CN104186461A - Preparation method of edible fungus specimen - Google Patents
Preparation method of edible fungus specimen Download PDFInfo
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- CN104186461A CN104186461A CN201410408360.5A CN201410408360A CN104186461A CN 104186461 A CN104186461 A CN 104186461A CN 201410408360 A CN201410408360 A CN 201410408360A CN 104186461 A CN104186461 A CN 104186461A
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- edible fungus
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- fungus specimen
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of an edible fungus specimen. The preparation method comprises steps of preprocessing, drying and post-processing, and specifically comprises the following steps: collecting a fresh edible fungus specimen free from damage and diseases and insect pests, cleaning, airing and preprocessing; drying the preprocessed edible fungus until the water content is 12%-14%; sealing the dried edible fungus in a plastic bag, and freezing the sealed edible fungus in a low-temperature refrigerator at -20 to -40 DEG C for 15-20 days to achieve a purpose of killing worm eggs; adding the frozen edible fungus to a specimen box, and adding a preservative, a drying agent, etc.; implementing nuclear radiation treatment; and preserving in a warehouse. By improving such technical methods as drying the specimen, killing worms and sterilizing, the preparation method disclosed by the invention achieves purposes of short drying time, high edible fungus shape and color reduction degree, good effect of removing worm eggs in the edible fungus and long specimen preservation time.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to preparation of specimen's technical field, be specifically related to a kind of preparation method of edible fungus specimen.
Background technology
Edible mushroom is exactly to supply the edible macro fungi of the mankind, is exactly specifically edible gill fungus bacterium; Gill fungus bacterium, refers to the general name of the higher fungi that can form large-scale meat (colloid) fruit body or sclerotium tissue.The fungi being described in the world reaches more than 120,000 to be planted, and can form more than 6000 kinds that reach of large-scale fruit body or sclerotium tissue, can be edible have more than 2000 kinds, large area is tame only has 40～50 kinds for energy.Edible mushroom belongs to mycota in classification, and the overwhelming majority belongs to Basidiomycota (as flat mushroom, mushroom), and minority belongs to Ascomycota (as hickory chick).Edible fungi of china resource is very abundant, according to fourth of the twelve Earthly Branches morning mist (1988) statistics, and approximately 657 kinds of the known edible mushrooms of China, they belong to 41Ge section, 132 genus, 620 kinds of basidiomycetes (accounting for 94.4%) wherein, 39 kinds, sac fungi (accounting for 5.6%).Within 2000, the Chinese edible mushroom of statistics reaches 938 kinds, and tame more than 50 plant.Up-to-date statistics now, in 966 kinds of state-owned edible mushrooms, account for 45% of known 2166 kinds of the world.
Edible mushroom water content is large, easily rotten, easily infested, and in sample disposal, preservation, tool acquires a certain degree of difficulty.At present edible fungus specimen drying means has: natural seasoning (dry in the place that sample is placed on to aeration-drying, or put in the sun and be exposed to the sun, and affected by weather condition, needs the time long, inapplicable to short-term field study); Oven drying method (by charcoal fire, electric dry oven, baking box, freeze-day with constant temperature), mainly carries out the dry processing of heated baking according to the size of sample, quality, quantity, and sample craping deform is serious, color is difficult for keeping; Absorbent drying method, because edible mushroom moisture is large, often dry speed is less than the rotten speed of fruit body itself.And in fruit body of edible fungi, the difficult phenomenon of going mouldy of thoroughly removing, get damp again of worm's ovum is given prominence to.Therefore, developing a kind of edible fungus specimen preparation method that can address the above problem is very important.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of edible fungus specimen.
The present invention includes pretreatment, dry, freezing, irradiation, preservation steps, specifically comprise:
A, gather fresh, without damaged, without the edible fungus specimen of damage by disease and insect, after surface cleaning, in shady and cool ventilation place, naturally dry;
B, edible mushroom after pretreatment is dried to water content 12 ~ 14%;
C, dried edible fungus specimen are put in plastic sack and seal, and are then placed in-20 ~-40 ℃ of freezing preservation 15 ~ 20d of low temperature refrigerator, kill the worm's ovum being contained in fruit body;
D, put into Riker mount, then add preservative and desiccant etc.;
E, together with Riker mount, carry out sterilization treatment, kill harmful fungoid and bacterium in sample;
F, warehouse-in preservation.
The present invention is by the improvement to dry, the preservation technology method of sample, reach the requirement that drying time is short, arrive fast moisture content 12 ~ 14%, keep the original shape of edible mushroom and color, effectively dispel edible mushroom intension polypide, keep resource vitality, hereditary capacity, good structural state and cell nucleus, extend the preservation time.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is process flow diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further illustrated, but never in any form the present invention is limited, and any conversion or the replacement based on training centre of the present invention, done, all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
The preparation method of edible fungus specimen of the present invention, comprises pretreatment, dry, freezing, irradiation, preservation steps, specifically comprises:
A, gather fresh, without damaged, without the edible fungus specimen of damage by disease and insect, after surface cleaning, in shady and cool ventilation place, naturally dry;
B, edible mushroom after pretreatment is dried to water content 12 ~ 14%;
C, dried edible fungus specimen are put in plastic sack and seal, and are then placed in-20 ~-40 ℃ of freezing preservation 15 ~ 20d of low temperature refrigerator, kill the worm's ovum being contained in fruit body;
D, put into Riker mount, then add preservative and desiccant etc.;
E, together with Riker mount, carry out sterilization treatment, kill harmful fungoid and bacterium in sample;
F, warehouse-in preservation.
Described edible mushroom is macro fungi.
Described edible mushroom is a kind of of Morchellaceae, saddle Cordycepps, Tuberaceae, Auriculariaceae, Tremellaceae, coral Cordycepps, Ramaria stricta section, chicken fat Cordycepps, hedgehog hydnum Cordycepps, silk ball Cordycepps, Boletaceae, Russulaceae, schizophyllum commune section, Pleurotaceae, Tricholomataceae, Guang Bing mushroom section, Agaricus edibilis, Phallaceae, Lycoperdaceae.
Being dried as toasting dry or heated-air drying described in B step.
Described baking is dry be by edible mushroom in humidity lower than 45% time 8 ~ 12h that dries in the air, then by normal temperature, with the speed of 2 ~ 5 ℃/min, be warming up to 50 ~ 60 ℃ and carry out freeze-day with constant temperature 3 ~ 6h to water content 12 ~ 14%.
Described heated-air drying is that edible mushroom integral body is positioned in 45 ~ 55 ℃ of hot blast environment and is dried to water content 12 ~ 14%.
Sample described in C step need to be put into-20 ~-40 ℃ of refrigerator low-temperature insecticidals.
In Riker mount described in D step, also add preservative and desiccant to prevent spider beetle moth and the moisture absorption.
Sterilizing described in E step is irradiation sterilization.
Preservation described in F step is the dustproof preservation of lucifuge.
Described preservation is cryogenic freezing preservation or ultralow temperature preservation.
embodiment 1
This example adopts wild-type champignon fruit body as implementing material.
A, select fresh, shape is good, the mushroom of anosis insect bite evil is individual, removes mushroom fruiting body surface impurity, suitably removes mushroom foot section matrix; New fresh sporophore is placed on to cool place, dry, ventilation, and ambient humidity is 40%RH, dries surface moisture, and the duration is 4h;
B, fruit body is put in hot air drier, with the speed of 2 ℃/min, progressively increases drying box temperature, initial temperature is 20 ℃, arrives 50 ℃ of steady temperatures after 25min, and the duration is 6h;
C, the mushroom fruiting body after drying is put into valve bag, be then placed in-25 ℃ of low temperature refrigerators and preserve 15d;
D, pack Riker mount into, add preservative and desiccant;
E, use nuclear radiation are processed, and kill sample harmful microorganism;
F, warehouse-in preservation.
embodiment 2
This example adopts bolete fruit body as implementing material.
A, select fresh, shape is good, the bolete of anosis insect bite evil is individual, removes bolete fruit body surface impurity, removes stem base portion soil; New fresh sporophore is placed on to cool place, dry, ventilation, and ambient humidity is 45%RH, dries surface moisture, and the duration is 6h;
B, fruit body is put in hot air drier, with the speed of 3 ℃/min, progressively increases drying box temperature, initial temperature is 22 ℃, arrives 52 ℃ of steady temperatures after 30min, and the duration is 8h;
C, the bolete fruit body after drying is put into valve bag, be then placed in-30 ℃ of low temperature refrigerators and preserve 18d;
D, pack Riker mount into, add preservative and desiccant;
E, use nuclear radiation are processed, and kill sample harmful microorganism;
F, warehouse-in preservation.
embodiment 3
This example adopts Tricholoma matsutake (lto et lmai) Singer sporophore as implementing material.
A, select fresh, shape is good, the matsutake of anosis insect bite evil is individual, removes Tricholoma matsutake (lto et lmai) Singer sporophore surface impurity, removes stem base portion soil; New fresh sporophore is placed on to cool place, dry, ventilation, and ambient humidity is 45%RH, dries surface moisture, and the duration is 7h;
B, fruit body is put in hot air drier, with the speed of 4 ℃/min, progressively increases drying box temperature, initial temperature is 18 ℃, arrives 55 ℃ of steady temperatures after 35min, and the duration is 10h;
C, the Tricholoma matsutake (lto et lmai) Singer sporophore after drying is put into valve bag, be then placed in-30 ℃ of low temperature refrigerators and preserve 20d;
D, pack Riker mount into, add preservative and desiccant;
E, use nuclear radiation are processed, and kill sample harmful microorganism;
F, warehouse-in preservation.
embodiment 4
This example adopts auricularia auriculajudae fruit body as implementing material.
A, select fresh, shape is good, the auricularia auriculajudae of anosis insect bite evil is individual, removes auricularia auriculajudae fruit body surface impurity; New fresh sporophore is placed on to cool place, dry, ventilation, and ambient humidity is 40%RH, dries surface moisture, and the duration is 4h;
B, fruit body is put in hot air drier, with the speed of 2 ℃/min, progressively increases drying box temperature, initial temperature is 20 ℃, arrives 50 ℃ of steady temperatures after 35min, and the duration is 6h;
C, the auricularia auriculajudae fruit body after drying is put into valve bag, be then placed in-30 ℃ of low temperature refrigerators and preserve 15d;
D, pack Riker mount into, add preservative and desiccant;
E, use nuclear radiation are processed, and kill sample harmful microorganism;
F, warehouse-in preservation.
embodiment 5
This example adopts ferfas ascocarp as implementing material.
A, select fresh, shape is good, the ferfas of anosis insect bite evil is individual, removes ferfas ascocarp surface impurity; Fresh ascocarp is placed on to cool place, dry, ventilation, and ambient humidity is 40%RH, dries surface moisture, and the duration is 6h;
B, ascocarp is put in hot air drier, with the speed of 4 ℃/min, progressively increases drying box temperature, initial temperature is 22 ℃, arrives 54 ℃ of steady temperatures after 35min, and the duration is 10h;
C, the ferfas ascocarp after drying is put into valve bag, be then placed in-30 ℃ of low temperature refrigerators and preserve 18d;
D, pack Riker mount into, add preservative and desiccant;
E, use nuclear radiation are processed, and kill sample harmful microorganism;
F, warehouse-in preservation.
Claims (9)
1. a preparation method for edible fungus specimen, is characterized in that comprising pretreatment, dry, freezing, irradiation, preservation steps, specifically comprises:
A, gather fresh, without damaged, without the edible fungus specimen of damage by disease and insect, after surface cleaning, in shady and cool ventilation place, naturally dry;
B, edible mushroom after pretreatment is dried to water content 12 ~ 14%;
C, dried edible fungus specimen are put in plastic sack and seal, and are then placed in-20 ~-40 ℃ of freezing preservation 15 ~ 20d of low temperature refrigerator, kill the worm's ovum being contained in fruit body;
D, put into Riker mount, then add preservative and desiccant etc.;
E, together with Riker mount, carry out sterilization treatment, kill harmful fungoid and bacterium in sample;
F, warehouse-in preservation.
2. the preparation method of edible fungus specimen according to claim 1, is characterized in that described edible mushroom is a kind of in Morchellaceae, saddle Cordycepps, Tuberaceae, Auriculariaceae, Tremellaceae, coral Cordycepps, Ramaria stricta section, chicken fat Cordycepps, hedgehog hydnum Cordycepps, silk ball Cordycepps, Boletaceae, Russulaceae, schizophyllum commune section, Pleurotaceae, Tricholomataceae, Guang Bing mushroom section, Agaricus edibilis, Phallaceae, Lycoperdaceae.
3. the preparation method of edible fungus specimen according to claim 1, is characterized in that being dried as toasting dry or heated-air drying described in B step.
4. the preparation method of edible fungus specimen according to claim 3, it is characterized in that described baking dry be by edible mushroom in humidity lower than 45% time 4 ~ 8h that dries in the air, then by normal temperature, with the speed of 2 ~ 5 ℃/min, be warming up to 45 ~ 55 ℃ and carry out freeze-day with constant temperature 6 ~ 12h to water content 12 ~ 14%.
5. the preparation method of edible fungus specimen according to claim 3, is characterized in that described heated-air drying is that edible mushroom integral body is positioned in 45 ~ 55 ℃ of hot blast environment and is dried to water content 12 ~ 14%.
6. the preparation method of edible fungus specimen according to claim 1, is characterized in that the sample described in C step need to be put into-20 ~-40 ℃ of refrigerator low-temperature insecticidals.
7. the preparation method of edible fungus specimen according to claim 1, is characterized in that also adding preservative and desiccant to prevent spider beetle moth and the moisture absorption in the Riker mount described in D step.
8. the preparation method of edible fungus specimen according to claim 1, is characterized in that the sterilizing described in E step is irradiation sterilization.
9. the preparation method of edible fungus specimen according to claim 1, is characterized in that the preservation described in F step is the dustproof preservation of lucifuge.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105325404A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-02-17 | 陕西省微生物研究所 | Manufacturing method of large-size fungus specimen |
| CN105632313A (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2016-06-01 | 昆山周庄鸿峰生命奥秘博物馆有限公司 | Preparation method of lizard specimen |
| CN106070188A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-09 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of Pleurotus eryngii Slide processing |
| CN106106435A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-16 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of Lentinus Edodes Slide processing in situ |
| CN107702458A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-02-16 | 信阳农林学院 | The instant drying means of fungus field drying device and fungus field |
| CN108812649A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-16 | 西南林业大学 | A kind of storage method for preventing ganoderma lucidum sample and being damaged by insects |
| CN108860731A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-11-23 | 湖北民族学院 | A kind of NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE processing packing method of plant leaf specimen |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105325404A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-02-17 | 陕西省微生物研究所 | Manufacturing method of large-size fungus specimen |
| CN105632313A (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2016-06-01 | 昆山周庄鸿峰生命奥秘博物馆有限公司 | Preparation method of lizard specimen |
| CN106070188A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-09 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of Pleurotus eryngii Slide processing |
| CN106106435A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-16 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of Lentinus Edodes Slide processing in situ |
| CN106070188B (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2019-02-26 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of Pleurotus eryngii Slide processing |
| CN106106435B (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2019-03-15 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of mushroom original position Slide processing |
| CN107702458A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-02-16 | 信阳农林学院 | The instant drying means of fungus field drying device and fungus field |
| CN107702458B (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2022-12-20 | 信阳农林学院 | Fungus field drying device and fungus field instant drying method |
| CN108812649A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-16 | 西南林业大学 | A kind of storage method for preventing ganoderma lucidum sample and being damaged by insects |
| CN108812649B (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2020-12-11 | 西南林业大学 | Storage method for preventing ganoderma lucidum specimen from being damaged by worms |
| CN108860731A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-11-23 | 湖北民族学院 | A kind of NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE processing packing method of plant leaf specimen |
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Application publication date: 20141210 |