CN101519703A - Low-coke-ratio blast furnace ironmaking technique - Google Patents
Low-coke-ratio blast furnace ironmaking technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN101519703A CN101519703A CN200810033923A CN200810033923A CN101519703A CN 101519703 A CN101519703 A CN 101519703A CN 200810033923 A CN200810033923 A CN 200810033923A CN 200810033923 A CN200810033923 A CN 200810033923A CN 101519703 A CN101519703 A CN 101519703A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a low-coke-ratio blast furnace ironmaking technique. Dry coal powder is pressurized and gasified in a separate gasification furnace, the dry coal powder is injected into the gasification furnace to be sufficiently mixed with pure oxygen, burnt and gasified to produce high-temperature coal gas, the pressure in the gasification furnace is 0.3MPa to 0.6MPa, and the temperature of the coal gas at the outlet is 1300 DEG C to 1550 DEG C; the coal gas at the outlet of the gasification furnace is mixed with the purified cold coal gas at the blast furnace top, and the temperature is controlled at 900 DEG C to 1050 DEG C; the high-temperature high-reducibility hot coal gas is then injected into the lower part of the body of the blast furnace, that is, the area above the root of a cohesive zone, so that the metallization ratio of charging can reach 85 percent to 95 percent when reaching the cohesive zone; and part of the coal powder is injected from the tuyere of the blast furnace to be subjected to pure oxygen combustion. The invention, which is a novel blast furnace ironmaking technique taking dead coal and oxygen as main energy sources, can reduce the coke ratio of the blast furnace to be less than 200kg, greatly increase the productivity of the blast furnace and reduce the emission of coke-making pollutant, thus enhancing the competitiveness of the blast furnace ironmaking technique.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of iron-smelting process, particularly a kind of energy saving and environment friendly low-coke-ratio blast furnace ironmaking technique.
Background technology
In recent years, world steel industry has obtained developing swift and violently, has also obtained huge development by ore to the METAL EXTRACTION process of the pig iron.But just produce the iron-smelting process of steelmaking feed, blast furnace remains the main flow process that has comparative advantage.
If from using coke to count, modern iron-smelting blast furnace has the history in more than 300 year.Blast furnace is a main raw material with coke and people's agglomeration iron ore mainly, and portion is the very high high temperature heterophase reactor of efficient by physical and chemical process smelting molten irons such as fuel combustion, gasification, heat transfer, reduction, fusing, separation within it.Modern large blast furnace Technical facilities in production is constantly perfect, by taking means such as fine fodder, oxygen enriched blast, pulverized coal injection, makes blast furnace realize maximization and high yield and low cost.But the high-level efficiency of blast furnace and maximization have proposed stricter requirement to ore and coke quality (the especially intensity of coke), and the ratio of putting coke into furnace of the most of blast furnaces in the whole world still is higher than 400kg/t iron.
For addressing the above problem, carried out a large amount of non-blast furnace ironmaking Study on Technology in the world, and obtained certain progress.At the melting and reducing technical elements, COREX technology has realized industrialization, and this technology has not only significantly reduced the consumption of coke, has competitive edge at aspects such as resource and environmental protection; Among another kind of smelting reduction process HISMELT is also developing and reach pilot scale; Some other smelting reduction process is also among exploitation, but its prospect of applying and uncertain.
Aspect direct reduction, and the gas-based shaft kiln method (Midrex, HYL) method occupies absolute predominance, but they all need adopt the Sweet natural gas of reformation as the reducing gas raw material, and therefore can only be in the abundant and cheap regional development of natural gas source.Dominant in the world at present coal-based direct reduction method is a kiln process, and the major advantage of this method is directly to make fuel and reductive agent with coal, and its shortcoming is the specific investment height, low (the volumetric efficiency 0.42t/m of productivity
3D) single furnace output low (being 150,000 t/a to the maximum), production cost height, so slower development, whole world coal-based rotary kiln 3,000,000 t/a throughput only up till now, China's exploitation that begins one's study from the seventies, China only builds up 4 covers so far, forms more than 40 ten thousand t/a throughput.The production of whole world direct-reduced iron in 2005 reaches the fifty-five million ton, only account for iron ultimate production 8%.
Existing direct-reduced iron technology has the imagination that is applied to in original blast furnace technology, is that reducing gas and oxygen are sprayed into blast-furnace tuyere incendiary equipment simultaneously as the disclosed technology of U.S. Pat 3692293 " blast furnace high-temperature reductibility coal gas blowing device "; The disclosed technology of European patent GB1277606 " technology of blast furnace blowing reducing gas " and French Patent FR2553434 " blast furnace blowing reducing gas technology " all is that reducing gas is sprayed in the blast furnace stack bottom after heating again, and its type of heating can be subjected to the restriction that coal gas is analysed the charcoal reaction; Similarly, the disclosed technology of U.S. Pat 6464928 " the blast furnace gas recycle system " is that blast furnace gas is removed CO
2After again through jetting again and be in after the heating to State of Blast Furnace, the coal gas source of these imaginations or coal gas type of heating and the present invention are all inequality.
From present iron-smelting raw material resource situation and technical development, though the non-blast furnace ironmaking technical research is being carried out in high gear, but since blast furnace technology to have economic target good, technology is simple, single furnace output is big, the labour productivity height, the thermo-efficiency height, low power consumption and other advantages is in foreseeable future, be the main flow process that the blast furnace of main fuel is still ironmaking with the coke, further improve the production efficiency of blast furnace and save coke and cleaner production is still the main direction that we make great efforts.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to be to propose a kind of low-coke-ratio blast furnace ironmaking technique, with non-coking coal and oxygen is the novel blast-furnace iron-smelting process of main energy sources, reduce coke ratio significantly, used for reference the advantage of shaft furnace process production sponge iron direct reduction technology, thereby given full play to the high and high advantage of productivity of blast furnace capacity usage ratio, overcome blast furnace top furnace charge degree of metalization shortcoming on the low side, make the major function of bottom house become the fusing and the part heat supply of prereduced burden, the blast furnace iron coke per ton ratio is reduced to below the 200kg, the productivity of blast furnace will be increased substantially, reduce the pollutant discharge amount of coking, improved the competitive power of blast furnace iron-making process.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is,
A kind of low-coke-ratio blast furnace ironmaking technique, dried coal powder is carried out pressurized gasification in isolating vapourizing furnace, the dry coal powder sprays in the vapourizing furnace with the pure oxygen thorough mixing and burns and gasification reaction, produces coal gas of high temperature, vapourizing furnace pressure is 0.3～0.6MPa, 1300～1550 ℃ of temperatures of exit gas; Vapourizing furnace outlet coal gas through with purify after mixed the converting of blast furnace furnace roof cooled coal gas after, temperature is controlled at 900～1050 ℃; Then the heating gas with the high reductibility of this high temperature spray into the blast furnace stack bottom, zone more than the cohesive zone root, blast furnace burden is metallized when arriving cohesive zone, degree of metalization reaches 85-95%; Simultaneously, blast furnace adopts total oxygen tuyere injection part coal dust.
Further, described cooled coal gas is that top gas removes CO through purification
2Form.
Again, coal dust of the present invention can adopt CO
2As delivery medium, perhaps adopt N
2As delivery medium.
In addition, vapourizing furnace outlet coal gas through purify cooled coal gas mix convert after, after hot tornado dust collector dedusting, a plurality of nozzles on the heating gas bustle pipe through blast furnace outside spray into the blast furnace stack bottom, i.e. the above regional lump zone of blast furnace melting with soft root.
The present invention proposes non-coking coal dry coal powder gasification technology is used for blast furnace ironmaking, and the fuel structure of corresponding change blast furnace iron-making process, it is a kind of efficient and environment-friendly type ironmaking new technology, the coal gas of high temperature that powder coal gasification furnace produces is after converting with the purification cooled coal gas of blast furnace output is mixed, gas temperature reaches 950～1050 ℃ through hot cyclone dust removal, wherein purifies cooled coal gas and removes CO by the part top gas
2The back produces.This coal gas of high temperature is sprayed into blast furnace from cohesive zone top, blast furnace stack bottom.Blast-furnace tuyere adopts total oxygen coal powder injection operation simultaneously, and the fusing that bottom house is mainly finished furnace charge separates with slag iron.
The gas heat that process makes full use coal gasification of the present invention produces, saved the power loss of coal gas cooling heating, avoided coal gas to add sweat charcoal reaction fault, improved the degree of metalization of the above furnace charge of blast furnace melting with soft, thereby reduce blast furnace coke ratio significantly and improved productivity.
Coal dust, pure oxygen spray in the vapourizing furnace, and through the thorough mixing process and burn and gasification reaction, its main chemical reactions is as follows:
C+O
2＝CO
2
CO
2+C＝2CO
Following reaction also takes place in a little moisture in the coal dust:
H
2O+C=H
2+ CO coal dust can adopt CO
2As delivery medium,, can further improve effective pneumatolytic branch owing to itself be vaporized chemical.Also can adopt N
2As delivery medium, effectively pneumatolytic will increase small amount of N in dividing
2Composition.
Because existing blast furnace top pressure is 0.2～0.3MPa, consider being connected of coal gasifier and blast furnace, vapourizing furnace pressure is 0.3～0.6MPa, about 1300～1550 ℃ of the gas temperature that coal gasifier exports.
The present invention has changed powder coal gasification furnace with the traditional using method of hot synthesis gas Quench to room temperature purification back reheat, adjust the temperature to 900～1050 ℃ and heating gas mixed through cooled coal gas after converting Quench, not only significantly reduce refrigerative coal gas thermosteresis and be heated the required fuel consumption of high temperature again, and the generation of having avoided reducing gas in heat-processed, to analyse the carbon process.By adopting the total oxygen blast furnace, strengthened the especially heat supply of crucible zone of bottom house, having reduced a nitrogen content in the coal gas increases substantially its calorific value, simultaneously by air port appropriateness Coal powder spray, can further reduce the coke consumption of blast furnace, make the interior coke of blast furnace only bear ventilative skeleton and coke bed filteration, the blast furnace feeding coke ratio can be reduced to below the 200kg.Because bottom house mainly plays the fusing effect of prereduced burden, the capacity factor of a blast furnace is improved, thereby make the productivity ratio tradition blast furnace of blast furnace improve 20～50%.Owing to adopt total oxygen to smelt, blast furnace output caloric power of gas will be far above traditional blast furnace gas, except that self recycles, but a part also cascade utilization make in the fuel of generating or Steel Plant's internally heated oven, baking ladle, iron alloy etc.
Beneficial effect of the present invention
1. owing to need not hotblast stove, coke ratio can be lower than 200kg/t, the investment that can save coke oven and coking discharge amount of pollution; Simultaneously, because a large amount of non-coking fine coal that uses cheapness can make the blast furnace production cost further reduce.
2. blast furnace adopts the total oxygen melting, but the strengthening smelting process boost productivity, also help the purification and the recycle of coal gas, simultaneously the high-quality coal gas of exportable high heating value also.
3. owing to spray into coal gas of high temperature from restoration of lower stack, degree of metalization when making furnace charge arrive cohesive zone reaches 85-95%, be higher than ordinary blast, thereby can have alleviated bottom house coal, coke gasification and direct reductive burden greatly, this is the essential condition that guarantees low ratio of putting coke into furnace.
4. adopt appropriate coal injection of draught under the pure oxygen condition, not only can regulate the especially heat balance of cupola well of bottom house, and will further reduce a ton ferrocoke consumption, coke mainly born improve the shaft ventilation property, formed the effect of dead stock column of cupola well and coke beds, coke ratio is reduced to below the 200kg/t.
5. the technology of the present invention has absorbed the advantage of shaft kiln directly reduced production sponge iron, has utilized the high advantage of high furnace thermal efficiency and productivity simultaneously, makes the comparable traditional blast furnace of productivity of this technology improve 10～50%, is reducing coke ratio and CO
2Aspects such as reduction of discharging have tangible environmental benefit.
6. adopt non-coking coal powder gasification technology, the coal gas of high temperature attemperation at 900～1050 ℃, can directly be utilized the physics heat of coal gas, not only reduced the fuel consumption of coal gas heating, and avoided the generation of analysing carbon fault of coal gas in heat-processed.
7. technology of the present invention can be reduced to the coke ratio of blast furnace ironmaking the level of the required coke of COREX technology, and can adopt non-coking fine coal gas making to replace major part to go into oven coke carbon, has huge comprehensive benefit after using on the existing blast furnace.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the general flow chart of efficient and environment-friendly type blast furnace iron-making process of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an efficient and environment-friendly type blast furnace iron-making process schema of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
The dry coal powder sprays in the powder coal gasification furnace 1 with the pure oxygen thorough mixing that is generated by oxygenerator 5 and burns and gasification reaction, produces coal gas of high temperature, and vapourizing furnace 1 pressure is 0.4MPa, 1350 ℃ of temperatures of exit gas; After mixed the converting of purification cooled coal gas of vapourizing furnace 1 outlet coal gas through coming with furnace roof, the gas temperature that enters blast furnace is controlled at 900～1050 ℃;
Described cooled coal gas is that blast furnace 2 coal gas remove CO through purification
2Unit 3 removes CO
2Form, and send into vapourizing furnace 1 by compressor 9;
Vapourizing furnace 1 outlet coal gas is after converting with the purification cooled coal gas is mixed, after hot tornado dust collector 6 dedustings, a plurality of nozzles on the heating gas bustle pipe 7 of the heating gas of the high reductibility of this high temperature outside blast furnace 2 spray into, and blast furnace 2 restoration of lower stack are the lump zone above the cohesive zone root; Make blast furnace burden degree of metalization when arriving cohesive zone reach 85-95%; Pure oxygen blast furnace 2 adopts total oxygen tuyere injection coal dust 8.
Coal dust of the present invention can adopt CO
2As delivery medium, perhaps adopt N
2As delivery medium.
The present invention mixes heating gas to adjust the temperature to 900～1050 ℃ after converting through purifying cooled coal gas, has not only significantly reduced the thermosteresis of cooling and cooled coal gas reheat to the required fuel consumption of high temperature, and the generation of having avoided reducing gas to analyse the carbon fault in heat-processed.By adopting total oxygen tuyere injection coal dust, strengthened the especially heat supply of crucible zone of bottom house, by regulating the coal injection of draught amount, can further reduce the coke consumption of blast furnace simultaneously, blast furnace coke ratio can be reduced to below the 200kg.Because bottom house mainly plays the furnace charge fusing, make the productivity ratio tradition blast furnace of blast furnace improve 10～50%.Owing to adopt total oxygen to smelt, blast furnace output caloric power of gas will be far above traditional blast furnace gas, but cascade utilization is done in generating or done the fuel of Steel Plant's internally heated oven, baking ladle, iron alloy etc.
Embodiment 1:
Certain 2500m
3The efficient and environment-friendly type blast furnace of blast furnace and the combination of 2050t/d dry coal dust gasification furnace, single stove gas production rate of this dry coal dust gasification furnace is 164000m
3/ h, coal dust gasification oxygen consuming amount are 47400m
3/ h, the coke ratio of blast furnace are 200kg/t, and tuyere injection coal dust amount is 100kg/t, and the blowing oxygen quantity in air port is 22000m
3/ h, it is 180000m that circulation is used for the purification top gas amount that Quench generation coal gas is blended into
3/ h, the utilization coefficient of blast furnace are 3.0t/m
3.d, every day, blast furnace product iron amount was 7500t, and being blown into shaft coal gas amount is 1323m3/t iron.
The burden structure of blast furnace is an agglomerate 80%, pellet 10%, and smart lump ore 10%, on average going into stove iron grade is 60%, and the slag dual alkalinity is 1.15, and adopting granularity is the secondary metallurgical of 30-50mm.
The composition of tuyere injection and coal for gasification
Hot metal composition Wt%
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Fe |
| 4.3 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.03 | 0.06 | Surplus |
Embodiment 2:
Certain 1250m
3The efficient and environment-friendly type blast furnace of blast furnace and the combination of 1050t/d dry coal dust gasification furnace, single stove gas production rate of this dry coal dust gasification furnace is 84000m
3/ h, coal dust gasification oxygen consuming amount are 24400m
3/ h, the coke ratio of blast furnace are 190kg/t, and tuyere injection coal dust amount is 100kg/t,, the air port blowing oxygen quantity is 11000m
3/ h, it is 95000m that circulation is used for the purification top gas amount that Quench generation coal gas is blended into
3/ h, the utilization coefficient of blast furnace are 3.4t/m
3.d., every day, blast furnace product iron reached 4250t, and being blown into shaft coal gas amount is 1322m
3/ t iron.
The burden structure of blast furnace is an agglomerate 80%, pellet 10%, and smart lump ore 10%, on average going into stove iron grade is 60%, and the slag dual alkalinity is 1.20, and adopting granularity is the secondary metallurgical of 30-50mm.
The composition of tuyere injection and coal for gasification
Hot metal composition Wt%
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Fe |
| 4.4 | 0.45 | 0.3 | 0.03 | 0.05 | Surplus |
In sum, the coal gas of the present invention after with non-coke powder coal pressure gasification directly applies to modern blast furnace ironmaking, decrease ton iron ratio of putting coke into furnace, used for reference the technological merit of shaft furnace production sponge iron, given full play to the advantage of blast furnace capacity usage ratio height and high productivity, overcome the low high shortcoming of ratio of putting coke into furnace of upper blast furnace furnace charge degree of metalization, make the major function of bottom house become the fusing of metallized charge, the blast furnace iron coke per ton ratio is reduced to below the 200kg, the productivity ratio of blast furnace is increased substantially, reduce the pollutant discharge amount of coking, improved the competitiveness of blast furnace iron-making process.
Claims (4)
1. low-coke-ratio blast furnace ironmaking technique, the non-coking coal dried coal powder is carried out pressurized gasification in isolating vapourizing furnace, the dry coal powder sprays in the vapourizing furnace with the pure oxygen thorough mixing and burns and gasification reaction, produce coal gas of high temperature, vapourizing furnace pressure is 0.3～0.6MPa, 1300～1550 ℃ of temperatures of exit gas; Vapourizing furnace outlet coal gas through with purify after mixed the converting of blast furnace furnace roof cooled coal gas after, temperature is controlled at 900～1050 ℃; Then the heating gas with the high reductibility of this high temperature spray into the blast furnace stack bottom, zone more than the cohesive zone root, blast furnace burden is metallized when arriving cohesive zone, degree of metalization reaches 85-95%; Simultaneously, blast furnace adopts total oxygen tuyere injection part coal dust.
2. low-coke-ratio blast furnace ironmaking technique as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described cooled coal gas is that top gas removes CO through purification
2Form.
3. low-coke-ratio blast furnace ironmaking technique as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that coal dust can adopt CO
2As delivery medium, perhaps adopt N
2As delivery medium.
4. low-coke-ratio blast furnace ironmaking technique as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, vapourizing furnace outlet coal gas through purify cooled coal gas mix convert after, after hot tornado dust collector dedusting, it is lump zone regional more than the cohesive zone root that a plurality of nozzles on the heating gas bustle pipe through blast furnace outside spray into the blast furnace stack bottom.
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