CN104067006A - 紧固元件和用于安装所述紧固元件的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于形状锁合、材料接合和/或力锁合布置于复合纤维部件(14)之上或之内的紧固元件(1)。根据本发明,所述紧固元件(1)包括套筒状部分(2),在其第一端部(3)上形成渐细的圆锥形或圆锥状部分(4),其中在圆锥形或圆锥状部分中形成有多个槽(5),所述槽在紧固元件(1)的纵向范围的方向上取向,以这种方式将圆锥形或圆锥状部分(4)细分成各个部段(6),其中在套筒状部分的第二端部(8)上布置有保持部分(9),所述保持部分(9)与套筒状部分(2)成直角的角度,以这种方式增加套筒状部分(2)的外径(A)并形成平面状支承面(10、11)。本发明还涉及用于安装紧固元件(1)的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及根据权利要求1前序部分的用于形状锁合、材料接合和/或力锁合布置于复合纤维部件之上或之内的一种紧固元件。此外,本发明涉及根据权利要求7前序部分所述的用于组装紧固元件的一种方法。
背景技术
在现有技术中,连接元件通过螺纹连接、铆接和/或粘合剂粘结而装配到复合纤维部件上。这种复合纤维部件例如是纤维增强的热塑性板材。
EP 1158186 A1描述了一种紧固元件,其构造成空心铆钉且其具有内螺纹和多边形横截面。该紧固元件具有套筒状部分,在其一端部处布置有保持部分,所述保持部分远离套筒状部分弯曲,从而增加套筒状部分的外径并形成平面状抵接面。
DE 1781630 U公开了包括两部分的铆钉。第一部分由中空筒状体形成,所述中空筒状体具有上端部和预期带法兰的端部。第二部分包括筒状杆,其外径对应于所述铆钉的内径。杆在其一端部处具有圆锥形的扩展部分,所述圆锥形扩展部分的最大直径对应于所述铆钉的外径。
US 3,515,419 A公开了一种两部分式的紧固元件,其包括销和预期布置于工件内的套筒。销以力锁合的方式保持在套筒内。
发明内容
本发明的目的是要提供用于形状锁合、材料接合和/或力锁合布置于复合纤维部件上的一种改进的紧固元件以及用于组装所述紧固元件的一种改进的方法。
对于用于形状锁合、材料接合和/或力锁合布置于复合纤维部件上或内的紧固元件而言,该目的通过权利要求1中所述的特征来实现。
对于用于组装紧固元件的方法而言,该目的通过权利要求7中所述的特征来实现。
本发明的有利改进在从属权利要求中陈述。
用于形状锁合、材料接合和/或力锁合布置于复合纤维部件上或内的紧固元件根据本发明包括套筒状部分,在其第一端部处形成急剧渐细的圆锥形或圆锥状部分,在该圆锥形或圆锥状部分中形成有多个槽,所述槽在紧固元件的纵向范围的方向上取向,从而所述槽将圆锥形或圆锥状部分细分成各个部段,而在套筒状部分的第二端部处布置有保持部分,所述保持部分远离套筒状部分以直角弯曲,从而增加套筒状部分的外径并形成平面状抵接面。
通过根据本发明的紧固元件,能够传递较大的力,所述较大的力在发生碰撞的情况下例如在车辆座椅内产生。常规的连接元件或者在复合纤维部件的生产过程中必须以复杂的方式嵌入到复合纤维部件内,或者利用钻孔工艺通过螺纹连接布置于复合纤维部件上,导致复合纤维部件的纤维受到破坏。使用根据本发明的紧固元件,能够在紧固元件和复合纤维部件之间进行不破坏纤维的形状锁合、材料接合和/或力锁合结合,特别是紧固元件和复合纤维部件之间的力传递被显著改善。
在套筒状部分和圆锥形或圆锥状部分之间的过渡区域内有利地形成材料弱化部,其以特别优选的方式形成为穿孔和/或横截面缩小部。从而有利地促进圆锥形或圆锥状部分的各个部段弯曲。
在特别有利的结构变型中,内螺纹形成于套筒状部分上或套筒状部分内,以使得常规的螺钉能够作为紧固装置直接布置于紧固元件内。
在另一个有利的结构变型中,在套筒状部分的区域外侧形成一种表面结构,所述表面结构以特别优选的方式构成为纹理和/或波纹。这样的表面结构使得在复合纤维部件的熔融热塑性基体和根据本发明的紧固元件的套筒状部分之间能够进行特别耐用和弹性的连接。
在用于组装紧固元件的方法中,将根据本发明的紧固元件加热到高于复合纤维部件的热塑性基体的熔融温度的预定温度,并在加热的状态下以如此的方式被推动或按压通过复合纤维部件以至于紧固元件保持部分的抵接面与复合纤维部件的一侧处于平面状抵接,而紧固元件的圆锥形或圆锥状部分在另一侧突出超过复合纤维部件。在该情况下,在将热紧固元件按压通过的同时热塑性基体熔融并且在冷却过程中形成与紧固元件的形状锁合、材料接合和/或力锁合连接。
由此在紧固元件和复合纤维部件之间形成特别坚固和耐久的形状锁合、材料接合和/或力锁合连接,通过上述连接,较大的力能够被引入到复合纤维部件内。
在将热的紧固元件按压通过复合纤维部件的同时,复合纤维部件的纤维以如此的方式被迫通过紧固元件的圆锥形或圆锥状部分以免被破坏,以至于所述纤维围绕紧固元件的套筒状部分定位并且从而形成一种新的纤维取向。在这种情况下,该新的纤维取向使得能够启用特别有利的力路径和改进力从紧固元件引入到复合纤维部件内。
在第一种结构变型中,将螺钉引入到套筒状部分内,螺钉的螺杆按压圆锥形或圆锥状部分的各个部段使其分开,当随后布置待被紧固的结构元件以及螺母被旋拧到螺钉螺杆上时,所述各个部段变形到所述各个部段远离套筒状部分以直角弯曲的程度,从而增加套筒状部分的外径并形成平面状抵接面。在弯曲状态下的圆锥形或圆锥状部分的各个部段可以有利地取代常规的垫圈。
在可替代的结构变型中,圆锥形或圆锥状部分的各个部段通过心轴弯曲,其中在紧固元件的套筒状部分之上或之内形成有内螺纹,常规的螺钉旋拧到所述内螺纹内,所述螺钉的螺钉头以平面状的方式按压待被紧固的结构元件抵靠由圆锥形或圆锥状部分的各个部段所形成的抵接面。
通过这种连接,能够传递较大的力,所述较大的力例如在发生碰撞的情况下在汽车座椅内产生。常规的连接元件或者在其生产过程中必须以复杂的方式嵌入到复合纤维部件内,或利用钻孔过程通过螺纹连接布置于复合纤维部件上,导致复合纤维部件的纤维受到破坏。根据本发明的方法使得能够在紧固元件和复合纤维部件之间进行不破坏纤维的形状锁合、材料接合和/或力锁合结合,特别是紧固元件和复合纤维部件之间的力传递被显著改善。
附图说明
下面参照附图对本发明的实施例进行更详细地解释说明,其中:
图1是根据本发明的紧固元件的示意性平面视图;
图2是根据本发明的紧固元件的示意性剖视图;
图3是根据本发明的布置于复合纤维部件内的紧固元件以及复合纤维部件的纤维的纤维路径的示意性平面视图;
图4是复合纤维部件和结构元件之间连接的示意性剖视图,该连接通过在第一种结构变型中的根据本发明的紧固元件产生;以及
图5是复合纤维部件和结构元件之间连接的示意性剖视图,该连接通过在第二种结构变型中的根据本发明的紧固元件产生。
具体实施方式
在所有的附图中彼此对应的部件被给予相同的附图标记。
图1是根据本发明的紧固元件1的示意性平面视图。
图2是根据本发明的处于非组装状态下的紧固元件1的示意性剖视图。
根据本发明的紧固元件1具有在其中央区域内的套筒状部分2。
在套筒状部分2的第一端部3处,形成急剧渐细的圆锥形或圆锥状部分4。在该圆锥形或圆锥状部分4中,形成有多个槽5,所述槽5在紧固元件1的纵向范围的方向上取向,从而所述槽5将圆锥形或圆锥状部分4细分成各个部段6。
部段6优选具有三角形形状。
在未更详细地示出的特别有利的结构变型中,在套筒状部分2和圆锥形或圆锥状部分4之间的过渡区域7中可以形成材料弱化部,例如穿孔或横截面缩小部。
在套筒状部分2的第二端部8处,布置有保持部分9,所述保持部分9以直角远离套筒状部分2弯曲,并且所述保持部分从而增加套筒状部分2的外径A并形成平面状抵接面10、11。
在这种情况下,第一抵接面10背离套筒状部分2,而第二抵接面11面向套筒状部分2的方向。
保持部分9优选以圆形的方式构造,且在可替代的结构变型中所述保持部分9可以多边形或椭圆形的方式构造。
紧固元件1优选由金属材料制成,并且在套筒状部分2的区域中在外侧处可以具有表面结构12。这种表面结构12例如可以由纹理和/或波纹形成。
在特别有利的结构变型中,常规的内螺纹13形成在套筒状部分2之上或之内。
图3是根据本发明的布置于复合纤维部件14内的紧固元件1以及复合纤维部件14的纤维15的纤维路径的示意性平面视图。
紧固元件1通过根据本发明的方法布置于复合纤维部件14内。复合纤维部件14优选是由热塑性塑料材料制成的平面状半成品,其中由玻璃纤维、碳纤维和/或芳族聚酰胺纤维或它们的混合形式构成的织物被以如此的方式引入复合纤维部件14以至于纤维15由热塑性塑料材料完全润湿。
这种复合纤维部件14例如可以是车辆座椅的座椅结构,特别是由所谓的有机片材构成的座椅靠背后壁。
为了以形状锁合、材料接合和/或力锁合方式将紧固元件1布置于复合纤维部件14内,将根据本发明形成的紧固元件1加热到预定温度,并在加热的状态下从圆锥形或圆锥状部分4开始推动或按压紧固元件1通过复合纤维部件14。在这种情况下,所述预定温度高于复合纤维部件14的热塑性基体的熔融温度,以使得在将紧固元件1按压通过所述复合纤维部件14的同时热塑性基体熔融并且在冷却过程中形成与紧固元件1特别是与其表面结构12的形状锁合、材料接合和/或力锁合连接。
由此在紧固元件1和复合纤维部件14之间形成特别坚固和耐久的形状锁合、材料接合和/或力锁合连接,通过上述连接,较大的力能够被引入到复合纤维部件14内。
在这种情况下,紧固元件1以如此的方式被按压到复合纤维部件14内以至于紧固元件1的保持部分9的第二抵接面11与复合纤维部件14的第一侧16处于平面状抵接。
套筒状部分2的长度被形成为对应于复合纤维部件14的厚度,以使得紧固元件1的圆锥形或圆锥状部分4在所述复合纤维部件14的第二侧17处突出超过所述复合纤维部件14。
在将热的紧固元件1按压通过复合纤维部件14的同时,复合纤维部件14的纤维15以如此的方式被迫通过紧固元件1的圆锥形或圆锥状部分4以至于所述纤维15围绕紧固元件1的套筒状部分2定位并且从而形成一种新的纤维取向,所述新的纤维取向使得能够启用如图3示意性示出的特别有利的力路径。在这种情况下,以特别有利的方式以非破坏性的方式执行迫使纤维15通过紧固元件1的圆锥形或圆锥状部分4。
图4是在第一种结构变型中在复合纤维部件14和结构元件18之间通过根据本发明的紧固元件1产生的连接的示意性剖视图。
在将紧固元件1布置于复合纤维部件14内之后,在第一种结构变型中,能够将常规的螺钉19引入到套筒状部分2内,所述螺钉的螺杆20按压圆锥形或圆锥状部分4的各个部段6使其分开。在这种情况下,螺钉19以如此的方式布置于紧固元件1内以至于螺钉头21与保持部分9的第一抵接面10处于平面状抵接,以及螺杆20突出超过圆锥形或圆锥状部分4。
当随后布置待被紧固的结构元件18以及常规的螺母22被旋拧到螺钉19的螺杆20上时,圆锥形或圆锥状部分4的各个部段6变形到它们以直角远离套筒状部分2弯曲的程度,从而增加套筒状部分2的外径并且形成部段6的平面状抵接面23、24。
在这种情况下,每个部段6的第一抵接面23背离套筒状部分2,而每个部段6的第二抵接面24引向套筒状部分2的方向。
待被紧固的结构元件18通过螺母22被按压到第一抵接面23上,所述第二抵接面24以这种方式被按压到复合纤维部件14上。
因此,成角度的元件6布置于复合纤维部件14和待被紧固的结构元件18之间并且从而能够在弯曲状态下有利地取代常规的垫圈。
在这种情况下,圆锥形或圆锥状部分4的各个部段6的弯曲能够通过在紧固元件1的套筒状部分2和圆锥形或圆锥状部分4之间的过渡区域7中的材料弱化来支持。
图5是在第二种结构变型中在复合纤维部件14和结构元件18之间通过根据本发明的紧固元件1产生的连接的示意性剖视图。
在该第二种结构变型中,紧固元件1的圆锥形或圆锥状部分4的各个部段6通过未图示的心轴弯曲。在紧固元件1的套筒状部分2之上或之内形成有内螺纹13,对应形成的常规的螺钉19被旋拧到所述内螺纹13内。
螺钉头21以平面状的方式按压待被紧固的结构元件18抵靠圆锥形或圆锥状部分4的各个部段6的第一抵接面23,从而各个部段6的第二抵接面24被按压抵靠复合纤维部件14。
在这种情况下,待被紧固的结构元件18例如被构造成增强片材、锁定壳体、带重定向元件、后排座椅靠背支承件或其它功能元件。
通过紧固元件1和复合纤维部件14之间的这种连接,能够传递较大的力,所述较大的力例如在发生碰撞的情况下在车辆座椅内产生。常规的连接元件或者在其生产过程中必须以复杂的方式嵌入到复合纤维部件14内,或利用钻孔操作通过螺纹连接布置于复合纤维部件14上,导致复合纤维部件14的纤维15受到破坏。根据本发明的方法使得能够在紧固元件1和复合纤维部件14之间形成不破坏纤维的形状锁合、材料接合和/或力锁合结合,特别是紧固元件1和复合纤维部件14之间的力传递被显著改善。
附图标记清单
1 紧固元件
2 套筒状部分
3 第一端部
4 圆锥形或圆锥状部分
5 槽
6 部段
7 过渡区域
8 第二端部
9 保持部分
10 第一抵接面
11 第二抵接面
12 表面结构
13 内螺纹
14 复合纤维部件
15 纤维
16 第一侧
17 第二侧
18 结构元件
19 螺钉
20 螺杆
21 螺钉头
22 螺母
23 第一抵接面
24 第二抵接面
A 外径
Claims (10)
1.用于形状锁合、材料接合和/或力锁合地布置于复合纤维部件(14)之上或之内的紧固元件(1),所述紧固元件(1)包括套筒状部分(2),在所述套筒状部分(2)的第一端部(3)处形成急剧渐细的圆锥形或圆锥状部分(4),其中在圆锥形或圆锥状部分(4)中形成有多个槽(5),所述槽(5)在紧固元件(1)的纵向范围的方向上取向,从而所述槽(5)将圆锥形或圆锥状部分(4)细分成各个部段(6),其中在套筒状部分(2)的第二端部(8)处布置有保持部分(9),所述保持部分(9)以直角远离套筒状部分(2)弯曲,从而所述保持部分(9)增大套筒状部分(2)的外径(A)并形成平面状抵接面(10、11)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的紧固元件(1),其特征在于,在套筒状部分(2)和圆锥形或圆锥状部分(4)之间的过渡区域(7)内形成材料弱化部。
3.根据权利要求2所述的紧固元件(1),其特征在于,材料弱化部构造成穿孔和/或横截面缩小部。
4.根据前述权利要求之一所述的紧固元件(1),其特征在于,内螺纹(13)形成于套筒状部分(2)之上或之内。
5.根据前述权利要求之一所述的紧固元件(1),其特征在于,在套筒状部分(2)的区域外侧形成表面结构(12)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的紧固元件(1),其特征在于,所述表面结构(12)构造成纹理和/或波纹。
7.用于组装根据前述权利要求之一所述的紧固元件(1)的方法,其特征在于,将紧固元件(1)加热到高于复合纤维部件(14)的热塑性基体的熔融温度的可预定温度,并在加热的状态下以如此的方式推动或按压紧固元件(1)通过复合纤维部件(14)以至于紧固元件(1)的保持部分(9)的第二抵接面(11)与复合纤维部件(14)的第一侧(16)处于平面状抵接,而紧固元件(1)的圆锥形或圆锥状部分(4)在复合纤维部件(14)的第二侧(17)突出超过复合纤维部件(14)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,在将热的紧固元件(1)按压通过复合纤维部件(14)的同时,复合纤维部件(14)的纤维(15)以如此的方式被推动通过紧固元件(1)的圆锥形或圆锥状部分(4)以不受到破坏以至于所述纤维(15)围绕紧固元件(1)的套筒状部分(2)定位从而形成新的纤维取向。
9.根据权利要求7或权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,螺钉(19)被引入到套筒状部分(2)内,螺钉(19)的螺杆(20)按压圆锥形或圆锥状部分(4)的各个部段(6)使其分开,当随后布置待被紧固的结构元件(18)以及螺母(22)被旋拧到螺钉(19)的螺杆(20)上时,所述各个部段(6)变形到它们以直角远离套筒状部分(2)弯曲的程度,从而增大套筒状部分(2)的外径(A)并形成平面状抵接面(23、24)。
10.根据权利要求7或权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,圆锥形或圆锥状部分(4)的各个部段(6)通过心轴弯曲,其中在紧固元件(1)的套筒状部分(2)之上或之内形成有内螺纹(13),常规的螺钉(19)旋拧到所述内螺纹(13)内,所述螺钉(19)的螺钉头(21)以平面状的方式按压待被紧固的结构元件(18)抵靠由圆锥形或圆锥状部分(4)的各个部段(6)形成的第一抵接面(23)。
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DE202009007585U1 (de) * | 2009-05-28 | 2009-09-03 | Schmidt, Heiko | Nietverbindung zwischen einem Flachmaterial oder einem aus Flachmaterial bestehenden Bauteil und einem Verbindungselement |
DE102009056580A1 (de) * | 2009-11-23 | 2011-05-26 | Technische Universität Dresden | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verbinden von thermoplastischen Faserverbundbauteilen mittels stiftförmiger Funktionselemente |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN107076188A (zh) * | 2014-11-05 | 2017-08-18 | 赛峰航空器发动机 | 用来存在于由复合材料制成的零件的表面上的固定器装置 |
CN107076188B (zh) * | 2014-11-05 | 2019-02-05 | 赛峰航空器发动机 | 用来存在于由复合材料制成的零件的表面上的固定器装置 |
Also Published As
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JP5883951B2 (ja) | 2016-03-15 |
US9541114B2 (en) | 2017-01-10 |
EP2807382A1 (de) | 2014-12-03 |
CN104067006B (zh) | 2017-04-19 |
WO2013110630A1 (de) | 2013-08-01 |
US20140348615A1 (en) | 2014-11-27 |
KR101670648B1 (ko) | 2016-10-31 |
DE102012204187A1 (de) | 2013-07-25 |
EP2807382B1 (de) | 2017-10-18 |
KR20140114445A (ko) | 2014-09-26 |
JP2015508480A (ja) | 2015-03-19 |
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