CN107702458A - The instant drying means of fungus field drying device and fungus field - Google Patents
The instant drying means of fungus field drying device and fungus field Download PDFInfo
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- CN107702458A CN107702458A CN201711157205.0A CN201711157205A CN107702458A CN 107702458 A CN107702458 A CN 107702458A CN 201711157205 A CN201711157205 A CN 201711157205A CN 107702458 A CN107702458 A CN 107702458A
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010061217 Infestation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B9/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards
- F26B9/06—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in stationary drums or chambers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N3/00—Preservation of plants or parts thereof, e.g. inhibiting evaporation, improvement of the appearance of leaves or protection against physical influences such as UV radiation using chemical compositions; Grafting wax
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/001—Drying-air generating units, e.g. movable, independent of drying enclosure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
- F26B23/04—Heating arrangements using electric heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/06—Chambers, containers, or receptacles
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及标本干燥设备和菌物方法技术领域,尤其是涉及一种菌物野外干燥装置及菌物野外采集即时干燥方法。The present invention relates to the technical field of specimen drying equipment and methods for fungi, in particular to a field drying device for fungi and an instant drying method for field collection of fungi.
背景技术Background technique
菌物通常于长期阴雨天过后天气放晴的时候,在植被茂盛的地方生长。由于菌物子实体存活周期短,因此,采集人员必须争分夺秒地穿梭在丛林中,赶在子实体衰老前采集。当标本采集量较大的时候,需要连续采集数日。由于时间和条件的限制,一般在白天采集结束后,夜晚在营地干燥箱内对标本进行干燥。这种干燥方式会带来诸多不利因素:首先,由于收集的标本较多,放置在一起时不仅容易混淆,而且容易因碰撞和挤压发生损坏;其次,由于存放时间较长,容易导致部分菌物发生腐烂变质;再次,不同种类的菌物含水量并不相同,放在一起在干燥箱中干燥一通宵,温度和时间不易把握,容易出现干燥不足和干燥过度两种情况,菌物干燥不足容易出现霉变生虫,干燥过度则出现形变,甚至破碎。可见,不适宜的干燥均使标本失去研究和保藏价值。The fungus usually grows in lush vegetation when the weather clears up after a long period of rainy weather. Due to the short survival period of the fruiting bodies of fungi, collectors must race against time to shuttle in the jungle to collect them before the fruiting bodies age. When the amount of specimen collection is large, it needs to be collected continuously for several days. Due to the limitation of time and conditions, the specimens are generally dried in the camp drying box at night after the collection in the daytime. This drying method will bring many disadvantages: first, due to the large number of collected specimens, it is not only easy to confuse when placed together, but also easy to be damaged by collision and extrusion; second, due to the long storage time, it is easy to cause some bacteria Once again, the water content of different types of fungi is not the same, put them together in a drying box to dry overnight, the temperature and time are not easy to control, and it is easy to have two situations: insufficient drying and over drying, and insufficient drying of the fungi It is prone to mildew and insects, and if it is too dry, it will be deformed or even broken. It can be seen that improper drying will cause the specimens to lose their research and preservation value.
为了避免上述情况的发生,目前出现了一些小型便携式干燥装置。如申请号为201620445831.4的发明专利,包括两个干燥用的槽体,菌物放置在同一个槽体里干燥,在野外行走时,槽体难免摇晃,而菌物质软,相互挤压,损毁严重,无法鉴别,失去研究和保存价值。或者简单地采用盛装干燥硅胶的小塑料袋对菌物标本进行干燥,由于需要频繁更换吸水后的硅胶,因此,使用并不方便。In order to avoid the occurrence of the above situation, some small portable drying devices have appeared at present. For example, the invention patent with application number 201620445831.4 includes two tanks for drying. The bacteria are placed in the same tank to dry. When walking in the field, the tank will inevitably shake, and the bacteria are soft and squeezed against each other, causing serious damage. , cannot be identified, and loses research and preservation value. Or simply use a small plastic bag filled with dry silica gel to dry the fungal specimen. Since the silica gel after absorbing water needs to be frequently replaced, it is inconvenient to use.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供一种菌物野外干燥装置,同时提供一种菌物野外采集即时干燥方法,目的在于解决现有菌物干燥装置和干燥方式不能满足标本采集即时干燥的问题。The present invention provides a field drying device for fungi and at the same time provides an instant drying method for field collection of fungi.
为实现上述目的,本发明可采取下述技术方案:To achieve the above object, the present invention can take the following technical solutions:
本发明所述的菌物野外干燥装置,包括干燥装置本体,所述干燥装置本体包括通过竖向轴铰接相连的加热底座、干燥盒和顶盖,所述加热底座内设置有与充电电池和温度调节器相连的热风机,加热底座侧面开设有进风口、顶部开设有出风口,所述干燥盒底板为透风式结构,干燥盒内设置有多个竖向隔板,所述竖向隔板一端与干燥盒内中心设置的立柱铰接相连、另一端与干燥盒侧壁滑动相连,所述顶盖上开设有排汽孔。The field drying device for fungi according to the present invention includes a drying device body, and the drying device body includes a heating base, a drying box and a top cover hingedly connected by a vertical shaft. The hot air blower connected to the regulator, the side of the heating base is provided with an air inlet, and the top is provided with an air outlet. The bottom plate of the drying box is a ventilated structure. There are multiple vertical partitions inside the drying box. One end of the vertical partition It is hingedly connected with the column set in the center of the drying box, and the other end is slidingly connected with the side wall of the drying box. The top cover is provided with a steam exhaust hole.
为了便于观察标本干燥情况,所述干燥盒、顶盖由透明材质制成;为了增加装载量,干燥盒至少为一个,而顶盖为一个。In order to facilitate the observation of the drying condition of the specimen, the drying box and the top cover are made of transparent materials; in order to increase the loading capacity, there is at least one drying box and one top cover.
为了加强干燥效果,在所述顶盖中心设置有凸起结构,所述排汽孔沿所述凸起结构的侧面开设。In order to enhance the drying effect, a protruding structure is provided at the center of the top cover, and the steam exhaust hole is opened along the side of the protruding structure.
为了减少热损失,所述加热底座、干燥盒和顶盖的接触面上设置有密封条。In order to reduce heat loss, a sealing strip is provided on the contact surfaces of the heating base, the drying box and the top cover.
为了便于携带,所述加热底座、干燥盒和顶盖外侧环绕设置有卡扣连接的手提架。For the convenience of carrying, the outside of the heating base, the drying box and the top cover are surrounded by snap-connected handles.
一种菌物野外采集即时干燥方法,采用上述菌物野外干燥装置,具体步骤包括:A method for instant drying of fungi in the field, using the above-mentioned field drying device for fungi, and the specific steps include:
第一步,预处理:The first step, preprocessing:
对采集到的单株或成簇的菌物进行简单的表面清理工作,拍照记录,并分类标记;Carry out simple surface cleaning work on the collected single or clustered fungi, take pictures and record them, and classify and mark them;
第二步,装盒:The second step, boxing:
将第一步得到的菌物按类别装入干燥盒内不同的竖向隔板间,根据菌物体积调节竖向隔板的间距,然后在菌物和竖向隔板的空隙间填充脱脂棉进行固定,之后,在干燥盒盒体外侧粘贴记录标签;Put the bacteria obtained in the first step into different vertical partitions in the drying box according to the category, adjust the distance between the vertical partitions according to the volume of the bacteria, and then fill the gap between the bacteria and the vertical partitions with absorbent cotton for drying. After fixing, paste the record label on the outside of the drying box;
第三步,干燥:The third step, drying:
打开加热底座的电源开关,启动热风机,并通过温度调节器调节加热温度和加热时间,根据干燥情况及时取出干燥菌物;Turn on the power switch of the heating base, start the hot air blower, adjust the heating temperature and heating time through the temperature regulator, and take out the dried bacteria in time according to the drying situation;
第四步,后处理:The fourth step, post-processing:
将第三步得到的干燥菌物用隔水纸逐份包裹,并用自封袋密封标记保存。Wrap the dried bacteria obtained in the third step with water-proof paper, and seal them with ziplock bags for storage.
本发明提供的菌物野外干燥装置,结构简单、实用,便于携带和及时干燥菌物标本,具有较高的空间利用率,能够分类容纳大量的菌物标本,同时还可以在野外行进时,实时观测菌物标本的干燥状况,干燥完毕及时取出,提高菌物野外收集工作的效率;本发明提供的菌物野外采集即时干燥方法,能够充分避免标本采集量大而没有及时干燥造成的菌物腐烂变质、挤压变形等失去研究和保藏价值的情形。The field drying device for fungi provided by the present invention has a simple and practical structure, is easy to carry and dry fungal samples in time, has a high space utilization rate, and can classify and accommodate a large number of fungal samples. Observe the drying status of the fungal specimens, take them out in time after drying, and improve the efficiency of field collection of fungi; the instant drying method for field collection of fungi provided by the present invention can fully avoid fungal decay caused by a large amount of specimen collection without timely drying Deterioration, extrusion deformation and other situations that lose the value of research and preservation.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
图2是图1中干燥盒的结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the drying box in Fig. 1 .
具体实施方式detailed description
如图1、2所示,本发明所述的菌物野外干燥装置,包括由加热底座1、两个干燥盒2和一个顶盖3组成的干燥装置本体。上述加热底座1、干燥盒2和顶盖3通过竖向轴4铰接相连,干燥盒2和顶盖3可方便地绕竖向轴4旋转,当两者相互交错时,放入或取出菌物。当三者上下叠合形成竖直柱状体后,在加热底座1、干燥盒2和顶盖3外侧加装由底托、侧边条、顶部提拉环及连接卡扣5组成的手提架6,该手提架6不仅便于携带,而且能够对加热底座1、干燥盒2和顶盖3起定位加固作用。As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , the field drying device for fungi according to the present invention includes a drying device body composed of a heating base 1 , two drying boxes 2 and a top cover 3 . The above-mentioned heating base 1, drying box 2 and top cover 3 are hingedly connected by a vertical shaft 4, and the drying box 2 and the top cover 3 can rotate around the vertical shaft 4 conveniently. . After the three are stacked up and down to form a vertical column, a handstand 6 consisting of a bottom bracket, a side strip, a top lifting ring and a connecting buckle 5 is installed on the outside of the heating base 1, the drying box 2 and the top cover 3 , the handstand 6 is not only easy to carry, but also can position and reinforce the heating base 1 , the drying box 2 and the top cover 3 .
加热底座1内设置有与充电电池7和温度调节器8相连的热风机9,加热底座1侧面开设有进风口、顶部开设有出风口;而干燥盒2底板为透风式结构,可直接采用网格板或在底板上开设通孔,便于热风进入干燥盒2内,对菌物进行干燥,菌物干燥后产生的水汽则通过顶盖3上开设的排汽孔排出。The heating base 1 is provided with a hot air blower 9 connected to the rechargeable battery 7 and the temperature regulator 8. The side of the heating base 1 is provided with an air inlet and the top is provided with an air outlet; Grid plate or offer through hole on the bottom plate, facilitate hot air to enter in the drying box 2, the bacteria are dried, and the water vapor that produces after the bacteria drying is then discharged through the vent hole that offers on the top cover 3.
为了便于观察菌物干燥情况,干燥盒2和顶盖3均采用透明材质;为了增加热风停留时间,使热风充满整个干燥盒2内腔,避免出现干燥死角影响干燥效果,在顶盖3中心设置凸起结构,并沿凸起结构侧面开设排汽孔;同时,在加热底座1、干燥盒2和顶盖3的接触面上设置密封条,防止热风或热蒸汽从接缝处泄露,进一步减少热损失。In order to facilitate the observation of the drying conditions of the bacteria, the drying box 2 and the top cover 3 are made of transparent materials; in order to increase the hot air residence time, make the hot air fill the entire inner cavity of the drying box 2, and avoid drying dead angles that affect the drying effect, set in the center of the top cover 3 Raised structure, and steam exhaust holes are set along the side of the raised structure; at the same time, a sealing strip is set on the contact surface of the heating base 1, drying box 2 and top cover 3 to prevent hot air or hot steam from leaking from the joints, further reducing heat loss.
为了对不同菌物进行分类干燥,在干燥盒2内设置有多个柔性材料制成的竖向隔板10;进一步地,该竖向隔板10一端与干燥盒2中心设置的立柱11铰接相连、另一端与干燥盒2侧壁滑动相连,使竖向隔板的10位置可调,从而可以根据菌物体积大小调节相邻竖向隔板10和盒体侧壁形成的扇形空间的大小,避免菌物受到挤压碰撞产生损坏。此外,可以根据干燥量增加或减少竖向隔板10和干燥盒2的数量。In order to classify and dry different bacteria, a plurality of vertical partitions 10 made of flexible materials are arranged in the drying box 2; , the other end is slidingly connected with the side wall of the drying box 2, so that the position of the vertical partition 10 can be adjusted, so that the size of the fan-shaped space formed by the adjacent vertical partition 10 and the side wall of the box body can be adjusted according to the volume of the bacteria. Avoid damage to bacteria caused by extrusion and collision. In addition, the number of vertical partitions 10 and drying boxes 2 can be increased or decreased according to the amount of drying.
本发明所述的菌物野外采集即时干燥方法,使用上述干燥装置,主要包括以下步骤:The instant drying method for collecting fungi in the field of the present invention, using the above-mentioned drying device, mainly includes the following steps:
第一步,预处理:The first step, preprocessing:
采集单株或成簇菌物,对上述菌物进行简单的表面清理工作后,拍照记录,并分类标记;Collect single or clustered fungi, perform simple surface cleaning on the above fungi, take pictures, record them, and classify and mark them;
第二步,装盒:The second step, boxing:
打开手提架6的卡扣5,旋开顶盖3和/或干燥盒2,将第一步得到的菌物按类别分别装入干燥盒2内不同竖向隔板10形成的扇形空间内,并根据菌物体积调节竖向隔板10的间距,然后用少许脱脂棉填充菌物和竖向隔板10之间的空隙,用于固定菌物,减少摩擦;之后,在干燥盒2盒体外侧粘贴记录标签;最后,旋上顶盖3和/或干燥盒2,加装手提架6,并扣紧卡扣5。Open the buckle 5 of the handstand 6, unscrew the top cover 3 and/or the drying box 2, and pack the bacteria obtained in the first step into the fan-shaped space formed by different vertical partitions 10 in the drying box 2 by category, And adjust the spacing between the vertical partitions 10 according to the volume of the bacteria, then fill the space between the bacteria and the vertical partitions 10 with a little absorbent cotton to fix the bacteria and reduce friction; Paste the recording label; finally, screw on the top cover 3 and/or the drying box 2, install the hand stand 6, and fasten the buckle 5.
第三步,干燥:The third step, drying:
打开加热底座1的电源开关,通过温度调节器8将热风调至适当温度,根据菌物大小和干湿程度确定适当的干燥时间,并通过干燥盒2侧壁或顶盖3观察菌物干燥情况,一旦干燥完毕即可取出。Turn on the power switch of the heating base 1, adjust the hot air to an appropriate temperature through the temperature regulator 8, determine the appropriate drying time according to the size of the bacteria and the degree of dryness, and observe the drying of the bacteria through the side wall of the drying box 2 or the top cover 3 , which can be removed once dry.
第四步,后处理:The fourth step, post-processing:
取出后的干燥标本需用隔水性好的纸逐份包裹,然后用自封袋密封标记保存,并注意防水防压。为避免虫蛀,将干燥标本带回实验室并置于低温冰箱冷冻l~2周后,再进行存放。The dried specimens after taking out should be wrapped in pieces with good water-proof paper, and then sealed and marked in ziplock bags for storage, and pay attention to waterproof and pressure-proof. In order to avoid infestation by moths, take the dried specimens back to the laboratory and place them in a low-temperature refrigerator for 1 to 2 weeks before storing them.
上述干燥装置在使用前,使用交流电或车载装置对充电电池7充电,使干燥装置保证有充足的电量。Before the above-mentioned drying device is used, the rechargeable battery 7 is charged with an alternating current or a vehicle-mounted device, so that the drying device has sufficient electric power.
使用本发明的干燥装置对野外采集菌物进行即时干燥时,具有以下优点:When using the drying device of the present invention to carry out immediate drying of the bacteria collected in the field, it has the following advantages:
1. 本发明的干燥装置可以对每一个菌物进行独立收纳干燥,避免相互挤压损毁,扇形设计节约空间,能同时容纳大量的菌物,空间利用率高;1. The drying device of the present invention can independently store and dry each fungus, avoiding mutual extrusion and damage, the fan-shaped design saves space, can accommodate a large number of fungi at the same time, and has a high space utilization rate;
2. 本发明的干燥装置可以在野外实时观察菌物的干燥进度,已干燥完毕的菌物可以及时取出保存,避免过度烘烤;2. The drying device of the present invention can observe the drying progress of the bacteria in the field in real time, and the dried bacteria can be taken out and stored in time to avoid over-baking;
3. 本发明的干燥装置设计简约,野外工作时不仅便于携带,而且还可以方便地充电。3. The drying device of the present invention is simple in design, not only easy to carry when working in the field, but also convenient to charge.
4.本发明所述的菌物野外即时干燥方法,可以充分避免标本采集量大而没有及时干燥造成的菌物腐烂变质、挤压变形等失去研究和保藏价值的情形。4. The method for instant drying of fungi in the field of the present invention can fully avoid the situation that the fungus rots and deteriorates, squeezes and deforms and loses research and preservation value due to the large amount of specimens collected and not dried in time.
Claims (6)
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Application publication date: 20180216 Assignee: Luoshan County Liuliu Agriculture Co.,Ltd. Assignor: XINYANG College OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY Contract record no.: X2024980019518 Denomination of invention: Field drying device and instant drying method for microbial materials Granted publication date: 20221220 License type: Common License Record date: 20241021 |