CN104145036A - 青铜衬套和磨损表面 - Google Patents

青铜衬套和磨损表面 Download PDF

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CN104145036A
CN104145036A CN201380011481.XA CN201380011481A CN104145036A CN 104145036 A CN104145036 A CN 104145036A CN 201380011481 A CN201380011481 A CN 201380011481A CN 104145036 A CN104145036 A CN 104145036A
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lining
bronze
layer
back sheet
dipping
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R.W.布鲁斯
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C9/00Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/01Alloys based on copper with aluminium as the next major constituent
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B1/00Layered products having a non-planar shape
    • B32B1/08Tubular products
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/28Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
    • B32B27/281Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polyimides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • B32B27/322Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins comprising halogenated polyolefins, e.g. PTFE
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/08Alloys with open or closed pores
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C9/00Alloys based on copper
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/20Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
    • F16C33/203Multilayer structures, e.g. sleeves comprising a plastic lining
    • F16C33/206Multilayer structures, e.g. sleeves comprising a plastic lining with three layers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/20Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
    • F16C33/208Methods of manufacture, e.g. shaping, applying coatings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/40Symmetrical or sandwich layers, e.g. ABA, ABCBA, ABCCBA
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/04Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/046Synthetic resin
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/10Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for both radial and axial load
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2202/00Solid materials defined by their properties
    • F16C2202/02Mechanical properties
    • F16C2202/06Strength or rigidity
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2202/00Solid materials defined by their properties
    • F16C2202/50Lubricating properties
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/10Alloys based on copper
    • F16C2204/12Alloys based on copper with tin as the next major constituent
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2208/00Plastics; Synthetic resins, e.g. rubbers
    • F16C2208/20Thermoplastic resins
    • F16C2208/30Fluoropolymers
    • F16C2208/32Polytetrafluorethylene [PTFE]
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2208/00Plastics; Synthetic resins, e.g. rubbers
    • F16C2208/20Thermoplastic resins
    • F16C2208/58Several materials as provided for in F16C2208/30 - F16C2208/54 mentioned as option
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2208/00Plastics; Synthetic resins, e.g. rubbers
    • F16C2208/20Thermoplastic resins
    • F16C2208/76Polyolefins, e.g. polyproylene [PP]
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2240/00Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
    • F16C2240/40Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
    • F16C2240/60Thickness, e.g. thickness of coatings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C9/00Bearings for crankshafts or connecting-rods; Attachment of connecting-rods
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种衬套,包括具有第一轴端、第二轴端和中心开口的青铜背衬层,所述衬套具有圆柱形状和多孔青铜层。PTFE或其它合适的低摩擦材料浸渍到在所述衬套的径向内表面或外表面之一处的所述多孔青铜层中。PTFE或其它合适的低摩擦材料局部层邻近所述浸渍的层设置。所述衬套可任选地包括法兰,所述法兰也包括所述青铜背衬层、所述多孔青铜和浸渍的层、以及在轴向内表面或外表面上的局部层。

Description

青铜衬套和磨损表面
背景技术
公开的实施例总地涉及衬套(bushing)。更具体地公开的实施例涉及具有浸渍的(impregnated)聚合物层和局部(topical)聚合物层的青铜(bronze)合金衬套。
发明内容
衬套包括具有第一轴端、第二轴端和中心开口的青铜背衬层,所述衬套具有圆柱形状和多孔青铜层。聚合物例如PTFE或其它合适的低摩擦材料浸渍到在所述衬套的径向内表面或外表面之一处的所述多孔青铜层中。聚合物局部层例如PTFE或其它合适的低摩擦材料邻近所述浸渍的聚合物层设置。所述衬套可任选地包括法兰,所述法兰也包括所述青铜背衬层、所述多孔青铜和浸渍的聚合物、以及在轴向内表面或外表面上的聚合物局部层。在所述衬套接收径向负荷时,所述法兰容许利用在轴向上的载荷。
开发这样的衬套将是合乎需要的:所述衬套具有降低的摩擦、增加的载荷容量、增加的衬套寿命且其可代替具有摩擦、磨损或强度问题的现有衬套。
以上概述的特征中的所有将理解为仅是示例性的且本发明的许多更多的特征和目标可从本文中的公开内容找到。因此,在不进一步阅读整个说明书、权利要求书和同此包括的附图的情况下,没有该发明内容的限制性解释将被理解。
附图说明
通过参考结合附图考虑的实施例的下列描述,本发明的上述和其它特征和优点、以及实现它们的方式将变得更加明晰,且将更好地理解衬套,其中:
图1为位于致动器臂中的青铜衬套和磨损区域的一个实施例的透视图。
图2为图1的青铜衬套和致动器臂的一个实施例的截面图。
图3为至少一个示例性青铜衬套和在所述衬套的一个径向侧上的磨损区域的详细截面图。
图4为至少一个示例性青铜衬套和在所述衬套的相对径向侧上的磨损区域的详细截面图。
图5为另外的示例性青铜衬套的详细截面图,所述青铜衬套在所述青铜衬套的两侧上具有磨损区域。
图6为阐明用于形成具有磨损区域的示例性青铜衬套的至少一个系列的步骤的流程图。
具体实施方式
最初参考图1-6,描绘PTFE浸渍的青铜衬套的不同实施例,其容许有增加的屈服强度以及在于升高的温度下的磨损测试中和高负荷致动过程中的改善的结果。所述衬套结构可形成为在轴向和径向定向表面两者中都具有磨损区域。
现在参考图1,衬套100以位于示例性致动器110的接头112内的透视图示出。致动器110为杆状结构,其移动从而容许在接头112处的绕轴旋转并接收在接头112处负载的力。这仅是示例性的以用于描述衬套100的一种用途,但其它的用途被设想且应被考虑在本教导的范围内。通过具有增加的屈服强度,同时仍保持轻的重量,相对于聚合物型衬套,衬套100提供改善的磨损和负载特性。在不同的应用领域(包括但不限于航空工业)中,这是高度合乎需要的。衬套100具有至少30ksi的屈服强度且更优选可具有50ksi的屈服强度。最优选地,衬套100可具有至少100ksi的屈服强度。如将进一步理解的,根据一个实施例,衬套100包括对于径向向内的表面、向外的表面或这两个表面的磨损区域并且也可具有轴向向内的磨损表面、向外的磨损表面或这两个磨损表面。
根据一个实施例,衬套100还可包括在衬套100的轴端处的法兰120。法兰120抵靠接头112的开口的一侧定位。法兰120、220提供用于经受轴向载荷和抗磨损性的表面。在接头112的底侧为第二衬套200。尽管示出了两个衬套,但应理解,单一衬套可形成为延伸贯穿整个接头112。另外,可替代地形成一个或多个衬套100、200而没有法兰120、220。
在一个示例性实施例中,衬套100、200是关于主轴A对称的,意味着衬套100、200不是沿着轴A的方向劈开或切开的。根据一个实施例,非劈开的衬套以冲压(stamping)或基于压力的方法形成。在一种替代方案中,衬套100、200可以铸造方法形成或以另外的方式模塑。然而,在替代性实施例中,所述衬套可为劈开的,如在辊弯成型或其它方法中的情况。因此,尽管一个实施例被显示为是在轴向上未劈开的,但这样的结构不应被认为是限制性的,除非明确地声明。
一个实施例的衬套100、200是基于青铜合金材料。青铜合金可为称作C63020或C63000的类型且可另外地为不含铅的以用于环境安全和健康的目的。或者,如果所述衬套是铸造的,则所述青铜合金可为C95510。
现在参考图2,在致动器接头112内示出了衬套100、200的截面侧视图。从该视图,清楚地显示了法兰结构120、220。法兰120、220在该衬套100、200的制造期间部分地形成,在该衬套100、200的制造期间,将片材材料在冲压期间保持以形成衬套的圆柱形部分。所述冲压过程容许之前讨论的非劈开设计。法兰120、220为形成衬套100、200的片材的剩余部分。法兰120、220不是必需部件且在可制造过程期间通过例如切割或研磨除去。然而,在致动器110的本实施例中,利用法兰120以接收轴向负荷且为接头112提供轴向磨损表面。
衬套100也示出有径向内表面140和径向外表面142。衬套100的这些表面从第一轴端144延伸到第二轴端146并进一步包括中心开口148。法兰120可从第一或第二轴端144、146延伸。
现在参考图3,描绘衬套100的一部分的详细截面图,在所述结构的径向外层处为青铜背衬层130。背衬层130由青铜C63020或C63000形成。或者,如果形成铸造部件,则所述青铜可为C95510。如前所述,所述合金合乎需要地是不含铅的且具有约29密耳的在径向方向上的厚度。所述青铜可进一步包括约5–15%的铝且优选约10%的铝。所述合金也可包括约1–10%的铝。所述合金也可包括约1–10%的铁且优选3%的铁。所述合金另外包括3-10%的镍且更优选5%的镍。
在所述青铜合金背衬层130之上为包括青铜和低摩擦材料的浸渍的层132。浸渍的层132由粉末状青铜134形成,粉末状青铜134撒在或位于背衬层130上且例如通过烧结结合。这提供多孔青铜134,其随后用低摩擦材料136例如聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)浸渍。由于PTFE的杰出的对升高的温度、化学反应、腐蚀和应力嫁接(grafting)的耐受性,而利用PTFE。浸渍的层132具有比根据所描绘的示例性实施例的背衬层130的厚度小的厚度。可利用其它的低摩擦材料136,例如聚合物例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酰亚胺、PEEK可被用于浸渍多孔青铜层134。另外,低摩擦材料136还可包括固体润滑剂例如精细分散的二硫化钼、石墨或二硫化钨或液体润滑剂。作为进一步的代替方案,可将不同的聚合物例如PTFE和所列举的任意其它聚合物组合。
上部或局部层138在浸渍的层132上方延伸。局部层138可包括任意以上列举的聚合物或者所述聚合物以及固体或液体润滑剂的组合。尽管示出了将层132和层138分离的线,但是局部层138可以是或者可以不是能与层132区别的。所述层之间的这样的构造或区分不是必需的。局部层138具有比背衬层130和浸渍的层132的厚度小的厚度。
合乎需要的是,衬套的磨损降低且对于本实施例那是可实现的。衬套100具有约0.6密耳每100万次在100磅的负荷下的循环的磨损。还合乎需要的是,限制衬套磨损表面的磨损,使得摩擦不增加。衬套100的最大测量摩擦系数为约0.13。另外,如之前所提到的,由于环境安全和健康问题,进一步合乎需要的是使用不含铅的青铜合金。
现在参考图4,结构是以颠倒的顺序显示的,使得背衬层130在顶部。这表示这样的衬套1100:其中浸渍的聚合物层132和局部层138是径向向内地定向的,而不是如图3中的径向向外地定向的。因此衬套100可在径向最内表面或者径向最外表面上具有PTFE或其它聚合物。另外,所述结构可包括在法兰120上的该浸渍的聚合物层(图1和2),其在法兰120的轴向向外的或轴向向内的侧上。
现在参考图5,描绘进一步的替代性衬套2100,其中所述衬套包括在径向向内的和向外的表面上的聚合物层130。另外,浸渍的聚合物层132和局部层138可位于衬套的径向向内的和径向向外的侧两者上。类似地,在其中使用法兰120的实施例中,所述法兰可在轴向向内的和轴向向外的表面上具有聚合物,例如PTFE。
现在参考图6,流程图描绘形成青铜衬套100的方法。首先,在步骤500处,提供青铜合金片材130并将其定位成接收青铜粉末134。接着,在步骤510处,将粉末134定位在青铜合金片材130的表面上并使其与所述青铜合金片材结合。在步骤512处的该结合可通过烧结或其它加热过程发生且产生多孔青铜层。
在下一步骤514中,将聚合物浸渍到所述多孔青铜层中。尽管所述图描绘术语PTFE,但这样的使用仅是示例性的且可利用其它聚合物且因此不应被认为是限制性的。PTFE与青铜粉末和因此的青铜背衬层形成整体的混合物。在步骤516中,局部层分布在所述浸渍的层上方且该局部层可同时或独立地形成以形成相对于所述浸渍的层的、能区别的或不能区别的局部层。
一旦所述青铜合金片材形成有所述多孔青铜、浸渍的聚合物和局部聚合物层,便将所述青铜合金片材在步骤518处压制或冲压以形成具有所描述的层的对称的衬套。该过程产生如前所述的未劈开的衬套。另外,本领域技术人员将认识到,所述青铜合金片材可形成有在所形成的衬套的任一表面或两个表面上的层。
尽管已在本文中描述和说明了多个发明性实施例,但本领域普通技术人员将容易地展望多种用于执行本文中描述的功能和/或获得本文中描述的结果和/或本文中描述的优点中的一个或多个的其它手段和/或结构,且认为这样的变型和/或修饰中的每一种在本文中描述的实施例的发明的范围内。更通常,本领域技术人员将容易地理解,本文中描述的所有参数、尺寸、材料和构造意欲为示例性的且实际的参数、尺寸、材料和/或构造将取决于本发明教导用于其的一种或多种具体应用。本领域技术人员将认识到,或者只是使用常规实验能够确定,本文中描述的具体发明实施例的许多等同物。因此,将理解,前述实施例仅通过实例提供且在所附权利要求及其等同物的范围内,发明实施例可以与具体描述和要求保护的方式不同的方式实践。本公开内容的发明实施例涉及本文中描述的每一单独的特征、系统、制品、材料、全套元件(kit)和/或方法。另外,两种或更多种这样的特征、系统、制品、材料、全套元件和/或方法的任意组合,如果这样的特征、系统、制品、材料、全套元件和/或方法不互相矛盾,包括在本公开内容的发明范围内。
实例被用于公开所述实施例,包括最佳模式,且还使得本领域技术人员能够实践装置和/或方法,包括制造和使用任何设备或系统和执行任何引入的方法。这些实例不意图为穷尽性的或将本公开内容限于所公开的精确步骤和/或形式,且根据以上教导,许多修饰和变型是可能的。本文中描述的特征可以任何组合进行组合。本文中描述的方法的步骤可以物理上可能的任何顺序执行。
如本文中定义和使用的所有定义应理解为相对于词典定义、通过参考引入的文献中的定义、和/或所定义的术语的普通定义起支配作用。如本文中在说明书和权利要求书中使用的不定冠词“一个”和“一种”,除非明确地相反说明,应理解为意指“至少一个(种)”。如本文中在说明书和权利要求书中使用的短语“和/或”应理解为意指如此结合的要素中的“任一个或两个都”,即,在一些情况下联合地存在和在另外的情况中分离地存在的要素。
还应理解,除非明确地相反说明,在包括超过一个步骤或行动的本文中要求保护的任意方法中,所述方法的步骤或行动的顺序不一定限于所述方法的步骤或行动被叙述的顺序。
在权利要求书以及上面的说明书中,所有连接词例如“包括”、“包含”、“带有”、“具有”、“含有”、“包括(involving)”、“享有”、“由……构成(composed of)”等将理解为开放式的,即,意指包括但不限于。仅连接词“由……组成”和“基本上由……组成”应分别为封闭的或半封闭的连接词,如美国专利局专利审查程序手册(United States Patent Office Manualof Patent Examining Procedures)第2111.03节中所阐明的。

Claims (21)

1.一种衬套,包括:
具有第一轴端、第二轴端和中心开口的青铜背衬层,所述衬套具有圆柱形状和多孔青铜层;
在所述衬套的径向内表面或外表面之一处的所述多孔青铜层中的浸渍的聚合物;和
邻近所述浸渍的聚合物设置的局部聚合物层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的衬套,其特征在于,所述青铜背衬层为C63020,C63020为镍铝青铜合金。
3.根据权利要求1所述的衬套,其特征在于,所述局部层是不能与所述浸渍的聚合物区别的。
4.根据权利要求1所述的衬套,进一步包括在所述衬套的所述第一轴端和第二轴端之一处的法兰。
5.根据权利要求4所述的衬套,其特征在于,所述法兰包括所述多孔青铜层、所述浸渍的聚合物和所述局部聚合物层。
6.根据权利要求1所述的衬套,所述局部聚合物层具有约0.02mm的厚度。
7.根据权利要求1所述的衬套,所述浸渍的聚合物和所述多孔青铜具有约0.25mm的厚度。
8.根据权利要求1所述的衬套,所述青铜背衬层为约29密耳。
9.根据权利要求1所述的衬套,所述衬套为对称结构。
10.根据权利要求1所述的衬套,所述聚合物为PTFE、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酰亚胺或PEEK中的至少一种。
11.根据权利要求10所述的衬套,所述聚合物进一步包括固体润滑剂。
12.根据权利要求11所述的衬套,其特征在于,所述固体润滑剂为二硫化钼、石墨或二硫化钨之一。
13.一种衬套,包括:
在第一轴端和第二轴端之间具有深度的基本上圆形的青铜背衬层,所述背衬层具有径向向内的表面和径向向外的表面;
设置在所述背衬层的所述径向向内的表面或所述径向向外的表面之一上的多孔青铜层;
浸渍到所述多孔青铜背衬层中的一定量的PTFE;和
设置在所述浸渍的PTFE和所述多孔青铜层上的局部PTFE层。
14.根据权利要求13所述的衬套,其特征在于,所述青铜为具有约10%铝的合金。
15.根据权利要求13所述的衬套,其特征在于,所述青铜为具有约3-5%铁的合金。
16.根据权利要求13所述的衬套,其特征在于,所述青铜为具有约5%镍的合金。
17.根据权利要求13所述的衬套,所述衬套包括至少30ksi的屈服强度。
18.根据权利要求13所述的衬套,所述衬套包括至少50ksi的屈服强度。
19.根据权利要求13所述的衬套,所述衬套包括至少100ksi的屈服强度。
20.一种衬套,包括:
由青铜合金形成的基本上不含铅的背衬层,所述背衬层具有圆柱形状以及径向内表面和径向外表面;
与所述青铜背衬层结合的多孔青铜层;
浸渍到在所述径向内表面或外表面的至少一个上的所述多孔背衬层中的浸渍的聚合物;
设置在所述径向内表面或外表面的所述至少一个的所述浸渍的聚合物上的局部聚合物层。
21.根据权利要求20所述的衬套,进一步包括在所述背衬层的轴端处的法兰,所述法兰也具有所述多孔青铜层、所述浸渍的聚合物和所述局部聚合物层。
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