CN104186428A - Artificial outdoor leech cocoon production and indoor hatching technology and application thereof - Google Patents
Artificial outdoor leech cocoon production and indoor hatching technology and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an artificial outdoor leech cocoon production and indoor hatching technology and application thereof. Outdoor pond clay serving as a matrix is used as a cocoon production bed, a nylon film covers the cocoon production bed to achieve heat preservation and moisture preservation, and when leech worms are found on the cocoon production bed, leech cocoons are immediately dug out and moved into a room for hatching, and leech hatchling collection is performed by adopting a specially-designed hatchling collecting device. By means of the artificial outdoor leech cocoon production and indoor hatching technology, the cocoon production amount of parent leeches is large, management during hatching is convenient, and the working amount is low. The leech hatchling collection and hatchling breeding in a pond can be timely performed, and the survival rate of later-period breeding can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to leech artificial culture technology field, disclose especially a kind of leech indoor hatching technique of artificial outdoor product cocoon and application thereof.
Background technology
Leech, popular name leech, is the general designation of annelids Hirudinea animal.Leech is one of primary raw material for the treatment of at present people's cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases medicament, along with people's living standard improves constantly, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases also become a kind of common disease and frequently-occurring disease, have a strong impact on health, market constantly increases leech demand in the case, leech wild resource can not be met the need of market, carry out leech propagate artificially imperative.
In prior art, there is many research to leech artificial culture technology, such as patent CN101766154A discloses a kind of hirudinaria manillensis high density industrialized cultivation method, its by addressing build pond, throw in kind, feeding feeding, produce the preparation of cocoon bed, the cultivation of producing cocoon and hatching, young leech, the step such as survive the winter propagate commodity leech artificially, and reach cyclic culture by producing cocoon and hatching step.Patent CN101627747A discloses the method that hatching that a kind of leech propagates artificially is grown seedlings, be followed successively by first step seed selection, the sterilization of second step kind leech, the 3rd step is charged seed, the 4th step mating, lay eggs, the 5th step cocoon ovum arranges, and the 6th steps into hatching room hatching, and the 7th step hatching is emerged, its have leech emerge the cycle shorten, the concentration degree of emerging is high, is convenient to propagate artificially, and the feature that is protected of quality.
Leech artificial culture technology, what primarily solve is the hatching that leech produces cocoon and leech cocoon.Existing method is generally in mating season leech being placed to earth or special matrix is made on product cocoon bed, treats that it produces cocoon.When the product cocoon bed of making of earth uses, prevent earth water evaporates at product cocoon bed upper cover last layer straw, before raining, on straw, cover white nylon film and prevent from producing cocoon bed ponding leech cocoon and cause breath death, after rain, remove again nylon film, also will spread water according to straw humidity during this time; Produce cocoon and about 20 days, dig again cocoon and moved in indoor bubble chamber and hatch, about 20 days of brooding time, the regular vaporific moisturizing controlled humidity of watering can between the incubation period all shifts out it hatching and starts leech seedling cultivation work after most leech go out cocoon.
From the technology of above-mentioned existing outdoor product cocoon, bubble chamber hatching, existing product cocoon and leech cocoon hatching complex operation, the amount of labour is large, and because leech product cocoon is asynchronous, hatching later stage leech goes out cocoon Time Inconsistency, leech seedling can not and at present the pool cultivate, impact is first hatched leech shoot survival percent and later stage and is cultivated effect.Same problem, also in the leech artificial culture technology of existence and other prior aries, and for example patent CN102511450A discloses the artificial acclimation method of a kind of wild leech, it is mainly by the operation of seed selection, feeding, indoor product cocoon, indoor hatching and seedling culture, finally cultivates out the leech of high-quality; Wherein, indoor product cocoon adopts two kinds of methods: the first is indoor block pond method, and the second is that vacuolar membrane case produces cocoon method.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the indoor hatching m of the artificial outdoor product cocoon of a kind of leech, it is that matrix is as producing cocoon bed by outdoor ponds earth, cover nylon membrane with insulation, moisturizing, find to produce on cocoon bed and have leech seedling, dig out immediately leech cocoon and move into indoor hatching, and adopt the collection seedling device of particular design to carry out the collection of leech seedling, and can collect in time leech seedling and the lower pool and cultivate, improve later stage cultivating survival rate.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the indoor hatching m of the artificial outdoor product cocoon of a kind of leech in the application of propagating artificially in leech.
The invention provides the indoor hatching m of the artificial outdoor product cocoon of a kind of leech, comprise the steps:
Step 1, producing cocoon bed prepares: select leeward pond or rice field on the sunny side, drain Chi Shui or water in field, pond or rice field are divided into polylith rectangular " low bank of earth between fields ", between " low bank of earth between fields ", form interval, the earth lay of interval region is upper to " low bank of earth between fields ", and suitably to improve the paving soil thickness of " low bank of earth between fields ", " low bank of earth between fields " of the earth that tiled is the product cocoon bed of leech;
Step 2, leech cocoon hatching: producing the close leech of cocoon bed central authorities input, pierce and produce after cocoon bed earth until close leech, cover nylon membrane above producing cocoon bed, to produce the insulation of cocoon bed, moisturizing and not to be caught in the rain; Parent leech pierces mating in the near future in obstetric table mud and produces cocoon, the hatching situation that leech seedling was observed in monitoring afterwards in the 35th day, and finding to produce on cocoon bed has leech seedling, digs out immediately leech cocoon and moves into indoor hatching;
Step 3, leech seedling is collected: the leech cocoon digging out is moved in leech seedling gathering unit, hatches and collect leech seedling indoor, regularly on leech cocoon, spread water, stimulation is reached maturity leech seedling cocoon-break and is gone out, and enters into and contains seedling basin, and in time the leech of collection seedling basin liquid level surrounding is shifted out to cultivation.
Preferably, step 1 is produced during cocoon bed prepares, and the width of described " low bank of earth between fields " is 1.2～1.5m, between the low bank of earth between fields, is spaced apart 30～50cm, and the paving soil thickness of " low bank of earth between fields " is 15～30cm.
Preferably, step 1 is produced in the preparation of cocoon bed, after sterilization a couple of days, makes and produces cocoon bed.
Preferably, in step 2 leech cocoon hatching, be specially the opportunity of throwing in leech, and by the end of March to during early or mid April, throw in close leech producing cocoon bed central authorities morning, and input density is 2.0～3.0 ㎏/m
2, 40～50 Tiao/㎏, close leech pierces rapidly in earth on product cocoon bed, will fail to pierce close leech in product cocoon bed earth and reclaim after 2.5～3.5 hours.To during early or mid April, water temperature reaches more than 14 DEG C by the end of March, is that cocoon best period is produced in leech mating.Select throw in close leech producing cocoon bed central authorities morning, be because morning sunlight not strong, leech can not produce that strongly stress send out should.Unsuitable too high in the input density of producing the close leech of cocoon bed central authorities input, input density is too high, and it is little that is produced from cocoon space in leech mating, impact product cocoon effect.
Preferably, in step 2 leech cocoon hatching, be specially the opportunity of digging out leech cocoon and moving into indoor hatching, occurs a small amount of leech seedling when finding to produce on cocoon bed, and most cocoon end is while occurring perforation, digs immediately cocoon and moves into indoor hatching and collect leech seedling.Dig in advance cocoon leech seedling developmental immaturity, increase indoor hatching collection seedling difficulty; Postpone leech seedling producing to go out cocoon in cocoon bed and enter and produce cocoon bed, leech seedling collection rate is low.
Preferably, described leech seedling gathering unit comprises collection seedling basin, is placed in the support on collection seedling basin, and is placed in the Sheng cocoon frame with netted space on support.
Preferably, collection seedling basin is round basin, is loaded with a small amount of Chi Shui in basin, to play the effect of collecting leech seedling; Containing cocoon frame is circular nylon mesh sheet, and the surrounding of nylon mesh sheet adopts iron wire to fix; Described support is two iron wires that are the arrangement of " ten " font, and iron wire end to hook the top edge of collection seedling basin, prevents from containing the landing from collection seedling basin of cocoon frame with crotch.
Sheng cocoon is erected and is held the effect of ripe leech cocoon, regularly on leech cocoon, spreads water, and stimulation is reached maturity leech seedling cocoon-break and gone out, and falls in the pond water liquid level of containing seedling basin by net sheet space.This leech seedling gathering unit has following effect: the one, and the leech seedling of reaching maturity goes out after cocoon, at the bottom of all dropping into collection seedling basin from contain cocoon frame mesh, perch at basin surrounding liquid level place, do not become separated in flight everywhere, it is timely, complete, clean that leech seedling is collected, developmental immaturity leech seedling is still grown in cocoon, and the leech seedling that conventional method is first hatched is become separated in flight everywhere, can not collect in time; The 2nd, in time collect and hatch leech seedling, conventional method is the disposable lower pool after most leech seedlings go out cocoon, the leech seedling of so first hatching is escaped everywhere, not easily collecting, meanwhile, due to can not and pool cultivation at present, later stage cultivating survival rate is low.
Preferably, during step 3 leech seedling is collected, containing even density of placing ripe leech cocoon on cocoon frame is 750～1000g/m
2or 600～800 pieces/m
2.Contain cocoon and be difficult for too much, leech cocoon bulk deposition, the ventilation of leech cocoon is bad, causes leech seedling death by suffocation.
Preferably, during step 3 leech seedling is collected, the condition of indoor hatching leech cocoon is specially: indoor temperature remains on 24～28 DEG C; Avoid solar radiation leech cocoon daytime and dark hatching, the ventilation of suitably windowing evening; Every 2～4 hours to the moisturizing of leech cocoon even spraying once, to keep leech cocoon surface wettability.The leech seedling of reaching maturity more than 95% goes out cocoon in time, and drop into collection seedling basin from contain cocoon frame mesh at the bottom of, and the liquid level place that swims over to collection seedling basin surrounding perches, and can not become separated in flight everywhere.And developmental immaturity leech seedling is still grown in cocoon, shift out cultivation by the leech of collection seedling basin liquid level surrounding every day in time, and cultivating survival rate is more than 85%.General 3～4 days, 85% above leech seedling was collected complete.Indoor 24～28 DEG C is leech cocoon optimum incubation temp, the too high or too low leech incubation rate that all affects.Leech seedling is strong to illumination reaction, also can cause the consumption that self-energy is unnecessary, thereby hatches under applicable low light environment.Above-mentioned incubation condition guarantee leech seedling is hatched illumination, humidity requirement, and leech seedling incubation rate is high.
The invention provides the application of the indoor hatching m of the artificial outdoor product cocoon of above-mentioned leech in leech is propagated artificially.
Beneficial effect of the present invention has:
1, close leech is directly put into and produces on cocoon bed, close leech amount of cocoon crop is many.
2, leech cocoon is mainly hatched on product cocoon bed, convenient management between the incubation period, and workload is few.
3, ripe leech cocoon is moved into and in indoor specific leech seedling gathering unit, hatches and collect leech seedling, and leech seedling is collected simple, and the leech seedling of collection is clean, and can be by the leech seedling of hatching and the pool at present, and the leech shoot survival percent of hatching is high, and the later stage cultivates effective.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of leech seedling gathering unit of the present invention.
In figure, 1-collection seedling basin, 2-support, 3-contains cocoon frame.
Embodiment
Can further be well understood to the present invention by specific embodiments of the invention given below and comparing embodiment, but they not limitation of the invention.The part not describing in detail in specific embodiment and comparing embodiment is to adopt prior art, known technology means and professional standard to obtain.
Except as otherwise noted, the percentage adopting in the present invention is percetage by weight.
embodiment 1
Method is as follows carried out eurysome golden thread leech artificial propagation:
(1) producing cocoon bed prepares:
Select leeward pond on the sunny side, drain Chi Shui winter, at the bottom of late March is by pond, use disinfection by chlorine dioxide, every 667m
2area consumption is 1 ㎏, sterilizes and will at the bottom of pond, be made into multiple product cocoon beds in latter 5 days, produces the rectangle that cocoon bed is wide 1.5m, produces cocoon bed interval 50cm.
The preparation method of producing cocoon bed is: spacer region earth spade is taped against and is produced on cocoon bed, and product cocoon bed central authorities are slightly high, on average spread the about 25cm of soil thickness.This product cocoon bed meets the mating of expanded letter gold leech and produces the ecological requirement of cocoon, produces cocoon bed and is made by earth completely, and without other special material, making is simple, and expense is low, and suitable spread uses.
(2) leech cocoon hatching:
At the beginning of by the end of March to 4 month, make and produce after cocoon bed, fine day morning is thrown in eurysome golden thread leech parent leech producing cocoon bed central authorities, and input density is 2.5 ㎏/m
2(approximately 40 Tiao/㎏), close leech pierces rapidly in earth on product cocoon bed, will fail to pierce close leech in earth and reclaim processing after 3 hours.
Then,, producing cocoon bed upper cover last layer black nylon film, play the effect of insulation, moisturizing and anti-rain.Above film, push down with soil block until dig the cocoon collection seedling stage, observe in time during whole, require nylon membrane without damaged, without ponding, cover that to produce cocoon bed complete, otherwise affect it to producing the effect of the insulation of cocoon bed, moisturizing and anti-rain, cause young leech death in cocoon.
Parent leech pierces mating in the near future in obstetric table mud and produces cocoon, and the every 50 ㎏ parent leech of the method can produce cocoon approximately 6 ㎏, and close leech product cocoon rate is high.After the 35th day, start to observe every day leech seedling hatching situation, occur a small amount of leech seedling when finding to produce on cocoon bed, and most cocoon end occurs that while perforation, digging immediately cocoon moves into indoor hatching and collect leech seedling, simultaneously, reclaim and produce close leech on cocoon bed, the close leech rate of recovery reaches more than 60%, and the rate of recovery is high.
(3) leech seedling is collected:
Hatch digging out leech cocoon and move on the Sheng cocoon frame of indoor leech seedling gathering unit.Please refer to accompanying drawing 1, this leech seedling gathering unit comprises collection seedling basin, is placed in the support on collection seedling basin, and is placed in the Sheng cocoon frame with netted space on support.
In the present embodiment, collection seedling basin is round plastic basin, diameter 1m, the high 25cm of basin.When work, a small amount of clean Chi Shui of splendid attire in basin, plays the effect of collecting leech seedling.Containing cocoon frame is the circular nylon mesh sheet of a diameter 0.8m, the surrounding of nylon mesh sheet adopts iron wire to fix, fix two in net sheet bottom and be the iron wire that " ten " font is arranged, iron wire end band one crotch, to hook the top edge of collection seedling basin, prevents from containing the landing from collection seedling basin of cocoon frame.Sheng cocoon is erected and is held the effect of ripe leech cocoon, regularly on leech cocoon, spreads water, and stimulation is reached maturity leech seedling cocoon-break and gone out, and falls to by net sheet space the Chi Shuizhong that contains seedling basin, finally perches in liquid level surrounding.
At the bottom of collection seedling basin, contain the about 6cm of the clean pond depth of water, contain and on cocoon frame, evenly place the about 750g of ripe leech cocoon or 600 pieces.Indoor temperature remains on 24～28 DEG C, has drawn curtain daytime, has shut door and window to prevent that solar radiation is to cocoon, the ventilation of suitably opeing the window evening; Generally every 2～4 hours on cocoon evenly the vaporific moisturizing of watering can once, keep cocoon surface wettability.The leech seedling of reaching maturity more than 95% goes out cocoon in time, and drop into collection seedling basin from contain cocoon frame mesh at the bottom of, and the liquid level place that swims over to collection seedling basin surrounding perches, and can not become separated in flight everywhere.And developmental immaturity leech seedling is still grown in cocoon, shift out cultivation by the eurysome golden thread leech of collection seedling basin liquid level surrounding every day in time, and cultivating survival rate is more than 85%.General 3～4 days, 85% above leech seedling was collected complete, and average 500g cocoon can be collected 10000 of leech seedlings.
And the methods such as leech cocoon bubble chamber of the prior art hatching, the leech seedling of first hatching is become separated in flight everywhere, can not and at present the pool cultivate, cause the low problem of later stage leech seedling cultivating survival rate.The inventive method successfully addresses the above problem.
embodiment 2
The medical leech of the artificial cultivation of step method of reference example 1, its close leech rate of recovery reaches more than 60%; Average 500g cocoon can be collected 10000 left and right of leech seedling.
embodiment 3
The dark brown leech of the artificial cultivation of step method of reference example 1, its close leech rate of recovery reaches more than 60%; Average 500g cocoon can be collected 10000 left and right of leech seedling.
comparative example 1
The process of this comparative example is substantially the same manner as Example 1, and its difference is that the time of throwing in leech adjusts to some extent.
During by the end of February to 3 moon the middle ten days and the last ten days, producing the close leech of cocoon bed central authorities input noon, and input density is 2.5 ㎏/m
2, 40 Tiao/㎏, close leech pierces rapidly in earth on product cocoon bed, will fail to pierce close leech in earth and reclaim processing after 5 hours.
It is that every 50 ㎏ parent leech produce cocoon 4.6 ㎏, close leech rate of recovery less than 50% that parent leech produces cocoon rate.This is because by the end of March to during early or mid April, water temperature reaches more than 14 DEG C, is that cocoon best period is produced in leech mating.Select morning throw in close leech, be because morning sunlight not strong, leech can not produce strongly stress send out should.
comparative example 2
The implementation process of this comparative example is substantially the same manner as Example 2, and its difference is to adjust to some extent the opportunity of digging out leech cocoon and moving into indoor hatching.Be specially, dig cocoon collection seedling after 42 days, dig in cocoon process and to find to produce on cocoon bed at a large amount of leech seedlings, average 500g leech cocoon is collected 7200 of leech seedlings, and leech seedling collection rate obviously declines.Dig in advance cocoon leech seedling developmental immaturity, increase indoor hatching collection seedling difficulty; Postpone leech seedling producing to go out cocoon in cocoon bed and enter and produce cocoon bed, leech seedling collection rate is low.
comparative example 3
The implementation process of this comparative example is substantially the same manner as Example 3, and its difference is that the condition of indoor hatching leech cocoon adjusts to some extent.Be specially, at indoor window, curtain be not installed, hatching process window is in closed condition, and indoor temperature remains on more than 25 DEG C, leech seedling later stage cultivating survival rate 65% left and right.
Above disclosed is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, certainly can not limit with this interest field of the present invention, and the equivalent variations of therefore doing according to the present patent application the scope of the claims, still belongs to the scope that the present invention is contained.
Claims (10)
1. the indoor hatching m of the artificial outdoor product cocoon of leech, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
Step 1, producing cocoon bed prepares: select leeward pond or rice field on the sunny side, drain Chi Shui or water in field, pond or rice field are divided into polylith rectangular " low bank of earth between fields ", between " low bank of earth between fields ", form interval, the earth lay of interval region is upper to " low bank of earth between fields ", and suitably to improve the paving soil thickness of " low bank of earth between fields ", " low bank of earth between fields " of the earth that tiled is the product cocoon bed of leech;
Step 2, leech cocoon hatching: producing the close leech of cocoon bed central authorities input, pierce and produce after cocoon bed earth until close leech, cover nylon membrane above producing cocoon bed, with the effect of producing the insulation of cocoon bed, moisturizing and not being caught in the rain; Parent leech pierces mating in the near future in obstetric table mud and produces cocoon, the hatching situation that leech seedling was observed in monitoring afterwards in the 35th day, and finding to produce on cocoon bed has leech seedling, digs out immediately leech cocoon and moves into indoor hatching;
Step 3, leech seedling is collected: the leech cocoon digging out is moved in leech seedling gathering unit, hatches and collect leech seedling indoor, regularly on leech cocoon, spread water, stimulation is reached maturity leech seedling cocoon-break and is gone out, and enters into and contains seedling basin, and in time the leech of collection seedling basin liquid level surrounding is shifted out to cultivation.
2. the indoor hatching m of the artificial outdoor product cocoon of leech according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 1 is produced in the preparation of cocoon bed, after sterilization a couple of days, makes and produces cocoon bed.
3. the indoor hatching m of the artificial outdoor product cocoon of leech according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step 1 is produced in the preparation of cocoon bed, the width of described " low bank of earth between fields " is 1.2～1.5m, between the low bank of earth between fields, is spaced apart 30～50cm, and the paving soil thickness of " low bank of earth between fields " is 15～30cm.
4. the indoor hatching m of the artificial outdoor product cocoon of leech according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step 2 leech cocoon hatching, be specially the opportunity of throwing in leech, by the end of March to during early or mid April, producing the close leech of cocoon bed central authorities input morning, and input density is 2.0～3.0 ㎏/m
2, 40～50 Tiao/㎏, close leech pierces rapidly in earth on product cocoon bed, will fail to pierce close leech in product cocoon bed earth and reclaim after 2.5～3.5 hours.
5. according to the indoor hatching m of the artificial outdoor product cocoon of the leech described in claim 1 or 3, it is characterized in that: in the hatching of step 2 leech cocoon, be specially the opportunity of digging out leech cocoon and moving into indoor hatching, there is a small amount of leech seedling when finding to produce on cocoon bed, and when perforation appears in most cocoon ends, dig immediately cocoon and move into indoor hatching and collect leech seedling.
6. the indoor hatching m of the artificial outdoor product cocoon of leech according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described leech seedling gathering unit comprises collection seedling basin, is placed in the support on collection seedling basin, and is placed in the Sheng cocoon frame with netted space on support.
7. the indoor hatching m of the artificial outdoor product cocoon of leech according to claim 5, is characterized in that: collection seedling basin is round basin, is loaded with a small amount of Chi Shui, to collect leech seedling in basin; Containing cocoon frame is circular nylon mesh sheet, and the surrounding of nylon mesh sheet adopts iron wire to fix; Described support is two and is the iron wires that " ten " font is arranged, iron wire end with crotch to hook the top edge of collection seedling basin, in case contain the landing from collection seedling basin of cocoon frame.
8. according to the indoor hatching m of the artificial outdoor product cocoon of the leech described in claim 5 or 6, it is characterized in that: during step 3 leech seedling is collected, containing even density of placing ripe leech cocoon on cocoon frame is 750～1000g/m
2or 600～800 pieces/m
2.
9. the indoor hatching m of the artificial outdoor product cocoon of leech according to claim 1, is characterized in that: during step 3 leech seedling is collected, the condition of indoor hatching leech cocoon is specially: indoor temperature remains on 24～28 DEG C; Avoid solar radiation leech cocoon daytime and dark hatching, the ventilation of suitably windowing evening; Every 2～4 hours to the moisturizing of leech cocoon even spraying once, to keep leech cocoon surface wettability.
10. the application in leech is propagated artificially according to the indoor hatching m of the artificial outdoor product cocoon of the leech described in any one in claim 1 to 9.
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| CN105145499A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-12-16 | 贵州大学 | Hatching equipment and method for leeches |
| CN106688987A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-05-24 | 广西壮族自治区药用植物园 | Method for adjusting pH value of soil on leech spawning platform and eliminating rancidness in soil |
| CN107333685A (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2017-11-10 | 天津农学院 | A kind of artificial high density incubation ecology cylinder of leech |
| CN107372237A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2017-11-24 | 荆州市民康生物科技有限公司 | A kind of hirudinaria manillensis solid propagation method |
| CN112544513A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-03-26 | 重庆多普泰制药股份有限公司 | Artificial temperature-controlled breeding method for hirudo nipponica |
| CN113940298A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-01-18 | 山东汶源生物科技有限公司 | 48-hour high-efficiency germination and launching method for leech egg cocoons |
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| CN112544513A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-03-26 | 重庆多普泰制药股份有限公司 | Artificial temperature-controlled breeding method for hirudo nipponica |
| CN113940298A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-01-18 | 山东汶源生物科技有限公司 | 48-hour high-efficiency germination and launching method for leech egg cocoons |
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