CN104026389B - A kind of sheep meat feed improving sheep meat and preparation method thereof and application - Google Patents

A kind of sheep meat feed improving sheep meat and preparation method thereof and application Download PDF

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CN104026389B
CN104026389B CN201410243301.7A CN201410243301A CN104026389B CN 104026389 B CN104026389 B CN 104026389B CN 201410243301 A CN201410243301 A CN 201410243301A CN 104026389 B CN104026389 B CN 104026389B
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赵兰
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Anglo American Xuzhou Biotechnology Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of sheep meat feed improving sheep meat, be made up of following component: corn, rye, soybean cake, secondary powder, cottonseed cake, Sunflower Cake, sweet potato vine, fish meal, bone meal, oyster shell whiting, B B-complex, composite polymineral, core additive; Wherein, core additive is made up of following component: Chinese yam, orange peel, Radix Glycyrrhizae, caulis lonicerae, the Radix Astragali, flos caryophylli, elscholtiza, basyleave, rhizoma cyperi.The sheep meat feed improving sheep meat provided by the invention can not only provide sheep meat basis nutriment, ensure the growth efficiency of sheep meat, simultaneously by optimizing feed formula and adding core additive, the meat of sheep meat can be improved, security is high, raw material sources are wide, cheap.

Description

A kind of sheep meat feed improving sheep meat and preparation method thereof and application
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sheep meat feed, particularly a kind of sheep meat feed improving sheep meat and preparation method thereof and application.
Background technology
Sheep is one of important domestic animal of Taihu Plain, is the local livestock and poultry species of China's first class of protection.For rare white lambskin sheep variety, there is precocity, the four seasons oestrus, 1 year tire, every many lambs of tire, milk performance are good, it is fast to grow, have the merits such as desirable meat production, high-temp resisting high-humidity resisting after improvement, be distributed in China TAI HU AREA, the China of drylot feeding all the year round lambskin sheep variety.The chekiang lamb skin decorative pattern that 1 ~ 2 day postpartum killed stripping is attractive in appearance, is world-famous for.Be put into " national Genetic Resources of Domestic Animal protection catalogue ".
Sheep belongs to ruminant, and the feature of its digestion has ruminal digestion function.From zootrophic angle, ruminal digestion has following features: digest cellulose class material that 1, can be a large amount of, produce acetic acid etc., and the nonruminants such as chicken sheep are very low to the digestion power of cellulose substances, and digestion process mainly occurs in large intestine; 2, have very strong fermentability to starchy material, tunning comprises propionic acid etc., and the nonruminants such as chicken sheep mainly occur in small intestine and stomach to the digestion of starch, and major end products is glucose; 3, forage protein is by a large amount of degradeds in cud, and major end products is ammonia, and the nonruminants such as chicken sheep mainly occur in stomach and small intestine to the digestion of forage protein, and major end products is amino acid; 4, the microprotein produced in cud be ruminant important proteinaceous nutrient source, and at nonruminant, except rabbit has the habit of eating soft excrement and can utilize the microprotein that produces in alimentary canal, generally cannot utilize the microprotein produced in alimentary canal; 5, nonprotein nitrogen, as urea nitrogen etc., can directly be utilized by microorganism thus be converted into microprotein in cud, then as the source of animal protein nutrition, and nonruminant generally have the ability utilizing nonprotein nitrogen.Do not have glandula digestive also not secrete digestive enzymes in cud, the essence of ruminal digestion is microbial digestion.Rumen microflora is primarily of Anaerobic Bacteria, protozoon and anaerobic fungi three major types microorganism composition, and the enzyme that they produce maintains the digestion process of cud, and microorganism itself provides various nutriment to animal again simultaneously.
The regulation and control of infusorians in rumen process or intensity and rumen microflora composition are one of emphasis of studying of people always, its object is to improve the digestibility of magnetic therapy or Li Yongxing, improve the nutrition condition of animal, reduce production cost, improve productivity and the product quality of animal.The regulation and control content of digestion and metabolism comprises reduction high-quality feed proteolytic rate, raising nonprotein nitrogen utilization rate, raising microprotein productive rate, improves roughage digestibility, the activity of raising cellulose enzyme, the attenuation degree, the generation of minimizing methane etc. of reduction starch.The regulation and control of rumen microflora comprise increase and decrease each bacterioid quantity, increase fungi, minimizing or drive away rumen metabolism etc.
Sheep meat is good, nutritious, delicious, is the meat that people like eating.Sheep pastures, feed pure natural, and therefore mutton is by people's appellation pollution-free food.The little sheep of firm birth slaughters the lambskin of decorticating, and dermatotome is soft, and hair is short is close to skin, and have a sample gloss, water wave-shaped decorative pattern is very attractive in appearance, is the important outlet goods and materials of eighties of last century 20 to the eighties.Sheep is lower than pig, the large cost of the wide quantity of fowl feed resource, and mutton on dining table is more much higher than pig, poultry price, drops into the great disparity of the commodity price difference of feed and output, and provisions sheep brings larger profit margin.
The evaluation of sheep meat is judged by Meat Quality characteristic, and Meat Quality characteristic comprises tenderness, local flavor, succulence, yellowish pink, Coefficient shrinkage etc., they have determined that the acceptability of consumer to meat.Meat Quality characteristic mainly affects by meat intrinsic chemical composition and institutional framework, such as, chemical composition in meat and muscular histological characteristics, simultaneously also to butcher rear muscle metabolism (as glycolysis) characteristic etc. relevant.Existing evaluation of meat quality standard generally includes the following aspects: chemical composition compositing characteristic in (1) muscle, and wherein outbalance comprises protein, fat, inosinicacid, amino acid and aliphatic acid; (2) muscular histological characteristics, diameter as myofibrillar in muscle and density; (3) muscle organoleptic feature, directly reflects the outward appearance of meat, mainly comprises muscle look, local flavor and quality etc.; (4) Meat Quality characteristic, mainly comprises yellowish pink, pH value, Coefficient shrinkage, drip loss, marble grain, tenderness etc.
At present, support sheep meat worker to be devoted to pursue high efficiency lake mutton production and the output of milk always, and main notice is placed on the speed of growth, the fattening performance of raising sheep meat and gives milk in efficiency, achieve fairly obvious progress, the speed of growth of sheep meat, feed-weight ratio and lean meat percentage are constantly improved, and produce meat ability and are greatly improved.But overemphasized meat production and the inherent function do not paid attention in sheep meat growth course, cause meat to be declined to become the very important huge problem of current foster lake mutton production.Meat declines and the proportion of meat of poor quality is improved greatly, has had a strong impact on its edibility on the one hand, also considerably reduces its processing characteristics on the other hand, hinders downstream industry chain and add the continuation that it is worth, cause huge economic loss.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the object of this invention is to provide a kind of sheep meat feed that effectively can improve sheep meat and preparation method thereof.
Technical scheme: a kind of sheep meat feed improving sheep meat provided by the invention, is made up of following component: corn, rye, soybean cake, secondary powder, cottonseed cake, Sunflower Cake, sweet potato vine, fish meal, bone meal, oyster shell whiting, B B-complex, composite polymineral, core additive; Wherein, core additive comprises following component: Chinese yam, orange peel, Radix Glycyrrhizae, caulis lonicerae, the Radix Astragali, flos caryophylli, elscholtiza, basyleave, rhizoma cyperi.
Preferably, be made up of the component of following weight portion: corn 25-35 part, rye 20-30 part, soybean cake 10-20 part, secondary powder 10-20 part, cottonseed cake 18-22 part, Sunflower Cake 4-6 part, sweet potato vine 4-6 part, fish meal 0.5-1.5 part, bone meal 0.5-1.5 part, oyster shell whiting 0.5-1.5 part, B B-complex 0.5-1.5 part, composite polymineral 0.5-1.5 part, core additive 2-4 part; Wherein, every 10 parts of core additives are made up of the component of following weight portion: Chinese yam 1-3 part, orange peel 0.5-1.5 part, Radix Glycyrrhizae 0.5-1.5 part, caulis lonicerae 2-4 part, Radix Astragali 0.5-1.5 part, flos caryophylli 0.5-1.5 part, elscholtiza 0.5-1.5 part, basyleave 0.5-1.5 part, rhizoma cyperi 0.5-1.5 part.
More preferably, be made up of the component of following weight portion: corn 30 parts, 25 parts, rye, soybean cake 15 parts, 15 parts, secondary powder, cottonseed cake 20 parts, Sunflower Cake 5 parts, sweet potato vine 5 parts, fish meal 1 part, bone meal 1 part, oyster shell whiting 1 part, B B-complex 1 part, composite polymineral 1 part, core additive 3 parts; Wherein, every 10 parts of core additives are made up of the component of following weight portion: Chinese yam 2 parts, orange peel 1 part, 1 part, Radix Glycyrrhizae, caulis lonicerae 1 part, the Radix Astragali 1 part, flos caryophylli 1 part, elscholtiza 1 part, basyleave 1 part, rhizoma cyperi 1 part.
Wherein, described B B-complex comprises VitAVitE, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and per kilogram B B-complex comprises: vitamin A 8000IU, vitamin E 30mg, VB14 mg, vitamin B2 6mg.
Wherein, described composite polymineral comprises iron, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt, selenium, and described composite polymineral per kilogram comprises: iron 150 grams, copper 10 grams, 100 grams, zinc, 20 grams, manganese, cobalt 0.50 gram, 0.50 gram, selenium.
Present invention also offers the above-mentioned preparation method improving the sheep meat feed of sheep meat, comprise the following steps:
(1) Chinese yam, orange peel, Radix Glycyrrhizae, caulis lonicerae, the Radix Astragali, flos caryophylli, elscholtiza, basyleave, rhizoma cyperi are pulverized respectively, sieve after mixing, obtain core additive;
(2) corn, rye, soybean cake, secondary powder, cottonseed cake, Sunflower Cake, sweet potato vine are pulverized respectively, sieve after mixing, obtain elementary feed;
(3) by adding bone meal, oyster shell whiting, composite polymineral, B B-complex and core additive in elementary feed successively, to obtain final product.
Present invention also offers the above-mentioned application improving the sheep meat feed of sheep meat, what weighed by the sheep human body by the described sheep meat feed improving sheep meat carries out feeding 2-4%/day.
Beneficial effect: the sheep meat feed improving sheep meat provided by the invention can not only provide sheep meat female sheep meat basis nutriment, ensure the growth efficiency of sheep meat, simultaneously by optimizing feed formula and adding core additive, the meat of sheep meat can be improved, security is high, raw material sources are wide, cheap.
Of the present invention improvement in the sheep meat feed of sheep meat contains multiple nutrients material, and scientific formulation, comprehensive nutrition, can meet the basal nutrient of sheep meat completely.
It is of the present invention that the sheep meat feed improving sheep meat can improve sheep meat immunity, security is high.Adopt natural products be raw material as core additive, sheep meat autoimmunity can be improved, promote the growth of sheep meat, improve sheep meat.
The sheep meat feed improving sheep meat provided by the invention is easy to use, abundant raw material source, cost are low, has and without special odor, accompanies in feed and do not affect feeding; Easy to use, it is convenient to preserve.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
Improve the sheep meat feed of sheep meat, be made up of the component of following weight portion: corn 30 parts, 25 parts, rye, soybean cake 15 parts, 15 parts, secondary powder, cottonseed cake 20 parts, Sunflower Cake 5 parts, sweet potato vine 5 parts, fish meal 1 part, bone meal 1 part, oyster shell whiting 1 part, B B-complex 1 part, composite polymineral 1 part, core additive 3 parts; Wherein, every 10 parts of core additives are made up of the component of following weight portion: Chinese yam 2 parts, orange peel 1 part, 1 part, Radix Glycyrrhizae, caulis lonicerae 1 part, the Radix Astragali 1 part, flos caryophylli 1 part, elscholtiza 1 part, basyleave 1 part, rhizoma cyperi 1 part.
Wherein, described B B-complex comprises VitAVitE, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and per kilogram B B-complex comprises: vitamin A 8000IU, vitamin E 30mg, VB14 mg, vitamin B2 6mg.
Wherein, described composite polymineral comprises iron, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt, selenium, and described composite polymineral per kilogram comprises: iron 150 grams, copper 10 grams, 100 grams, zinc, 20 grams, manganese, cobalt 0.50 gram, 0.50 gram, selenium.
Its preparation method, comprises the following steps:
(1) Chinese yam, orange peel, Radix Glycyrrhizae, caulis lonicerae, the Radix Astragali, flos caryophylli, elscholtiza, basyleave, rhizoma cyperi are pulverized respectively, cross 100-200 mesh sieve after mix, obtain core additive;
(2) corn, rye, soybean cake, secondary powder, cottonseed cake, Sunflower Cake, sweet potato vine are pulverized respectively, cross 100-200 mesh sieve after mix, obtain elementary feed;
(3) by adding bone meal, oyster shell whiting, composite polymineral, B B-complex and core additive in elementary feed successively, to obtain final product.
Embodiment 2
Improve the sheep meat feed of sheep meat, be made up of the component of following weight portion: corn 25 parts, 30 parts, rye, soybean cake 20 parts, 10 parts, secondary powder, cottonseed cake 18 parts, Sunflower Cake 4 parts, sweet potato vine 6 parts, fish meal 1.5 parts, bone meal 0.5 part, oyster shell whiting 1.5 parts, B B-complex 0.5 part, composite polymineral 1.5 parts, core additive 2 parts; Wherein, every 10 parts of core additives are made up of the component of following weight portion: Chinese yam 1 part, orange peel 0.5 part, 1.5 parts, Radix Glycyrrhizae, caulis lonicerae 1.5 parts, the Radix Astragali 0.5 part, flos caryophylli 1.5 parts, elscholtiza 0.5 part, basyleave 1.5 parts, rhizoma cyperi 1.5 parts.
Wherein, described B B-complex comprises VitAVitE, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and per kilogram B B-complex comprises: vitamin A 8000IU, vitamin E 30mg, VB14 mg, vitamin B2 6mg.
Wherein, described composite polymineral comprises iron, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt, selenium, and described composite polymineral per kilogram comprises: iron 150 grams, copper 10 grams, 100 grams, zinc, 20 grams, manganese, cobalt 0.50 gram, 0.50 gram, selenium.
Its preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
Improve the sheep meat feed of sheep meat, be made up of the component of following weight portion: corn 35 parts, 20 parts, rye, soybean cake 10 parts, 20 parts, secondary powder, cottonseed cake 22 parts, Sunflower Cake 6 parts, sweet potato vine 4 parts, fish meal 0.5 part, bone meal 1.5 parts, oyster shell whiting 0.5 part, B B-complex 1.5 parts, composite polymineral 0.5 part, core additive 4 parts; Wherein, every 10 parts of core additives are made up of the component of following weight portion: Chinese yam 3 parts, orange peel 1.5 parts, 0.5 part, Radix Glycyrrhizae, caulis lonicerae 0.5 part, the Radix Astragali 1.5 parts, flos caryophylli 0.5 part, elscholtiza 1.5 parts, basyleave 0.5 part, rhizoma cyperi 0.5 part.
Wherein, described B B-complex comprises VitAVitE, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and per kilogram B B-complex comprises: vitamin A 8000IU, vitamin E 30mg, VB14 mg, vitamin B2 6mg.
Wherein, described composite polymineral comprises iron, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt, selenium, and described composite polymineral per kilogram comprises: iron 150 grams, copper 10 grams, 100 grams, zinc, 20 grams, manganese, cobalt 0.50 gram, 0.50 gram, selenium.
Its preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
Select the sheep meat of 100 healthy about 20Kg, be divided into 4 groups at random, experimental group 1, experimental group 2, experimental group 3 adopt the sheep meat forage feed of the improvement sheep meat containing embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 respectively, and control group adopts common sheep meat forage feed.
Start to feed by above-mentioned raising, progresses and methods carries out the daily management such as expelling parasite, immunity routinely, freely drinks water.
Start and test to terminate to weigh on an empty stomach respectively in experiment for examination sheep meat.Experimental session is observed and probability sheep meat health status only.
Table 1 DIFFERENT FEED is on the impact of sheep meat
Index Control group Experimental group 1 Experimental group 2 Experimental group 3
Initial average weight Kg 20 20 20 20
Terminate average weight Kg 27.2 27.86 28.25 28.07
Average weight gain Kg 7.2 7.86 8.25 8.07
Test age in days d 30 30 30 30
Average daily gain Kg/d 0.24 0.262 0.275 0.269
Feed consumption kg 18 18 18 18
Feedstuff-meat ratio 2.5 2.29 2.18 2.23
Table 2 disease incident
Index Control group Experimental group 1 Experimental group 2 Experimental group 3
Incidence of Diarrhea % 8 0 0 4
Pedopathy incidence % 4 4 4 0
Respiratory tract incidence % 20 0 0 4
Total disease incident % 32 4 4 8
Result shows, the average daily gain of experimental group is apparently higher than control group, and feedstuff-meat ratio is lower than control group.Experimental group sheep meat disease incident is lower.
From control group, experimental group 1, experimental group, experimental group 3 respectively get 5 close sheep meat of body weight totally 20 be used as slaughter experiment, butcher fracture noon before that day, beat overbit and mark, sheep meat has the rest of 7-8 hour before butchering.
Table 3 DIFFERENT FEED is on the impact of maturity period sheep meat
Index Control group Experimental group 1 Experimental group 2 Experimental group 3
Dressing percentage % 48.9 49.7 49.6 49.8
Yellowish pink/point 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.5
Eye muscle area cm2 10.5 15.9 16.7 15.7
Marble grain/point 1.86 2.87 2.97 2.73
GR value/min 6.71 14.5 14.6 15.1
Diameter of muscle fiber/μm 20.2 19.2 19.6 19.1
Cold cuts rate % 57.5 67.6 69.4 70.0
Tenderness 4.9 4.1 3.8 3.9
45min pH 6.1 5.9 5.9 6.0
Drip loss 1.51 1.00 1.01 1.03
Wherein, yellowish pink mensuration adopts color difference meter MinoltaCR-300 or CR-310 (diameter of gage outfit be respectively 8 and 50mm) or HunterMiniScan.When measuring different wave length (400nm-700nm), sample is by the quantity of light reflected.According to these by the data of light/wavelength reflected, calculate color value with a yellowish pink three dimensionality value.Adopt L*a*b* color standard in the present invention.In this color standard, the brightness of sample represents by L* value (0-100).Redness (+a*) and green degree (-a*) a* value represent, yellowing (+b*) and blue degree (-b*) b* value represent.For normal fresh sheep meat, a* and b* value changes in a little scope.Mainly L* value (brightness) can change along with quality.
Adopt determination method of dripping to measure the Coefficient shrinkage of sheep meat: the cube meat longitudinally getting 5 × 3 × 2.5cm (40-50g) on longissimus dorsi muscle, weigh, with sealed bag sealing, weigh after 4 DEG C of environment deposit 24 hours, calculate drip loss, the results are shown in Table 3.
Result shows, experimental group all has remarkable impact to the dressing percentage of maturity period sheep meat, yellowish pink, eye muscle area, marble grain, GR value, diameter of muscle fiber, cold cuts rate, tenderness.The meat sheep meat drip loss of 24 hours of test group is starkly lower than control group.
Get sheep meat and carry out trial test experiment.
Experimental result tasted by table 3
Index Control group Experimental group 1 Experimental group 2 Experimental group 3
Number identification 10 10 10 10
Tenderness 8.1 9.5 9.2 8.9
Flavour 8.1 9.0 8.9 9.3
Succulence 8.0 8.9 9.6 8.9
Soup taste 8.2 9.2 9.1 8.8
In taste test, the meat of test group is after boiling water boils, and delicious flavour, is not with peculiar smell.

Claims (5)

1. improve a sheep meat feed for sheep meat, it is characterized in that: be made up of following component: corn, rye, soybean cake, secondary powder, cottonseed cake, Sunflower Cake, sweet potato vine, fish meal, bone meal, oyster shell whiting, B B-complex, composite polymineral, core additive; Wherein, core additive is made up of following component: Chinese yam, orange peel, Radix Glycyrrhizae, caulis lonicerae, the Radix Astragali, flos caryophylli, elscholtiza, basyleave, rhizoma cyperi; Wherein, described B B-complex comprises VitAVitE, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and per kilogram B B-complex comprises: vitamin A 8000IU, vitamin E 30mg, VB14 mg, vitamin B2 6mg; Described composite polymineral comprises iron, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt, selenium, and described composite polymineral per kilogram comprises: iron 150 grams, copper 10 grams, 100 grams, zinc, 20 grams, manganese, cobalt 0.50 gram, 0.50 gram, selenium.
2. a kind of sheep meat feed improving sheep meat according to claim 1, is characterized in that: be made up of the component of following weight portion: corn 25-35 part, rye 20-30 part, soybean cake 10-20 part, secondary powder 10-20 part, cottonseed cake 18-22 part, Sunflower Cake 4-6 part, sweet potato vine 4-6 part, fish meal 0.5-1.5 part, bone meal 0.5-1.5 part, oyster shell whiting 0.5-1.5 part, B B-complex 0.5-1.5 part, composite polymineral 0.5-1.5 part, core additive 2-4 part; Wherein, every 10 parts of core additives are made up of the component of following weight portion: Chinese yam 1-3 part, orange peel 0.5-1.5 part, Radix Glycyrrhizae 0.5-1.5 part, caulis lonicerae 0.5-1.5 part, Radix Astragali 0.5-1.5 part, flos caryophylli 0.5-1.5 part, elscholtiza 0.5-1.5 part, basyleave 0.5-1.5 part, rhizoma cyperi 0.5-1.5 part.
3. a kind of sheep meat feed improving sheep meat according to claim 1, is characterized in that: be made up of the component of following weight portion: corn 30 parts, 25 parts, rye, soybean cake 15 parts, 15 parts, secondary powder, cottonseed cake 20 parts, Sunflower Cake 5 parts, sweet potato vine 5 parts, fish meal 1 part, bone meal 1 part, oyster shell whiting 1 part, B B-complex 1 part, composite polymineral 1 part, core additive 3 parts; Wherein, every 10 parts of core additives are made up of the component of following weight portion: Chinese yam 2 parts, orange peel 1 part, 1 part, Radix Glycyrrhizae, caulis lonicerae 1 part, the Radix Astragali 1 part, flos caryophylli 1 part, elscholtiza 1 part, basyleave 1 part, rhizoma cyperi 1 part.
4. a preparation method for the sheep meat feed of the improvement sheep meat described in any one of claims 1 to 3, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) Chinese yam, orange peel, Radix Glycyrrhizae, caulis lonicerae, the Radix Astragali, flos caryophylli, elscholtiza, basyleave, rhizoma cyperi are pulverized respectively, sieve after mixing, obtain core additive;
(2) corn, rye, soybean cake, secondary powder, cottonseed cake, Sunflower Cake, sweet potato vine are pulverized respectively, sieve after mixing, obtain elementary feed;
(3) by adding bone meal, oyster shell whiting, composite polymineral, B B-complex and core additive in elementary feed successively, to obtain final product.
5. the application of the sheep meat feed of the improvement sheep meat described in any one of claims 1 to 3, is characterized in that: what weighed by the sheep human body by the described sheep meat feed improving sheep meat carries out feeding 2-4%/day.
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湖羊的常用饲料;郑军等;《湖羊生产技术》;20020101;第72页倒数第3行-第80页最后1行 *

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