CN102220443A - Device and method for top gas enrichment utilization of blast furnace - Google Patents
Device and method for top gas enrichment utilization of blast furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN102220443A CN102220443A CN2011101536972A CN201110153697A CN102220443A CN 102220443 A CN102220443 A CN 102220443A CN 2011101536972 A CN2011101536972 A CN 2011101536972A CN 201110153697 A CN201110153697 A CN 201110153697A CN 102220443 A CN102220443 A CN 102220443A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and method for top gas enrichment utilization of a blast furnace, in particular to a device and method for using top gas in a blast furnace production process, belonging to the field of smelting pig iron with the blast furnace. The device is characterized in that: a tee joint is arranged on a pipeline between a gas purifying and de-dusting system and an excess pressure power generation device; a gas pressurization device, a gasification furnace and a gas back-eject hole which is formed on the blast furnace are connected through the pipeline and a valve to form one way of the tee joint; the gasification furnace is provided with an oxygen supply pipeline and a coal blending device; the enriched gas, after being pressurized, enters the gasification furnace and is subjected to gasification reaction with oxygen and powder coal in the pressurized gasification furnace; a reaction product is ejected into the blast furnace for smelting iron through the back-eject hole which is formed on the blast furnace; the excess pressure power generation device is respectively connected with a hot blast heater, a power plant boiler pipeline and a valve through a gas distributor to form another way of the tee joint; and the generated hot air is fed into the blast furnace through a nozzle. The device has the advantages of novel conception, simple process flow, easiness in implementation, safety and reliability in operation and capabilities of increasing the calorific value of gas, ejecting back to smelt iron, increasing the indirect reduction rate, reducing the coal ratio, reducing blast furnace slag and CO2 emission, regulating and controlling the width of a cohesive zone of the blast furnace, ensuring long-term smooth running of the blast furnace, avoiding diffusion of the top gas, saving energy and contributing to environment friendliness.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to smelting of cast iron by blast-furnace, relate in particular to stock gas using appts and method in the blast furnace production.
Background technology
Current blast-furnace smelting production is still topmost ironmaking mode.The blast furnace ironmaking energy consumption is very big, ironmaking coke ratio 300～500kg/tFe.In iron manufacturing process, produce the stock gas (being called for short coal gas down) of a large amount of high temperature, high pressure, dust-laden simultaneously, temperature 180-250 ℃, pressure 150-250kpa, dust-laden 15-20g/Nm
3Contain in the coal gas have an appointment 25% CO and 25% CO
2In order to improve rate of energy, reduce environmental pollution, the ironmaking engineers has been done a lot of useful work, and has obtained certain effect.Current, the top gas use device of employing, be by coal gas through gravitational dust collection and cyclone dust removal, through threeway with diffuse valve, gas purifier pipe connection, gas purifier purifies coal gas, diffuses valve and directly discharges coal gas; Excess pressure power generating device and gas cleaning device pipe connection utilize the pressure electricity-generating of coal gas; Excess pressure power generating device through threeway respectively with hotblast stove, power plant or other stove pipe connection, coal gas is as the fuel of hotblast stove, power plant or other stove.Its method is to collect stock gas by gas collector, sends into gas purifier and carries out udst separation, cooling, and temperature is reduced to 80 ℃, sends into excess pressure power generating device again, utilizes gas pressure to carry out top pressure power generation, and pressure becomes normal pressure; Send into hotblast stove, power plant or other stove at last, act as a fuel.Unnecessary and in particular cases at coal gas, coal gas directly discharges by diffusing valve, to guarantee the blast furnace stable smooth operation, safety in production.
The defective that exists is: caloric power of gas is low, must cooperate other fuel during use, and perhaps oxygen-enriched combusting just can be used for generating, baking metallurgical furnace kiln, recycles the cost height, and income is low; Blast furnace production fluctuation is big to coal gas composition and flow effect, influences the operation of coal gas use device; Coal gas often directly discharges by diffusing valve,, coal gas diffusion is many, and utilization ratio is low, also contaminate environment.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the defective that prior art exists, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of top gas enrichment use device and method, improve blast furnace gas calorific value, improve the indirect reduction rate, reduce blast furnace maximization STRENGTH ON COKE intensity and reactive harsh requirement, reduce blast furnace coke ratio, reduce the blast furnace quantity of slag and CO
2Quantity discharged, guarantee the blast furnace production safety, stably carry out.
Top gas enrichment use device, by the first dust-removal system of coal gas, the gas purification dust-removal system, excess pressure power generating device, hotblast stove and thermal power generation installation are through pipeline, valve connects and composes, be characterized in: on the pipeline between gas purification dust-removal system and the excess pressure power generating device threeway is set, one route coal gas pressurizing device, the coal gas that vapourizing furnace and blast furnace are established returns spray orifice through pipeline, valve connects, vapourizing furnace is provided with ventilation channel and coal blending device, enter the oxygen in vapourizing furnace and the pressurized-gasification furnace after the coal gas pressurization, coal dust carries out gasification reaction, and the spray orifice that returns that resultant of reaction is established by blast furnace sprays into blast furnace ironmaking; Another route excess pressure power generating device is connected with hotblast stove, boiler of power plant (or other stove) pipeline, valve respectively through gas distributor, utilize gas pressure to generate electricity, the generating back is as the fuel of combustion heat wind furnace, boiler of power plant and other stove, and the hot blast that hotblast stove produces is sent in the blast furnace by the air port.
The present invention further improves, and described coal gas just dust-removal system is made of gravitational precipitator+tornado dust collector, has increased tornado dust collector than traditional technology, carries out rough dusting to prevent the obstruction of transport pipe.
The present invention further improves, and described coal gas pressurizing device is made of the gas boosting pump, is connected with purifying dust-removing device, vapourizing furnace respectively by pipeline, valve, and blast furnace gas is increased to about 1MPa from low pressure, is beneficial to blast furnace gas and can enters vapourizing furnace.
The present invention further improves, and described vapourizing furnace is established the spout of oxygen spout and coal dust respectively, and with about 700 ℃ oxygen, the blast furnace gas after the pressurization, coal dust spray into vapourizing furnace by different spouts and gasify.
The present invention further improves, and described coal gas returns spray orifice and is located at bosh bottom, top, air port.Its reason is at first to have avoided the burning of this part coal gas in the air port; Secondly this portion gas can be accelerated heat exchange at the cohesive zone of bosh, can realize controlling the purpose of cohesive zone; The CO of final high temperature gas and H
2Increase helps improving the indirect reduction rate, absorbs heat, makes the high-temperature zone of blast furnace move down.
The top gas enrichment utilizes method, uses said apparatus and carries out according to the following steps:
1, the first dust-removal system of stock gas is by coal gas (180 ℃-250 ℃ of temperature, pressure 150-250 KPa, the dust-laden 15-20g/Nm of the discharge of blast furnace furnace roof
3) through gravitational dust collection and cyclone dust removal with big dust particle, most of dust is removed, so that the pipe-line transportation of coal gas reduces the obstruction of pressurizing point.
2, gas purification dust-removal system with dust-laden coal gas through Venturi meter or cloth bag purification dedusting, make gas temperature reduce to 80 ℃, pressure 120 Kpa, dustiness is reduced to the dust-laden requirement that meets top pressure power generation, to alleviate the damage to the overbottom pressure turbine generators, the subsequent user of the generator of being more convenient for is used;
3, spray is returned in the coal gas enrichment
A), pressurization is introduced the part of the coal gas of 150-250 KPa in the pressurizing device and is forced into 1Mpa;
B), the coal gas enrichment sprays into the blast furnace gas of 680-750 ℃ oxygen, pressurization and the coal dust spout by separately in the vapourizing furnace, carries out gasification reaction, reacts as follows:
(1) the complete decomposition reaction of fugitive constituent: CHxOy=(1-y) C+yCO+
H
2-17.4 kJ/mol
(2) part of fugitive constituent is separated reaction: CHxOy=(1-y-
) C+yCO+
H
2+
CH
4-8.1 kJ/mol
(3) Boudouard reaction: C+CO
2=2CO-162 kJ/mol
(4) water-gas reaction of C: C+H
2O=CO+H
2-119 kJ/mol
(5) perfect combustion of C reaction: C+O
2=CO
2+ 409 kJ/mol
(6) incomplete combustion of C reaction: 2C+O
2=2CO+123 kJ/mol
(7) methanation reaction of C: C+2H
2=CH
4+ 87 kJ/mol
(8) H
2Combustion reactions: 2H
2+ O
2=2H
2O+242 kJ/mol
(9) combustion reactions of CO: 2CO+O
2=2CO
2+ 283.2 kJ/mol
(10) reaction of CO and water: CO+H
2O=CO
2+ H
2+ 42 kJ/mol
(11) water-gas reaction of methane: CH
4+ H
2O=CO+3H
2-206 kJ/mol
In above-mentioned reaction, (1)-(4) and (11) are thermo-negative reaction, and institute's heat requirement is all come autoreaction (5)-(10).CO+H in the gasification reaction product
2Account for more than 70%, wherein H
2Account for 10-30%, gas temperature 850-900 ℃, pressure is adjusted by valve.
C), enrichment gas returns the coal gas of spray after the enrichment and sprays in the blast-furnace bosh by returning spray orifice, can avoid the powerful oxidation character atmosphere of circling round and distinguish in the air port, simultaneously, feed hydrogen-rich high-temperature reductibility gas at the cohesive zone bottom and can improve the indirect reduction rate significantly, theoretical investigation shows that improving indirect reduction helps energy Conservation of Blast Furnace, can reduce a ton iron energy consumption, reduce CO
2Discharging, this gas can be adjusted the cohesive zone width at the mobile of cohesive zone and indirect reduction reaction simultaneously, change blast furnace internal temperature field, rational thinning and cohesive zone width, in the blast furnace central zone, the cohesive zone broad, corresponding high-temperature zone is wide, the indirect reduction reaction takes place more, and it is more to absorb heat, and the amplitude of attenuate is bigger; At the blast furnace edge, cohesive zone is thinner, by adjusting pressure and flow, it is less to absorb heat, and the amplitude of attenuate is less, so this gas feeds the reasonably width of thinning and cohesive zone of mode, the fluctuation of effectively avoiding the variation because of the crude fuel condition that conditions of blast furnace is caused guarantees the long-term direct motion of blast furnace.
4, another part blast furnace gas after top pressure power generation purifies is through the generating of overbottom pressure turbine generator, and gas pressure drops to normal pressure gas.
5, be used as the fuel normal pressure gas directly as the fuel of hotblast stove and power plant or other stove, the hot blast (air) that hotblast stove generates is sent in the blast furnace by the air port.Need not add other fuel, reduce the investment and the maintenance cost of equipment component, be convenient to the operation of hotblast stove and boiler of power plant.
Compared with prior art, advantage is: novel, technical process is simple, implements easily, and operational safety is reliable; Caloric power of gas improves, and returns spray ironmaking, improves reduction ratio, reduces coke ratio, reduces the blast furnace quantity of slag and CO
2Discharging, regulation and control blast furnace melting with soft width ensures the long-term direct motion of blast furnace, avoids coal to diffuse, save energy helps environment protection.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described for the contrast accompanying drawing below.
Fig. 1 is a top gas enrichment use device synoptic diagram.
Embodiment
Top gas enrichment use device as seen from Figure 1, its coal gas just dust-removal system 2, gas purification dust-removal system 3, overbottom pressure turbine generator 7 connect through pipeline, valve, and the pipeline between gas purification dedusting and the excess pressure power generating device is established threeway 4.One the tunnel is connected with pressurizing device 5, vapourizing furnace 6, and vapourizing furnace is established oxygen spout and coal dust spout (among the figure all mark), is connected with coal blending powder device 10, apparatus of oxygen supply 11 pipelines, valve; Blast-furnace bosh bottom, 14 tops, air port are established coal gas and are returned spray orifice 13, and vapourizing furnace returns the spray orifice pipeline with coal gas, valve is connected, and the coal gas after the enrichment sprays in the blast furnace 1 by returning spray orifice; Another road is connected with the overbottom pressure turbine generator, overbottom pressure turbine generator 7 and boiler of power plant 9(or other stove), establish gas distributor 8 between the hotblast stove 12, and connect with pipeline, valve, become normal pressure after the coal gas top pressure power generation, by pipeline deliver to hotblast stove, firepower electrical plant acts as a fuel.The hot blast that hotblast stove generates is gone in the blast furnace by air port 14.
The present invention is at 2500m
3The coal gas enrichment utilizes method as follows in the blast furnace ironmaking process:
1, gas collector is collected stock gas, 200 ℃ of temperature, and pressure 210 kPa, coal gas contains N
248.5%, CO
224.25%, CO 24.25%, H
2O 3%, dust-laden 15-20g/Nm
3
2, gas purifier dedusting, cooling, according to the dedusting method difference, gas temperature is reduced to 80-150 ℃, pressure 120-200 kPa;
3, spray is returned in the coal gas enrichment
A), 46Nm is drawn in pressurization
3The coal gas that/tFe purifies enters in the pressurizing device, and pressure increases to 1 MPa;
B), spray into coal dust and 32 Nm of 53Kg/tFe in the coal gas enrichment vapourizing furnace
3The oxygen of/tFe makes 900 ℃ enrichment coal gas, its gas ingredients (per-cent % by volume) CO 50.91%, H
220.85%, N
213.24%, other are 15% years old.
C), enrichment gas returns spray enrichment gas sprayed in the blast furnace by returning spray orifice, sprays into 150 Nm
3/ tFe can reduce coke ratio 50 Kg/tFe.
4, all the other purification coal gas generate electricity through excess pressure power generating device, reduce to normal pressure gas.
5, be delivered to hotblast stove, firepower electrical plant boiler and stove thereof as the fuel normal pressure gas through gas distributor, as fuel, the hot blast that hotblast stove produces is sent in the blast furnace by the air port.
Claims (6)
1. top gas enrichment use device, by the first dust-removal system (2) of coal gas, gas purification dust-removal system (3), overbottom pressure turbine generator (7), hotblast stove (12) and thermal power generation installation (9) are through pipeline, valve connects and composes, it is characterized in that on the pipeline between gas purification dust-removal system (3) and the excess pressure power generating device (7) threeway (4) being set, one route coal gas pressurizing device (5), the coal gas that vapourizing furnace (6) and blast furnace (1) are established returns spray orifice (13) through pipeline, valve connects, and vapourizing furnace is provided with ventilation channel (11) and coal blending device (10); Another route excess pressure power generating device (7) is connected with hotblast stove (12), boiler of power plant (9) and other stove cellar for storing things pipeline, valve respectively through gas distributor (8).
2. top gas enrichment use device according to claim 1 is characterized in that the first dust-removal system (2) of described coal gas is made of gravitational precipitator and tornado dust collector pipe connection.
3. top gas enrichment use device according to claim 1 is characterized in that described coal gas pressurizing device is made of the gas boosting pump.
4. top gas enrichment use device according to claim 1 is characterized in that described vapourizing furnace (6) establishes the spout of oxygen spout and coal dust respectively.
5. top gas enrichment use device according to claim 1 is characterized in that described coal gas returns spray orifice (13) and is located at bosh bottom, air port (14) top.
6. top gas enrichment according to claim 1 utilizes method, uses said apparatus and carries out according to the following steps:
1), coal gas dedusting just by coal gas just dust-removal system (2) tentatively the macrobead in the coal gas is removed, make 180 ℃-250 ℃ of gas temperatures, pressure 150-250 KPa, dust-laden is by 15-20g/Nm
3Drop to＜10 g/Nm
3, so that coal gas can blockage phenomenon in the subsequent delivery pipeline.
2), gas purification, cooling gas purification dust-removal system (3) dedusting, temperature is reduced to 80 ℃, pressure 120 KPa;
3), spray is returned in the coal gas enrichment
A), pressurization is introduced the part of the coal gas of 150-250 KPa in the pressurizing device (4) and is forced into 1Mpa;
B), the coal gas enrichment sprays into 680-750 ℃ oxygen, the blast furnace gas and the coal dust of pressurization in the stove by the spout of establishing on the vapourizing furnace (6) separately, carries out gasification reaction, CO+H in the gasification reaction product
2Account for more than 70%, wherein H
2Account for 10-30%, 850-900 ℃ of gas temperatures, pressure is adjusted by valve;
C), enrichment gas returns the coal gas of spray after the enrichment and sprays in the blast-furnace bosh by returning spray orifice (13);
4), another part blast furnace gas of top pressure power generation after purifying be through overbottom pressure turbine generator (7) generating, gas pressure drops to normal pressure gas;
5), as the fuel normal pressure gas directly as the fuel gas of hotblast stove (12) and boiler of power plant (9) (or other stove), the hot blast of hotblast stove generation is sent in the blast furnace by the air port.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011101536972A CN102220443A (en) | 2011-06-09 | 2011-06-09 | Device and method for top gas enrichment utilization of blast furnace |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011101536972A CN102220443A (en) | 2011-06-09 | 2011-06-09 | Device and method for top gas enrichment utilization of blast furnace |
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