CN104140303A - Method for composting and fermenting pineapple stems and leaves into bioorganic fertilizer - Google Patents
Method for composting and fermenting pineapple stems and leaves into bioorganic fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN104140303A CN104140303A CN201410229144.4A CN201410229144A CN104140303A CN 104140303 A CN104140303 A CN 104140303A CN 201410229144 A CN201410229144 A CN 201410229144A CN 104140303 A CN104140303 A CN 104140303A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for composting and fermenting pineapple stems and leaves into a bioorganic fertilizer. The method comprises the following steps: crushing pineapple stems and leaves, evenly mixing together with microbial inoculant -containing peanut bran, wherein the moisture content is 60-70%; then piling, coating with a thin film so as to perform composting and fermenting; when the internal temperature rises up to 60-65DEG C, turning piles and cooling to 25-35DEG C, covering with the thin film again, repeatedly turning piles for four to five times and then completing the fermentation; and drying till the moisture content is 25-35%, thus obtaining the bioorganic fertilizer. Through the microbial inoculant, pineapple stems and leaves are deodorized, thoroughly decomposed and fermented to obtain the bioorganic fertilizer; the production period is shorter compared with that adopting natural composting, nutrients in the stems and leaves can be retained as much as possible, substances difficult to absorb can also be converted into available nutrients; when the bioorganic fertilizer returns to field to be recycled, the nutrients in the pineapple stems and leaves can be used completely, pathogen infection can be reduced, the fertility can be enhanced, the ecological environment of a pinery can be improved, the air permeability of soil can be enhanced, and the moisture and fertility preservation capabilities of soil can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to, after a kind of pineapple stem and leaf pulverizing, utilize bacteria agent pile fermentation to make the method for biological organic fertilizer recycle.
Background technology
Pineapple is Bromelia family Ananas herbaceous plant, has the advantages that growth cycle is short, biomass is high; When producing, pineapple fruit also produces the stem, the leaf byproduct that exceed fruit weight.According to statistics, per hectare pineapple approximately produces pineapple stem, the leaf resource of 90～150 tons after fruit harvest.Pineapple stem and leaf is taken as waste always for a long time, not only reasonably do not utilized, but also rotten owing to piling up everywhere, cause environmental pollution.Its major cause is, compared with the stalk of other farm crop such as pineapple stem and leaf and paddy rice, have volume large, move difficulty, be difficult for dryly, nonflammable, content of cellulose is high, the feature such as is difficult to decompose at short notice; Therefore a large amount of pineapple stem and leafs are discarded in orchard as waste and give free rein to decomposition.This not only causes the great wasting of resources, and is deposited in orchard and takies very large place, severe contamination pinery environment around while rotting.
In pineapple stem and leaf, contain the nutritive elements such as more rich Mierocrystalline cellulose, organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.According to one's analysis, in pineapple stem and leaf, contain organic matter 67.86%, full nitrogen 1.075%, full phosphorus 0.083%, full potassium 1.14%, soluble-carbohydrate 6.55%; And, sick in pineapple process of growth, insect pest is little, and soil and second stubble crop are not produced to the danger that disease and pest is propagated.Therefore, pineapple stem and leaf is good Biological resources.Pineapple stem and leaf is pulverized to laggard row pile fermentation, and adds during the fermentation biological fermentation microbial inoculum, make pineapple stem and leaf through deodorization, become thoroughly decomposed, fermentative processing, can form biological organic fertilizer.Owing to adopting biological fermentation, the production cycle, more natural stack retting was short, so retained as much as possible the nutrient in cauline leaf, the Substance Transformation that also some crops can be difficult to absorb becomes available nutrient.
The fertilizer that the is made into recycle that is manured into soil after stack retting, fermentation after pineapple stem and leaf is pulverized, this not only efficiently solves pineapple stem and leaf and piles up contaminate environment everywhere, reduces problem sick, that insect pest is propagated; Also take full advantage of the nutrients resource in pineapple stem and leaf, increase soil fertility, reduce the use of chemical fertilizer, improve the ecotope of pinery, improve the gas permeability of soil, promote the formation of soil granular shape structure, improve soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping ability, on pineapple produces, have important practical significance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method that pineapple stem and leaf pile fermentation is become to biological organic fertilizer.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
A method that pineapple stem and leaf pile fermentation is become to biological organic fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
1) get and win the pineapple plant cauline leaf of inhaling after bud annual 2～March, be ground into the stem section of 3～5cm;
2) system heap: by the peanut press pulp of the stem Duan Yuhan fermenting agent of pulverizing by weight (90～110): 1 mixes, and by this mixture uniform sprinkling, making water content is 60～70%, is then piled into stacking;
3) fermentation: the surrounding of stacking is wrapped with film, make pineapple stem and leaf carry out pile fermentation, in the time that stacking internal temperature rises to 60～65 DEG C, carry out turning watering and be cooled to 25～35 DEG C, live to continue fermentation by film wrapped again, repeat to complete fermentation after turning 4～5 times;
4) pineapple stem and leaf after fermentation is tedded or dried under the sun, making water content is 25～35%, is biological organic fertilizer.
Further, step 2) described in the weight ratio containing fermenting agent in the peanut press pulp of fermenting agent and peanut press pulp be 1: (8～12).
Further, above-mentioned fermenting agent contains 1.5 × 10
8～2.5 × 10
8cfu/g Trichoderma and 1.5 × 10
8～2.5 × 10
8cfu/g subtilis.
Further, the size of above-mentioned stacking is long 2.3～2.7m, wide 2.3～2.7m, high 1.2～1.7m.
Further, step 4) organic content is 230～240gkg in the fresh weight of biological organic fertilizer of gained
-1, full N content is 10～15gkg
-1, P
2o
5content is 6～10gkg
-1, K
2o content is 10～15gkg
-1.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) make full use of pineapple stem and leaf resource, reduced pineapple stem and leaf because stacking the smelly present situation to contaminate environment of rotting everywhere;
(2) utilize pineapple stem and leaf to make biological organic fertilizer through pile fermentation, in stack retting process, add biological fermentation microbial inoculum, through abundant fermentative processing, played deodorization, become thoroughly decomposed, desinsection, sterilization, the effect of harmless treatment;
(3) owing to having added biological fermentation microbial inoculum in pile fermentation process, compared with natural stack retting, shorten the stack retting cycle, retain preferably the nutrient in cauline leaf, due to the effect of microorganism, be available nutrient by the Substance Transformation that in cauline leaf, some are difficult to absorb;
(4) a large amount of microorganisms that breed in pile fermentation process have fixed nitrogen, divide the effect of the mineral elements such as phosphorus decomposing, potassium, along with biological organic fertilizer is manured into soil, significantly reduce the soil weight, improved soil permeability, promoted the formation of soil granular shape structure, improve soil organic matter content and fertility level, and then promote the growth of lower batch of pineapple plant.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the heap figure processed after pineapple stem and leaf is pulverized;
Fig. 2 pulverizes the biological organic fertilizer that pineapple stem and leaf pile fermentation becomes;
Fig. 3 is that pineapple stem and leaf biological organic fertilizer is manured into soil.
Fig. 4 is the technological line that pineapple stem and leaf pile fermentation is become to biological organic fertilizer and recycle thereof.
Embodiment
A kind of technological line that pineapple stem and leaf pile fermentation is become to biological organic fertilizer and recycle thereof as shown in Figure 4.
A kind ofly become the method for biological organic fertilizer to comprise the following steps pineapple stem and leaf pile fermentation:
(1) gather in the crops fruit through 6～July, win in 2～March of next year and inhale after bud, pineapple plant is all grubbed out out;
(2) the pineapple plant cauline leaf pulverizer digging out is ground into the stem section of 3～5cm;
(3) system heap: by the peanut press pulp of the stem Duan Yuhan fermenting agent of pulverizing by weight (90～110): 1 mixes, and then by this mixture uniform sprinkling, making water-content is 60～70%, is then piled into stacking;
Preferably, in the peanut press pulp of above-mentioned fermenting agent, the weight ratio of fermenting agent and peanut press pulp is 1: (8～12).
Preferably, above-mentioned fermenting agent contains 1.5 × 10
8～2.5 × 10
8cfu/g Trichoderma and 1.5 × 10
8～2.5 × 10
8cfu/g subtilis.
(4) fermentation: the surrounding of stacking is wrapped with film, make pineapple stem and leaf carry out pile fermentation, in the time that stacking internal temperature rises to 60～65 DEG C, carry out turning watering and be cooled to after 25～35 DEG C, then live to continue fermentation by film wrapped, repeat to complete fermentation after turning 4～5 times;
(5) pineapple stem and leaf after fermentation is tedded or dried under the sun, making water content is 25～35%, is biological organic fertilizer; In its fresh weight, organic content is 230～240gkg
-1, full N content is 10～15gkg
-1, P
2o
5content is 6～10gkg
-1, K
2o content is 10～15gkg
-1.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but be not limited to this.
Embodiment 1
A kind ofly become the method for biological organic fertilizer to comprise the following steps pineapple stem and leaf pile fermentation:
(1) gather in the crops fruit through 6～July, win in 2～March of next year and inhale after bud, pineapple plant is all grubbed out out;
(2) the pineapple plant cauline leaf pulverizer digging out is ground into the stem section of 3～5cm;
(3) system heap: by weight mixing at 100: 1, then by this mixture uniform sprinkling, making water-content is 60～70%, is then piled into stacking by the peanut press pulp of the stem Duan Yuhan fermenting agent of pulverizing; The size of stacking is long 2.5m, wide 2.5m, high about 1.5m;
Wherein, be 1: 10 containing the weight ratio of fermenting agent in the peanut press pulp of fermenting agent and peanut press pulp, in fermenting agent, contain 2 × 10
8cfu/g Trichoderma and 2 × 10
8cfu/g subtilis.
(4) fermentation: the surrounding of stacking is wrapped with film, make pineapple stem and leaf carry out pile fermentation, in the time that stacking internal temperature rises to 60～65 DEG C, carry out turning watering and be cooled to after 25～35 DEG C, then live to continue fermentation by film wrapped, repeat to complete fermentation after turning 4～5 times;
(5) pineapple stem and leaf after fermentation is tedded or dried under the sun, making water content is 25～35%, is biological organic fertilizer; In its fresh weight, organic content is 230～240gkg
-1, full N content is 10～15gkg
-1, P
2o
5content is 6～10gkg
-1, K
2o content is 10～15gkg
-1.
Embodiment 2:
A kind ofly become the method for biological organic fertilizer to comprise the following steps pineapple stem and leaf pile fermentation:
(1) gather in the crops fruit through 6～July, win in 2～March of next year and inhale after bud, pineapple plant is all grubbed out out;
(2) the pineapple plant cauline leaf pulverizer digging out is ground into the stem section of 3～5cm;
(3) system heap: by weight mixing at 90: 1, then by this mixture uniform sprinkling, making water-content is 70%, is then piled into stacking by the peanut press pulp of the stem Duan Yuhan fermenting agent of pulverizing; The size of stacking is long 2.3m, wide 2.7m, high about 1.3m;
Wherein, be 1: 8 containing the weight ratio of fermenting agent in the peanut press pulp of fermenting agent and peanut press pulp, in fermenting agent, contain 2.5 × 10
8cfu/g Trichoderma and 1.5 × 10
8cfu/g subtilis.
(4) fermentation: the surrounding of stacking is wrapped with film, make pineapple stem and leaf carry out pile fermentation, in the time that stacking internal temperature rises to 60～65 DEG C, carry out turning watering and be cooled to after 35 DEG C, then live to continue fermentation by film wrapped, repeat to complete fermentation after turning 5 times;
(5) pineapple stem and leaf after fermentation is tedded or dried under the sun, making water content is 25%, is biological organic fertilizer; In its fresh weight, organic content is 230～240gkg
-1, full N content is 10～15gkg
-1, P
2o
5content is 6～10gkg
-1, K
2o content is 10～15gkg
-1.
Embodiment 3
A kind ofly become the method for biological organic fertilizer to comprise the following steps pineapple stem and leaf pile fermentation:
(1) gather in the crops fruit through 6～July, win in 2～March of next year and inhale after bud, pineapple plant is all grubbed out out;
(2) the pineapple plant cauline leaf pulverizer digging out is ground into the stem section of 3～5cm;
(3) system heap: by weight mixing at 110: 1, then by this mixture uniform sprinkling, making water-content is 60%, is then piled into stacking by the peanut press pulp of the stem Duan Yuhan fermenting agent of pulverizing; The size of stacking is long 2.7m, wide 2.7m, high about 1.7m;
Wherein, be 1: 12 containing the weight ratio of fermenting agent in the peanut press pulp of fermenting agent and peanut press pulp, in fermenting agent, contain 1.5 × 10
8cfu/g Trichoderma and 2.5 × 10
8cfu/g subtilis.
(4) fermentation: the surrounding of stacking is wrapped with film, make pineapple stem and leaf carry out pile fermentation, in the time that stacking internal temperature rises to 60～65 DEG C, carry out turning watering and be cooled to after 25 DEG C, then live to continue fermentation by film wrapped, repeat to complete fermentation after turning 4 times;
(5) pineapple stem and leaf after fermentation is tedded or dried under the sun, making water content is 35%, is biological organic fertilizer; In its fresh weight, organic content is 230～240gkg
-1, full N content is 10～15gkg
-1, P
2o
5content is 6～10gkg
-1, K
2o content is 10～15gkg
-1.
Embodiment 4:
(1) gather in the crops fruit through 6～July, win in 2～March of next year and inhale after bud, pineapple plant is all grubbed out out;
(2) the pineapple plant cauline leaf pulverizer digging out is ground into the stem section of 3～5cm;
(3) by stem section system heap (the each about 2.5m of length and width pulverizing, high about 1.5m) (as shown in Figure 1), during system heap, be evenly sprinkled into every 30～40cm peanut press pulp 2～3kg (the root-rot microbial inoculum: peanut press pulp=1: 10 that is mixed with root-rot microbial inoculum, w/w), in fermenting agent, contain 1.5 × 10
8cfu/g Trichoderma and 2.5 × 10
gcfu/g subtilis;
(4) even trickle during system heap, keeps water content in 65% left and right;
(5) when being stacked to the each about 2.5m of length and width, when the stacking of high about 1.5m, stacking surrounding is wrapped with plastics film, make pineapple stem and leaf carry out pile fermentation;
(6) during stack retting, splash stacking internal temperature and change, when turning trickle cooling immediately behind temperature rise to 60～65 DEG C, turning during this time 4～5 times, until stacking internal temperature is down to 30 DEG C of left and right and is no longer raise;
(7) turning, ted, the pineapple stem and leaf after fermentation is tedded or dried under the sun, make water content remain on 30% left and right, can become biological organic fertilizer (as shown in Figure 2), its organic content is 232.1gkg
-1, full N content is 12.2gkg
-1, P
2o
5content is 7.1gkg
-1, K
2o content is 13.8gkg
-1(fresh sample content);
(8) test of the infertile field of the biological organic fertilizer after airing and recycle.
The biological organic fertilizer of preparing in embodiment is made to further effect detection below.
Getting the prepared biological organic fertilizer of experimental example 1 tests, by experimental field smooth be the wide long strip shape plot of about 1m, the biological organic fertilizer of pineapple stem and leaf pile fermentation rear support is applied to (as shown in Figure 3) in 0～30cm soil layer by 40000kg ha4 shallow ridges, taking do not execute as contrast; Then on experimental field, plant the long pineapple of 35cm and inhale bud seedling.The soil of getting 0～15cm soil layer after the pineapple plant strain growth 160d physical and chemical index of being correlated with is measured.Relatively execute pineapple stem and leaf biological organic fertilizer plot and contrast the plot soil weight, organic content, effectively N, P, K content, the physicochemical characters such as enzymic activity and microbial diversity; The growth indexes such as the plant height of investigation pineapple plant, leaf length, Ye Kuan, root length, leafiness number, root number, overground part fresh weight, underground part fresh weight, relatively execute pineapple stem and leaf biological organic fertilizer plot and the difference that contrasts plot pineapple plant growth condition.
One, the impact on the soil weight and fertility state
Detected result is as shown in table 1, therefrom can find out and use after the fertilizer that pineapple stem and leaf pile fermentation of the present invention makes, the soil weight significantly reduces, and soil organic matter content brings up to 2.15% by 1.80%, and soil available n, effective P, effective K content are respectively by 400.0mgkg
-1, 102mgkg
-1, 468.7mgkg
-1bring up to 440.0mgkg
-1, 163.0mgkg
-1, 1148.7mgkg
-1.
Table 1 is used the impact of pineapple stem and leaf Organic Manure on Soil unit weight and fertility state
Two, the impact on soil enzyme activities
Detected result is as shown in table 2, therefrom can find out and use after the fertilizer that pineapple stem and leaf pile fermentation makes, and soil enzyme activities strengthens, and urase is by the 70.1mgkg contrasting
-1h
-1bring up to 89.2mgkg
-1h
-1; Catalase is by the 1.28mLg contrasting
-1h
-1bring up to 2.85mLg
-1h
-1; Acid phosphatase is by the 152.7 μ gg that contrast
-1h
-1improve 299.7 μ gg
-1h
-1; Saccharase is by contrasting 19.2mLkg
-1h
-1bring up to 46.4mLkg
-1h
-1.Statistical analysis, catalase, acid phosphatase and invertase activity respectively with significantly (P < 0.05) of contrast difference.
Table 2 is used the impact of pineapple stem and leaf Organic Manure on Soil enzymic activity
Three, the impact on soil microorganisms
Detected result is as shown in table 3, therefrom can find out that using the fertilizer that pineapple stem and leaf pile fermentation makes has significantly improved bacterium in soil, Population of Actinomycetes, and cauline leaf stack retting is also behind field, and the bacterial number in soil increases, by contrast 0.95 × 10
6cfug
-1bring up to 4.29 × 10
6cfug
-1; Population of Actinomycetes is by 0.008 × 104cfug
-1bring up to 7.99 × 10
4cfug
-1.Fungi in soil by contrast 5.30 × 10
4cfug
-1bring up to 9.75 × 10
4cfug
-1.
Table 3 is used the impact of pineapple stem and leaf Organic Manure on Soil microbe population
Four, the impact on pineapple plant strain growth
Detected result is as shown in table 4, therefrom can find out and use after the fertilizer that pineapple stem and leaf pile fermentation makes, the indexs such as plant height, leaf length, Ye Kuan, leafiness number, root number and overground part and the fresh quality of underground part of lower stubble pineapple plant improve (P < 0.05) significantly.Use the pineapple plant height of pineapple stem and leaf fertilizer and bring up to 95.3cm by the 71.7cm contrasting; Leaf length, Ye Kuan, leafiness number are brought up to 91.0cm, 6.0cm and 25.7 by the 67.0cm contrasting, 3.9cm and 16.7 respectively; Root number, root are long brings up to 36.3 and 54.0cm by 29.3 that contrast and 37.3cm respectively; Overground part, the fresh quality of underground part have improved respectively 516.6g and 7.8g.
Table 4 is used the impact of pineapple stem and leaf fertilizer on lower batch of pineapple plant strain growth
The explanation of above-mentioned experimental result, uses after the biological organic fertilizer that pineapple stem and leaf pile fermentation of the present invention makes, soil physical and chemical property be improved significantly, lower batch of pineapple plant strain growth had to remarkable promoter action.
Claims (5)
1. a method that pineapple stem and leaf pile fermentation is become to biological organic fertilizer, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
1) get and win the pineapple plant cauline leaf of inhaling after bud annual 2～March, be ground into the stem section of 3～5cm;
2) system heap: by the peanut press pulp of the stem Duan Yuhan fermenting agent of pulverizing by weight (90～110): 1 mixes, and by this mixture uniform sprinkling, making water content is 60～70%, is then piled into stacking;
3) fermentation: the surrounding of stacking is wrapped with film, make pineapple stem and leaf carry out pile fermentation, in the time that stacking internal temperature rises to 60～65 DEG C, carry out turning watering and be cooled to 25～35 DEG C, live to continue fermentation by film wrapped again, repeat to complete fermentation after turning 4～5 times;
4) pineapple stem and leaf after fermentation is tedded or dried under the sun, making water content is 25～35%, is biological organic fertilizer.
2. a kind of method that pineapple stem and leaf pile fermentation is become to biological organic fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 2) described in the weight ratio containing fermenting agent in the peanut press pulp of fermenting agent and peanut press pulp be 1: (8～12).
3. a kind of method that pineapple stem and leaf pile fermentation is become to biological organic fertilizer according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described fermenting agent contains 1.5 × 10
8～2.5 × 10
8cfu/g Trichoderma and 1.5 × 10
8～2.5 × 10
8cfu/g subtilis.
4. a kind of method that pineapple stem and leaf pile fermentation is become to biological organic fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the size of described stacking is long 2.3～2.7m, wide 2.3～2.7m, high 1.2～1.7m.
5. a kind of method that pineapple stem and leaf pile fermentation is become to biological organic fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 4) organic content is 230～240gkg in the fresh weight of the biological organic fertilizer of gained
-1, full N content is 10～15gkg
-1, P
2o
5content is 6～10gkg
-1, K
2o content is 10～15gkg
-1.
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|---|---|---|---|
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107531585A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2018-01-02 | 栉田千秋 | The forming method and pineapple stem and leaf grinding bodies fertilizer of pineapple stem and leaf grinding bodies fertilizer |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102336595A (en) * | 2010-07-22 | 2012-02-01 | 匡石滋 | Method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer by biological fermentation of banana stalk and leaves |
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2014
- 2014-05-27 CN CN201410229144.4A patent/CN104140303A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102336595A (en) * | 2010-07-22 | 2012-02-01 | 匡石滋 | Method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer by biological fermentation of banana stalk and leaves |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 匡石滋: "香蕉与菠萝茎叶资源肥料化利用模式及技术", 《现代农业科技》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107531585A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2018-01-02 | 栉田千秋 | The forming method and pineapple stem and leaf grinding bodies fertilizer of pineapple stem and leaf grinding bodies fertilizer |
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Application publication date: 20141112 |