CN104057900B - 汽车车载电网及其运行方法和用于实施该方法的装置 - Google Patents

汽车车载电网及其运行方法和用于实施该方法的装置 Download PDF

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CN104057900B
CN104057900B CN201410101631.2A CN201410101631A CN104057900B CN 104057900 B CN104057900 B CN 104057900B CN 201410101631 A CN201410101631 A CN 201410101631A CN 104057900 B CN104057900 B CN 104057900B
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voltage terminal
accumulator
power grid
switch element
mounted power
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CN104057900A (zh
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W.米勒
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Sanger Automotive Germany GmbH
Robert Bosch GmbH
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Sanger Automotive Germany GmbH
Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
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Abstract

本发明涉及汽车车载电网及其运行方法和用于实施该方法的装置。提出一种汽车车载电网(1、2、3、4、5),该汽车车载电网具有至少能以发电机方式运行的电机(G)、第一蓄能器(B1)和第二蓄能器(B2),并且在该汽车车载电网中设置有装置(S1、S2、S3、S4、D1、10),借助这些装置能够可选地相互交替地设定所有随后被说明的开关状态a)到c):a)或者仅仅第一蓄能器(B1)或者仅仅第二蓄能器(B2)连接到电机(G)上;b)第一蓄能器(B1)和第二蓄能器(B2)并联地连接到电机(G)上;c)第一蓄能器(B1)和第二蓄能器(B2)串联地连接到电机(G)上。用于运行相应的汽车车载电网的方法和用于实施所述方法的装置同样是本发明的主题。

Description

汽车车载电网及其运行方法和用于实施该方法的装置
技术领域
本发明涉及具有至少两个蓄能器的汽车车载电网、用于运行这样的汽车车载电网的方法以及用于实施该方法的装置。
背景技术
汽车中的制动能通过所谓的余热利用(Rekuperation)的回收是已知的。在这种情况下所使用的余热利用系统中,在制动期间制动能通过电机、例如爪极发电机被转换为电能并且被存储在电池或其它蓄能器中。该能量被用于供应耗电器,由此可以节省燃料。
如果驾驶员所要求的机械制动功率小于或等于余热利用系统的生产率,则制动典型地仅仅借助该余热利用系统来实现。而如果驾驶员所需要的制动功率更高,为了制动附加地使用常规的(例如液压的)制动系统。在该情况下,总机械制动能不能被转换为电能。
通过余热利用的可能的燃料节省因此不仅依赖于行驶周期和驾驶员行为,而且依赖于余热利用系统的生产率。余热利用系统的生产率受电机的最大再生功率和汽车车载电网中的一个或多个蓄能器的最大电容量限制。
此外,作为燃料节省措施,所谓的滑行运行(Segelbetrieb)是已知的。在这种情况下,内燃机在所谓的滑行阶段期间与剩余的传动系分离。通过内燃机的分离,发动机牵引力矩在滑行阶段期间不再对剩余的传动系产生影响。因此车辆的滑行阶段相对于利用所耦合的内燃机的所谓的推进运行(Schubbetrieb)显著地被延长。如果内燃机在滑行阶段期间被关掉,则这根据行驶周期和驾驶员行为导致燃料的节省。在具有常规的传动系的车辆中,耗电器在滑行阶段期间仅仅由所述一个或多个蓄能器供电,因为发电机不再被内燃机驱动。
滑行和余热利用相互并不排斥,而是可以互补。如果驾驶员既不操作油门也不操作制动器,那么例如可以开始滑行运行。如果驾驶员操作制动器,则可以实现制动能的余热利用。
生产率通常在汽车(PKW)中使用的具有用于余热利用的被动B6桥式整流的14V爪极发电机的效率由于低输出电压而是受限制的。尽管可以根据DE 197 33 221 A1提高爪极发电机的输出电压,其中借助DC/DC转换器使电压适配于14V汽车车载电网。然而,DC/DC转换器的使用导致成本的提高。此外,已知的汽车车载电网具有其它的问题并且经常不能或不能足够有效地被利用来执行余热利用和滑行运行,如下面所解释的。
因此需要可灵活地用于余热利用和滑行运行的汽车车载电网,这些汽车车载电网特别是也可以提供足够的余热利用功率并且是故障安全的。
发明内容
在该背景下,本发明建议具有独立权利要求的特征的具有至少两个蓄能器的汽车车载电网、用于运行这样的汽车车载电网的方法以及用于实施该方法的装置。优选的扩展方案是从属权利要求以及以下描述的主题。
本发明的优点
本发明通过以下方式来解决相较于已知的14V汽车车载电网能够实现高效的余热利用的任务,即本发明提供具有至少两个蓄能器的汽车车载电网。所述至少两个蓄能器可以可选地单独地、串联或并联地与被设置在汽车车载电网中的至少能以发电机方式运行的电机连接。因此同时为滑行运行提供冗余的电能供应。本发明附加地能够实现,在内燃机起动期间防止汽车车载电网中的干扰的电压扰动。同时提高所使用的发电机的效率。
能以发电机方式运行的电机随后也被简称为“发电机”。发电机是仅能以发电机方式运行的,然而本发明也可以例如利用所谓的起动器发电机被使用,这些起动器发电机也能以电动机方式运行并且在此可以产生相应的转矩,例如用于电动机起动或用于支持内燃机(例如用于补偿涡轮迟滞或一般在所谓的加速运行(Boostbetrieb)中)。该发电机或能以发电机方式运行的电机和至少两个蓄能器、例如传统的汽车电池分别通过一些机电的或基于半导体的开关元件(例如继电器或晶体管)和二极管相互互连。
如已经解释的,关于余热利用在传统的汽车车载电网中存在不足。因为对于在此典型地被使用的14V发电机在带传动时仅有限的结构空间可供使用,所以发电机(典型地爪极发电机)的电功率是有限的。这相较于混合动力或电动车辆导致降低的余热利用功率。此外,在使用具有高功率的14V发电机的情况下成本增加。在14V水平上的高电功率的情况下出现大电流。这些大电流需要具有大的横截面的导线,这些导线引起附加的成本和重量。
已知的具有PKW典型的电池容量的汽车电池的最大可能的电功率消耗也限制相应的汽车车载电网中的最大可能的余热利用。
如先前所谈及的,然而传统的车辆也具有关于滑行运行的不足。在内燃机作为唯一的驱动装置时,发电机典型地通过带传动与内燃机耦合。如果在滑行阶段期间内燃机被关掉并且与剩余的传动系去耦合,那么发电机不能提供电能。汽车车载电网于是只还由汽车电池供电。如果该汽车电池由于错误而失效,那么所有的耗电器不再被供电。这导致几乎所有车辆功能、例如电助力转向、灯、驾驶舱显示、刮雨器等等的失效。
与此相对,本发明的优点包括通过余热利用而提高燃料节省,该余热利用能够通过提高发电机电压实现。因此得出作为制动功率可供使用的发电机功率的提高。根据本发明的解决方案在此包括至少两个蓄能器、例如至少两个汽车电池的可变的互连,由此得出电存储系统的最大充电功率或容量的提高。该解决方案能够实现在较高的发电机功率的情况下所产生的电流或电压也被馈入到汽车车载电网中并且因此总体上在余热利用的情况下能够实现燃料节省的提高。
根据发电机的相应的运行点、例如转速或输出功率,通过切换到另外的发电机输出电压可以实现发电机效率的改进。发电机输出电压因此可以根据运行点来设定。此外,至少两个蓄能器冗余地可供用于滑行运行,由此提高故障安全性。与安全相关的耗电器在一个蓄能器失效时不再失效。
通过至少两个蓄能器的可变的互连,在内燃机起动时所述蓄能器中的至少一个可以连接到起动器上并且至少一个另外的存储器可以与此独立地连接到耗电器上。因此创建起动器电路和耗电器电路。在内燃机起动时,由于去耦合的起动器电路在耗电器电路中不出现干扰的电压扰动。这特别是在已知的起动-停止系统中(例如在信号灯停止之后)在热起动中是有利的。
而在电压扰动典型地作为较小干扰的被觉察到的冷起动的情况下,可以通过至少两个蓄能器的并联来提高可用的电功率。
本发明也能够实现发电机错误的封闭,即防止从发电机到供电电网中的错误传播。因此附加地提高故障安全性。
本发明提供比例如所提及的DE 197 33 221 A1成本更低的解决方案,因为该解决方案没有DC/DC转换器也行。
本发明的优点如所提及的那样通过汽车车载电网中的至少两个蓄能器(例如两个电池)的可变的互连来实现。互连中的可变性在此通过使用相应的开关元件和/或二极管来实现。根据行驶状态和汽车车载电网状态,电池相互耦合,使得得出根据本发明的优点。
在具有至少一个能以发电机方式运行的电机、第一蓄能器和第二蓄能器的相应的汽车车载电网中,在此根据本发明设置有装置,借助这些装置可以可选地相互交替地设定所有随后被说明的开关状态:
a)或者仅仅第一蓄能器或者仅仅第二蓄能器被连接到电机上;
b)第一蓄能器和第二蓄能器并联地连接到电机上;
c)第一蓄能器和第二蓄能器串联地连接到电机上。
根据本发明的方法在此包括这些开关状态相互交替的设定。特别是在此电机以发电机方式被运行并且在开关状态c)中电机的输出电压比在开关状态a)和/或b)中更高地被设定。
根据本发明的计算单元、例如用于汽车车载电网的控制装置作为用于实施根据本发明的方法的装置特别是在程序技术上被设立用于执行根据本发明的方法。
该方法以软件形式实施也是有利的,因为这特别是在进行实施的控制装置还被用于其它的任务并且因此总归存在时引起特别少的成本。这样的控制装置配备有用于存储相应的计算机程序的合适的数据载体、例如硬盘和/或闪存。
本发明的其它优点和扩展方案由说明书和附图得出。
易于理解的是,上面所提到的并且随后还要解释的特征不仅可以以分别被说明的组合而且以其它组合或单独地被使用,而不离开本发明的范围。
本发明借助实施例在附图中示意性地被示出并且在下文中参考附图详细地被描述。
附图说明
图1阐明针对14V和28V的输出电压具有被动B6桥式整流的14V爪极发电机的最大输出功率关于发电机转速的变化曲线。
图2以简化的示意图示出根据本发明的一种实施方式的汽车车载电网。
图3示出在根据本发明的一种实施方式所设置的一种开关状态下的根据图2的汽车车载电网。
图4示出在根据本发明的一种实施方式所设置的另一开关状态下的根据图2的汽车车载电网。
图5示出在根据本发明的一种实施方式所设置的另一开关状态下的根据图2的汽车车载电网。
图6示出在根据本发明的一种实施方式所设置的另一开关状态下的根据图2的汽车车载电网。
图7示出在根据本发明的一种实施方式所设置的另一开关状态下的根据图2的汽车车载电网。
图8以简化的示意图示出根据本发明的另一种实施方式的汽车车载电网。
图9以简化的示意图示出根据本发明的另一种实施方式的汽车车载电网。
图10以简化的示意图示出根据本发明的另一种实施方式的汽车车载电网。
图11以简化的示意图示出根据本发明的另一种实施方式的汽车车载电网。
具体实施方式
在图1中示例性地针对输出电压U1=14V和U2=28V关于横坐标上的发电机转速在纵坐标上示出了具有被动B6桥式整流的14V爪极发电机的最大输出功率P的变化曲线。
如果发电机给14V汽车车载电网馈电,那么发电机可以从发电机转速no1起提供电功率。而在向28V汽车车载电网馈入的情况下相同的发电机从转速no2起才可以提供电功率。
在U2=28V的发电机的输出电压的情况下从发电机转速n>n12起得出比在供应14V汽车车载电网的情况下明显更高的最大输出功率。该效应通过本发明被利用,以便在余热利用期间提高发电机的输出功率。
在图2中以电路图的形式简化地示意性地示出了根据本发明的一种实施方式的汽车车载电网。该汽车车载电网总体上以1来表示。
该汽车车载电网1具有第一蓄能器B1和第二蓄能器B2,这两个蓄能器可以以同样的或不同的汽车电池的形式、例如以两个12V汽车电池的形式被构造。蓄能器B1和B2可以借助开关元件S1、S2、S3和S4可变地被互连。耗电器以电阻R1到Rn的形式被阐明。发电机G将电功率馈入到汽车车载电网1中。电起动装置S、例如起动器与第二蓄能器B2连接。控制设备在该图和图8到11中以10来表示并且被构造用于控制开关元件S1、S2、S3和S4(只要存在)。
在下文中,以Sn=0表示打开的开关元件,以Sn=1表示闭合的开关元件。汽车车载电网1的在图3到7中被示出的并且随后进一步被解释的开关状态借助开关元件S1到S4来设定。
以S1=0、S2=1、S3=0和S4=1得出根据图3的开关状态。
两个蓄能器B1和B2根据图3被串联。发电机G在此将具有大约28V的输出电压的电功率馈入到汽车车载电网1中,其中该输出电压相应地被设定。第二蓄能器B2和发电机G给耗电器R1到Rn供应14V的电压。
如果两个蓄能器B1和B2应该同时被充电,那么可以选择根据图3的开关状态。然而,根据图3的开关状态优选地在余热利用的情况下被选取。发电机G的较高的输出电压对于发电机转速n>n12也得出较高的输出功率(参看图1)。通过两个蓄能器B1和B2的串联,最大可能的功率消耗相对于唯一的蓄能器B1或B2(例如唯一的汽车电池)被加倍。
在余热利用期间,第一蓄能器B1比第二蓄能器B2更强地被充电,因为耗电器R1到Rn与第二蓄能器B2并联。如果第一蓄能器B1达到其充电状态的上限,那么该第一蓄能器B1必须又被放电,以便能够实现其它的余热利用过程。第一蓄能器B1的放电优选地通过设定图4中被示出的开关状态来实现。
以S1=1、S2=0、S3=1和S4=0得出根据图4的开关状态。
发电机G根据图4只与第一蓄能器B1连接。发电机G在大约14V的输出电压的情况下将电功率馈入到汽车车载电网1中。如果发电机功率小于耗电器R1到Rn的耗电器功率,那么第一蓄能器B1被放电。如果发电机功率大于耗电器R1到Rn的耗电器功率,那么第一蓄能器B1被充电。
如果例如由于具有在图3中被示出的开关状态的余热利用过程第一蓄能器B1已经达到其高的允许的充电状态,那么有利地利用根据图4的开关状态。在该情况下,发电机功率被减少,直到第一蓄能器B1通过耗电器R1到Rn被放电的时候。第一蓄能器B1又可以在图4中被示出的开关状态下被放电,直到其它的余热利用过程可以利用图3中被示出的开关状态进行的时候。
在根据图4的开关状态下,第一蓄能器B1可以被充电,而不影响第二蓄能器B2的充电状态。如果发电机电流大于耗电器R1到Rn的耗电器电流,那么第一蓄能器B1被充电。
在图4中被示出的开关状态也可以在低发电机转速n<n12的情况下被用于余热利用(参看图1)。在该情况下,电余热利用功率也可以在低发电机转速的情况下被存储在第一蓄能器B1中。
以S1=1、S2=0、S3=0和S4=1得出根据图5的开关状态。
发电机G根据图5只与第二蓄能器B2连接。发电机G在大约14V的输出电压的情况下将电功率馈入到汽车车载电网中。如果发电机电流小于耗电器R1到Rn的耗电器电流,那么第二蓄能器B2被放电。如果发电机电流大于耗电器R1到Rn的耗电器电流,那么第二蓄能器B2被充电。该开关状态也可以在低发电机转速n<n12的情况下被用于余热利用(参看图1)。在该情况下,电余热利用功率也可以在低发电机转速的情况下被存储在第二蓄能器B2中。
以S1=1、S2=0、S3=1和S4=1得出根据图6的开关状态。
两个蓄能器B1和B2根据图6被并联。如果两个蓄能器B1和B2应该同时被充电或被放电,那么可以有利地使用该开关状态。如果为了借助起动装置S、例如起动器起动内燃机而需要高的电起动功率,那么得出另一可能的应用情况。这于是例如可以是下述情况,即在低温的情况下,内燃机、例如具有较大的冲程容积的柴油发动机第一次被起动(所谓的冷起动或钥匙起动)。
另一应用情况是具有被关掉的内燃机的滑行运行。在该情况下,耗电器R1到Rn如所解释的那样只通过蓄能器B1和B2供电,因为发电机G没有被驱动。在具有高功率的耗电器R1到Rn的车辆中,可以通过下述方式防止太高的电压扰动,即蓄能器B1和B2被并联。
另一应用情况是在低发电机转速n<n12的情况下的余热利用(参看图1)。在该情况下,电余热利用功率也可以在低发电机转速的情况下被存储在两个蓄能器B1和B2中。通过两个蓄能器B1和B2的并联,最大可能的充电功率相对于仅仅一个蓄能器B1或B2被加倍。
以S1=1、S2=0、S3=1和S4=0得出根据图7的开关状态。
根据图7,在内燃机起动期间,第一蓄能器B1给耗电器R1到Rn供电。第二蓄能器B2被去耦合并且仅被用于给起动装置S供电。该开关状态有利地在起动-停止系统中在热起动中或在车辆的滑行阶段之后起动的情况下被使用。通过起动器电池(在此第二蓄能器B2)和供电电池(在此第一蓄能器B1)的去耦合,实现在起动过程期间在耗电器R1到Rn中没有电压扰动。可选地,起动装置S也可以与第一蓄能器B1连接。在该情况下,开关元件S3必须根据起动器电流被设计。
在图8中以电路图的形式简化地示意性地示出了根据本发明的另一种实施方式的汽车车载电网并且总体上以2来表示。该汽车车载电网2与图2的汽车车载电网1的区别在于,开关元件S4和第二蓄能器B2被交换。本发明的先前所解释的优点也可以在这样的汽车车载电网2中以相应的方式来实现。
在滑行阶段期间冗余的供电根据本发明的一种实施方式能够如下实现:
如果在滑行阶段期间内燃机被关掉并且从剩余的传动系去耦合,那么发电机G不能提供电能。耗电器R1到Rn在具有仅仅一个蓄能器的传统的汽车车载电网中仅还通过这一个蓄能器被供电。如果该蓄能器由于错误而失效,那么所有的耗电器不再被供电。
对于该错误情况,根据本发明的装置在滑行阶段期间提供冗余的供电。如果在滑行阶段期间根据图4的开关状态被设定并且第一蓄能器B1失效,那么被切换到根据图5的开关状态。在该开关状态中,作为冗余的能量源的第二蓄能器B2给耗电器R1到Rn供电。
而如果在滑行阶段期间根据图5的开关状态被设定并且第二蓄能器B2失效,那么被切换到根据图4的开关状态。在该开关状态下,第一蓄能器B1给耗电器R1到Rn供电。
借助根据图4和图5的开关状态以及蓄能器B1和B2因此保障冗余的供电。根据图4和图5的开关状态之间的切换可能性也可以被利用,以便在滑行阶段之外实现与安全相关的耗电器的冗余的供电。
在发电机错误、例如太高的输出电压的情况下,耗电器R1到Rn的供电可以从发电机G去耦合,使得耗电器不被损坏。
以S1=0、S2=0、S3=1和S4=1或以S1=0、S2=0、S3=0和S4=1,发电机G在错误情况下在图2和图8中被示出的车载电网1和2中与耗电器R1到Rn分离并且因此防止错误传播到供电电网中。
根据发电机G的相应的运行点、例如转速和输出功率,通过切换到另外的发电机输出电压可以实现发电机效率的改进。如果发电机G在输出电压U1的情况下在确定的工作范围内有较高的效率,那么在根据图4、5或6的开关状态之一下运行发电机。如果输出电压U2得出较高的效率,那么根据图3的开关状态被设定。
如果在根据图2的实施方式中第二开关元件S2由二极管D1代替,那么得出本发明的汽车车载电网的另一种实施方式。这另一种实施方式在图9中被示出。车载电网在此总体上以3来表示。在该实施方式中,有利地仅还需要三个开关元件S1、S3和S4。就开关元件S2不必再被控制的区别来说,该实施方式按意义对应于根据图2的实施方式(即车载电网1)。
本发明的汽车车载电网的另一种实施方式在图10中被示出并且总体上以4来表示。图2的汽车车载电网1的解释和根据本发明的优点按意义适用于该实施方式的开关状态:
S1=0、S2=1、S3=1和S4=0得出根据图3的开关状态。
S1=1、S2=0、S3=0和S4=1得出根据图4的开关状态。
S1=1、S2=1、S3=0和S4=0得出根据图5的开关状态。
S1=1、S2=1、S3=0和S4=1得出根据图6的开关状态。
S1=1、S2=0、S3=0和S4=1得出根据图7的开关状态。
本发明的汽车车载电网的另一种实施方式在图11中被示出并且总体上以5来表示。如果在根据图10的实施方式中第三开关元件S3由二极管D1代替,那么得出该实施方式。在该实施方式中,因此有利地仅还需要三个开关元件S1、S2和S4。就开关元件S3不必再被控制的区别来说,该实施方式功能上对应于根据图10的实施方式(即汽车车载电网4)。
在图2到图11中被示出的实施方式和开关状态仅应理解为示例性的并且应该仅仅阐明本发明的基本构思:借助开关元件并且必要时借助附加的二极管建立在图3到图7中被示出的开关状态。通过这些开关状态可以实现本发明的优点。
替代地,对于所有的实施方式,不仅可以使用例如12V铅电池作为蓄能器B1或B2而且可以使用锂离子电池或其它的电存储器类型。替代于此,对于所有的实施方式,不仅12V蓄能器而且具有其它电压的蓄能器可以被使用。
替代地,发电机G可以由电机代替,该电机不仅能够以电动机方式工作而且能够以发电机方式工作。该电机可以在该情况下可选地也配备用于控制的附加的功率电子设备。
可选地,内燃机的起动于是可以借助电机来实现。该电机也可以可选地支持在牵引情况下的内燃机。如果为了电机的电动机运行而设定根据图3的开关状态,那么较高的电压可供该电动机运行使用。这特别是在机器的较高的所要求的电动机功率的情况下是有利的。然而,在该情况下不能利用汽车车载电网3(图9)和5(图11),因为在此所使用的二极管D1阻止这一点。
根据图3的开关状态也可以被用于给耗电器供应较高的电压。该耗电器被耦合到发电机G的输出端上。当该耗电器、例如前窗玻璃电加热装置激活时,被切换到根据图3的开关状态。于是前窗玻璃加热装置被供应较高的电压。如果这些耗电器在发电机不提供功率或提供不够的功率(例如在关掉内燃机的情况下)时也应该被供电,那么必须实现来自电池的供电。然而,在该情况下不能利用汽车车载电网3(图9)和5(图11),因为在此所使用的二极管D1阻止这些耗电器的供电。
开关元件S1到S4例如可以通过晶体管或其它的电子器件来实现。

Claims (16)

1.汽车车载电网,所述汽车车载电网具有至少能以发电机方式运行的电机(G)、第一蓄能器(B1)和第二蓄能器(B2),并且在所述汽车车载电网中设置有装置,借助这些装置能够可选地相互交替地设定所有随后所说明的开关状态a)到c):
a)或者仅仅第一蓄能器(B1)或者仅仅第二蓄能器(B2)连接到电机(G)上;
b)第一蓄能器(B1)和第二蓄能器(B2)并联地连接到电机(G)上;
c)第一蓄能器(B1)和第二蓄能器(B2)串联地连接到电机(G)上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的汽车车载电网,所述汽车车载电网具有至少一个耗电器(R1-Rn),所述耗电器能够可选地借助第一蓄能器(B1)的输出电压或借助第二蓄能器(B2)的输出电压来馈电。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的汽车车载电网,所述汽车车载电网此外具有高负载耗电器,所述高负载耗电器能够在开关状态c)下至少暂时地借助电机(G)的输出电压来馈电。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的汽车车载电网,所述汽车车载电网此外具有起动装置(S),所述起动装置能够可选地或者借助第一蓄能器(B1)或者借助第二蓄能器(B2)或者借助第一蓄能器(B1)和第二蓄能器(B2)共同地来馈电。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的汽车车载电网,其中所述电机(G)能以发电机方式和以电动机方式运行,其中所述电机(G)为了以电动机方式运行能够至少暂时地借助第一蓄能器(B1)和第二蓄能器(B2)来馈电。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的汽车车载电网,其中能够设定开关状态a)到c)所借助的所述装置包括分别具有第一和第二电压端子的第一开关元件(S1)、第二开关元件(S2)或二极管(D1)、第三开关元件(S3)和第四开关元件(S4)以及控制装置(10),并且其中如果设置有二极管(D1),那么所述二极管允许电流在其第一电压端子和其第二电压端子之间通过并且相反地截止。
7.根据权利要求6所述的汽车车载电网,其中以下的电压端子分别相互导电连接:
电机(G)的第一电压端子、第一蓄能器(B1)的第一电压端子和第一开关元件(S1)的第一电压端子;
电机(G)的第二电压端子、第二蓄能器(B2)的第二电压端子和第三开关元件(S3)的第二电压端子;
第一蓄能器(B1)的第二电压端子、第二开关元件(S2)或二极管(D1)的第一电压端子和第三开关元件(S3)的第一电压端子;
第一开关元件(S1)的第二电压端子、第二开关元件(S2)或二极管(D1)的第二电压端子和第四开关元件(S4)的第一电压端子;
第四开关元件(S4)的第二电压端子和第二蓄能器(B2)的第一电压端子。
8.根据权利要求6所述的汽车车载电网,其中以下的电压端子分别相互导电连接:
电机(G)的第一电压端子、第一蓄能器(B1)的第一电压端子和第一开关元件(S1)的第一电压端子;
电机(G)的第二电压端子、第三开关元件(S3)的第二电压端子和第四开关元件(S4)的第二电压端子;
第一蓄能器(B1)的第二电压端子、第二开关元件(S2)或二极管(D1)的第一电压端子和第三开关元件(S3)的第一电压端子;
第一开关元件(S1)的第二电压端子、第二开关元件(S2)或二极管(D1)的第二电压端子和第二蓄能器(B2)的第一电压端子;
第四开关元件(S4)的第一电压端子和第二蓄能器(B2)的第二电压端子。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的汽车车载电网,其中能够设定开关状态a)到c)所借助的所述装置至少包括分别具有第一和第二电压端子的第一开关元件(S1)、第二开关元件(S2)、第三开关元件(S3)或二极管(D1)和第四开关元件(S4)以及控制装置(10),并且其中如果设置有二极管(D1),那么所述二极管允许电流在第一和第二电压端子之间通过并且相反地截止。
10.根据权利要求9所述的汽车车载电网,其中以下的电压端子分别相互导电连接:
电机(G)的第一电压端子、第一蓄能器(B1)的第一电压端子和第一开关元件(S1)的第一电压端子;
电机(G)的第二电压端子、第二蓄能器(B2)的第二电压端子和第四开关元件(S4)的第二电压端子;
第一蓄能器(B1)的第二电压端子、第三开关元件(S3)或二极管(D1)的第一电压端子和第四开关元件(S4)的第一电压端子;
第二蓄能器(B2)的第一电压端子、第三开关元件(S3)或二极管(D1)的第二电压端子和第二开关元件(S2)的第一电压端子;
第一开关元件(S1)的第二电压端子和第二开关元件(S2)的第二电压端子。
11.根据权利要求6所述的汽车车载电网,其中为了设定开关状态a)到c),能够借助所述控制装置(10)来设定所述开关元件(S1、S2、S3、S4)。
12.用于运行根据上述权利要求之一所述的汽车车载电网的方法,所述方法包括可选地设定所述开关状态a)到c)。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述电机(G)以发电机方式被运行并且所述电机(G)的输出电压在开关状态c)下比在开关状态a)和/或b)下更高地被设定。
14.用于根据权利要求1至11之一所述的汽车车载电网的控制装置(10),所述控制装置被设立用于执行根据权利要求12或13所述的方法。
15.机器可读的存储介质,具有被存储在其上的计算机程序,该计算机程序具有程序代码装置,当所述程序代码装置在计算单元上被实施时,所述程序代码装置促使所述计算单元执行根据权利要求12或13所述的方法。
16.根据权利要求15所述的机器可读的存储介质,其中所述计算单元是根据权利要求14所述的控制装置(10)。
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US9676278B2 (en) 2017-06-13
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