CN104086736A - 一种新型隧道吸音板材料及其制作方法 - Google Patents

一种新型隧道吸音板材料及其制作方法 Download PDF

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CN104086736A
CN104086736A CN201410348516.5A CN201410348516A CN104086736A CN 104086736 A CN104086736 A CN 104086736A CN 201410348516 A CN201410348516 A CN 201410348516A CN 104086736 A CN104086736 A CN 104086736A
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吴如舟
刘茂刚
洪波
王胜军
杨昌华
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Qingdao Xinyutian Chemical Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种原料来源广、制造方便、吸音效果好、价格低廉的新型隧道吸音板材料及其制备方法。技术方案是:其特征是由多元醇、催化剂、异氰酸酯化合物和沙子组成,其中,所述多元醇为聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇或聚酯多元醇与聚醚多元醇的混合物。本发明还公开了其生产方法。

Description

一种新型隧道吸音板材料及其制作方法
技术领域
本发明涉及隧道吸音板材料及其制备方法领域,具体涉及到一种原料来源广、制造方便、吸音效果好且价格低廉的新型隧道吸音板材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
噪声污染已成为当今世界污染的三大问题之一,对人、动物、仪器仪表以及建筑物均构成危害,妨害人们正常生活,并可能对设备仪器等的使用寿命造成影响。其危害程度主要取决于噪声的频率、强度及暴露时间。除声降噪已经逐渐演变成为一个有关高科技、环境以及人类协调发展继续解决的重要课题,对吸声材料的研究也演变成一个重要课题。 
隧道是在既有的建筑或土石结构中挖出来的通道,可给行人、自行车、一般道路交通、机动车、铁路交通、或运河使用。在各种车辆事故中,隧道火灾事故抢救最难、中断行车时间最长、经济损失也最大。因此,对于隧道材料的要求也较高,其中包括必需是不能燃烧的材料、无毒的材料、不能产生粉尘等造成二次污染、需要使用环保产品、必需能用水冲洗、必需要经久耐用、必需能够承受极大的风压等要求。目前的隧道吸声材料主要有珍珠岩吸音板和发泡铝吸音板,泡沫类吸音材料均为泡沫金属材料,这两类材料吸音性能较为优越,但这类材料的价格较为昂贵。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的不足,提供一种原料来源广、制造方便、吸音效果好、价格低廉的新型隧道吸音板材料及其制备方法。
本发明的技术方案是:新型隧道吸音板材料,其特征是由多元醇、催化剂、异氰酸酯化合物和沙子组成,
其中,所述多元醇为聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇或聚酯多元醇与聚醚多元醇的混合物;
所述聚酯多元醇为醇和酸在钛酸酯催化剂的作用下合成出分子量为300-2000,官能度为2-4的聚酯多元醇,所述醇为下列之一或任意几中醇的混合物:乙二醇、二乙二醇、1.4-丁二醇、1.6-己二醇、新戊二醇、2-甲基丙二醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇;所述酸为下列之一或任意几种醇的混合物:己二酸、癸二酸、马来酸酐、富马酸、丁二酸、对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸酐、十二碳二酸;
所述聚醚多元醇为:聚醚分子量200-2000,官能度2-4,EO/PO=0-50/100;
所述催化剂由一种催化剂或几种催化剂的混合物加入到一种催化剂溶剂或几种催化剂溶剂的混合物中混合而成,其中,催化剂为:有机锡类催化剂、胺类催化剂、有机铋催化剂;催化剂用溶剂为二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、丁酮、甲苯、乙酸丁酯、甲酸甲酯;
所述异氰酸酯化合物为:甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、多亚甲基多异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯与多羟基化合物的之一或任意几种组合的混合物。
所述沙子的粒径小于10目。
新型隧道吸音板材料的制造方法,其特征是包括下列步骤:
(1)将沙子在90-120℃干燥1小时以上,测水分小于0.1%时出料;
(2)将部分多元醇与催化剂混合均匀作为A组分,将异氰酸酯化合物混合均匀作为B组分,或将异氰酸酯化合物与剩余的多元醇以一定比例反应后的预聚体作为B组分;
(3)将A、B组分按照加入到沙子中,搅拌均匀,然后转入到温度为60-100℃的模具中,合模后,熟化10-60分钟,然后开模在室温熟化24小时后成型。
本发明的效果是:
本发明的隧道吸音板由双组份聚合物与具有合适粒径的沙子混合均匀后,转移到模具中模压成型,然后在一定温度下固化,制品是一定厚度多孔状板材。具有优异的强度、吸音效果、耐水解性能、耐高低温老化性。是交通隧道内壁、高档会议室、影剧院、礼堂等场所的理想吸音材料。
下面结合不限定实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。 
具体实施方式
新型隧道吸音板材料,由多元醇、催化剂、异氰酸酯化合物和沙子组成,
其中,所述多元醇为聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇或聚酯多元醇与聚醚多元醇的混合物;
所述聚酯多元醇为醇和酸在钛酸酯催化剂的作用下合成出分子量为300-2000,官能度为2-4的聚酯多元醇,所述醇为下列之一或任意几中醇的混合物:乙二醇、二乙二醇、1.4-丁二醇、1.6-己二醇、新戊二醇、2-甲基丙二醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇;所述酸为下列之一或任意几种醇的混合物:己二酸、癸二酸、马来酸酐、富马酸、丁二酸、对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸酐、十二碳二酸;
所述聚醚多元醇为:聚醚分子量200-2000,官能度2-4,EO/PO=0-50/100;
所述催化剂由一种催化剂或几种催化剂的混合物加入到一种催化剂溶剂或几种催化剂溶剂的混合物中混合而成,其中,催化剂为:有机锡类催化剂、胺类催化剂、有机铋催化剂;催化剂用溶剂为二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、丁酮、甲苯、乙酸丁酯、甲酸甲酯;
所述异氰酸酯化合物为:甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、多亚甲基多异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯与多羟基化合物的之一或任意几种组合的混合物。
所述沙子的粒径小于10目。
新型隧道吸音板材料的制造方法,包括下列步骤:
(1)将沙子在90-120℃干燥1小时以上,测水分小于0.1%时出料;
(2)将部分多元醇与催化剂混合均匀作为A组分,将异氰酸酯化合物混合均匀作为B组分,或将异氰酸酯化合物与剩余的多元醇以一定比例反应后的预聚体作为B组分;
(3)将A、B组分按照加入到沙子中,搅拌均匀,然后转入到温度为60-100℃的模具中,合模后,熟化10-60分钟,然后开模在室温熟化24小时后成型。
对所得制品的物理性能及吸音效果进行测试,所得结果如下:
 表 1 制品性能测试结果 
实验项目 厚度 面密度 抗裂强度 燃烧等级 甲醛释放量 融冻试验 吸声性(含空腔结构)
制品A 6mm 每平米约10kg 1.3MPa A <0.2mg >90% 0.85
制品B 6mm 每平米约10kg 1.5MPa A <0.2mg >90% 0.85
制品C 6mm 每平米约10kg 1.2MPa A <0.2mg >86% 0.80
    从表1可以看出,本发明的具体实施例中所得的制品A,B,C的吸音系数NCR均大于或等于0.80,说明本次发明中所得制品具有非常好的吸音效果,可用于隧道领域的吸音。

Claims (3)

1.新型隧道吸音板材料,其特征是由多元醇、催化剂、异氰酸酯化合物和沙子组成,
其中,所述多元醇为聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇或聚酯多元醇与聚醚多元醇的混合物;
所述聚酯多元醇为醇和酸在钛酸酯催化剂的作用下合成出分子量为300-2000,官能度为2-4的聚酯多元醇,所述醇为下列之一或任意几中醇的混合物:乙二醇、二乙二醇、1.4-丁二醇、1.6-己二醇、新戊二醇、2-甲基丙二醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇;所述酸为下列之一或任意几种醇的混合物:己二酸、癸二酸、马来酸酐、富马酸、丁二酸、对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸酐、十二碳二酸;
所述聚醚多元醇为:聚醚分子量200-2000,官能度2-4,EO/PO=0-50/100;
所述催化剂由一种催化剂或几种催化剂的混合物加入到一种催化剂溶剂或几种催化剂溶剂的混合物中混合而成,其中,催化剂为:有机锡类催化剂、胺类催化剂、有机铋催化剂;催化剂用溶剂为二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、丁酮、甲苯、乙酸丁酯、甲酸甲酯;
所述异氰酸酯化合物为:甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、多亚甲基多异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯与多羟基化合物的之一或任意几种组合的混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的新型隧道吸音板材料,其特征是所述沙子的粒径小于10目。
3.如上述各权利要求之1所述的新型隧道吸音板材料的制造方法,其特征是包括下列步骤:
(1)将沙子在90-120℃干燥1小时以上,测水分小于0.1%时出料;
(2)将部分多元醇与催化剂混合均匀作为A组分,将异氰酸酯化合物混合均匀作为B组分,或将异氰酸酯化合物与剩余的多元醇以一定比例反应后的预聚体作为B组分;
(3)将A、B组分加入到沙子中,搅拌均匀,然后转入到温度为60-100℃的模具中,合模后,熟化10-60分钟,然后开模在室温熟化24小时后成型。
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