CN104024442A - Apparatus for manufacturing molten iron and method for manufacturing the same - Google Patents
Apparatus for manufacturing molten iron and method for manufacturing the same Download PDFInfo
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- CN104024442A CN104024442A CN201280063743.2A CN201280063743A CN104024442A CN 104024442 A CN104024442 A CN 104024442A CN 201280063743 A CN201280063743 A CN 201280063743A CN 104024442 A CN104024442 A CN 104024442A
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- molten iron
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- iron
- carbonaceous material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/14—Multi-stage processes processes carried out in different vessels or furnaces
- C21B13/143—Injection of partially reduced ore into a molten bath
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0006—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
- C21B13/0013—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state introduction of iron oxide into a bath of molten iron containing a carbon reductant
- C21B13/002—Reduction of iron ores by passing through a heated column of carbon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/40—Gas purification of exhaust gases to be recirculated or used in other metallurgical processes
- C21B2100/44—Removing particles, e.g. by scrubbing, dedusting
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
A device and a method for manufacturing molten metal are provided to manufacture hot metal from low grade minerals high in gangue because there is no inflow of ash included in pulverized coal inside a finex melting furnace and a corex melting furnace. A device for manufacturing molten metal comprises a drying unit (10), a gas furnace (20) and a molten metal furnace. The drying unit dries a carbonaceous material by using exhaust gas ejected during iron manufacturing process. The dried carbonaceous material is inputted into the gas furnace through a pipe connected to the drying unit and the gas furnace produces reductant gas by using high temperature air and oxygen. Iron ore or reduced iron is inputted into the inside of the molten metal furnace. Reductant gas is blown into the furnace through a winnower and then molten metal is manufactured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of molten iron producing apparatus and process for producing molten iron, relate more specifically to one and burn carbonaceous material outward and make reducing gas and spray in stove at molten iron furnace, with molten iron producing apparatus and the method thereof of reducing iron ore or reduced iron.
Background technology
In the iron-smelting process that utilizes blast furnace, high price coking coal is made to block coke and packed into blast furnace by coking process, to play reductive agent, thermal source and skeleton (spacer) effect of reducing iron ore.
The price of its process cost of coke as above and feed coal is very high, and the cheap fine coal that therefore process cost are cheap and no adhesion also can be manufactured molten iron sprays in blast furnace, to reduce the manufacturing cost of molten iron.
When fine coal (pulverized coal) is sprayed into blast furnace, spray in a large number solid fuel and can reduce incendivity, cause not firing Bird's Nest district (bird ' nest) reinforcement that semicoke (char) forms in the peripheral deposition in convolution district, thereby the problem of combustion chamber inactivation can occur.
In the FINEX smelting reduction process being undertaken by multistage fluidized bed reduction reactor and melting gasification furnace, also spray into fine coal to melting gasification furnace, but directly spray into solid fuel fine coal, not as the reducing gas that burning fine coal is produced directly sprays into melting gasification furnace, the latter is more conducive to the final reduction of reduced iron.
In addition, the ash in fine coal (ash) is mainly by aluminum oxide (Al
2o
3) and silicon-dioxide (SiO
2) composition, and the high mobility that can reduce slag of the fusing point of these ash.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, provide a kind of fine coal used iron-smelting process is not directly sprayed into blast furnace, FINEX stove, COREX stove, but combustion outer is manufactured reducing gas, and this reducing gas is sprayed in stove, make the technology of iron ore or reduced iron reduction, to solve problem as above.
To achieve these goals, the molten iron producing apparatus of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, comprising: drying installation, utilizes the waste gas of discharging in process for producing steel and iron to be dried carbonaceous material; Vapourizing furnace, packs into by the conduit being connected with described drying installation after the described carbonaceous material of drying, it is burnt under high-temperature hot-air or oxygen, to produce reducing gas; And molten iron furnace, be connected with described vapourizing furnace by conduit, spray into described reducing gas by air port after packing iron ore or reduced iron in stove into, to manufacture molten iron.
Described molten iron producing apparatus also comprises: hotblast stove, and for to described vapourizing furnace supplying high temperature hot blast.
Described molten iron producing apparatus also comprises: waste gas feed device, and for supplying to described vapourizing furnace the waste gas that described molten iron furnace is discharged.
Described drying installation is by the waste gas partial combustion that makes to discharge in described process for producing steel and iron, removes or reduces moisture or the volatile matter (volatile material) in described carbonaceous material.
Described molten iron furnace is any in blast furnace, FINEX melting gasification furnace and COREX melting gasification furnace.
Hydrogen (the H of described reducing gas
2) content is below 30%.
The pressure of described vapourizing furnace is 5bar～20bar.
The temperature of the described reducing gas of producing in described vapourizing furnace is more than 1000 DEG C.
Described carbonaceous material is selected from least one in coal, fine coal, coal for power generation, RDF, RPF and biomass fuel.
The process for producing molten iron of another preferred embodiment of the present invention, comprising: utilize the waste gas of discharging in process for producing steel and iron to be dried carbonaceous material; Pack dried described carbonaceous material into vapourizing furnace burning, to produce reducing gas; And pack iron ore or reduced iron into and spray into described reducing gas in stove, to reduce.
Described process for producing molten iron also comprises: the waste gas that sprays into described iron ore or reduced iron and be reduced rear discharge to described vapourizing furnace.
Described carbonaceous material dry in the following ways: make the waste gas partial combustion of discharging in described process for producing steel and iron, to remove or to reduce moisture contained in described carbonaceous material or volatile matter.
The production of described reducing gas is by spraying into high-temperature hot-air to described vapourizing furnace or oxygen carries out.
Described molten iron furnace is any in blast furnace, FINEX melting gasification furnace and COREX melting gasification furnace.
Hydrogen (the H of described reducing gas
2) content is below 30%.
The pressure of described vapourizing furnace is 5bar～20bar.
The temperature of the described reducing gas of producing in described vapourizing furnace is more than 1000 DEG C.
Described carbonaceous material is selected from least one in coal, fine coal, coal for power generation, RDF, RPF and biomass fuel.
According to the present invention, in blast furnace, FINEX stove, COREX stove, can not flow into the ash being included in fine coal, therefore can manufacture molten iron by the high low grade ore of gangue content.
In addition the reducing gas of the producing to spraying into the fuel combustion that the ash content of coal is high in blast furnace, FINEX stove, COREX stove but not fine coal, the fuel cost therefore can significantly reduce molten iron and manufacture time.
In addition, owing to not spraying into fine coal, can solve the combustion chamber inactivation problem that forms Bird's Nest district (bird ' s nest) and produce therefrom in blast furnace.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the molten iron producing apparatus of one embodiment of the invention, demonstrates the equipment that the reducing gas producing by vapourizing furnace is sprayed into blast furnace and manufactures molten iron.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the molten iron producing apparatus of another embodiment of the present invention, demonstrates the equipment that the reducing gas producing by vapourizing furnace is sprayed into FINEX melting gasification furnace or multistage fluidized bed reduction reactor and manufactures molten iron.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the molten iron producing apparatus of another embodiment of the present invention, demonstrates the equipment that the reducing gas producing by vapourizing furnace is sprayed into COREX melting gasification furnace or shaft furnace (shaft furnace) and manufactures molten iron.
Fig. 4 is the process flow sheet of the process for producing molten iron of another embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
With reference to the following example of accompanying drawing and detailed description, just can be expressly understood advantage of the present invention, feature and realize the method for these advantage and disadvantages.But the present invention can implement with various different modes, is not limited to the following example.Provide the object of the following example to be, fully openly the present invention is so that those skilled in the art has entirety and understands fully summary of the invention, and protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with claims.In specification sheets in the whole text, identical components is adopted to identical Reference numeral.
Below, with reference to accompanying drawing, the molten iron producing apparatus of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is described.
Refer to Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, molten iron producing apparatus of the present invention, comprising: drying installation 10, utilizes the waste gas of discharging in process for producing steel and iron to be dried carbonaceous material; Vapourizing furnace 20, packs into after the described carbonaceous material of drying, it is burnt under high-temperature hot-air or oxygen, to produce reducing gas; And molten iron furnace 50,60,70, spray into described reducing gas after packing iron ore or reduced iron in stove into, to manufacture molten iron.
Described carbonaceous material can comprise grizzle (low grade coal), fine coal, coal for power generation, waste derivatived fuel (RDF)/plastic waste derivatived fuel (RPF), biomass fuel (biomass) etc., but be not limited to this, all can use with the fuel of reducing gas for the production of (manufacture) reduction of iron ore.
RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel) is the solid fuel of being made up of flammable domestic refuse, and the raw material of RDF can be igelite, waste paper, plastic prod, timber, fiber, food etc.
RPF (Refuse Plastic Fuel) refers to plastic waste solid fuel.
The waste gas of discharging in so-called process for producing steel and iron not only refer to blast furnace waste gas (BFG),
the furnace waste gas of technique, from
the waste gas that the fluid bed reduction reactor of technique is discharged, the waste gas (COG) of discharging from coke oven, the waste gas (LDG) of discharging from the converter of process for making etc. etc., also can comprise the waste gas of the form of ownership of iron work.
Vapourizing furnace 20 is that one utilizes oxygen or hot blast (air) to make carbonaceous material partial combustion, is produced whereby the device of desired gas by solid carbon-containing material.Vapourizing furnace 20 of the present invention is carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (Hs required for the production of reduction of iron ore
2) device.
Described molten iron producing apparatus also comprises hotblast stove 30, for to described vapourizing furnace 20 supplying high temperature hot blasts.As making carbonaceous material pack the thermal source of described vapourizing furnace 20 afterfires into, what the mode that can provide to spray into was supplied is warming up to hot blast (air) or the oxygen of 1000 DEG C～1200 DEG C in hotblast stove 30.
Hotblast stove 30 is drums that iron plate is made, and the crust inner side of cylinder has been built refractory brick by laying bricks or stones with reticulation.Make waste gas (coke-oven gas (the coke oven gas, producing in the waste gas of the furnace waste gas of blast furnace gas, COREX technique, FINEX fluid bed reduction reactor or coke oven (coke oven) producing in molten iron furnace; COG)) between the fire brick layer in hotblast stove 30, burn, to carry out preheating, then make it become hot blast to transporting cold wind (air) between these brick layers.The temperature of this hot blast is more than 1000 DEG C.So, the hot blast being preheated is sent into vapourizing furnace 20.
In the reducing gas producing in described vapourizing furnace 20, not only contain the carbon monoxide (CO), the hydrogen (H that are useful on reducing iron ore or reduced iron
2), also may contain methane (CH
4) etc. volatile matter, therefore preferably the temperature of described reducing gas is remained on can make that methane etc. decomposes more than 1000 DEG C.
For the gas temperature producing in vapourizing furnace is remained on more than 1000 DEG C, need to air be carried out preheating and be sprayed into, and in blast furnace operation, conventionally use hotblast stove 30, therefore without separately building hotblast stove 30, can directly utilize the hotblast stove 30 in blast furnace operation.
Described molten iron producing apparatus also comprises waste gas feed device 40, for supplying the waste gas of discharging from described molten iron furnace to described vapourizing furnace 20.
Described molten iron furnace can comprise the melting gasification furnace 60 of blast furnace 50, FINEX technique, the melting gasification furnace 70 of COREX technique.
FINEX technique (
pROCESS) refer to and pack the auxiliary materials such as powder iron ore and Wingdale, rhombspar into multistage fluidized bed reduction reactor, and in reduction furnace, carry out successively Reduction on Fluidized Bed, afterwards discharged reduced iron is packed in melting gasification furnace 60 together with coal, and spray into oxygen from furnace bottom by air port, to manufacture the technique of molten iron.
In described melting gasification furnace 60, pack coal and reduced iron into and spray into oxygen, thereby producing the reducing gass such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen by the burning of coal, molten iron made by reduced iron by the heat simultaneously producing by carbonaceous material.
Fig. 2 schematically shows multistage fluidized bed reduction reactor and the melting gasification furnace of FINEX technique.
The reducing gas producing in described vapourizing furnace 20 can be injected to described FINEX melting gasification furnace 60 or described multistage fluidized bed reduction reactor 65.
That is to say, described reducing gas not only can be injected to melting gasification furnace 60, can also be injected to described multistage fluidized bed reduction reactor 65, thereby for the reduction of iron ore.
In described molten iron furnace, the spent air temperture of discharging from blast furnace 50 is low, be about 200 DEG C of left and right, this waste gas is sprayed in described vapourizing furnace 20, make the temperature of the reducing gas of discharging in described vapourizing furnace 20 remain on 1100 DEG C of left and right, so that the volatile matter such as methane decomposes, the technical problems such as thermosteresis, pipe problems and the volume increase that the temperature that can solve reducing gas simultaneously can occur while exceeding 1200 DEG C.
Described drying installation 10 is for the storage of carbonaceous material and the pre-treatment such as dry, it is characterized in that the waste gas partial combustion by making to discharge in described process for producing steel and iron, remove or reduce moisture or volatile matter (the volatile material in described carbonaceous material; VM).
Moisture in described carbonaceous material is water (H
2o) form, and volatile matter major part exists with the form of hydrocarbon (hydrocarbon) compound, in the time flowing into the reduction reaction of iron-smelting process without pretreatment process, may cause the inflow of hydrogen composition to increase.
In order to carry out removing the pre-treatment of moisture, volatile matter from carbonaceous material, can adopt (hot blast) of lyophilize, vacuum-drying, pump circulation mode dry, use the contact drying method that is dried, utilizes interchanger etc. of absorption agent.
In addition, in the present invention, can use the direct drying method of high temperature convection type, the method is utilized the by-product gas of iron work, i.e. waste gas (stock gas).
The stock gas producing in iron-smelting process has 200 DEG C of following latent heat, and in stock gas, contains the part carbon monoxide (CO), the hydrogen (H that have neither part nor lot in reduction reaction in reduction operation
2), utilize this feature the present invention effectively to carry out pre-treatment, from carbonaceous material, remove moisture and volatile matter.
More specifically, in lower or as low in gasification points such as the RDF/RPF situation of the content of volatile matter, while only making the evaporation of appended moisture, for waste gas (stock gas) dry and that use can be directly used in dry or make temperature reach 200 DEG C by micro-partial combustion to be used further to be dried after following.
If the coal that the content of volatile matter is high and burning-point is higher adds oxygen or air in waste gas (stock gas), and be used further to be dried after improving temperature by partial combustion.
Now, for drying efficiency, more than the temperature of partially combusted stock gas can being remained on to burning-point.This is because there is not oxygen composition in the stock gas improving by partial combustion temperature, can not be lighted so be dried more than burning-point also.Therefore,, for efficiency dry and removal volatile matter, available high temperature carries out pre-treatment.
But, if for example, heat the carbonic acid gas (CO in stock gas with too high temperature (more than 700 DEG C)
2) or moisture (H
2o) react with the carbon (C) in carbonaceous material and the speed that produces carbon monoxide (CO) will be accelerated, thereby cause the loss of the carbon component in carbonaceous material, therefore should not heat by too high temperature.
Pretreatment process can be to utilize the method that easily forms the fluidized-bed of heat exchange and gaseous exchange.As the drying mode that utilizes fluidized-bed, the chamber (container) that can be filled with by partially combusted waste gas is sprayed into carbonaceous material carries out, and preferably controls temperature and the speed of waste gas according to the granularity of rate of drying or carbonaceous material.
The waste gas of discharging in described process for producing steel and iron comprises the waste gas (the COREX waste gas producing in the FINEX waste gas producing in the blast furnace waste gas of, discharging from blast furnace, the fluid bed reduction reactor of FINEX technique, the shaft furnace of COREX technique) producing in molten iron furnace.
The waste gas of discharging in described process for producing steel and iron in addition, can comprise coal gas of converter (converter gas) producing in the coke-oven gas that produces in coke oven, converter etc.
By making waste gas partial combustion, carbonaceous material is heated to temperature and reaches 100 DEG C～700 DEG C, so that before packing vapourizing furnace 20 into, evaporate in advance moisture, volatile matter, and then burning carbonaceous material, to produce when reducing gas, can maintain the hydrogen content being contained in final reducing gas below certain proportion in vapourizing furnace 20.
The invention is characterized in the hydrogen (H of described reducing gas
2) content is below 30%.Spray in the reducing gas of molten iron furnace for the reduction of iron ore or reduced iron, in the time that hydrogen content exceedes 30%, belonged to thermo-negative reaction by the reduction reaction of the iron ore of hydrogen reducing, as shown in reduction of iron ore reaction formula below.Therefore, may there is in the furnace roof portion of iron-smelting process the phenomenon that heat is not enough, so hydrogen content should not exceed 30%.
That is to say, if the hydrogen content of reducing gas exceedes 30%, will cause occurring that in the furnace roof portion of iron-smelting process heat is not enough, head temperature declines, can there is not reduction reaction in furnace roof portion in its result, and the temperature of stock gas can be down to below dew point, and then there is dewfall phenomenon, therefore can the obstruction of producer burn into equipment etc.
When iron ore is reduced by hydrogen, carbon monoxide, reaction formula is as follows.
Fe
2o
3+ 3H
2->2Fe+3H
2o-22.8kcal/mol (thermo-negative reaction)
Fe
2o
3+ 3CO->2Fe+3CO
2+ 6.7kcal/mol (thermopositive reaction)
The invention is characterized in, the pressure of described vapourizing furnace 20 is 5bar～20bar.
When the reducing gas producing in described vapourizing furnace 20 is sprayed into blast furnace 50 (blast furnace), FINEX fusion reducing furnace (melter-gasifier), COREX fusion reducing furnace, the pressure of blast furnace 50 bottoms is generally four more than normal atmosphere, and the pressure of FINEX fusion reducing furnace or COREX melting and reducing furnace bottom is generally five more than normal atmosphere.Therefore, more than preferably the pressure of described vapourizing furnace 20 being remained on to 5bar, and if exceed 20bar, need to set up and prevent the equipment that vapourizing furnace 20 is blasted and increase thickness of scale etc. for withstand voltage design, this can cause materials cost high cost, therefore should not exceed 20bar.
The invention is characterized in, the temperature of the described reducing gas producing in described vapourizing furnace 20 is more than 1000 DEG C.
Reducing gas preferably comprises the hydrocarbons decompose such as methane and the carbon monoxide, the hydrogen etc. that produce, therefore preferably remains on more than 1000 DEG C, more than the decomposition temperature of namely for methane.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the molten iron producing apparatus of another embodiment of the present invention, demonstrates in COREX smelting reduction process, sprays into burning carbonaceous material and the reducing gas made from outside, thereby manufactures the equipment of molten iron.
As the FINEX technique of Fig. 2, COREX technique (
pROCESS) be the iron-smelting process of directly manufacturing molten iron with coal and ore, the iron ore using is that granularity is pellet, the lump ore of 8～30mm, and the coal using is that granularity is the patch fuel of 8～50mm, be with the difference of FINEX technique, reduction reactor is shaft furnace (shaft furnace) but not fluid bed reduction reactor.
According to technology of the present invention, in blast-furnace process without directly spraying into fine coal, but in outside, grizzle is carried out to pre-treatment (gasification), and consequent reducing gas is directly sprayed into molten iron furnace, be blast furnace 50, FINEX fusion reducing furnace, COREX fusion reducing furnace, thereby can prevent coal burning and the ash (Al that produces
2o
3, SiO
2deng) inflow molten iron furnace.
In addition, when blast furnace 50 operation, spray in a large number the solid fuels such as fine coal (pulverized coal) and can reduce incendivity, and then in convolution peripheral formation of deposits Bird's Nest district of district (bird ' s nest) and produce thus the problems such as combustion chamber inactivation, and the present invention can address these problems.
Fig. 4 is the process flow sheet of the process for producing molten iron of another embodiment of the present invention.
The process for producing molten iron of another embodiment of the present invention, comprising: utilize the waste gas of discharging in process for producing steel and iron to be dried (S10) to carbonaceous material; Pack dried described carbonaceous material into vapourizing furnace 20 burning, to produce reducing gas (S20); And spray into described reducing gas after packing iron ore or reduced iron in stove, to reduce (S30).
Described process for producing molten iron also comprises, sprays into described iron ore or reduced iron and be reduced the waste gas of rear discharge to described vapourizing furnace 20.
Hot blast (air) temperature in hotblast stove 30 rises to 1000 DEG C～1200 DEG C, the temperature of the reducing gas producing by burning in vapourizing furnace 20 is higher than hot blast temperature, and therefore many technical problems such as thermosteresis, pipe problems and volume increase may occur.
The spent air temperture producing in the blast furnace 50 of one of molten iron furnace is below 200 DEG C, and in the waste gas of blast furnace 50, contains in a large number carbonic acid gas (CO
2), while therefore spraying into the waste gas of blast furnace 50 to vapourizing furnace 20, can cause CO
2+ C=2CO reaction, because this reaction is thermo-negative reaction, can be controlled at the temperature of the reducing gas of discharging in vapourizing furnace 20 in certain temperature range.
In addition, with respect to 2C+O
2in=2CO reaction, burn 2mole carbon and generate the CO of 2mole, and be discharged into outside CO by recycling
2just can generate with the carbon of 1mole the carbon monoxide (CO) of 2mole, therefore offer vapourizing furnace 20 by the waste gas that reduction of iron ore is produced, not only can control the temperature of final reducing gas, can also expand recycling and the CO gas volume of carbonic acid gas.
The dry of described carbonaceous material is characterized in that, by the waste gas partial combustion that makes to discharge in process for producing steel and iron, removes the moisture or the volatile matter that are contained in described carbonaceous material.
Carbonaceous material as grizzle, moisture and volatile matter (volatile material; VM) content is higher than common coal.Wherein, volatile matter major part is hydrogen, methane etc.
If above-mentioned volatile matter is too much in carbonaceous material, when combustion of carbonaceous materials, can produce a large amount of hydrogen, methane etc., finally improve the hydrogen content in reducing gas.If hydrogen content is high in reducing gas, in iron-smelting process, may there is the phenomenon that heat is not enough, preferably hydrogen content is remained on below certain proportion.
The waste gas of discharging in process for producing steel and iron comprises blast furnace waste gas (Blast Furnace Gas; The waste gas that BFG), produces in FINEX technique (
off-Gas; FOG) waste gas, producing in COREX technique.
In addition, can use coke-oven gas (Coke Oven Gas as described waste gas; COG) coal gas of converter, producing in process for making.
Make to be contained in carbon monoxide (CO) partial combustion in described waste gas, spent air temperture will rise, this is passed in described carbonaceous material, just can make the temperature rise of carbonaceous material (is 400 DEG C of left and right in the situation of coal to burning-point, different according to material), thus remove the moisture or volatile matter (the volatile matter that are included in carbonaceous material; VM).
That is to say the main component methane (CH of volatile matter
4), hydrogen (H
2) etc. material disappear, thereby the hydrogen content having in the final reducing gas that packs carbonaceous material into vapourizing furnace 20 afterfires and produce can be reduced to the effect below certain proportion.
Especially, in blast furnace waste gas, not only contain carbonic acid gas but also containing having an appointment 25% carbon monoxide, by making its partial combustion, can carry out pre-treatment to carbonaceous material.Its result, because of the low blast furnace waste gas of substantially being thrown away of heat, can control the component of reducing gas by recycling.
For the production of described reducing gas, it is characterized in that, by spraying into high-temperature hot-air to described vapourizing furnace 20 or oxygen carries out.
Described vapourizing furnace 20 packs into after coal, fine coal, coal for power generation, RDF/RPF, biomass fuel etc., by approximately 1000 DEG C of above hot blast or oxygen are sprayed into and burnt, can produce reducing gas.
As mentioned above, at molten iron furnace (, blast furnace, FINEX melting gasification furnace, COREX melting gasification furnace etc.) stove burn carbonaceous material outward and generate reducing gas, can also solve whereby directly spray into fine coal and occur be contained in the ash (Al in coal
2o
3, SiO
2deng) flow in molten iron furnace and technical problem that the many low-grade fuels of ash spray into.
Especially, operate for blast furnace ironmaking, need not in blast furnace, directly spray into fine coal, can in outside vapourizing furnace, remove ash by burning, and only spray into reducing gas, do not fire thereby can reduce in convolution district the combustion chamber inactivation problem that semicoke forms Bird's Nest district (bird ' s nest) and causes.
The invention is characterized in, described molten iron furnace is any in blast furnace 50, FINEX melting gasification furnace 60, COREX melting gasification furnace 70.
Can use after packing coke, agglomerate etc. into and spray into hot blast as described molten iron furnace, to manufacture the blast furnace 50 of molten iron; Utilize multistage fluidized bed reduction reactor 65 and melting gasification furnace 60 to manufacture molten iron
the fusion reducing furnace (melter-gasifier) of technique; Utilize the melting gasification furnace of the COREX technique of shaft furnace 75 and melting gasification furnace 70.
The invention is characterized in the hydrogen (H of described reducing gas
2) content is below 30%.
The reduction of iron ore reaction of being undertaken by hydrogen is thermo-negative reaction, so there will be the not enough phenomenon of iron-smelting furnace top heat.Therefore, preferably the hydrogen content of reducing gas used in iron-smelting process is remained on below 30%.
The invention is characterized in, the pressure of described vapourizing furnace 20 is 5bar～20bar.When the reducing gas producing in described vapourizing furnace 20 is sprayed into blast furnace 50 or FINEX fusion reducing furnace, the pressure of the bottom of blast furnace 50 is generally four more than normal atmosphere, and the pressure of FINEX melting and reducing furnace bottom is generally five more than normal atmosphere, therefore more than preferentially the pressure of described vapourizing furnace 20 being remained on to 5bar, but should not exceed 20bar, because there is safety problem and the too high problem of equipment cost of vapourizing furnace 20.
The invention is characterized in, the temperature of the described reducing gas generating in described vapourizing furnace 20 is more than 1000 DEG C.Reducing gas preferably comprises the hydrocarbons decompose such as methane and the carbon monoxide, the hydrogen etc. that produce, therefore preferably remains on more than 1000 DEG C, more than the decomposition temperature of namely for methane.
According to the present invention, the ash being included in the fine coal directly spraying into can not flow in molten iron furnace, approximately 10～20% in the alumina composition that therefore can avoid flowing into due to fine coal in slag, and approximately 20～30% in silica composition flows in molten iron furnace.
Its result, can be used the low grade ore that aluminum oxide in iron ore, dioxide-containing silica and above-mentioned difference are equally high, even if therefore raw materials quality reduces, also can produce molten iron in iron-smelting process.
In addition, at present blast furnace operation is in view of restriction and the thermal value of ash in fine coal etc., the semi-anthracitic coal classes that use in the time spraying into fine coal more, but spray into reducing gas instead of fine coal according to the present invention to high furnace interior, therefore can use brown coal, coal for power generation or the Korea S that cheapness and the ash content of coal are high to produce hard coal class, even can use biomass fuel (biomass) and RDF/RPF.
As a result, when spraying into fine coal compared with, can greatly reduce molten iron and manufacture fuel cost used, and the kind of based on fuel can significantly reduce carbonic acid gas.
In addition, replace fine coal to spray into reducing gas, the not combustion semicoke of fine coal or ash are reduced, thereby can improve the combustion chamber inactivation problem that forms Bird's Nest district (bird ' s nest) and cause thus in convolution district.
Above, with reference to accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention are illustrated, but are understood by those skilled in the art that, in the situation that not changing technological thought or essential feature, the present invention can otherwise implement.
Therefore, the above embodiments are exemplary and nonrestrictive.Protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion but not above-mentioned explanation with claims, and all changes of being derived by implication, scope and the such equivalents of claims or the form of change, all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (20)
1. a molten iron producing apparatus, comprising:
Drying installation, utilizes the waste gas of discharging in process for producing steel and iron to be dried carbonaceous material;
Vapourizing furnace, packs into by the conduit being connected with described drying installation after the described carbonaceous material of drying, it is burnt under high-temperature hot-air or oxygen, to produce reducing gas; And
Molten iron furnace, is connected with described vapourizing furnace by conduit, sprays into described reducing gas after packing iron ore or reduced iron into, to manufacture molten iron in stove by air port.
2. molten iron producing apparatus according to claim 1, also comprises:
Hotblast stove, for to described vapourizing furnace supplying high temperature hot blast.
3. molten iron producing apparatus according to claim 1 and 2, also comprises:
Waste gas feed device, for supplying to described vapourizing furnace the waste gas that described molten iron furnace is discharged.
4. molten iron producing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein,
Described drying installation is by the waste gas partial combustion that makes to discharge in described process for producing steel and iron, removes or reduces moisture or the volatile matter in described carbonaceous material.
5. molten iron producing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein,
Described molten iron furnace is any in blast furnace, FINEX melting gasification furnace and COREX melting gasification furnace.
6. molten iron producing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein
When described molten iron furnace is FINEX melting gasification furnace, the reducing gas generating in described vapourizing furnace sprays into described FINEX melting gasification furnace or multistage fluidized bed reduction reactor.
7. molten iron producing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein,
When described molten iron furnace is COREX melting gasification furnace, the reducing gas generating in described vapourizing furnace sprays into described COREX melting gasification furnace or shaft furnace.
8. molten iron producing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein,
The hydrogen content of described reducing gas is below 30%.
9. molten iron producing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein,
The pressure of described vapourizing furnace is 5bar～20bar.
10. molten iron producing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein,
The temperature of the described reducing gas of producing in described vapourizing furnace is more than 1000 DEG C.
11. molten iron producing apparatuss according to claim 1, wherein,
Described carbonaceous material is selected from least one in coal, fine coal, coal for power generation, RDF, RPF and biomass fuel.
12. 1 kinds of process for producing molten iron, comprising:
Utilize the waste gas of discharging in process for producing steel and iron to be dried carbonaceous material;
Pack dried described carbonaceous material into vapourizing furnace burning, to produce reducing gas; And
In stove, pack iron ore or reduced iron into and spray into described reducing gas, to reduce.
13. process for producing molten iron according to claim 12, also comprise:
Spray into described iron ore or reduced iron and be reduced the waste gas of rear discharge to described vapourizing furnace.
14. according to the process for producing molten iron described in claim 12 or 13, wherein,
Described carbonaceous material dry in the following ways: make the waste gas partial combustion of discharging in described process for producing steel and iron, to remove or to reduce moisture or the volatile matter in described carbonaceous material.
15. process for producing molten iron according to claim 12, wherein,
The production of described reducing gas is by spraying into high-temperature hot-air to described vapourizing furnace or oxygen carries out.
16. process for producing molten iron according to claim 12, wherein,
Described molten iron furnace is any in blast furnace, FINEX melting gasification furnace and COREX melting gasification furnace.
17. process for producing molten iron according to claim 12, wherein,
The hydrogen content of described reducing gas is below 30%.
18. process for producing molten iron according to claim 12, wherein,
The pressure of described vapourizing furnace is 5bar～20bar.
19. process for producing molten iron according to claim 12, wherein,
The temperature of the described reducing gas of producing in described vapourizing furnace is more than 1000 DEG C.
20. process for producing molten iron according to claim 12, wherein,
Described carbonaceous material is selected from least one in coal, fine coal, coal for power generation, RDF, RPF and biomass fuel.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR10-2011-0140624 | 2011-12-22 | ||
| KR1020110140624A KR101322903B1 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2011-12-22 | Apparatus for manufacturing molten iron and method for manufacturing the same |
| PCT/KR2012/008251 WO2013094864A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2012-10-11 | Molten iron manufacturing apparatus and molten iron manufacturing method |
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| CN104024442A true CN104024442A (en) | 2014-09-03 |
| CN104024442B CN104024442B (en) | 2016-06-08 |
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| CN201280063743.2A Active CN104024442B (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2012-10-11 | Molten iron manufacturing equipment and process for producing molten iron |
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| KR (1) | KR101322903B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN104024442B (en) |
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| CN114250329A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2022-03-29 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Iron-making process with external convolution zone |
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| KR101709204B1 (en) * | 2015-08-12 | 2017-02-22 | 주식회사 포스코 | Method for manufacturing coal briquettes and dryer |
| CN109666771A (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2019-04-23 | 前海红波(深圳)科技有限公司 | Efficient total oxygen iron-smelting furnace |
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| CN104024442B (en) | 2016-06-08 |
| KR101322903B1 (en) | 2013-10-29 |
| WO2013094864A1 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
| KR20130072977A (en) | 2013-07-02 |
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