CN104136749B - 双燃料柴油发动机 - Google Patents

双燃料柴油发动机 Download PDF

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CN104136749B
CN104136749B CN201380010160.8A CN201380010160A CN104136749B CN 104136749 B CN104136749 B CN 104136749B CN 201380010160 A CN201380010160 A CN 201380010160A CN 104136749 B CN104136749 B CN 104136749B
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CN104136749A (zh
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石田裕幸
柚木晃广
三柳晃洋
平冈直大
驹田耕之
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Japan motor Limited by Share Ltd
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明的目的是在仅喷射油燃料的单独燃烧模式下的运转中,消除气体燃料喷射装置的喷射口的闭塞,使从单独燃烧模式向双燃烧模式的转变顺畅地进行,在向单独燃烧模式转变时,关闭电磁开闭阀(V1),将气体燃料隔断。接着,打开电磁开闭阀(V3),将残留在气体燃料供给路50中的气体燃料向系统外放出。接着,打开电磁开闭阀(V2),从置换气体积存箱(44)向气体燃料供给路(50)导入置换气体,通过置换气体对气体燃料供给路(50)进行置换。在该置换完成时,将电磁开闭阀(V2及V3)关闭。接着,打开电磁开闭阀(V2),将置换气体从气体燃料喷射器(26)向燃烧室(c)喷射。

Description

双燃料柴油发动机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种双燃料柴油发动机及其运转方法,该双燃料柴油发动机喷射油燃料和气体燃料,将压燃性良好的轻油等油燃料作为先导燃料,使该油燃料自发点火,由此使气体燃料燃烧。
背景技术
以往,公知有一种双燃料柴油发动机,其将天然气等气体燃料作为主燃料,并将压燃性良好的油燃料作为先导燃料,在高温下的燃烧室内使油燃料自发点火,由此使作为主燃料的气体燃料燃烧。双燃料柴油发动机的目的在于,通过使用容易与燃烧空气混合的气体燃料,来消除不完全燃烧,实现废气的低公害化,并且实现燃料成本的削减。
在专利文献1及专利文献2中公开一种双燃料柴油发动机。专利文献1的双燃料柴油发动机使先导燃料喷射阀位于气体燃料喷射阀的涡流方向上游侧,且使先导燃料及气体燃料向涡流的流动方向喷射,由此使气体燃料可靠地点火。专利文献2提出一种能够以低成本将已存的柴油发动机改造成双燃料柴油发动机的双燃料柴油发动机的结构。
【在先技术文献】
【专利文献】
【专利文献1】日本实开昭62-45339号的说明书及附图
【专利文献2】日本特开2003-193874号公报
发明内容
【发明要解决的课题】
在双燃料柴油发动机中,存在将油燃料和气体燃料同时喷射的双燃烧模式和仅将油燃料单独喷射的单独燃烧模式。单独燃烧模式例如在刚开始运转之后的极低负载运转区域中进行。然而,在单独燃烧模式中,燃烧残渣可能附着在气体燃料喷射装置的喷射口上而将喷射口闭塞。由此,存在妨碍向双燃烧模式的顺畅的转变的问题。
本发明鉴于这样的现有技术的课题,其目的是在双燃料柴油发动机中,在单独燃烧模式下的运转中,消除气体燃料喷射装置的喷射口的闭塞,使从单独燃烧模式向双燃烧模式的转变顺畅地进行。
【用于解决课题的方案】
为了实现上述目的,本发明的双燃料柴油发动机的运转方法包括:第一工序,在该工序中,以向燃烧室仅喷射油燃料的单独燃烧模式使双燃料柴油发动机运转;第二工序,在该工序中,在单独喷射模式下的运转中,当燃烧室的压力低于置换气体的供给压力时,从气体燃料喷射装置喷射置换气体,将附着在该气体燃料喷射装置的喷射口上的燃烧残渣除去。
由此,在仅喷射油燃料的单独喷射模式下的运转中,能够将附着在气体燃料喷射装置的喷射口上的燃烧残渣吹飞,来防止该喷射口的闭塞。因此,能够使从单独燃烧模式向双燃烧模式的转变顺畅地进行。燃烧室的压力低于置换气体的供给压力时是指例如活塞处于下止点区域且燃烧室的压力降低时。此时,从气体燃料喷射装置喷射置换气体变得容易。置换气体例如使用氮气等不活泼气体或空气等。
在置换气体的供给装置由经由置换气体供给路而与气体燃料喷射装置连接的置换气体积存箱构成时,所述第二工序可以为如下工序:在燃烧室的压力比置换气体积存箱的压力降低时,从该置换气体积存箱将置换气体向燃烧室喷射。由此,仅通过将设于该置换气体供给路的开闭阀打开,就能够通过置换气体积存箱的压力将置换气体向燃烧室供给。因此,置换气体的供给不需要任何驱动装置。
在上述本发明方法的实施中能够直接使用的本发明的双燃料柴油发动机为了实现上述目的,具备:油燃料供给装置,其向先导燃料喷射装置供给油燃料;气体燃料供给装置,其向气体燃料喷射装置供给气体燃料;置换气体供给装置,其向气体燃料喷射装置供给置换气体;活塞位置检测装置,其检测活塞的位置;控制装置,其在向燃烧室仅喷射油燃料的单独喷射模式下的运转中,在燃烧室的压力低于置换气体的供给压力时,从气体燃料喷射装置喷射置换气体。
通过上述结构,在仅喷射油燃料的单独喷射模式下的运转中,从气体燃料喷射装置喷射置换气体,由此能够将附着在气体燃料喷射装置的喷射口上的燃烧残渣吹飞,能够防止气体燃料喷射装置的喷射口的闭塞。因此,能够顺畅地进行从单独燃烧模式向双燃烧模式的转变。另外,在燃烧室的压力低于置换气体的供给压力时,从气体燃料喷射装置喷出置换气体,由此置换气体的喷射变得容易。
在上述结构中,还可以构成为,气体燃料供给装置具备经由气体燃料供给路而与气体燃料喷射装置连接的气体燃料积存箱和在该气体燃料供给路上设置的第一开闭阀,置换气体供给装置具备在第一开闭阀的下游侧经由从气体燃料供给路分支的置换气体供给路而连接的置换气体积存箱和在该置换气体供给路上设置的第二开闭阀,而且,所述双燃料柴油发动机具备在比置换气体供给路的分支点靠下游侧的位置从气体燃料供给路分支的大气导入路和在该大气导入路上设置的第三开闭阀,通过控制装置能够控制所述各开闭阀的开闭动作。
通过上述结构,仅通过控制装置对第一~第三开闭阀进行控制的简单的机构,就能够使单独燃烧模式下的置换气体的喷射自动化。并且,在双燃烧模式与单独燃烧模式之间的切换时,能够将残留在气体燃料供给路中的气体燃料或置换气体从大气导入路向大气中放出。因此,在刚切换之后,不将之前的残留气体从气体燃料喷射器喷射,而能够顺畅地进行向下一气体的切换供给。
【发明效果】
根据本发明,在仅喷射油燃料的单独喷射模式下的运转中,从气体燃料喷射装置喷射置换气体,由此能够将附着在气体燃料喷射装置的喷射口上的燃烧残渣吹飞。由此,能够防止气体燃料喷射装置的喷射口的闭塞,能够顺畅地进行从单独燃烧模式向双燃烧模式的转变。另外,在活塞处于下止点区域且燃烧室为低压时,从气体燃料喷射装置喷射置换气体,由此置换气体的喷射变得容易。
附图说明
图1是本发明方法及装置的一实施方式的双燃料柴油发动机的主视剖视图。
图2是上述实施方式的双燃料柴油发动机的横向剖视图。
图3是表示上述实施方式中的燃烧室内压力与置换气体喷射时期的关系的线图。
图4是表示在上述实施方式中进行置换气体喷射的操作顺序的图表。
具体实施方式
以下,使用图示的实施方式,对本发明进行详细地说明。但是,该实施方式中记载的构成部件的尺寸、材质、形状及其相对配置等只要没有特别特定的记载,就不是将本发明的范围仅限定于此的意思。
基于图1~图4,对适用了本发明的双燃料柴油发动机的一实施方式进行说明。本实施方式是将本发明适用于二冲程的双燃料柴油发动机的例子。
在图1中,本实施方式的双燃料柴油发动机10具备圆筒状的气缸12、与气缸12的上端结合的气缸盖14及在气缸12的内部收容成往复运动自如的活塞16。通过气缸12的周壁12a、气缸盖14及活塞16的顶面16a,形成燃烧室c。在活塞16的外周面设有活塞环18,来将活塞外周面与气缸周壁12a之间密封。
在气缸下部区域的周壁12a上沿周向等间隔地开设有多个扫气端口20。扫气端口20形成在比处于下止点区域的活塞16的顶面16a(图1中用双点划线表示)靠上方的位置,在活塞16位于下止点区域时,从扫气端口20向燃烧室c供给空气。
另外,在气缸盖14的中央开设有排气端口,并且在该排气端口设有对该排气端口进行开闭的排气阀22。该排气阀22在活塞16处于上升行程的扫气行程时打开,直至活塞16到达上止点的跟前约100°的位置为止。并且,通过从扫气端口20向燃烧室c供给的空气,对残留在燃烧室c中的前一行程的排气进行扫气。
在气缸盖14上,在排气阀22的周围设有2组双燃料喷射装置24a及24b。双燃料喷射装置24a、24b在相对于气缸12的中心轴线对称的位置彼此以180°间隔配置。双燃料喷射装置24a、24b由气体燃料喷射器26和先导燃料喷射器28构成,该气体燃料喷射器26向燃烧室c喷射天然气等气体燃料g,该先导燃料喷射器28同样向燃烧室c喷射压燃性良好的油燃料o。
气体燃料喷射器26及先导燃料喷射器28通过线缆32而与发动机控制单元(ECU)30连接,燃料喷射动作由ECU12控制。ECU30经由线缆38而与检测曲轴34的旋转角的曲轴角传感器36连接。ECU30从曲轴角传感器36经由线缆38来接收曲轴34的旋转角的检测信号,由此检测活塞16的相位。
气体燃料喷射器26及先导燃料喷射器28根据从ECU30发送的信号,在规定的时刻向燃烧室c喷射气体燃料g及油燃料o。在活塞16处于上止点附近(例如,上止点的0°~10°跟前)时,气体燃料喷射器26及先导燃料喷射器28大致同时地喷射各自的燃料。在处于高温气氛下的燃烧室c中,压燃性良好的油燃料o自发点火,由此,大致同时喷射的气体燃料g燃烧,在燃烧室c中生成火焰。
在双燃料柴油发动机10的附近设有油燃料积存箱40、气体燃料积存箱42及置换气体积存箱44。油燃料积存箱40和双燃料喷射装置24a、24b的油燃料喷射器28由油燃料供给路46连接。在油燃料供给路46上设有液压泵48。气体燃料积存箱42和双燃料喷射装置24a、24b的气体燃料喷射器26由气体燃料供给路50连接。在油燃料积存箱40中积存有油燃料,在气体燃料积存箱42中以加压状态积存有天然气等气体燃料。
在气体燃料供给路50上设有电磁开闭阀V1。气体燃料供给路50与置换气体积存箱44由置换气体供给路52连接。置换气体供给路52在电磁开闭阀V1的下游侧与气体燃料供给路50连接。在置换气体积存箱44中以加压状态积存有氮气等不活泼气体或空气来作为置换气体。另外,在气体燃料供给路50上,在比置换气体供给路52的连接点靠下游侧的位置连接有大气导入路54。在大气导入路54上设有电磁开闭阀V3。液压泵48及电磁开闭阀V1~V3与ECU30由线缆56连接,并由ECU30控制它们的工作。
在这样的结构中,除了极低负载运转区域之外,通常从双燃料喷射装置24a、24b喷射气体燃料g及油燃料o这两方(双燃烧模式)。在从通常负载运转向极低负载运转区域转变的情况下,或者在其他的状况下,从气体燃料喷射器26停止气体燃料的喷射,从油燃料喷射器28仅喷射油燃料o(单独燃烧模式)。
在图3中,线A表示燃烧室c的压力,线B表示置换气体积存箱44内的置换气体的压力,线C表示从气体燃料喷射器26喷射置换气体的时期。置换气体积存箱44内的置换气体压力保持为恒定。从气体燃料喷射器26喷射置换气体的时期d被选择成为活塞16位于下止点区域且燃烧室c的压力比置换气体积存箱44内压力低的时间带R。
在从双燃烧模式向单独燃烧模式转变时,在本实施方式中,通过ECU30,以图4所示的顺序来进行电磁开闭阀V1、V2及V3的开闭动作。在图4中,在双燃烧模式时,通过ECU30的控制,电磁开闭阀V1打开,电磁开闭阀V2及V3关闭。在向单独燃烧模式转变时,关闭电磁开闭阀V1,将气体燃料隔断。接着,打开电磁开闭阀V3,将残留在气体燃料供给路50中的气体燃料向系统外放出。
接着,打开电磁开闭阀V2,从置换气体积存箱44向气体燃料供给路50导入置换气体,通过置换气体对气体燃料供给路50进行置换。若该置换完成,则将电磁开闭阀V2及V3关闭。接着,打开电磁开闭阀V2,将置换气体从气体燃料喷射器26喷射。由此,在单独燃烧模式时,将附着在气体燃料喷射器26的喷射口上的燃烧残渣吹飞,从而能够防止该喷射口的闭塞。
接着,为了从该状态向双燃烧模式返回,首先,关闭电磁开闭阀V2,之后,打开电磁开闭阀V3,将气体燃料供给路50的置换气体向系统外放出。接着,打开电磁开闭阀V1,通过气体燃料对气体燃料供给路50进行置换。接着,关闭电磁开闭阀V3,将气体燃料g向气体燃料喷射器26供给。
根据本实施方式,在仅喷射油燃料o的单独喷射模式下的运转中,从气体燃料喷射器26喷射置换气体,由此能够将附着在气体燃料喷射器26的喷射口上的燃烧残渣吹飞。由此,能够消除气体燃料喷射器26的喷射口的闭塞,能够使从单独燃烧模式向双燃烧模式的转变顺畅地进行。另外,在活塞16处于下止点区域且燃烧室c的压力比置换气体积存箱44的内部压力低的时间带R,喷射置换气体,由此置换气体的喷射变得容易。
而且,仅通过ECU30将电磁开闭阀V2打开,不活泼气体积存箱44内的置换气体就在自己的压力的作用下从气体燃料喷射器26喷射。因此,置换气体的喷射不需要任何驱动装置,从而成为低成本。另外,仅通过ECU30对电磁开闭阀V1、V2及V3进行控制这样的简单的控制机构就能够实现自动化。而且,在双燃烧模式与单独燃烧模式之间的切换时,能够将残留在气体燃料供给路50中的气体燃料或置换气体从大气导入路54向大气中放出。因此,在刚切换之后,不将之前的残留气体从气体燃料喷射器26喷射,而能够顺畅地进行向下一气体的切换供给。
需要说明的是,本实施方式是在气缸盖14上设有2组双燃料喷射装置24a、24b的例子,但是即使双燃料喷射装置为1组或3组以上,也能够适用本发明。另外,本实施方式是将本发明适用于二冲程的双燃料柴油发动机的例子,但本发明也能够适用于四冲程的双燃料柴油发动机。
【工业实用性】
根据本发明,在仅喷射油燃料的单独燃烧模式下的运转中,能够消除气体燃料喷射装置的喷射口的闭塞,能够使从单独燃烧模式向双燃烧模式的转变顺畅地进行。

Claims (2)

1.一种双燃料柴油发动机,其具备气缸、在该气缸内往复运动的活塞、与该气缸一起形成燃烧室的气缸盖、喷射油燃料的先导燃料喷射装置及喷射气体燃料的气体燃料喷射装置,所述双燃料柴油发动机的特征在于,具备:
油燃料供给装置,其向所述先导燃料喷射装置供给油燃料;
气体燃料供给装置,其向所述气体燃料喷射装置供给气体燃料;
置换气体供给装置,其向所述气体燃料喷射装置供给置换气体;
活塞位置检测装置,其检测所述活塞的位置;
控制装置,其在向所述燃烧室仅喷射油燃料的单独燃烧模式下的运转中,在所述燃烧室的压力低于置换气体的供给压力时,从所述气体燃料喷射装置喷射置换气体,
所述气体燃料供给装置包括经由气体燃料供给路而与所述气体燃料喷射装置连接的气体燃料积存箱和在该气体燃料供给路上设置的第一开闭阀,
所述置换气体供给装置包括在所述第一开闭阀的下游侧经由从所述气体燃料供给路分支的置换气体供给路而连接的置换气体积存箱和在该置换气体供给路上设置的第二开闭阀,
而且,所述双燃料柴油发动机具备在比所述置换气体供给路的分支点靠下游侧的位置从所述气体燃料供给路分支的大气导入路和在该大气导入路上设置的第三开闭阀,
通过所述控制装置能够控制所述第一开闭阀、所述第二开闭阀及所述第三开闭阀,
所述控制装置在从向所述燃烧室喷射所述气体燃料及所述油燃料这两方的双燃烧模式向所述单独燃烧模式转变时,
关闭所述第一开闭阀,将所述气体燃料隔断,
接着,打开所述第三开闭阀,将残留在所述气体燃料供给路中的所述气体燃料向系统外放出,
接着,打开所述第二开闭阀,从所述置换气体积存箱向所述气体燃料供给路导入所述置换气体,通过所述置换气体对所述气体燃料供给路进行置换。
2.根据权利要求1所述的双燃料柴油发动机,其特征在于,
所述控制装置在通过所述置换气体对所述气体燃料供给路进行的置换完成时,将所述第二开闭阀及所述第三开闭阀关闭,
接着,打开所述第二开闭阀,将所述置换气体从所述气体燃料喷射装置喷射。
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