrating motor and the main motor are powered on respectively, and the vibrating motor drives the vibrating bed to vibrate; the main motor drives the transmission mechanism, and then drives the pair of clamping rolls and the pair of shelling rolls to rotate; the clamping of the pair of clamping rolls The holding driving roll and the clamping driven roll rotate in reverse, and the shelling driving roll and the shelling driven roll of the shelling roll pair rotate in reverse;

(2) Put the processed sword bean pods into the feed hopper, and the sword bean pods enter the feeding guide groove of the vibrating bed along the feed hopper; The feeding guide groove of the body moves horizontally to the clamping opening of the clamping roller pair;

(3) The sword bean pods to be processed enter the clamping mouth, and the clamping driving roller, sword bean pods, and clamping driven rollers contact in turn, and under the rotation of the clamping driving roller and the clamping driven roller, the clamping The driving roller and the clamping driven roller generate frictional force on the sword pods respectively, and move the sword pods clamped forward;

(4) When one end of the sword bean pod is clamped by the pair of clamping rolls, and the other end moves to the shelling cavity of the pair of shelling rolls, the rotation of the shelling driving roll and the shelling driven roll makes the shelling driving roll The gear teeth and the tooth grooves of the husking driven roller are gradually meshed, and at the same time, a force is applied to the pod shell of the sword bean pod, so that the pod shell of the sword bean pod is separated from the bean kernel, and the shelling process is realized; While the sword bean pods are being shelled, it drives the shelled sword bean pods to move forward;

(5) The sword bean pods after shelling fall into the separation screen below the shelling roller pair; the vibration of the vibrating bed drives the separation screen to vibrate, and under the vibration of the separation screen, the bean kernels of sword bean pods are separated along the The mesh of the sieve falls into the receiving box downwards, and the pod shells of the sword bean pods are left in the separation screen; the shelling of the sword bean is completed.

The working principle of the present invention: when the present invention works, the long and flat sword pods enter the vibrating bed through the feeding hopper, and under the action of the vibrating motor, the vibrating bed reciprocates regularly, prompting the sword pods to evenly fall into the feeding guide groove and move horizontally. The discharge end of the vibrating bed is facing the central symmetrical plane of the clamping roller pair. When the sword pods are conveyed to the discharge end of the vibrating bed longitudinally, they are clamped by the oppositely rotating clamping rollers. Under the action of friction, the pods It is moved forward by the clamping roll pair and then fed into the gap (hulling chamber) between the tooth and the tooth groove that the shelling roll pair will engage. The linear velocity of the clamping roller pair is greater than the rotational linear velocity of the shelling roller pair. When one end of the sword bean pod has entered the shelling roller pair and the other end has not yet left the clamping roller pair, the shelling roller pair is driven by the main motor to rotate. The gear teeth and the tooth grooves are gradually meshed. One end of the sword pod shell is pulled, squeezed and rubbed by the shelling roller pair, and the other end is pushed forward at a faster speed by the clamped roller pair, which plays a role in stable clamping and feeding and acceleration. The afterburner facilitates the separation of the two pod shells of sword bean.

The shelling cavity of the shelling roll pair is formed by the space between the shelling driving roll and the shelling driven roll meshing tooth tops, tooth grooves and tooth profile surfaces of the rack pair. Even if the shelling driving roll and the shelling driven roll of the shelling roll pair rotate relatively at the same speed, the respective linear speeds of the tooth top and the tooth groove of the shelling driving roll and the shelling driven roll meshing rack pair are different , There are also differences in the linear speeds of the respective tooth profiles of the rack pairs, so that the sword bean pods in the shelling chamber are not only squeezed but also subjected to shear force, which can make the pod shells tear faster. Since there is a speed difference between the tooth top and the tooth groove of the meshing rack pair, it can be regarded as that the side of the pod shell near the tooth groove is relatively static, and the friction between the tooth groove, the tooth profile surface on the side of the tooth groove and the pod shell will prevent the pod from going downward. Movement, so that the friction between the pods and the intermeshing addendum and tooth groove, the tooth profile surface on the tooth top side and the tooth surface on the tooth alveolar side form a pair of shearing forces. The linear speed difference increases, the shearing effect increases, and the shelling rate increases. It is difficult to hustle sword beans, and a larger line speed difference can be used, but in order to prevent damage to the beans, the line speed difference should not be too large. If the master and slave rolls rotate relatively at different speeds, that is, there is a speed difference, and at this time, the respective linear speed differences between the tooth tops and tooth grooves of the meshing rack pair will further increase.

The shelling roll pair adopts knurling treatment on the tooth top surface, the tooth profile surface and the tooth groove surface to increase the roughness, increase the surface friction coefficient between the sword bean shell and the roll, and maintain a more suitable tearing force, improve Efficiency and success rate of bean peeling. In order to ensure that the bean kernels are not squeezed and deformed during the husking process, the minimum gap between the tooth tops and the tooth grooves of the rack pair of the husking roller pair in this embodiment after meshing should not be less than the maximum diameter of the processed sword beans. Adjusting the center distance of the shelling roller pair can adjust the minimum gap between the tooth top and the tooth groove of the rack pair, and then adapt to the processing of different varieties of sword beans. After shelling and separation, the pod shells and grains fall vertically into the separation screen along the alveolar gap of the shelling roller pair, and the grains pass through the vibration of the separation screen and leak down to the receiving box along the mesh holes. The separation screen is separated by vibration.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

1. High shelling rate: According to the physical characteristics of sword bean shelling, the pushing method is used for shelling, which is different from the traditional extrusion method. It can completely achieve the effect of clean separation of shell and kernel, and the success rate of peeling beans is high. .

2. Strong adaptability: The center distance of the shelling roller pair is adjustable, and the meshing rack pair also adopts a wide-toothed size design, which can adapt to the shelling process of pods of different varieties, shapes and geometric sizes. The material feeding is scientific, Strong adaptability and good versatility.

3. Low breakage rate and damage rate: The surface of the shelling roller adopts the design of meshing racks, which can realize the effective combination of pushing, rubbing, squeezing and other movement modes, and can effectively control the breakage rate and damage rate of grains during the shelling process , can be popularized for shelling seeds and nuts for long-term storage.

4. Low labor intensity: With the mechanized shelling method, the labor productivity of bean peeling processing is significantly improved, and the labor intensity of workers is greatly reduced.

5. Good market feasibility: simple and practical mechanism, low cost, low manufacturing process requirements and convenient maintenance, easy to be accepted by the market, and broad industrial application prospects.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of sword bean hulling machine of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a top view of the sword bean sheller shown in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view at A-A shown in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 4 is a sectional view at B-B shown in Fig. 2 .

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view at C-C shown in Fig. 2 .

Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the pair of shelling rolls shown in Fig. 1 .

FIG. 7 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the point D shown in FIG. 6 .

Fig. 8 is a top view of the cleaning comb shown in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 9 is a left side view of the cleaning comb shown in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 10 is a front view of the transmission mechanism shown in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 11 is a left side view of the transmission mechanism shown in Fig. 1 .

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

Example 1

Fig. 1～Fig. 11 have shown the specific structure schematic diagram of present embodiment, as shown in Fig. 1, this sword bean shelling machine comprises frame 1, feeding hopper 2, vibrating bed 3, vibrating driving mechanism, clamping Roll pair 5, shelling roll pair 6, roll bearing housing, roll box 7, transmission mechanism, main motor 11, cleaning comb 8, separation screen 9 and receiving box 10, vibrating bed 3 fixed on frame 1 , the feed hopper 2 is fixed on the head end of the vibrating bed 3, the roll box 7 is fixed on the tail end of the vibrating bed 3, and the roll bearing seat is placed in the roll box 7; as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the pair of clamping rolls 5 and the pair of shelling rolls 6 are sequentially connected to the roll bearing housings from left to right, and they are all connected with the transmission mechanism to form the shelling working mechanism together. The shell of the shelling working mechanism is the roll box. 7; the clamping roll pair 5 is provided with a clamping opening, and the shelling roll pair 6 is provided with a shelling chamber 16, the upper surface of the vibrating bed 3 (the center line of the feeding guide groove), the center of the clamping opening line, the center line of the shelling chamber 16 is on the same horizontal plane, and the center distance between the shelling roll pair 6 and the clamping roll pair 5 is 150mm; the transmission mechanism is connected with the main motor 11; the cleaning comb 8 is fixed on On the right side inner wall of roll casing 7 (i.e. in the shell of shelling working mechanism), and be arranged on the side of shelling roll pair 6; Described vibrating driving mechanism is connected with vibrating bed 3; Separating screen 9 is located at The shelling roll is below the side of the 6, and is connected with the vibrating bed 3 by a fixed mount; The openings corresponding to the clamping port, the shelling chamber and the separation screen.

The vibrating bed 3 supported by the frame 1 undertakes the pod-guided feeding function, one end is connected to the feed hopper 2, and the other end is connected to the clamping roller pair 5.

The clamping roller pair 5 includes clamping driving rollers and clamping driven rollers arranged on the same vertical direction, clamping driving rollers are arranged on the top of clamping driven rollers, and clamping driving rollers and clamping driven rollers The gap between the moving rollers forms the clamping opening;

Described shelling roll pair 6 comprises the shelling driving roll 14 that is arranged on same vertical direction and the shelling driven roll 15, and shelling driving roll 14 is arranged on the top of shelling driven roll 15, and shelling driving roll 14 and the gap between the shelling driven roller 15 forms the shelling chamber 16.

As shown in Figure 6, the surface of the shelling driving roll 14 and the surface of the shelling driven roll 15 are provided with gear teeth and tooth grooves, and the gear tooth tops of the shelling driving roll 14 are connected with the shelling driven roll 15. The coggings of the dehulling chambers 16 are arranged oppositely; the shelling cavity 16 is the gap between the tooth crests of the dehulling driving roller 14 and the cogging of the dehulling driven roller 15 . During work, as shown in Figure 7, the processed sword pods 13 are clamped and driven into the shelling chamber 16 by the clamping roller pair 5, and the active force is applied to it by the shelling driving roll 14 and the shelling driven roll 15, In order to realize shelling processing.

The shelling driving roll 14 and the shelling driven roll 15 are respectively provided with straight grain knurls 17 .

The gap size between the gear tooth top of the shelling driving roller 14 and the tooth groove of the shelling driven roller 15 is larger than the thickness of the processed sword bean kernel by 2mm (i.e. greater than the processed ellipsoid sword beans. The length of the minor axis of the elliptical section of the kernel is 2mm).

The size of the gap between the clamping driving roller and the clamping driven roller is 10mm.

The cleaning comb is a comb-like structure with upper and lower layers, and is parallel to the vertical center line of the shelling roller pair. Specifically: as shown in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, described cleaning comb comprises upper comb rack 26, upper comb rack 27, lower comb rack 29 and lower comb rack 28, and upper comb rack 26, lower comb rack 28 are connected with comb rack 28 respectively. The central axis of shelling driving roll 14 and the central axis of shelling driven roll 15 are fixed on the right side inner wall of roll case 7 in parallel; Number is identical, and each upper comb tooth bar 27 is vertically connected on the upper comb rack 26, and each upper comb tooth bar 27 and each tooth groove of the shelling driving roller are set oppositely respectively; The number of tooth grooves of the driven roller 15 is the same, and each lower comb tooth bar 29 is vertically connected on the lower comb frame 28, and each lower comb tooth bar 29 is set opposite to each tooth groove of the shelling driven roller.

The vibrating bed 3 is longitudinally divided into parallel and spaced conveying arrangements with V-shaped guide grooves, and the design of the V-shaped guide grooves is used to ensure that the pods are sent into the clamping in a manner perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to the axis of the shaft and roller. Roll pair 5. Specifically: as shown in Figure 2, the vibrating bed 3 is provided with six feed guide grooves 25, and the tail ends of the feed guide grooves 25 are connected to the clamping opening; the cross section of the feed guide groove 25 The shape is V-shaped, as shown in Figure 5.

The number of feeding guide grooves, the cogging and the number of teeth on the shelling driving roller 14, the cogging and the number of teeth on the shelling driven roller 15 are all consistent.

The vibration driving mechanism includes a vibration motor 12 and a vibration damping spring 4 , the vibration motor 12 is connected under the vibrating bed 3 , and the vibration damping spring 4 is connected under the two ends of the vibrating bed 3 .

The transmission mechanism includes a two-stage parallel output shaft mechanism, a double-belt reduction transmission mechanism and a roller gear transmission mechanism. The main motor 11 is connected with the motor reduction mechanism 21, and the output shaft 17 of the motor reduction mechanism 21 is equipped with a driving transmission gear 18, and is installed on the driven transmission gear 20 of the driven shaft 19 on the driven shaft mounting seat of the frame 1. The external gears mesh together to form a two-stage parallel output shaft mechanism. The driving transmission gear 18 on the output shaft 17 and the driven transmission gear 20 on the driven shaft 19 rotate in opposite directions at the same speed. The output shaft 17 and the driven shaft 19 of the two-stage parallel output shaft mechanism are respectively connected with the driving roller and the driven roller of the shelling roll pair 6 through the belt deceleration transmission, forming a double belt deceleration transmission form, which can further realize the deceleration transmission of the motor power , The reduction ratio of the two sets of belts is the same, and the reduction ratio range is 1.5 to 3.5. Since the shelling roller pair 6 is in a vertical layout state, in order to avoid the space position interference of the belt pair of the double-belt reduction mechanism, the belt pair should not be on a plane. Structurally, the driven shaft installed on the frame 1 can rotate around the output shaft of the reduction mechanism, and by changing the spatial angle position of the driven shaft on the frame 1, the pairing of the driven shaft and the shelling roll can be changed. 6. Belt tension between driven rollers. The roll gear transmission mechanism includes the meshing gear pair of the clamping driving roller of the clamping roller pair 5 and the clamping driven roller, the meshing gear of the shelling driving roller of the shelling roller pair 6 and the clamping driving roller of the clamping roller pair 5 Yes, all adopt external gear meshing transmission mode. Specifically:

As shown in Figures 10 and 11, the transmission mechanism includes a motor reduction mechanism 21, a driving transmission gear 18, a driven transmission gear 20, a driven shaft 19, a driven shaft mounting seat 24, a shelling driving roller driving pulley, a shelling Shell driven roller driving pulley, shelling driving roller driving gear 22, clamping driving roller driving gear 23 and clamping driven roller driving gear, main motor 11 is connected with motor reduction mechanism 21, on the output shaft 17 of motor reduction mechanism 21 Sleeve the driving transmission gear 18, the driving transmission gear 18 is meshed with the driven transmission gear 20, the driven transmission gear 20 is connected with the driven shaft 19, the driven shaft 19 is connected to the driven shaft mounting seat 24, and the driven shaft The mounting seat 24 is connected with the frame 1; the output shaft 17 of the motor reduction mechanism 21 is connected with the driving pulley of the shelling driving roller through a transmission belt, and the driving gear 22 of the shelling driving roller is meshed with the driving gear 23 of the clamping driving roller, and the clamping driving The roller driving gear is meshed with the clamping driven roller driving gear; the driven shaft 19 is connected with the shelling driven roller driving pulley through a transmission belt; the shelling driving roller driving pulley, the shelling driving roller driving gear 22 and the shelling The both sides end shaft sections of driving roller 14 are matched and connected respectively, and the both sides end shaft sections of shelling driven roller and shelling driven roller 15 are matched and connected respectively, and the clamping driving roller driving gear 23 is connected with the clamping driving roller. The end shaft sections of the rollers are mated and connected, and the driving gear of the clamping driven roller is mated and connected with the end shaft sections of the clamping driven rollers.

The clamping roll pair 5 adopts an iron-core rubber cylindrical double-axis roll structure, and the power of the main motor 11 is transmitted to the shelling roll pair 6 through the output shaft of the motor reduction mechanism of the transmission mechanism, the transmission belt, and the shelling driving roll drive pulley. The shelling driving roll of the shelling roll pair 6, and the driving gear of the shelling roll pair 6 drives the clamping driving roll of the clamping roll pair 5 to rotate through the gear meshing transmission mode, and the clamping roll pair 5 of the clamping roll pair 5 is driven The clamping driven roller driving gear on the roller is meshed with the clamping driving roller driving gear on the clamping driving roller, so that the clamping driven roller and the clamping driving roller are reversely rotated. The clamping driving roll is arranged above the clamping driven roll, and the gap between the clamping master and slave rolls is realized by adjusting the position of the split bearing seat. The surface of the clamping roller is made of rubber material, and the appropriate hardness and good elasticity are conducive to obtaining the friction force required for clamping and feeding the pods. The rotating speed of clamping roll pair 5 is slightly higher than the rotating speed of shelling roll pair 6, forms the rotating speed difference, to ensure suitable clamping and feeding strength and speed.

The shelling roll pair 6 adopts a cylindrical aluminum alloy double-axis roll structure, and the power of the main motor 11 is transmitted to the shelling driving roll and the shelling roll of the shelling roll pair 6 through a two-stage parallel output shaft mechanism and a double-belt reduction transmission mechanism. Driven roller, because the driving transmission gear on the output shaft of the two-stage parallel output shaft mechanism and the driven transmission gear on the driven shaft rotate in opposite directions at the same speed, so the shelling driving roll of the shelling roll pair 6 and the shelling slave The moving roller is in reverse rotation state. The shelling driving roll is arranged above the shelling driven roll, and the center distance between the shelling driving roll and the shelling driven roll is realized by changing the position of the split bearing seat of the shelling driven roll. The change of the position of the split bearing seat of the shelling driven roller will cause the tension of the driving belt of the shelling driven roller to change. In order to ensure sufficient transmission tension, the tension of the driving belt of the shelling driven roller is adjusted The spatial angle position of the driven shaft on the rack 1 is realized. The surface of the hulling roller adopts a rack structure design, the tooth profile angle is 22°, the width of the tooth groove is slightly larger than the width of sword bean seeds, the value is 15-19mm, the width of the tooth top is 18-22mm, and the tooth height is 35-35mm 45mm, the material does not use rubber, because the hardness of the rubber is too low, it is easy to be rubbed by force, heat and soften, and wears out too quickly, and the service life is short. The surface rack of the shelling roll pair can be made of solid aluminum alloy. In order to reduce the overall quality of the roll pair, a thin shell structure with a certain thickness can also be used, and the thickness of the shell is not less than 6mm.

The cleaning comb 8 adopts an upper and lower comb structure, and sword beans with a high moisture content are likely to cause the shelling roller to stick to the material at the 6 tooth grooves during the shelling process, and the upper comb rack and the lower comb rack They are respectively used for cleaning the materials stuck on the tooth grooves of the shelling driving roller and the shelling driven roller. same amount.

The sword bean shelling method realized by the above-mentioned sword bean shelling machine comprises the steps:

(1) vibrating motor 12, main motor 11 are powered on respectively, and vibrating motor 12 drives the vibrating bed 3 to vibrate; main motor 11 drives the transmission mechanism, and then drives the clamping roll pair 5 and the shelling roll pair 6 to rotate; The clamping driving roll and the clamping driven roll of the clamping roll pair 5 rotate in reverse, and the shelling driving roll 14 and the shelling driven roll 15 of the shelling roll pair 6 rotate in reverse;

(2) Put the processed sword bean pods 13 into the feed hopper 2, and the sword bean pods 13 enter the feeding guide groove of the vibrating bed 3 along the feed hopper 2; under the vibration of the vibrating bed 3, processed The sword pods 13 move horizontally along the feeding guide groove of the vibrating bed 3 to the clamping opening of the clamping roller pair 5;

(3) The sword bean pod 13 to be processed enters the clamping mouth, and the clamping driving roller, the sword bean pod 13, and the clamping driven roller contact in turn, and under the rotation of the clamping driving roller and the clamping driven roller, The clamping driving roller and the clamping driven roller respectively generate frictional forces on the sword pods 13, and clamp and move the sword pods 13 forward;

(4) As shown in Figure 4, when one end of the sword bean pod 13 is clamped by the clamping roll pair 5, and the other end moves to the shelling cavity 16 place of the shelling roll pair 6, the shelling driving roll 14 and shelling The rotation of driven roller 15 makes the gear tooth of shelling driving roller 14 mesh with the tooth groove of shelling driven roller 15 gradually, and simultaneously applies active force to the shell of sword bean pod 13, so that the shell of sword bean pod 13 and sword bean Separation to realize its shelling process; the shelling roll pair 6 drives the shelled sword pods 13 to move forward while the sword pods 13 are being shelled;

(5) sword bean pods 13 after shelling fall into the separation screen 9 below the shelling roller pair 6; the vibration of the vibrating bed 3 drives the separation screen 9 to vibrate, and under the vibration of the separation screen 9, the sword The bean kernel of pod 13 falls in the material receiving box 10 downwards along the mesh of separating screen 9, and the pod shell of sword bean pod 13 then stays in separating screen 9; Complete the shelling of sword bean.

The working principle of this embodiment: when working, the long and flat sword pods enter the vibrating bed 3 through the feed hopper 2, and under the action of the vibrating motor 12, the vibrating bed 3 reciprocates regularly, impelling the sword pods to fall into the vibrating bed evenly. Feed guide chute and move horizontally. The discharge end of the vibrating bed 3 is facing the central symmetrical plane of the clamping roller pair 5. When the pods are conveyed longitudinally to the discharging end of the vibrating bed 3, they are clamped by the oppositely rotating clamping roller pair 5. Bean pod moves forward by clamping roll pair 5 under action, is fed into the gap (hulling cavity 16) between the gear tooth that shelling roll pair 6 will engage and the tooth groove subsequently. The linear velocity of the clamping roller pair 5 is greater than the linear velocity of the shelling roller pair 6. When one end of the pod has entered the shelling roller pair 6 and the other end has not yet left the clamping roller pair 5, the shelling is driven by the main motor 11 The roller pair 6 rotates so that the gear teeth and the tooth grooves are gradually meshed. One end of the shell of the pod is pulled, squeezed, and rubbed by the shelling roller pair 6, and the other end is pushed forward by the clamped roller pair 5 at a faster speed. Stable clamping and feeding and accelerated force action facilitate the separation of the two pod shells of sword bean.

The shelling chamber 16 of the shelling roll pair 6 is formed by the space between the tooth crest, the tooth groove and the tooth profile surface of the master-slave roll meshing rack pair. Even if the master and slave rolls of the shelling roll pair 6 rotate relatively at the same speed, because the respective linear speeds of the tooth tops and tooth grooves of the master and slave rolls mesh with the rack pair are different, the respective tooth profile surface speeds of the rack pair also exist. difference, so that the pods in the shelling cavity 16 are also subjected to shear force except being extruded, so that the pod shells can be torn faster. Since there is a speed difference between the tooth top and the tooth groove of the meshing rack pair, it can be regarded as that the side of the pod shell near the tooth groove is relatively static, and the friction between the tooth groove, the tooth profile surface on the side of the tooth groove and the pod shell will prevent the pod from going downward. Movement, so that the friction between the pods and the intermeshing addendum and tooth groove, the tooth profile surface on the tooth top side and the tooth surface on the tooth alveolar side form a pair of shearing forces. The linear speed difference increases, the shearing effect increases, and the shelling rate increases. It is difficult to hustle sword beans, and a larger line speed difference can be used, but in order to prevent damage to the beans, the line speed difference should not be too large. If the master and slave rolls rotate relatively at different speeds, that is, there is a speed difference, and at this time, the respective linear speed differences between the tooth tops and tooth grooves of the meshing rack pair will further increase.

The shelling roller pair 6 adopts knurling treatment on tooth top surface, tooth profile surface and tooth groove surface to improve roughness, increase the surface friction coefficient between bean hulls and rolls, to maintain a more suitable tearing force, improve Efficiency and success rate of bean peeling. In order to ensure that the bean kernels are not squeezed and deformed during the shelling process, the minimum gap between the tooth tops and the tooth grooves of the rack pair of the shelling roller pair 6 in this embodiment after meshing should not be smaller than the maximum diameter of the processed sword beans . Adjusting the center distance of the shelling roller pair 6 can adjust the minimum gap between the tooth top and the tooth groove of the rack pair, and then adapt to the processing of different varieties of sword beans. After shelling and separation, the pod shells and grains fall vertically into the separation screen 9 along the alveolar gap of the shelling roller pair 6, and the grains pass through the vibration of the separation screen 9 and leak down to the receiving box 10 along the mesh, and the sword pods The pod shell of 13 is separated with the vibration of separating screen cloth 9.

Example 2

This embodiment has the same structural features as Embodiment 1 except for the following features: the center distance between the shelling roll pair and the clamping roll pair is 200 mm; the clamping driving roll and the clamping driven roll The size of the gap is 15mm; the size of the gap between the tooth crests of the husking driving roller and the tooth grooves of the husking driven roller is 3mm larger than the thickness of the processed sword bean kernels.

Example 3

This embodiment has the same structural features as Embodiment 1 except for the following features: the center distance between the shelling roll pair and the clamping roll pair is 180 mm; The size of the gap is 12 mm; the gap between the tooth tops of the husking driving roller and the tooth grooves of the husking driven roller is 2.5 mm larger than the thickness of the processed sword bean kernels.

The above-mentioned embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiment, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, Simplifications should be equivalent replacement methods, and all are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A sword bean shelling machine, characterized in that it comprises a frame, a feed hopper, a vibrating bed, a vibrating drive mechanism, a pair of clamping rolls, a pair of shelling rolls, a roll bearing seat, a roll box, and a transmission mechanism , main motor, cleaning comb, separation screen and receiving box, the vibrating bed is fixed on the frame, the feed hopper is fixed on the head end of the vibrating bed, the roll box is fixed on the tail end of the vibrating bed, And the roll bearing seat is placed in the roll box; the clamping roll pair and the shelling roll pair are sequentially connected to the roll bearing housing from left to right, and are all connected to the transmission mechanism; the clamping roll pair is provided with a clamping port, The shelling roller pair is provided with a shelling chamber, the upper surface of the vibrating bed, the centerline of the clamping mouth, and the centerline of the shelling chamber are on the same horizontal plane; the transmission mechanism is connected with the main motor; the cleaning comb is fixed on On the inner wall of the right side of the roll box body, it is arranged on the side of the shelling roll pair; the vibration drive mechanism is connected with the vibrating bed; The vibrating bed is connected; the receiving box is set under the separation screen, and the left, right and bottom sides of the roll box are respectively provided with openings corresponding to the clamping port, the shelling chamber and the separation screen. 2. Sword bean hulling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pair of clamping rolls comprises a clamping driving roller and a clamping driven roller arranged in the same vertical direction, and the clamping driving roller is set to above the clamping driven roller, and the gap between the clamping driving roller and the clamping driven roller forms the clamping opening; The shelling roll pair comprises a shelling driving roll and a shelling driven roll arranged in the same vertical direction, the shelling driving roll is arranged above the shelling driven roll, and the shelling driving roll and the shelling driven roll The gap between the rollers forms the shelling chamber. 3. sword bean shelling machine according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the surface of described shelling driving roll, the surface of shelling driven roll is all provided with gear tooth and tooth groove, and the wheel of shelling driving roll Tooth crests are arranged opposite to the tooth grooves of the shelling driven roller; the shelling cavity is the gap between the tooth crests of the shelling driving roller and the tooth grooves of the shelling driven roller. 4. The sword bean shelling machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: the gap size between the tooth crest of the husking driving roller and the tooth groove of the husking driven roller is smaller than that of the processed sword bean. The thickness of the bean kernel is 2-3mm larger. 5. Sword bean hulling machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: said cleaning comb comprises an upper comb frame, a lower comb frame and an upper comb tooth bar vertically connected on the upper comb frame and a vertically connected bottom comb frame. The lower comb rack on the comb rack, the upper comb rack and the lower comb rack are respectively fixed on the right inner wall of the roll box parallel to the central axis of the shelling driving roll and the central axis of the shelling driven roll; The number of the bars is the same as the number of the tooth grooves of the shelling driving roller, and each upper comb tooth bar is set opposite to each tooth groove of the shelling driving roller; The number of slots is the same, and each lower comb tooth bar and each tooth slot of the husking driven roller are oppositely arranged respectively. 6. The sword bean shelling machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: the vibrating bed is provided with several feeding guide grooves, and the tail ends of the feeding guide grooves are connected with the clamping opening. 7. The sword bean sheller according to claim 6, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the feeding guide groove is V-shaped. 8. The sword bean shelling machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: the vibration driving mechanism includes a vibration motor and a vibration damping spring, the vibration motor is connected to the bottom of the vibration bed, and the vibration damping spring is connected to the vibration Below the ends of the bed. 9. The sword bean shelling machine according to claim 8, characterized in that: the transmission mechanism includes a motor reduction mechanism, a driving transmission gear, a driven transmission gear, a driven shaft, a driven shaft mounting seat, and a driving mechanism for shelling. Roller driving pulley, husking driven roller driving pulley, husking driving roller driving gear, clamping driving roller driving gear and clamping driven roller driving gear, the main motor is connected with the motor reduction mechanism, and the output shaft of the motor reduction mechanism is covered Connect the driving transmission gear, the driving transmission gear and the driven transmission gear are engaged and connected, the driven transmission gear and the driven shaft are matched and socketed, the driven shaft is connected on the driven shaft mounting seat, and the driven shaft mounting seat and the frame Connection; the output shaft of the motor reduction mechanism is connected with the driving pulley of the shelling driving roller through the transmission belt, the driving gear of the shelling driving roller is meshed with the driving gear of the clamping driving roller, and the driving gear of the clamping driving roller is connected with the driving gear of the clamping driven roller meshing connection; the driven shaft is connected with the shelling driven roller drive pulley through the transmission belt; the shelling driving roller driving pulley, the shelling driving roller driving gear and the end shaft section of the shelling driving roller are respectively matched and connected, and the shelling The driving pulley of the driven roller is connected with the end shaft section of the shelling driven roller respectively; The shaft section at the end of the moving roller is matched and connected. 10. the sword bean shelling method realized by the sword bean shelling machine described in claim 9, is characterized in that, comprises the steps: (1) The vibrating motor and the main motor are powered on respectively, and the vibrating motor drives the vibrating bed to vibrate; the main motor drives the transmission mechanism, and then drives the pair of clamping rolls and the pair of shelling rolls to rotate; the clamping of the pair of clamping rolls The holding driving roll and the clamping driven roll rotate in reverse, and the shelling driving roll and the shelling driven roll of the shelling roll pair rotate in reverse; (2) Put the processed sword bean pods into the feed hopper, and the sword bean pods enter the feeding guide groove of the vibrating bed along the feed hopper; The feeding guide groove of the body moves horizontally to the clamping opening of the clamping roller pair; (3) The sword bean pods to be processed enter the clamping mouth, and the clamping driving roller, sword bean pods, and clamping driven rollers contact in turn, and under the rotation of the clamping driving roller and the clamping driven roller, the clamping The driving roller and the clamping driven roller generate frictional force on the sword pods respectively, and move the sword pods clamped forward; (4) When one end of the sword bean pod is clamped by the pair of clamping rolls, and the other end moves to the shelling cavity of the pair of shelling rolls, the rotation of the shelling driving roll and the shelling driven roll makes the shelling driving roll The gear teeth and the tooth grooves of the husking driven roller are gradually meshed, and at the same time, a force is applied to the pod shell of the sword bean pod, so that the pod shell of the sword bean pod is separated from the bean kernel, and the shelling process is realized; While the sword bean pods are being shelled, it drives the shelled sword bean pods to move forward; (5) The sword bean pods after shelling fall into the separation screen below the shelling roller pair; the vibration of the vibrating bed drives the separation screen to vibrate, and under the vibration of the separation screen, the bean kernels of sword bean pods are separated along the The mesh of the sieve falls into the receiving box downwards, and the pod shells of the sword bean pods are left in the separation screen; the shelling of the sword bean is completed.

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