CN104043912B - 一种适用于管线钢焊接用自保护药芯焊丝 - Google Patents

一种适用于管线钢焊接用自保护药芯焊丝 Download PDF

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CN104043912B
CN104043912B CN201410251924.9A CN201410251924A CN104043912B CN 104043912 B CN104043912 B CN 104043912B CN 201410251924 A CN201410251924 A CN 201410251924A CN 104043912 B CN104043912 B CN 104043912B
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welding
cored wire
pipe line
self
line steel
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CN104043912A (zh
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易江龙
郑世达
王凯
陈和兴
王昕昕
郭春富
马凯夫
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Guangdong Institute Of Welding Technology (guangdong Institute Of China And Ukraine)
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GUANGDONG RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY (GUANGZHOU RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF NON-FERROUS METALS)
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
    • B23K35/0255Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
    • B23K35/0261Rods, electrodes, wires
    • B23K35/0266Rods, electrodes, wires flux-cored
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3053Fe as the principal constituent
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/36Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
    • B23K35/3601Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with inorganic compounds as principal constituents
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/36Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
    • B23K35/3601Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with inorganic compounds as principal constituents
    • B23K35/3607Silica or silicates
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/36Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
    • B23K35/368Selection of non-metallic compositions of core materials either alone or conjoint with selection of soldering or welding materials

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)

Abstract

一种适用于管线钢焊接用自保护药芯焊丝,由钢带和药芯粉末组成,其特征在于药粉化学成分及质量百分含量为:造渣剂20~26%,造气剂草酸铝10~15%,Ge0.4~0.8%,Mn1.2~2.4%,Si0.4~0.8%,Ti0.2~0.4%,Al0.1~0.5%,Ni?1.0~2.4%,钠长石1.0~1.5%,其余为铁粉,药粉填充率为18~22%。本发明提供一种专门针对管线钢使用的自保护焊接用药芯焊丝,在焊接过程中不会生成大量烟尘及有害气体,减少焊接过程中飞溅现象,保持电弧稳定且表面无明显气孔生成,减少熔池中氮、氧含量,保证焊缝金属组织细化且分布均匀,低温冲击韧性高。本发明适用于具有一定强度的高强钢焊接,尤其能满足户外大管径管线钢的野外作业需求。

Description

一种适用于管线钢焊接用自保护药芯焊丝
技术领域
本发明涉及电弧焊接使用的自保护药芯焊丝,尤其适用于管线钢(X60,X65,X70级别管线钢)的全位置自保护焊接用药芯焊丝。
背景技术
与目前广泛应用的气体保护电弧焊相比,自保护药芯焊丝电弧焊不需外加气体进行保护,仅靠焊接过程中自身药芯组分中的造渣、造气等物质对焊缝金属进行保护,并通过向焊缝金属过渡特定性能的金属来达到实际工况所需的性能指标。其操作方法简单、抗风能力强、综合成本低,是一种高效、安全环保的新型焊接材料。自保护药芯焊丝产品已在油气管道、机械制造等行业得到广泛应用,但仍存在一定问题亟需解决,如焊接工艺性能差及低温冲击韧性低等。
CN1762644A提供以二氧化钛、氟化物、二氧化硅为焊渣体系的自保护药芯焊丝,主要用于形成高锰金属熔敷物,适用于接合不同金属和/或在碳钢和/或低合金钢上熔敷缓冲层。
CN1152490A提供一种以萤石、大理石及金红石为渣保护的高碱度自保护药芯焊丝,但其未提及全位置适应性,低温冲击韧性也不高。
CN1943965A提供一种管线钢自保护药芯焊丝,主要以BaF2、SrF2、CaF2为造渣剂,并以LiF为保护剂,可适用于全位置焊接,低温冲击韧性亦较高。
CN101073863A提供一种以氟化物、碳酸盐为造气剂的全位置自保护药芯焊丝,其焊接工艺性能优良,低温冲击功较高。
综合来看,目前自保护药芯焊丝主要是以萤石等氟化物为渣保护,在焊接过程中会产生大量烟尘及产生毒性较强的HF气体,对施焊工人身体及大气环境造成极大危害。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种专门针对管线钢使用的自保护焊接用药芯焊丝,解决目前自保护焊接时存在的烟尘较大、气孔及飞溅较多、低温韧性差的问题,满足管线钢户外施工现场自保护及全位置焊接适应性的需求。
本发明所提供的管线钢焊接用自保护药芯焊丝由钢带和药芯粉末组成,其特征在于药粉化学成分及质量百分含量为:造渣剂20~26%,造气剂草酸铝10~15%,Ge0.4~0.8%,Mn1.2~2.4%,Si0.4~0.8%,Ti0.2~0.4%,Al0.1~0.5%,Ni1.0~2.4%,钠长石1.0~1.5%,其余为铁粉,根据使用需要,药粉填充率为18~22%。
其中所述的造渣剂为硅酸铝与稀土氧化物Ln2O3中的一种组合,质量比为1:1~1:1.3,所述Ln2O3为La2O3,Ce2O3,Nd2O3,Sm2O3或Gd2O3。硅酸铝的特殊网格结构使其易在焊缝表面形成均匀熔渣,在电弧高温作用下与稀土氧化物反应形成铝-稀土复合硅酸盐熔渣。稀土复合熔渣在液态金属中溶解度较小,易从熔池中浮出,能有效改善单一硅酸铝熔渣脱渣困难及易在焊缝中夹渣的缺陷。此外,稀土氧化物为亲氧化合物,在焊接过程中能降低熔池中氧含量,起到脱氧作用,有效洁净焊缝金属。
与普通造气剂CaCO3或CaF相比,造气剂草酸铝在到达电弧区后才分解产生二氧化碳,在熔滴外部形成有效气保护,隔离空气中氧气、氮气及水分,减少因造气剂过早分解在钢带内部产生过大气压而引起的飞溅现象。同时,原位分解产生的氧化铝与稀土氧化物生成铝酸稀土盐熔渣,可进一步保护熔池并改善熔渣覆盖和脱渣性。
其中锗、锰、硅为脱氧剂,锰和硅作为联合脱氧剂能减少焊缝金属含氧量,但含量过高会引起焊缝金属变硬及脆化。添加锗能进一步减少含氧量,并能细化焊缝金属,改善合金组织分布,提高韧性。此外,适量锗的加入将生成GeO2-MnO-SiO2脱氧产物,与锰硅脱氧产物相比,熔点更低,流动性好且易浮出熔池表面,减少脱氧产物夹渣。需控制三者的添加比例为:1:3:1。采用铝、钛脱氮,在电弧作用下形成稳定的TiN、AlN,可提高焊缝金属力学性能,减少产生气孔的倾向,但含量过多会降低焊缝韧性,需控制添加量
Ti0.2~0.4%,Al0.1~0.5%。Ni为合金化剂,用以提高焊缝金属强度及低温冲击韧性。采用钠长石为稳弧剂,其主要成分为Na2O和K2O。
本发明提供的自保护药芯焊丝具有以下有益效果:1)通过添加硅酸铝和稀土氧化物复合造渣剂,确保在使用过程中能形成有效保护熔池、覆盖均匀且脱渣性优异的熔渣,且在焊接过程中不会生成大量烟尘及有害气体;2)草酸铝造气剂的添加,能有效减少焊接过程中飞溅现象,保持电弧稳定且表面无明显气孔生成;3)通过添加联合脱氧剂、脱氮及合金化剂,减少熔池中氮、氧含量,保证焊缝金属组织细化且分布均匀,低温冲击韧性高。本发明适用于具有一定强度的高强钢焊接,尤其能满足户外大管径管线钢(X60,X65,X70级别管线钢)的野外作业需求。
具体实施方法
根据具体施焊管线钢的不同,分别按照表1中各组分制备药芯粉末,经120~300℃烘干处理后,混合均匀并按照18~22%的填充率加至以冷轧钢带为外皮的焊丝中。
表1药芯焊丝组分及质量百分含量(%)
试验材料为X60,X65,X70,试板尺寸为300×150×20mm。根据中国船级社的《材料与焊接规范》,加工Y形坡口,采用多层多道焊施焊方式,正面堆焊完背面清根后焊一道,采用无脉冲恒电压电源直流正接。根据中国船级社《材料与焊接规范》制备焊接接头V形缺口冲击试样。冲击试样尺寸为10×10×55mm,缺口位置位于焊缝中心,试验温度为﹣20℃。对于本发明的焊丝而言,焊接管线钢试板时无需预热,但需控制层间温度为140℃左右。试验结果表明,全部配方均可实现全位置焊接。
表2给出了采用实施例1~4药芯焊丝所制备的焊接接头性能评定的方法及标准,用于综合评价各组药芯焊丝的性能。检测结果表明,实施例1~4焊缝成型较好,无夹渣、气孔等焊接缺陷,基本无飞溅,烟尘量及脱渣性合格。
实施例1~4的机械性能和扩散氢含量检测数据如表3所示,1~4均具有优良的机械性能和合格的扩散氢含量。
表2焊接接头性能评定方法及标准
表3力学性能及扩散氢含量测试结果

Claims (3)

1.一种适用于管线钢焊接用自保护药芯焊丝,由钢带和药芯粉末组成,其特征在于药粉化学成分及质量百分含量为:造渣剂20~26%,造气剂草酸铝10~15%,Ge0.4~0.8%,Mn1.2~2.4%,Si0.4~0.8%,Ti0.2~0.4%,Al0.1~0.5%,Ni1.0~2.4%,钠长石1.0~1.5%,其余为铁粉,药粉填充率为18~22%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的自保护药芯焊丝,其特征在于所述造渣剂为硅酸铝与稀土氧化物Ln2O3中的一种组合,质量比为1:1~1:1.3。
3.根据权利要求2所述的自保护药芯焊丝,其特征在于所述Ln2O3为La2O3,Ce2O3,Nd2O3,Sm2O3或Gd2O3
CN201410251924.9A 2014-06-09 2014-06-09 一种适用于管线钢焊接用自保护药芯焊丝 Expired - Fee Related CN104043912B (zh)

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CN107009051A (zh) * 2017-06-14 2017-08-04 海宁瑞奥金属科技有限公司 一种高强管线钢全位置焊接用低氢高韧自保护药芯焊丝
CN111574203A (zh) * 2020-05-18 2020-08-25 江苏省宜兴非金属化工机械厂有限公司 一种多孔陶瓷材料及其制备方法

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JPS5942198A (ja) * 1982-08-31 1984-03-08 Kobe Steel Ltd セルフシ−ルドア−ク溶接用フラツクス入りワイヤ
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CN103612033B (zh) * 2013-12-05 2016-03-23 天津大桥金属焊丝有限公司 用于x80管线钢焊接的高韧性自保护药芯焊丝

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