CN104144929B - 作为不对称相转移催化剂的金鸡纳生物碱双季盐 - Google Patents
作为不对称相转移催化剂的金鸡纳生物碱双季盐 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104144929B CN104144929B CN201380013400.XA CN201380013400A CN104144929B CN 104144929 B CN104144929 B CN 104144929B CN 201380013400 A CN201380013400 A CN 201380013400A CN 104144929 B CN104144929 B CN 104144929B
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- quaternary salt
- group
- double quaternary
- cinchona alkaloid
- Prior art date
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 229930013930 alkaloid Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 150000003797 alkaloid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 241000157855 Cinchona Species 0.000 title abstract description 31
- 235000021513 Cinchona Nutrition 0.000 title abstract description 27
- 238000003408 phase transfer catalysis Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- -1 methoxyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 45
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 48
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 38
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 36
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 35
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 34
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 22
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 21
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 19
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 18
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 18
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 15
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- FPGGLMIYNLQOID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-pyridin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CC=CC=N1 FPGGLMIYNLQOID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 13
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 12
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 10
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 8
- LOUPRKONTZGTKE-LHHVKLHASA-N quinidine Chemical compound C([C@H]([C@H](C1)C=C)C2)C[N@@]1[C@H]2[C@@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 LOUPRKONTZGTKE-LHHVKLHASA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 8
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- LOUPRKONTZGTKE-WZBLMQSHSA-N Quinine Chemical compound C([C@H]([C@H](C1)C=C)C2)C[N@@]1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 LOUPRKONTZGTKE-WZBLMQSHSA-N 0.000 description 7
- KMPWYEUPVWOPIM-KODHJQJWSA-N cinchonidine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C([C@H]([C@H]3[N@]4CC[C@H]([C@H](C4)C=C)C3)O)=CC=NC2=C1 KMPWYEUPVWOPIM-KODHJQJWSA-N 0.000 description 7
- KMPWYEUPVWOPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinchonidine Natural products C1=CC=C2C(C(C3N4CCC(C(C4)C=C)C3)O)=CC=NC2=C1 KMPWYEUPVWOPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- LOUPRKONTZGTKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinchonine Natural products C1C(C(C2)C=C)CCN2C1C(O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 LOUPRKONTZGTKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000005913 (C3-C6) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 208000035126 Facies Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000006376 (C3-C10) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- CSDSSGBPEUDDEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-formylpyridine Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=N1 CSDSSGBPEUDDEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003601 C2-C6 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000001258 Cinchona calisaya Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003444 phase transfer catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229960000948 quinine Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 125000004765 (C1-C4) haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Phosphate ion(2-) Chemical compound OP([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-IGMARMGPSA-N Protium Chemical compound [1H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZZVUWRFHKOJYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenhydramine Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OCCN(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZZVUWRFHKOJYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- LJOQGZACKSYWCH-WZBLMQSHSA-N hydroquinine Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C=C2C([C@@H](O)[C@@H]3C[C@@H]4CCN3C[C@@H]4CC)=CC=NC2=C1 LJOQGZACKSYWCH-WZBLMQSHSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960004251 hydroquinine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- DBTNVRCCIDISMV-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium;magnesium;propane;dichloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-].C[CH-]C DBTNVRCCIDISMV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 3
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004808 supercritical fluid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002769 thiazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 3
- LKUDPHPHKOZXCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=CC(OC)=C1 LKUDPHPHKOZXCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-pyrrole Natural products C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UDQMXYJSNNCRAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dichlorophenylpiperazine Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(N2CCNCC2)=C1Cl UDQMXYJSNNCRAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1CCCC1 Chemical compound CC1CCCC1 GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrogen dioxide Chemical compound O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005213 alkyl heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KDKYADYSIPSCCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-1-yne Chemical group CCC#C KDKYADYSIPSCCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Cs+] XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Cs+] HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- RSJBEKXKEUQLER-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclohexyl(3-dicyclohexylphosphanylpropyl)phosphane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1P(C1CCCCC1)CCCP(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 RSJBEKXKEUQLER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N formic acid Substances OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000005956 isoquinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005493 quinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001567 quinoxalinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=NC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)(C)[O-] MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006265 spirocyclization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- AOSZTAHDEDLTLQ-AZKQZHLXSA-N (1S,2S,4R,8S,9S,11S,12R,13S,19S)-6-[(3-chlorophenyl)methyl]-12,19-difluoro-11-hydroxy-8-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-9,13-dimethyl-6-azapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosa-14,17-dien-16-one Chemical compound C([C@@H]1C[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4[C@@H](F)C3)C)(F)[C@@H](O)C[C@@]2([C@@]1(C1)C(=O)CO)C)N1CC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 AOSZTAHDEDLTLQ-AZKQZHLXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FANCTJAFZSYTIS-IQUVVAJASA-N (1r,3s,5z)-5-[(2e)-2-[(1r,3as,7ar)-7a-methyl-1-[(2r)-4-(phenylsulfonimidoyl)butan-2-yl]-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1h-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexane-1,3-diol Chemical compound C([C@@H](C)[C@@H]1[C@]2(CCCC(/[C@@H]2CC1)=C\C=C\1C([C@@H](O)C[C@H](O)C/1)=C)C)CS(=N)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 FANCTJAFZSYTIS-IQUVVAJASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006555 (C3-C5) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DYLIWHYUXAJDOJ-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-4-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)but-2-en-1-ol Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2C\C=C\CO DYLIWHYUXAJDOJ-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical class CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKYBVKMIZODYKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diazinane Chemical compound C1CNCNC1 DKYBVKMIZODYKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000196 1,4-pentadienyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])C([H])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- HXBMIQJOSHZCFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(bromomethyl)-2-nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1CBr HXBMIQJOSHZCFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONBQEOIKXPHGMB-VBSBHUPXSA-N 1-[2-[(2s,3r,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-4,6-dihydroxyphenyl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1=CC(O)=CC(O)=C1C(=O)CCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ONBQEOIKXPHGMB-VBSBHUPXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGZJIQIVXSURR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperidin-2-one Chemical group C1=CC(C(F)(F)F)=CC=C1N1C(=O)CCCC1 XAGZJIQIVXSURR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UNILWMWFPHPYOR-KXEYIPSPSA-M 1-[6-[2-[3-[3-[3-[2-[2-[3-[[2-[2-[[(2r)-1-[[2-[[(2r)-1-[3-[2-[2-[3-[[2-(2-amino-2-oxoethoxy)acetyl]amino]propoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propylamino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-3-[(2r)-2,3-di(hexadecanoyloxy)propyl]sulfanyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl Chemical compound O=C1C(SCCC(=O)NCCCOCCOCCOCCCNC(=O)COCC(=O)N[C@@H](CSC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](CO)C(=O)NCCCOCCOCCOCCCNC(=O)COCC(N)=O)CC(=O)N1CCNC(=O)CCCCCN\1C2=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C2CC/1=C/C=C/C=C/C1=[N+](CC)C2=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C2C1 UNILWMWFPHPYOR-KXEYIPSPSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002774 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C(OC([H])([H])[H])=C1OC([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aziridine Chemical compound C1CN1 NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 0 CC(C)(C)NC(N)=C1[C@@](C)([*+]C(CC(N)=C*)=C)[C@]1C=CI Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NC(N)=C1[C@@](C)([*+]C(CC(N)=C*)=C)[C@]1C=CI 0.000 description 1
- RNXDOOUHMAVSFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)NC(C)(C)CC1CC1 Chemical compound CC(C)NC(C)(C)CC1CC1 RNXDOOUHMAVSFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000288027 Chrysolophus pictus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940126657 Compound 17 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003476 Darzens condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010020466 Hunger Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Peracetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)OO KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000035217 Ring chromosome 1 syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PSDYQSWHANEKRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [S]N Chemical group [S]N PSDYQSWHANEKRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001263 acyl chlorides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005575 aldol reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005428 anthryl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005418 aryl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
- ZMCUDHNSHCRDBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].OC([O-])=O ZMCUDHNSHCRDBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000025 caesium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 229940125773 compound 10 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940126142 compound 16 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010511 deprotection reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009307 diakinesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006003 dichloroethyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LJOQGZACKSYWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydro quinine Natural products C1=C(OC)C=C2C(C(O)C3CC4CCN3CC4CC)=CC=NC2=C1 LJOQGZACKSYWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002587 enol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006735 epoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003818 flash chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 235000003642 hunger Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960000811 hydroquinidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002632 imidazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002346 iodo group Chemical group I* 0.000 description 1
- JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropanol acetate Natural products CC(C)OC(C)=O JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940011051 isopropyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001786 isothiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-M isovalerate Chemical compound CC(C)CC([O-])=O GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000000842 isoxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZLVXBBHTMQJRSX-VMGNSXQWSA-N jdtic Chemical compound C1([C@]2(C)CCN(C[C@@H]2C)C[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H]2NCC3=CC(O)=CC=C3C2)=CC=CC(O)=C1 ZLVXBBHTMQJRSX-VMGNSXQWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004715 keto acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004811 liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HQRPHMAXFVUBJX-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].OC([O-])=O HQRPHMAXFVUBJX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SKTCDJAMAYNROS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxycyclopentane Chemical compound COC1CCCC1 SKTCDJAMAYNROS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFXSXYCSPVKZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxyperoxymethane Chemical compound COOOC OFXSXYCSPVKZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002911 monocyclic heterocycle group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000006502 nitrobenzyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000012587 nuclear overhauser effect experiment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000160 oxazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004193 piperazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005936 piperidyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011698 potassium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000003270 potassium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003072 pyrazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002098 pyridazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000719 pyrrolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bicarbonate Substances [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004646 sulfenyl group Chemical group S(*)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005991 sulfenylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003419 tautomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005958 tetrahydrothienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001113 thiadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004305 thiazinyl group Chemical group S1NC(=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001984 thiazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BRNULMACUQOKMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiomorpholine Chemical compound C1CSCCN1 BRNULMACUQOKMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D453/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinuclidine or iso-quinuclidine ring systems, e.g. quinine alkaloids
- C07D453/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinuclidine or iso-quinuclidine ring systems, e.g. quinine alkaloids containing not further condensed quinuclidine ring systems
- C07D453/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinuclidine or iso-quinuclidine ring systems, e.g. quinine alkaloids containing not further condensed quinuclidine ring systems having a quinolyl-4, a substituted quinolyl-4 or a alkylenedioxy-quinolyl-4 radical linked through only one carbon atom, attached in position 2, e.g. quinine
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0201—Oxygen-containing compounds
- B01J31/0204—Ethers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
- B01J31/0235—Nitrogen containing compounds
- B01J31/0239—Quaternary ammonium compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
- B01J31/0235—Nitrogen containing compounds
- B01J31/0244—Nitrogen containing compounds with nitrogen contained as ring member in aromatic compounds or moieties, e.g. pyridine
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
- B01J31/0271—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds also containing elements or functional groups covered by B01J31/0201 - B01J31/0231
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0277—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature
- B01J31/0278—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing nitrogen as cationic centre
- B01J31/0285—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing nitrogen as cationic centre also containing elements or functional groups covered by B01J31/0201 - B01J31/0274
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/40—Substitution reactions at carbon centres, e.g. C-C or C-X, i.e. carbon-hetero atom, cross-coupling, C-H activation or ring-opening reactions
- B01J2231/42—Catalytic cross-coupling, i.e. connection of previously not connected C-atoms or C- and X-atoms without rearrangement
- B01J2231/4205—C-C cross-coupling, e.g. metal catalyzed or Friedel-Crafts type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/40—Substitution reactions at carbon centres, e.g. C-C or C-X, i.e. carbon-hetero atom, cross-coupling, C-H activation or ring-opening reactions
- B01J2231/42—Catalytic cross-coupling, i.e. connection of previously not connected C-atoms or C- and X-atoms without rearrangement
- B01J2231/4205—C-C cross-coupling, e.g. metal catalyzed or Friedel-Crafts type
- B01J2231/4272—C-C cross-coupling, e.g. metal catalyzed or Friedel-Crafts type via enolates or aza-analogues, added as such or made in-situ, e.g. ArY + R2C=C(OM)Z -> ArR2C-C(O)Z, in which R is H or alkyl, M is Na, K or SiMe3, Y is the leaving group, Z is Ar or OR' and R' is alkyl
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/90—Catalytic systems characterized by the solvent or solvent system used
- B01J2531/98—Phase-transfer catalysis in a mixed solvent system containing at least 2 immiscible solvents or solvent phases
- B01J2531/985—Phase-transfer catalysis in a mixed solvent system containing at least 2 immiscible solvents or solvent phases in a water / organic solvent system
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及新的金鸡纳生物碱双季盐,以及金鸡纳生物碱双季盐在不对称的相转移催化中的用途。现在的发明涉及新的金鸡纳生物碱双季盐,以及金鸡纳生物碱双季盐在不对称的相转移催化中的用途。在某些基质上和在特定反应条件下,本发明人发现,在不对称相转移催化反应中使用金鸡纳生物碱双季盐,令人惊奇地提供更具有活性和有效的方法(和单季盐催化剂相比)。
Description
发明背景
金鸡纳生物碱盐是已知的相转移催化剂,用于碳-碳、碳-杂原子或碳-卤素键的不对称形成。参见Takashi Ooi and Keiji Maruoka, Recent Advances in AsymmetricPhase-Transfer Catalysis, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2007, 46, 4222-4266("Maruoka")。Maruoka评述了使用相转移催化的各种反应,包括对映体选择性烷基化、迈克尔加成、醛醇和相关的反应以及Darzens反应。Maruoka在4223页讨论了这种相转移催化工艺的优点,包括:“简单的实验过程、温和的反应条件、廉价和环境良性的试剂和溶剂以及进行大规模制备的可能性”。由此,不对称的相转移催化仍然是有机化学研究的重要领域。
本发明涉及新的金鸡纳生物碱双季盐,以及金鸡纳生物碱双季盐在不对称的相转移催化中的用途。在某些基质上和在特定反应条件下,本发明人发现,在不对称相转移催化中使用金鸡纳生物碱双季盐,与单季盐催化剂相比较,意外地提供了更具活性和有效的工艺,提供了高效率比和高对映体过量的不对称产物。
本发明概述
本发明涉及新的金鸡纳生物碱双季盐,以及金鸡纳生物碱双季盐在不对称的相转移催化中的用途。
本发明的详细说明
本发明包括具有式I的化学结构的金鸡纳生物碱双季盐:
其中:
R1选自乙基和乙烯基,
R2选自氢和甲氧基,
R3和R4独立地选自C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-6环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、-C1-4烷基-芳基和-C1-4烷基-杂芳基,其中C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-6环烷基、芳基、杂芳基以及-C1-4烷基-芳基和-C1-4烷基-杂芳基的芳基和杂芳基部分任选被一个至五个独立地选自R6的取代基取代,
R5选自氢、C(O)R、C(O)OR、CONRR'和C1-6烷基,
R6选自C1-4烷基、C1-4卤代烷基、芳基、C1-4烷氧基、羟基、CN、CO2R、CONRR'、SR、SO2R、SO3R、PR2、PO(OR)2、PO(OR)(NRR')、PO(NRR')2、P(OR)2、P(OR)(NRR')、P(NRR')2、SiRR'R''、B(OR)2、C(O)R、NRR'、NO2和卤素,
每个R、R'和R''独立地选自H、C1-6烷基、羟基、C1-6烷氧基、芳基、杂芳基、-CH2-芳基、-CH2-杂芳基,和
每个X和Y独立地是阴离子,选自卤素、OH、HSO4、SO4、BF4、SbF6、甲酸根、碳酸根、碳酸氢根、NO3、磺酸根、六氟磷酸根、磷酸根、磷酸氢根和高氯酸根,
在基质上,在含有水相和有机相的双相介质或胶束介质中,在碳-碳、碳-杂原子或碳-卤素键的立体选择性形成中用作相转移催化剂。
除非另外具体描述,否则,式I的金鸡纳生物碱盐包括所有的立体异构体,包括辛可宁、辛可尼定、奎宁、奎尼定、双氢奎尼定和二氢奎宁。
在一个实施方案中,本发明包括式I的金鸡纳生物碱双季盐,其在下列不对称反应中用作相转移催化剂:(1)与亲电烷基化剂的烷基化反应,(2)与缺电子烯烃的迈克尔加成反应,(3)与醛的醛醇缩合反应,(4) 与α-亚氨酸酯的曼尼希(Mannich)反应,(5)与醛的达村斯(Darzens)反应,(6)肟内布(Neber)重排为α-氨基酮,(7)缺电子烯烃的环氧化反应,(8)缺电子烯烃的氮杂环丙烷化,(9)缺电子烯烃的二羟基化,(10)羰基基质的氟化,和(11)β-酮亚砜的亚磺酰化。上述反应在本领域是众所周知的反应,并且Maruoka进行了描述。
本发明的另一个实施方案包括立体选择性制备式A化合物的方法
其中:
Q形成稠合的5或6元芳香碳环或杂环,每个任选被1至4个RC基团取代,
每个RA和每个RB独立地是氢、卤素、羟基、氨基或有机取代基团,一个RA和一个RB可以连接形成任选被1至4个RC基团取代的单、二或三环碳环或杂环系统,
RC是氢、卤素、羟基、氨基或有机取代基团,
PG是氮保护基,和
*代表不对称中心,
该方法包括:式B的化合物
与式C的化合物
其中W是具有离去能力的官能团,在与水不溶混的有机相中、在处于水相中的金鸡纳生物碱双季盐和碱的存在下进行反应,形成含有水相和与水不溶混的有机相的双相介质,
其中,金鸡纳生物碱双季盐具有式I的化学结构:
其中:
R1选自乙基和乙烯基,
R2选自氢和甲氧基,
R3和R4独立地选自C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-6环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、-C1-4烷基-芳基和-C1-4烷基-杂芳基,其中C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-6环烷基、芳基、杂芳基以及-C1-4烷基-芳基和-C1-4烷基-杂芳基的芳基和杂芳基部分任选被一个至五个独立地选自R6的取代基取代,
R5选自氢、C(O)R、C(O)OR、CONRR'和C1-6烷基,
R6选自C1-4烷基、C1-4卤代烷基、芳基、C1-4烷氧基、羟基、CN、CO2R、CONRR'、SR、SO2R、SO3R、PR2、PO(OR)2、PO(OR)(NRR')、PO(NRR')2、P(OR)2、P(OR)(NRR')、P(NRR')2、SiRR'R''、B(OR)2、C(O)R、NRR'、NO2和卤素,
每个R、R'和R''独立地选自H、C1-4烷基、羟基和C1-4烷氧基,
每个X和Y独立地是阴离子,选自卤素、OH、HSO4、SO4、BF4、SbF6、甲酸根、碳酸根、碳酸氢根、NO3、磺酸根、六氟磷酸根、磷酸根、磷酸氢根和高氯酸根,
在该实施方案范围内,本发明包括上述方法,其中,在式A中,每个RA和每个RB独立地选自:
(i)氢,
(ii)卤素,
(iii)OR7,
(iv)N(R7)2,
(v)CN,
(vi)C1-8烷基或C2-8烯基,两个都任选携带至多3个独立地选自下列的取代基:卤素、OH、CN、CF3、OR7、SR8、SO2R8、SO2N(R7)2、COR7、CO2R7、CON(R7)2、N(R7)2、NR7COR8和NR7SO2R8;和
(vii)C3-10 环烷基、 C3-10 环烷基 C1-4烷基、Het、HetC1-4烷基、ARY或ARY-C1-4烷基,其中任何一个任选携带至多3个独立地选自下列的取代基:卤素、OH、氧代、CN、CF3、R8、OR7、SR8、SO2R8、SO2N(R7)2、COR7、CO2R7、CON(R7)2、N(R7)2、NR7COR8和NR7SO2R8;其中,“ARY”是指苯基或5或6元杂芳基,任何一个该苯基或杂芳基任选与5或6元碳环或杂环稠合,“Het”是指至多10个环原子的非芳香单或双环杂环系统;
一个RA和RB可以一起形成至多10个环原子的单或双环碳环或杂环系统,其任选携带至多3个独立地选自下列的取代基:卤素、OH、氧代、CN、CF3、R8、OR7、SR8、SO2R8、SO2N(R7)2、COR7、CO2R7、CON(R7)2、N(R7)2、NR7COR8和NR7SO2R8;
R7是H或任选被至多3个卤素原子或被OH、CN、CF3、C1-4烷氧基、氨基、C1-4烷基氨基或二(C1-4烷基)氨基取代的C1-6烷基,或R7是苯基、苄基或5或6元杂芳基,其中任何一个任选携带至多3个独立地选自下列的取代基:卤素、OH、CN、CF3、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、氨基、C1-4烷基氨基和二(C1-4烷基)氨基;
或两个R7基团与相同氮原子连接,可以形成至多6个环原子的杂环,其任选携带至多3个独立地选自下列的取代基:卤素、OH、氧代、CN、CF3、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、氨基、C1-4烷基氨基和二(C1-4烷基)氨基;和
R8是任选被至多3个卤素原子或被OH、CN、CF3、C1-4烷氧基、氨基、C1-4烷基氨基或二(C1-4烷基)氨基取代的C1-6烷基,或R8是苯基、苄基或5或6元杂芳基,其中任何一个任选携带至多3个独立地选自下列的取代基:卤素、OH、CN、CF3、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、氨基、C1-4烷基氨基和二(C1-4烷基)氨基;
或两个R8基团与相同氮原子连接,可以形成至多6个环原子的杂环,其任选携带至多3个独立地选自下列的取代基:卤素、OH、氧代、CN、CF3、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、氨基、C1-4烷基氨基和二(C1-4烷基)氨基。
同样,在该实施方案范围内,本发明包括上述方法,其中,在式A中,RC选自:
(i)氢,
(ii)卤素,
(iii)OR7,
(iv)N(R7)2,
(v)CN,
(vi)C1-8烷基或C2-8烯基,两个都任选携带至多3个独立地选自下列的取代基:卤素、OH、CN、CF3、OR7、SR8、SO2R8、SO2N(R7)2、COR7、CO2R7、CON(R7)2、N(R7)2、NR7COR8和NR7SO2R8;
(vii)C3-10环烷基、C3-10环烷基C1-4烷基、Het、HetC1-4烷基、ARY或ARY-C1-4烷基,其中任何一个任选携带至多3个独立地选自下列的取代基:卤素、OH、氧代、CN、CF3、R8、OR7、SR8、SO2R8、SO2N(R7) 2、COR7、CO2R7、CON(R7)2、N(R7) 2、NR7COR8和NR7SO2R8;其中,“ARY”是指苯基或5或6元杂芳基,任何一个该苯基或杂芳基任选与5或6元碳环或杂环稠合,“Het”是指至多10个环原子的非芳香单或双环杂环系统;
R7是H或任选被至多3个卤素原子或被OH、CN、CF3、C1-4烷氧基、氨基、C1-4烷基氨基或二(C1-4烷基)氨基取代的C1-6烷基,或R7是苯基、苄基或5或6元杂芳基,其中任何一个任选携带至多3个独立地选自下列的取代基:卤素、OH、CN、CF3、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、氨基、C1-4烷基氨基和二(C1-4烷基)氨基;
或两个R7基团与相同氮原子连接,可以形成至多6个环原子的杂环,其任选携带至多3个独立地选自下列的取代基:卤素、OH、氧代、CN、CF3、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、氨基、C1-4烷基氨基和二(C1-4烷基)氨基;
R8是任选被至多3个卤素原子或被OH、CN、CF3、C1-4烷氧基、氨基、C1-4烷基氨基或二(C1-4烷基)氨基取代的C1-6烷基,或R8是苯基、苄基或5或6元杂芳基,其中任何一个任选携带至多3个独立地选自下列的取代基:卤素、OH、CN、CF3、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、氨基、C1-4烷基氨基和二(C1-4烷基)氨基;
或两个R8基团与相同氮原子连接,可以形成至多6个环原子的杂环,其任选携带至多3个独立地选自下列的取代基:卤素、OH、氧代、CN、CF3、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、氨基、C1-4烷基氨基和二(C1-4烷基)氨基。
同样,在该实施方案范围内,本发明包括上述方法,其中,在式A中,PG选自:C1-6烷基、乙烯基、C(O)-O-L、C(O)-L、芳基、杂芳基、苄基、二苯甲基、三苯甲基和C1-6烷氧基甲基,其中芳基、杂芳基、苄基、二苯甲基和三苯甲基任选被1至3个独立地选自甲氧基和硝基的取代基取代,C1-6烷氧基甲基任选被三甲基甲硅烷基取代,L是C1-6烷基、芳基或苄基。
同样,在该实施方案范围内,本发明包括上述方法,其中,在式A中,W选自:卤素和磺酸基。
同样,在该实施方案范围之内,本发明包括上述方法,其中与水不溶混的有机相选自:苯、甲苯、二甲苯、氯苯、乙醚、异丙醚、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、二噁烷、甲基叔丁基醚、环戊基甲醚、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸乙酯、己烷、庚烷、环己烷、二氯甲烷和二氯乙烷。
同样,在该实施方案范围之内,本发明包括上述方法,其中,碱选自:氢氧化钠、氢氧化锂、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠、碳酸锂、碳酸钾、氢氧化铯、碳酸铯、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸氢锂、碳酸氢铯、氟化锂、氟化钠、氟化钾、氟化铯、叔丁醇锂、叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、磷酸钠、磷酸锂和磷酸钾。
同样,在该实施方案范围内,本发明包括上述方法,其中,与水不溶混的有机相是甲苯,碱是氢氧化钠。
本发明还包括式I的金鸡纳生物碱双季盐,其在下列反应之一中用作相转移催化剂:
(1)在下式基质的b位不对称形成碳-碳键
其中:
G是N或CH,
Ri、Rii和Riii独立地是H、卤素或有机取代基团,
Riv选自-ORv、SRvi和NRviiRviii,其中Rv和Rvi独立地是H或有机取代基团,Rvii和Rviii独立地是H或有机取代基团,或Rvii和Rviii可以与它们相连接的氮连接形成5或6元杂环,和
当G是N时,Rii和Riii可以与它们相连接的原子连接形成5或6元单环或9或10元双环,该环除了含有氮之外,还含有一个或多个杂原子,所述环任选被1至5个独立地选自下列的取代基取代:卤素、羟基、氨基或有机取代基团;
(2) 在下式基质的b位不对称形成碳-碳键
其中n是0或1,环T是任选的环,并且形成稠合的5或6元芳香碳环或杂环,每个环任选被氢、卤素、羟基、氨基或有机取代基团取代,Rix是H或有机取代基团,
(3)在下式基质的b位不对称形成碳-碳键
其中n是0或1,环T是任选的环,并且形成稠合的5或6元芳香碳环或杂环,每个环任选被氢、卤素、羟基、氨基或有机取代基团取代,Rx选自-ORxi、SRxii和NRxiiiRxiv,其中Rxi和Rxii独立地是H或有机取代基团,Rxiii和Rxiv独立地是H或有机取代基团,或Rxiii和Rxiv可以与它们相连接的氮连接形成5或6元杂环;
(4)在下式基质的b位不对称形成碳-碳键
其中每个EWG独立地是吸电子基团;
包括:在金鸡纳生物碱双季盐和碱的存在下,在含有水相和有机相的双相介质中,基质与亲电的烷基化剂、缺电子烯烃或醛反应,形成碳-碳键。
本发明还包括具有式II的化学结构的金鸡纳生物碱双季盐:
其中:
R1选自乙基和乙烯基,
R2选自氢和甲氧基,
Ar1是芳基或杂芳基,其中所述芳基和杂芳基任选被一个至五个独立地选自R3的取代基取代,
Ar2是芳基或杂芳基,其中所述芳基和杂芳基任选被一个至五个独立地选自R3的取代基取代,
每个R3独立地选自C1-4烷基、C1-4卤代烷基、芳基、C1-4烷氧基、羟基、CN、C1-4酰基、N(R4)2、NO2、卤素、O-苯基和(C=O)OC1-4烷基,
每个R4独立地是H或C1-4烷基,
每个X和Y独立地是阴离子,选自卤素、OH、HSO4、SO4、BF4、SbF6、甲酸根、碳酸根、碳酸氢根、NO3、磺酸根、六氟磷酸根、磷酸根、磷酸氢根和高氯酸根。
除非另外具体描述,否则,式II的金鸡纳生物碱盐包括所有的立体异构体,包括辛可宁、辛可尼定、奎宁、奎尼定、双氢奎尼定和二氢奎宁。
本发明的一个实施方案包括式II的金鸡纳生物碱双季盐,其中Ar1是任选被一个至五个独立地选自R3的取代基取代的苯基,Ar2是任选被一个至五个独立地选自R3的取代基取代的苯基。
本发明的一个实施方案包括式IIa的金鸡纳生物碱双季盐
其它如上所述。
本发明的一个实施方案包括式IIa的金鸡纳生物碱双季盐,其中R1是乙烯基,R2是甲氧基。
本发明的另一个实施方案包括式IIa的金鸡纳生物碱双季盐,其中R3选自卤素和甲氧基。
本发明的另一个实施方案包括选自下列的金鸡纳生物碱双季盐
R2 | R3 | R4 | X- | Y- |
OMe | Br | Br | ||
H | Br | Br | ||
H | I | I | ||
H | Br | I | ||
H | Br | Br | ||
H | Me | Br | I | |
H | Br | Br | ||
H | 烯丙基 | Br | Br |
其中R选自乙烯基和乙基;
R3选自下列基团:
其中R选自乙烯基和乙基;
R3选自下列基团:
其中R选自乙烯基和乙基;
R3和R4独立地选自下列基团:
。
本文使用的术语“烷基”是指在具体范围内具有若干碳原子的单价直链或支链饱和的脂肪烃基团。由此,例如,“C1-6烷基”(或“C1-C6烷基”)是指己烷基和戊烷基异构体中的任何一个基团,以及正、异、仲和叔丁基、正和异丙基、乙基和甲基。作为另一个实例,“C1-4烷基”是指正、异、仲和叔丁基、正和异丙基、乙基和甲基。作为另一个实例、“C1-3烷基”是指正丙基、异丙基、乙基和甲基。
除非另作说明,否则,术语“卤代烷基”是指被一个至五个卤素取代的上述烷基,优选一个至三个卤素。代表性的实例包括但不局限于:三氟甲基、二氯乙基,等等。
术语酰基是指-C(O)-烷基,其中烷基如上所述。
术语“烷氧基”是指-O-烷基,其中烷基如上所述。
术语“烯基”是指在具体范围内具有若干碳原子和至少一个碳-碳双键及其它碳-碳单键的单价直链或支链饱和的脂肪烃基团。烯基包括,例如乙烯基、1-甲基乙炔基、2-丙烯基、2-丁烯基、1,4-戊二烯基等等。
术语“炔基”是指在具体范围内具有若干碳原子和至少一个碳-碳三键及其它碳-碳双键或单键的单价直链或支链饱和的脂肪烃基团。炔基包括,例如2-丙炔基、1-丁炔基、3-己烯-5-炔基等等。
术语“环烷基”是指在具体范围内具有若干碳原子的任何单环烷烃。由此,例如,“C3-6环烷基”(或“C3-C6环烷基”)是指环丙基、环丁基、环戊基和环己基,“C3-5环烷基”是指环丙基、环丁基和环戊基。
术语“卤素”(或“卤代”)是指氟、氯、溴和碘(或者称为氟代、氯代、溴代、和碘代)。
术语“芳基”是指苯基、萘基和蒽基。
术语“杂芳基”是指:(i)含有1至3个独立地选自N、O和S的杂原子的5或6元杂芳环,或(ii)选自喹啉基、异喹啉基和喹喔啉基的杂双环。合适的5和6元杂芳环包括,例如,吡啶基、吡咯基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、三嗪基、噻吩基、呋喃基、咪唑基、吡唑基、三唑基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噁二唑基、噁三唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基和噻二唑基。特别感兴趣的杂芳基是吡咯基、咪唑基、吡啶基、吡嗪基、喹啉基、异喹啉基和喹喔啉基。
在本发明范围内,4至7元饱和杂环的例子包括,例如,氮杂环丁烷基、哌啶基、吗啉基、硫吗啉基、噻唑烷基、异噻唑烷基、噁唑烷基、异噁唑烷基、吡咯烷基、咪唑烷基、哌嗪基、四氢呋喃基、四氢噻吩基、吡唑烷基、六氢嘧啶基、噻嗪基、硫杂氮杂环庚烷基、氮杂环庚烷基、二氮杂环庚烷基、四氢吡喃基、四氢硫吡喃基和二噁烷基。在本发明范围内,4至7元不饱和杂环的例子(参见HetB)包括前面句子中所列的饱和杂环所对应的不饱和的单环杂环,其中双键替换单键(例如,碳-碳双键替换碳-碳单键)。
应当理解,上面列出的具体环对本发明可以使用的环没有限制。这些环仅仅是代表性的环。
除非在具体范围内明确地表明与此相反,本文所描述的各个环和环系可以在任何环原子处(即,任何碳原子或任何杂原子)与化合物的其余部分连接,条件是,得到稳定化合物。
除非明确地表明与此相反,否则,本文提到的所有范围包括端值。例如,描述成含有“1至4个杂原子”的杂芳环是指环可以含有1、2、3或4个杂原子。还应该理解,本文提到的任何范围在它的范围之内,包括该范围内的所有子范围。由此,例如,描述成含有“1至4个杂原子”的杂环,作为其方面,包括:含有2至4个杂原子、3或4个杂原子、1至3个杂原子、2或3个杂原子、1或2个杂原子、1个杂原子、2个杂原子、3个杂原子和4个杂原子的杂环。作为另一个实例,描述成任选被“1至4个取代基”取代的芳基或杂芳基,作为其方面,包括:被1至4个取代基、2至4个取代基、3至4个取代基、4个取代基、1至3个取代基、2至3个取代基、3个取代基、1至2个取代基、2个取代基和1个取代基取代的芳基或杂芳基。
当任何变量在任何组成部分或在式I、II、IIa、A、B或C中或在描绘和描述本发明化合物的任何其它式中出现一次以上时,它在每次出现时的定义与其它出现时的定义无关。此外,取代基和/或变量可以组合,但要求这种组合产生稳定化合物。
除非明确地说明与此相反,否则,指定取代基的取代可以在环(例如,环烷基、芳基或杂芳基)中的任何原子上,只要这种环取代是化学上允许的、并且产生稳定化合物即可。
本发明的化合物含有手性中心,并且由于取代基和取代基模式的选择,可以含有额外的手性中心,由此,可以以立体异构体的混合物形式或单一非对映体或对映体形式存在。这些化合物的所有异构形式,无论是单独形式或混合物形式,都在本发明的范围之内。除非另外描述或另外具体说明,否则,本发明的金鸡纳生物碱盐包括所有的立体异构体,包括辛可宁、辛可尼定、奎宁、奎尼定、双氢奎尼定和二氢奎宁。
在一定程度上,取代基和取代基模式使本发明的化合物存在互变异构体(例如,酮-烯醇互变异构体),所有这些化合物的互变异构形式,无论单独或是混合物形式存在,都在本发明的范围之内。应该理解,在杂芳环的碳原子上具有羟基取代基的本发明化合物,包括:只存在羟基的化合物、只存在互变的酮式的化合物(即,氧代取代基)以及酮和烯醇式两者都存在的化合物。
术语“有机取代基团”是指含有碳原子的任何取代基团,其可以任选被取代。有机取代基团包括但不局限于:C1-10烷基、C2-10烯基、C2-10炔基、芳基、杂芳基、非或部分芳香杂环、C3-10环烷基、C1-10烷氧基、C1-10烷硫基和C1-10酰基,例如,每个任选被一个或多个下列取代基取代:卤素、羟基、含氮取代基,例如氨基,含硫取代基,例如硫酸基,C1-4烷氧基和C1-4烷硫基。
术语“氮保护基”是指在反应中保护氮原子免于试剂或化学环境影响的取代基。氮保护基在本领域为大家所熟知,包括,例如,叔丁基、乙烯基、苯基、苄基、对甲氧苯甲基、3,4-二甲氧基苄基、对硝基苄基、二苯甲基、三苯甲基、三烷基甲硅烷基、甲氧基甲基醚、(2,2,2-三氯乙氧基)甲基和2-(三甲硅基甲烷基)乙氧基)甲基、Boc、Cbz。
术语“具有离去能力的官能团”是指在取代或消除反应中能够从基质上脱离的原子或原子团,其是离去基团,包括,例如卤素和磺酸基。
术语“亲电烷基化剂”是指能够提供烷基阳离子等效物的试剂,例如,烷基卤。
术语“缺电子烯烃”是指,例如,被酮取代的亲电烯烃,例如α,β-不饱和羰基、腈或硝基。
术语“磺酸基”是指具有式R#-SO3-的阴离子或离去基团,其是磺酸的共轭碱。R#包括,例如,任选被1至3个卤素取代的C1-4烷基、任选被1至3个卤素或甲基或硝基取代的芳基。实例包括甲磺酸基、三氟甲磺酸基、甲苯磺酸基和苯磺酸基。
术语“吸电子基团”在本领域为大家所熟知,并且包括,例如,氰基、硝基、-C(O)ORxvii、-C(O)SRxviii和-C(O)NRxvixRxx,其中Rxvii和Rxviii独立地是H或有机取代基团,Rxvix和Rxx独立地是H或有机取代基团,或Rxvix和Rxx可以与它们相连接的氮连接形成5或6元杂环。
缩写
在整个说明书中,使用下列缩写。
DCM=二氯甲烷
DCPP=1,3-二(二环己基膦基)丙烷
DHP=3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃
DMF=二甲基甲酰胺
DMSO=二甲亚砜
HCl=盐酸
IPA=异丙醇
LCAP=液相色谱面积百分比
MTBE=甲基叔丁基醚
NMP=N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮
PTC=相转移催化剂
RT=室温
SFC=超临界流体色谱
THF=四氢呋喃。
实施例1
反应路线
。
(2-溴-5-氯代吡啶-3-基)甲醇(1)
在-40℃,用大约30分钟向2,3-二溴-5-氯吡啶(60 g,221 mmol)的THF(500 mL)溶液中加入异丙基氯化镁氯化锂的THF溶液(1.3M、185 mL)。将该溶液在-40℃搅拌30分钟,并加入DMF(50 mL)。将得到的溶液升温至室温,并搅拌30分钟。用1N HCl(400 mL)淬灭该反应,并加入MTBE(200 mL)。分离有机层,并用5% NaHCO3水溶液(200 mL)洗涤两次。在50℃,真空除去溶剂。将所得到的固体(醛中间体)溶于甲醇(400 mL)中。将该溶液在冰浴中冷却至5℃。用30分钟慢慢地加入NaBH4(3.6 g),同时保持反应温度低于室温。将该反应混合物再搅拌30分钟,而后加入水(125 mL)。将得到的混合物真空浓缩至大约150 mL。在浓缩期间,沉淀出固体。将该悬浮液在室温下强力搅拌1小时,并过滤收集固体。将湿滤饼在真空烘箱中、在60℃干燥过夜,得到1(45.6 g,93%)固体。1H NMR(CDCl3, 400 MHz): δ 8.26(d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.88(d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 4.73(d, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 2.33(t, J=11.4 Hz,1H); 13C NMR(CDCl3, 100 MHz): δ147.12, 138.48, 138.39, 136.14, 132.06, 62.76。
5-氯-3-(((四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)甲基)吡啶甲醛(2)
在室温下,向1(5.0 g,22.5 mmol)的2-MeTHF(15 mL)溶液中加入3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃(2.7 mL,29.6 mmol)和浓硫酸(125 mg)。将该溶液搅拌10分钟,然后冷却至-3℃。在-3至3℃,慢慢地加入异丙基氯化镁氯化锂溶液(1.3M,30 mL,39 mmol)。将得到的溶液在-3℃下搅拌3小时,直到HPLC显示转化高于97%为止。在低于5℃下,用15分钟加入DMF(5 mL)。将得到的溶液在此温度下再搅拌1小时。加入MTBE(50 mL)、15%柠檬酸水溶液(25 mL)和水(15mL),淬灭该反应混合物。分离有机层,并用5% NaCl水溶液(50 mL)洗涤两次。在50℃,真空浓缩有机溶液,得到油状的2(6.2 g,68 wt%,16.6 mmol,产率74%)。该粗品不用进一步纯化就直接用于下一步。用硅胶快速色谱分离纯样品,用5%乙酸乙酯/己烷作为洗脱液。1H NMR(CDCl3, 400 MHz): δ10.13(s, 1H), 8.65(s, 1H), 8.20(s, 1H), 5.25(d, J=16.6 Hz,1H), 5.01(d, J=16.6 Hz, 1H), 4.80(m, 1H), 3.88(m, 1H), 3.58(m, 1H), 1.7(m,6H); 13C NMR(CDCl3, 100 MHz): δ 194.20, 147.06, 146.32, 138.98, 136.41,134.87, 99.04, 64.42, 62.72, 30.53, 25.30, 19.66。
(E)-1-(叔丁基)-3-((5-氯-3-(((四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)甲基)吡啶-2-基)亚甲基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-2(3H)-酮(4)
在-2℃,向粗品2(6.2 g,68 wt%,16.6 mmol)和3(3.46 g,18.3 mmol)的异丙醇(40 mL)溶液中加入DBU(0.12 g,0.83 mmol)。在-2℃下搅拌2小时之后,将该溶液升温至10℃,并在此温度下搅拌3小时。从溶液中沉淀出黄色固体。将该悬浮液搅拌过夜,同时,将该批料慢慢地加热至室温。最后,将该悬浮液加热至50℃,并在此温度下搅拌4小时。冷却至30℃后,用加料漏斗、用30分钟逐滴加入水(35 mL)。将该悬浮液冷却至室温,并过滤。将滤饼用异丙醇(3 mL)和水(3 mL)的混合物洗涤。收集沉淀,在真空烘箱中、在50℃干燥过夜,得到4(6.2 g,87%)固体。1H NMR(CDCl3, 400 MHz): δ8.72(dd, J=7.5, 1.8 Hz), 8.66(d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.18(dd, J=5.1, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.94(d, J=2.4Hz, 1H), 7.78(s, 1H,1H), 6.89(dd, J=7.5, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 4.99(d, J=13.8 Hz, 1H), 4.80(m, 1H), 4.70(d, J=13.8 Hz, 1H), 3.90(m, 1H), 3.60(m, 1H), 1.83(s, 9H), 2.0-1.5(m, 6H)。NOE实验证实了反式异构体的双键的构象。13C NMR(CDCl3, 100 MHz): δ 168.75, 159.64,148.99, 147.85, 146.65, 137.01, 135.29, 133.56, 132.41, 129.50, 129.37,117.27, 116.32, 98.77 64.80, 62.49, 58.62, 30.39, 29.01, 25.26, 19.34。
1-(叔丁基)-3-((5-氯-3-(羟甲基)吡啶-2-基)甲基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-2(3H)-酮(5)
向4(3.0 g,7.0 mmol)的乙醇(25 mL)悬浮液中加入一份NaBH4(0.37 g)。将所得到的悬浮液在室温下搅拌1小时。加入水(10 mL),而后慢慢地加入6N HCl的异丙醇(5 mL)溶液,淬灭该反应。将该溶液升温至40℃,并搅拌3小时。将该反应混合物与MTBE(50 mL)和饱和NaCl水溶液(50 mL)混合。分离有机物,并用水(50 mL)洗涤。在50℃,真空浓缩该溶液,并将残余物与己烷(30 mL)一起研磨。将所得到的悬浮液在室温下搅拌30分钟。过滤收集沉淀,得到5(2.2 g,86%)的固体。1H NMR(CDCl3, 400 MHz): δ8.34(s, 1H), 8.15(d, J=4.9Hz, 1H), 7.74(s, 1H), 7.30(d, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 6.83(t, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 4.73(dd,J=13.4, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 4.63(dd, J=13.4, 5.7 Hz, 1H), 4.01(t, J=6.1 Hz, 1H),3.44(dd, J=15.4, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.17(dd, J=15.4, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 2.94(t, J=5.5 Hz,1H), 1.79(s, 9H);13C NMR(CDCl3, 100 MHz): δ 178.72, 159.12, 153.82, 146.45,145.83 135.72, 135.32, 130.63, 130.27, 124.04, 117.33, 61.40, 58.70, 44.12,34.01, 28.81。
1-(叔丁基)-3-((5-氯-3-(氯甲基)吡啶-2-基)甲基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-2(3H)-酮(6)
在5℃,向5(5.8 g,16.8 mmol)的二氯甲烷(30 mL)溶液中加入DMF(60µL)和亚硫酰氯(2.2 g)。将该混合物在此温度下搅拌30分钟,而后加入5% NaCl水溶液(30 mL)。分离有机层,并用5% NaCl水溶液(30 mL)洗涤。除去溶剂,并将残余物溶于庚烷(20 mL)中。将该溶液搅拌30分钟,沉淀出产物。将该悬浮液冷却至0℃,过滤,得到6(5.8 g,93%)的固体。1HNMR(CDCl3, 400 MHz):δ8.36(d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 8.13(dd, J=5.1, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.65(d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.19(om, 1H), 6.78(dd, J=7.3, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.58(m, 2H),4.06(m, 1H), 3.66(dd, J=16.3, 4.6 Hz, 1H), 3.32(dd, J=16.3, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 1.75(s, 9H); 13C NMR(CDCl3, 100 MHz): δ 178.06, 159.45, 154.58, 147.39, 145.73,136.87, 132.47, 130.42, 130.11, 123.77, 117.03, 58.51, 43.37, 42.25, 33.69,28.82。
(S)-1'-(叔丁基)-3-氯-5,7-二氢螺[环戊二烯并[b]吡啶-6,3'-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶]-2'(1'H)-酮(7)
在氮气氛中,将6(2.39 g,6.56 mmol)的甲苯(50 mL)溶液冷却至-2.5℃。加入化合物10(17 mg,0.020 mmol),并将得到的溶液老化大约15分钟,同时冷却至-3.3℃。在低于-0.6℃下,用4分钟加入预先冷却(-1℃)的NaOH水溶液(26.2 mL,0.3N)。将该反应在-1.3℃下老化3小时。将该反应用水(10 mL)淬灭。将有机层用水(10 mL)洗涤,浓缩,用IPA冲洗,得到粗品7(2.59 g,94.4%ee,83% wt,利用NMR,1,3,5-三甲氧基苯作为内标)。
将该粗品用IPA和水重结晶,过滤,在烘箱中、在50℃干燥,得到58(1.95 g,95.7%wt,99%ee,产率87%)的固体。1H NMR(CDCl3, 400 MHz): δ 8.42(s, 1H), 8.19(d, J=5.2Hz, 1H), 7.56(s, 1H), 7.10(d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.83(dd, J=7.3, 5.2 Hz, 1H),3.60(dd, J=24.9, 16.8 Hz, 2 H), 3.09(dd, J=28.6, 16.8 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR(CDCl3,100 Hz): δ 179.43, 160.54, 157.82, 147.44, 146.54, 135.80, 132.17, 130.62,129.33, 128.36, 117.69, 58.83, 51.94, 44.35, 41.57, 28.83。
(1S,2R,4S,5R)-1-(2-溴-5-甲氧苯甲基)-2-((S)-(1-(2-溴-5-甲氧苯甲基)-6-甲氧基喹啉-1-鎓-4-基)(羟基)甲基)-5-乙烯基奎宁环-1-鎓溴化物(10)
将奎尼定(11,8.1 g,23.7 mmol,含有~14%双氢奎尼定)和2-溴-5-甲氧基苄基溴(12,16.59 g,59.3 mmol)的IPA(4.0 mL)和DMF(28.4 mL)浆液真空脱气,并用氮气吹扫,然后加热到70℃,保持7小时。将该反应混合物冷却至22℃,并在22℃,用10分钟将该反应溶液加入到AcOEt(320 ml)中,同时搅拌。将所得到的浆液在22℃下老化1至2小时,过滤,用AcOEt(2 x 24 ml)冲洗,然后用己烷(2 x 24 ml)冲洗。真空干燥固体,得到粉末状的双盐的混合物(双奎尼定盐10和双二氢奎尼定盐)(总共19.7 g,产率94%)。用SFC纯化10的真实样品(IC柱,20 x 250 mm,60% MeOH/CO2,50 mL/min,100 bar,35℃,220 nm,试样浓度:133mg/ml,在MeOH中;目标峰:3至4.5分钟)。1H NMR(CDCl3, 500 MHz): δ 9.34(d, J=6.1 Hz,1H), 8.46(d, J=6.1 Hz, 1H), 8.38(d, J=9.7 Hz, 1H), 8.0(dd, J=9.7, 2.1 Hz,1H), 7.86(s, 1H), 7.79(d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.74(d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.60(d, J=2.5Hz, 1H), 7.42(d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.17(dd, J=8.8, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.03(dd, J=8.8,2.7 Hz, 1H), 6.93(s, 1H), 6.50(d, J=2.4 Hz, 1 H), 6.06(m, 1H), 5.24(m, 3H),4.95(d, J=12.9 Hz, 1H), 4.37(m, 1H), 4.23(m, 4H),4.12(m, 1H), 3.88(s, 3H),3.69(s, 3H), 3.54(m, 1H), 3.32(s, 2H), 3.23(m, 1H), 2.71(m, 1H), 2.51(s, 2H),2.33(m, 1H), 1.94(br, 1H), 1.83(br, 2H), 1.17(br, 1H); 13C NMR(DMSO-d6, 100Hz): δ 159.45, 159.07, 158.67, 156.12, 146.01, 137.08, 134.68, 134.30,133.21, 132.98, 128.18, 128.03, 127.45, 122.13, 121.89, 121.22, 118.08,117.5, 117.07, 116.73, 116.20, 115.81, 112.67, 105.09, 66.81, 65.51, 62.43,56.75, 56.06, 55.91, 55.52, 54.80, 36.84, 25.91, 23.10, 20.75。
(S)-1'-(叔丁基)-2'-氧代-1',2',5,7-四氢螺[环戊二烯并[b]吡啶-6,3'-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶]-3-甲酸(8)
将7(5.0 g,14.5 mmol)、K2CO3(5.01 g,36.2 mmol)、Pd(OAc)2(33 mg,0.145mmol)、1,3-二(二环己基膦基)丙烷(DCPP,127 mg,0.290 mmol)和水(0.522 mL,29.0mmol)在NMP(32 mL)中的混合物、在120℃、在30 psi CO条件下加热24小时。冷却至室温后,将所得到的浆液用水(100 mL)稀释。将pH值用2N HCl慢慢地调节至3~4。将该浆液在室温下老化1小时,过滤,用水(40至50 mL)冲洗,在烘箱中、在60℃干燥,得到8(4.64 g,95%)的固体。1H NMR(DMSO-d6, 500 MHz): δ 8.90(s, 1H), 8.19(d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 7.54(d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H,), 6.99(dd, J=7.3, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.33(m, 4H), 1.72(s, 9H); 13C NMR(DMSO-d6, 125 MHz): δ 180.16, 167.44, 166.97, 158.07, 149.76, 146.61, 135.39,133.09, 130.36, 128.81, 125.48, 118.44, 58.19, 51.12, 44.56, 41.24, 28.91。
(S)-2'-氧代-1',2',5,7-四氢螺[环戊二烯并[b]吡啶-6,3'-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶]-3-甲酸(9)
向8(4 g,97%wt)中加入37% HCl(40至44 mL)。将该浆液在94℃下加热至多48小时,冷却至室温。减压除去部分溶剂,达到大约总共2个体积(保留~4 mL水)。将残余物用水(20 mL)稀释,而后用NaOH(3.5N,4.5 mL)将pH值调节至2.6。将该稠浆液老化1至2小时,过滤,用水(2 x 8 mL)冲洗,而后用水/丙酮(1:1,8 mL)冲洗。干燥湿滤饼,得到化合物9(3.1g,98%wt,94%)的晶体。1H NMR(DMSO-d6, 500 MHz): δ 13.31(br, 1H), 11.14(s, 1H),8.91(s, 1H), 8.11(m, 2H), 7.49(dd, J=7.3, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 6.93(dd, J=7.3, 5,3Hz, 1H), 3.36(m, 4H); 13C NMR(DMSO-d6, 125 MHz): δ 181.06, 167.36, 166.95,156.80, 149.79, 147.32, 135.37, 133.19, 130.73, 128.88, 125.50, 118.46,51.78, 44.12, 40.70。
1-(叔丁基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-2(3H)-酮(3)
将化合物3a(10.0 g,40.3 mmol)、NaCl(2.9g,1.25 eq)和水(2 mL)的混合物在DMSO(50 mL)中、在120℃下加热30分钟。将该混合物冷却至30℃,而后加入MTBE(200 mL)和水(50 mL)。分离有机层,并将水层用另外MTBE(50 mL)提取。将合并的有机层用水(50 mL)洗涤三次。真空除去溶剂,并将所得到的固体在真空烘箱中、在30℃干燥,得到3(7.0 g,92%)的固体。1H NMR(CDCl3, 400 MHz): δ 8.15(dd, J=5.2, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.40(dd, J=7.2, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 6.88(dd, J=7.2, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.45(s, 2H), 1.78(s, 9H). .13CNMR(CDCl3, 100 MHz): δ 174.99, 160.06, 145.82, 130.80, 119.51, 117.15, 58.53,35.98, 28.80。
实施例2
反应路线
。
2-(((四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)甲基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯甲醛(14)
在室温下,向化合物13(5.0 g,15.7 mmol)的2-MeTHF(12 mL)溶液中加入3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃(2 mL,20.4 mmol)和浓硫酸(0.06 mL)。将该溶液搅拌10分钟,然后冷却至-3℃。在-3至3℃,慢慢地加入异丙基氯化镁氯化锂溶液(21 mL,1.3M,26.7 mmol)。将得到的溶液在-3℃下搅拌3小时,直到HPLC显示转化高于97%为止。在低于5℃下,用15分钟加入DMF(4 mL)。将得到的溶液在此温度下再搅拌1小时。加入MTBE(40 mL)、15%柠檬酸水溶液(20mL)和水(12 mL),淬灭该反应混合物。分离有机层,并用5% NaCl水溶液(40 mL)洗涤两次。在50℃,将该溶液真空浓缩,得到4.65g油状的14(97%wt,产率98%)。该粗品不用进一步纯化就直接用于下一步。
1-(叔丁基)-3-(2-(羟甲基)-5-(三氟甲基)苄基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-2(3H)-酮(15)
向圆底烧瓶中加入14(4.50 g,15.6 mmol)、3(2.50 g,17.2 mmol,1.1 eq)和IPA(25 mL)。将该浆液老化,直到溶解为止。在冰浴中冷却,而后加入DBU(0.12 mL,0.8 mmol),然后在低于5℃下老化半小时,在室温下老化2小时。将该反应混合物真空脱气,并用氮气吹扫,而后加入NaBH4(0.80g,21.8 mmol)。将该反应老化2小时。还原完毕后,加入6N HCl(10mL)和水(16 mL),并将该混合物加热至70℃,保持1至2小时,直到THP的脱保护完成为止。将所得到的反应混合物浓缩,而后加入二氯甲烷(60 mL)和水(27 mL)。将该反应混合物的pH值用NaOH水溶液调节至~10,并分离有机层。然后,用二氯甲烷(50mL)提取水层两次。将合并的有机层真空浓缩,用硅胶柱纯化(0至30%的AcOEt/己烷),得到目标产物15的固体(4.07g,78%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3, 500 MHz): δ 8.21(dd, J=5.2, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.59(d, J=8.1Hz, 1H), 7.52(dd, J=8.0, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.19(om, 2H), 6.90 (dd, J=7.3, 5.3 Hz,1H), 4.78(ABq, J=12.9 Hz, 2H), 3.71(m, 1H), 3.45(dd, J=14.2, 4.4Hz, 1H), 3.22(dd, J=14.2, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 2.77(br, 1H), 1.67(s, 9H); 13C NMR(CDCl3, 125 MHz):δ 176.6, 159.1, 146.3, 140.1, 137.4, 131.13, 131.10, 130.7(q, J=33.8 Hz),127.3, 124.3, 123.5(q, J=272 Hz), 122.5, 117.1, 58.7, 45.7, 43.0, 33.0, 28.7。
1-(叔丁基)-3-(2-(氯甲基)-5-(三氟甲基)苄基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-2(3H)-酮(16)
向15(3.5g,10.4 mmol)的二氯甲烷(20 mL)溶液中加入DMF(0.04 mL,0.5 mmol)。将此溶液在冰浴中冷却。然后,在5℃,加入亚硫酰氯(0.85 mL,11.5 mmol),并将所得到的反应在此温度下老化3小时。一旦反应完成,加入5% NaCl水溶液(16.5 mL)。分离有机物,并用5% NaCl水溶液(16.5 mL)洗涤。通过旋转蒸发器除去溶剂,并将粗品用硅胶柱色谱纯化(0至10%,AcOEt/己烷),得到油状目标化合物16(3.05 g,74%)。1H NMR(CDCl3, 500 MHz): δ8.20(dd, J=5.1, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.58(d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.51(dd, J=8.1, 1.1 Hz,1H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 7.12(dd, J=6.3, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 6.88(dd, J=7.3, 5.1 Hz, 1H),4.77(ABq, J=12.9 Hz, 2H), 3,72(m, 1H), 3.46(dd, J=14.2, 4.4, 1H), 3.18(dd, J=14.2, 8.7 Hz, 1H), 1.67(s, 9H); 13C NMR(CDCl3, 125 MHz): δ 177.6, 159.1,146.5, 143.3, 136.6, 131.0, 129.7(m, 2C), 124.0, 123.0, 123.9(q, J=271 Hz),117.4, 126.6, 62.4, 58.8, 46.1, 32.9, 28.6。
1'-(叔丁基)-5-(三氟甲基)-1,3-二氢螺[茚-2,3'-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶]-2'(1'H)-酮(17)
将16(50 mg,0.126 mmol)的甲苯(2 mL)溶液冷却至-1℃,真空脱气,并用氮气吹扫。向此溶液中加入预冷(-2至0℃)的NaOH水溶液(1N,1 mL),而后加入催化剂18。将所得到的反应在-1至1℃下老化几小时,直到完全转化为止。用硅胶柱色谱纯化有机层(0至10%,AcOEt/己烷),得到油状的目标化合物17(42 mg,92%IY,85%ee,R或S未确定)。
1H NMR(CDCl3, 400 MHz): δ 8.17(dd, J=5.2, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.52(m, 2 H),7.37(d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.02(dd, J=7.3, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.80(dd, J=7.3, 5.2 Hz,1H), 3.64(d, J=15.9 Hz, 2H), 3.09(d, J=16.1 Hz, 2H), 1.83(s, 9H); 13C NMR(CDCl3, 125 MHz): δ 179.6, 157.6, 146.3, 145.3, 141.9, 129.8, 129.6(q, J=32Hz), 127.6, 124.8, 124.5(q, J=271 Hz), 121.4, 117.6, 58.7, 53.8, 43.8, 43.7,28.9。
(1S,2S,4S,5R)-1-(2-氰苄基)-2-((R)-羟基(喹啉-4-基)甲基)-5-乙烯基奎宁环-1-鎓溴化物(19)和(1S,2S,4S,5R)-1-(2-氰苄基)-2-((R)-羟基(1-(4-(三氟甲基)苄基)喹啉-1-鎓-4-基)甲基)-5-乙烯基奎宁环-1-鎓溴化物(18)
。
制备19
将辛可尼定(5.0 g,16.98 mmol)和2-氰基-苄基溴(4.0 g,20.38 mmol)的50 mLIPA浆液真空脱气,并用氮气吹扫,然后加热至67℃,直到完全转化为止(4至5小时)。将其冷却,并减压除去~40 mL溶剂。用5至10分钟将该浓缩液加入到AcOEt(160 mL)中,同时搅拌。将所得到的浆液在22℃老化1至2小时,过滤,用IPA/己烷(1:1;50 mL)冲洗,真空干燥,得到固体19(7.43 g,89% IY)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6, 500 MHz): δ 9.00(d, J=4.5 Hz, 1H), 8.39(d, J=8.4 Hz,1H), 8.17(d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 8.12(d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H),7.97(t, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.85(m, 3H), 7.76(t, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.87(d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H), 6.58(s, 1H), 5.72(m,1H), 5.33(q, J=13.1 Hz, 2H), 5.21(d, J=17.3 Hz, 1H), 4.96(d, J=10.6 Hz, 1H),4.47(br, 1H), 4.07(t, J=9.8 Hz, 1H), 3.94(dt, J=12.0, 3.6 Hz, 1H), 3.44(t, J=12.0 Hz, 1H), 3.30(dt, J=11.5, 4.1 Hz, 1H), 2.68(br , 1H), 2.13(m, 2H), 2.02(s, 1H), 1.81(m, 1H), 1.22(m, 1H); 13C NMR(DMSO-d6, 125 MHz): δ 150.1, 147.6,145.0, 138.0, 135.7, 134.3, 133.6, 131.1, 130.8, 129.8, 129.4, 127.1, 124.2,123.6, 120.0, 117.8, 116.4, 115.7, 67.7, 64.7, 60.4, 59.3, 51.2, 37.0, 25.5,24.3, 21.1。
制备18
将19(0.15 g,0.306 mmol)和2-硝基苄基溴(0.104 g,0.61 mmol)的IPA(0.075mL)和DMF(0.53 mL)浆液真空脱气,并用氮气吹扫,然后加热至70℃,直到完全转化为止(4至5小时)。将其冷却,并用5至10分钟将它加入到AcOEt(6 mL)中。将所得到的浆液在22℃老化1至2小时,过滤,用AcOEt(2 x 5 mL)冲洗,真空干燥,得到固体18(0.19 g,94%IY)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6, 500 MHz): δ 9.82(d, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 8.81(d, J=8.5 Hz,1H), 8.55(m, 1H), 8.30(t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 8.13(m, 3H), 8.0(t, J=7.4 Hz,1H),7.82(m, 3H), 7.63(d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.45(d, J=3.5 Hz, 1H), 6.86(s, 1H), 6.50(m, 2H), 6.5(m, 2H), 5.70(m, 1H), 5.33(s, 2H), 5.21(d, J=17.4 Hz, 1H), 4.99(d, J=10.5 Hz, 1H), 4.49(m, 1H), 4.15(m, 1H)3.90(m, 1H), 3.53(m, 1H), 3.38(m,1H), 2.70(br, 1H), 2.10(m, 3H), 1.88(m, 1H), 1.48(m, 1H); 13C NMR(DMSO-d6, 125MHz): δ 158.4, 149.8, 138.3, 138.0, 137.2, 135.8, 135.6, 134.3, 133.7, 131.2,130.6, 130.5, 129.2(q, J=32.0 Hz), 128.3(2C), 126.7, 126.2, 125.99, 125.96,123.9(q, J=272.5 Hz), 122.8,121.6, 119.8, 117.8, 116.7, 115.7, 67.3, 65.4,60.4, 59.7, 59.4, 51.3,37.0, 30.9, 25.5, 24.9, 22.0。
结果
如表1所示,对于所示的螺环化反应来说,与单季盐催化剂相比较,双季盐催化剂更具活性和有效性。对于该实验,双催化剂含有~12至15%的双饱和化合物氢化喹尼定或氢化辛可宁。
表2和3说明了螺环化中的双季盐PTC催化剂的SAR研究。双季盐奎尼定和辛可宁催化剂都是非常有效的催化剂(项目2至5)。与双辛可宁催化剂相比,双奎尼定催化剂相对更好(项目2和3)。对于该反应来说,2-溴-5-甲氧基-苄基是最佳基团。
表4说明了不同官能团的研究。
表5说明了不同环系的研究;与单季铵化的PTC相比,双季铵化的PTC是更具活性的催化剂。
。
Claims (6)
1.具有式II的化学结构的生物碱双季盐:
II
其中:
R1是乙基或乙烯基,
R2是氢或甲氧基,
Ar1和Ar2定义如下:
I) Ar1 是:
和Ar2是烯丙基;或
(II) Ar2是:
, 和
Ar1是:
(II) Ar2是:
, 和
Ar1是:
和
X和Y独立地是卤素阴离子。
2.权利要求1的生物碱双季盐,具有式IIa的结构
IIa,
其中 R1是乙烯基或乙基,R2是–H或MeO-,和X和Y独立地是卤素。
3.权利要求2的生物碱双季盐,其中R1是乙烯基,和R2是甲氧基。
4.权利要求3的生物碱双季盐,其中X和Y独立地是Br或I。
5.生物碱双季盐,其具有下式结构:
(I)
其中
。
6.下式的生物碱双季盐:
。
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KR102448369B1 (ko) | 2014-02-05 | 2022-09-28 | 머크 샤프 앤드 돔 엘엘씨 | Cgrp-활성 화합물에 대한 정제 제제 |
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WO2018220533A2 (ja) * | 2017-05-30 | 2018-12-06 | ミレニアム ファーマシューティカルズ, インコーポレイテッド | 光学活性化合物の製造法 |
CN109180606B (zh) * | 2018-09-30 | 2021-04-06 | 浙江工业大学 | 一类具有光学活性的β-氨基酮的合成方法 |
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DE69032595T2 (de) * | 1990-01-22 | 1999-03-25 | Hoechst Marion Roussel, Inc., Kansas City, Mo. 64137 | Verfahren zur enantioselektiven Synthese alkylierter Oxindole zur Verwendung als Zwischenprodukte bei der Herstellung von Physostigminen |
EP0912563B1 (en) * | 1996-06-05 | 2004-02-18 | Lindner, Wolfgang, Prof. Dr. | Cinchonan based chiral selectors for separation of stereoisomers |
US6596870B2 (en) * | 2000-07-13 | 2003-07-22 | Brandeis University | Asymmetric synthetic methods based on phase transfer catalysis |
ATE520661T1 (de) * | 2003-06-27 | 2011-09-15 | Univ Maryland | Heterocyclische verbindungen mit quaternärem stickstoff zum nachweis von wässrigen monosacchariden in physiologischen flüssigkeiten |
GB0601286D0 (en) * | 2006-01-23 | 2006-03-01 | Sandoz Ag | Asymmetric synthesis |
PL213306B1 (pl) * | 2008-02-04 | 2013-02-28 | Politechnika Lodzka | Sposób otrzymywania wzbogaconych enancjomerycznie produktów kondensacji z kwasów racemicznych lub kwasów o niskiej czystosci enancjomerycznej |
WO2011005731A2 (en) * | 2009-07-08 | 2011-01-13 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | Process for making cgrp receptor antagonist |
US9487523B2 (en) | 2012-03-14 | 2016-11-08 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | Process for making CGRP receptor antagonists |
US9174989B2 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2015-11-03 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | Process for making CGRP receptor antagonists |
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