CN101736103B - Iron manufacture technology - Google Patents
Iron manufacture technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN101736103B CN101736103B CN2008102329944A CN200810232994A CN101736103B CN 101736103 B CN101736103 B CN 101736103B CN 2008102329944 A CN2008102329944 A CN 2008102329944A CN 200810232994 A CN200810232994 A CN 200810232994A CN 101736103 B CN101736103 B CN 101736103B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy and relates to an Iron manufacture technology. In the technology, in addition to a blast furnace type reduction gasification furnace, a direct reduction furnace is provided; iron content furnace burden is mixed ore of ordinary ore fines/lump ores/balling and is produced into thermal state direct reduction iron by the direct reduction furnace for directly reducing iron; coke and the thermal state direct reduction iron is added to the blast furnace from the top of the reduction gasification furnace; oxygen and pulverized coal are sprayed into the blast furnace type reduction gasification furnace through an oxygen air inlet for producing high quality hot iron, water granulated slag and high quality coal gas. The products obtained from the technology are high quality hot iron, water granulated slag and high quality coal gas. The SDORBF iron manufacture technology features no discharge of dust, waste liquor and waste gas. With the technology of the invention adopted, only a small amount of coke and oxygen are needed; as a result, coke usage amount and molten iron cost can be greatly reduced. The technology is also widely used for producing hot iron.
Description
Technical field
The present invention belongs to metallurgical class technical field, relates to a kind of iron-smelting process.
background technology
No matter the main body blast furnace process ironmaking of modern ironmaking develops into the period of great prosperity from theory and technology, has reached very perfect degree.But blast furnace process exists and must use the shortcomings such as coke, long flow path, investment is large, environmental pollution is serious.
AND ENERGY RESOURCES CONSUMPTION IN CHINA be take coal as main, roughly accounts for 70% of total energy consumption.Coal resources very abundant though (the explored amount of adopting reaches more than 6,000 hundred million tons), coking coal only accounts for 6%, and skewness (Shanxi Province's coking coal resource accounts for more than 50%).Therefore, the development of China's ironmaking production is based upon on the basis of a large amount of consumption coking coal fully, is obviously unpractical.The shortage of coking coal and the people raising to environmental requirement, force people to carry out the research of ironmaking novel process.For blast furnace process, due to the development of coal powder injection technology, particularly oxygen enrichment (or total oxygen) big coal injection technology, (coke ratio drops to below 300kg/t will to make the blast furnace coke ratio decrease, more than the coal ratio is sprayed onto 200kg/t), thus new vitality injected to blast furnace process.But, if further reduce coke ratio, as coke ratio drops to below 200kg/t, more than the coal ratio is sprayed onto 300kg/t.Its difficulty has just displayed: it 1 is that the furnace heat performance is not enough; It 2 is coal-fired increasing in stove.Thereby cause the blast furnace operating difficulty.
If adopt the high effect cleaning coal gasifier to be connected technique with the direct-reduction shaft furnace, form a kind of fine coal with non-coking coal and produce sponge iron.Sponge iron is as the raw material of electric furnace production high-quality steel.This technique is feasible, but exists following shortcoming: 1. sponge iron is solid-state, as the raw material of electric furnace production high-quality steel.Therefore the iron-containing charge of producing sponge iron must be lump ore or the pelletizing of high-quality, and the lump ore of high-quality or pelletizing are difficult to obtain at home.2. the high temperature reduction gas that coal gasifier (as shell technique) produces (1200-1700 ℃, dust-laden, containing H2S) can not be directly used in the direct-reduction shaft furnace, must cooling, just can deliver to the use of direct-reduction shaft furnace after dedusting, desulfurization.3. the coal gas treatment process that the high temperature reduction gas that coal gasifier (as shell technique) produces is processed into the qualified reducing gas that meets the requirement of direct-reduction shaft furnace process is extremely complicated, and costly.
Smelting reduction technology is one of several forward position new and high technologies of Iron And Steel Industry, is a kind of novel process of with coal and ore deposit, producing heating molten steel.Due to characteristics such as this method uses no or little coke, environment protection is good, energy consumption is low, reduced investment, strong adaptability, thereby receive the concern of countries in the world.According to statistics, smelting reduction process is existing 35 kinds more than so far, and have 13 kinds of Competitive Value are wherein arranged.Only there are a few smelting reduction process such as COREX, FINEX, FINMET and HIsmelt to possess commercial production scale is arranged.But up to the present, only having COREX and FINEX iron smelting method is to have dropped into industrial-scale production.It is iron-containing charge that the ironmaking of COREX method adopts lump ore, pelletizing or agglomerate, directly with lump coal, makes the energy.The prereduction of ferriferous oxide and whole reduction are to carry out in reduction shaft furnace and melting gasification furnace at two reaction units respectively.Melting gasification furnace in the COREX device has carried one so-called " coke-oven plant ", it is the coking process that a coal is arranged in melting gasification furnace, thereby can in stove, form a so-called coke bed, just because of this coke layer is arranged, could improve molten iron temperature and hot metal composition is controlled, producing the molten iron that is similar to blast furnace.The COREX device exists the shortcoming that must use lump ore, lump coal and huge structure.FINEX is a kind of new reducing process that dissolves, and this technique is used non-coking coal to produce containing fine iron ore the heating molten steel that similar blast furnace or COREX stove are produced for the energy and reductive agent melting.FINEX technique is to grow up on the basis of COREX technique.This technique is divided into two parts, at first adopt thermopnore that breeze is reduced into to direct-reduced iron, then utilize the melting gasification furnace of COREX stove by solid-state sponge iron fusing, drastic reduction, temperature raising, adjustment molten iron composition, the final high-quality molten iron that obtains, the while can also obtain the high-quality reducing gas of optimal temperature and Chemical Composition.
FINEX technique also exists following shortcoming:
A FINEX raw materials technology is for containing fine iron ore (the sintering ferric charge of 8mm), and the powdery sponge iron of FINEX thermopnore production needs just can add the COREX vapourizing furnace after briquetting.
B FINEX technique still will be used lump coal or fine coal briquetting.
summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of iron-smelting process.Another configuration direct-reduction stove outside the reduction and gaseous stove of blast furnace type; The mixing ore deposit that iron-containing charge is common fine ore/lump ore/pelletizing, be produced into hot direct reduced iron by the direct-reduction stove; Coke, hot direct reduced iron add from the reduction and gaseous furnace roof of blast furnace type section; Oxygen and coal dust spray into from the reduction and gaseous stove oxygen wind gap of blast furnace type, production high-quality heating molten steel, grain slag and high-quality coal gas.The present invention can be without sintering, only use a small amount of coke and oxygen.Thereby reduce significantly coke usage quantity and molten iron cost.
The present invention creates out a kind of brand-new technique rich-oxygen of blast furnace (or total oxygen) big coal injection technique, smelting reduction process, coal gasifier are connected the basis of technique with the direct-reduction shaft furnace on, i.e. a kind of novel non-blast furnace ironmaking technique---SDORBF iron-smelting process.
The SDORBF iron-smelting process is divided into two portions and forms: the reduction and gaseous stove of blast furnace type and direct-reduction stove.
The high-quality reducing gas that the direct-reduction stove utilizes the reduction and gaseous stove of blast furnace type to provide, by the mixing ore deposit of the common fine ore/lump ore of iron-containing charge/pelletizing, be produced into hot direct reduced iron or hot wafering sponge iron.
The function of the reduction and gaseous stove of blast furnace type is that the slag iron that hot direct reduced iron to adding or hot wafering carry out whole reduction, heating and fusing, fusing is stored in cupola well, realized that slag iron separates and adjusts hot metal composition, regularly discharges molten iron and slag.In the process that coke descends in stove, by the high temperature reduction heated by gas, (～1800 ℃, red-hot coke.) to float over liquid slag untouchable upper, forms red-hot dynamic coke bed.Red-hot coke bed plays to the molten iron by bed and slag temperature raising, to effects such as molten iron carburizings.Another function of the reduction and gaseous stove of blast furnace type is to provide the high-quality reducing gas for the direct-reduction stove.
The reduction and gaseous stove of blast furnace type is different from the vapourizing furnace of COREX and FINEX fully.The lump coal that vapourizing furnace in COREX and FINEX device adds from top or moulded coal have the coking process of a coal, and the tar that coal produces in gasification etc. must be burnt carrying out smoothly of guarantee technique.The top of gasification furnace of dimension COREX and FINEX must adopt large ball collar roof construction, but also the vapourizing furnace outlet reducing gas temperature of need maintenance COREX and FINEX >=1050 ℃.Must cool to～850 ℃ of ability of reducing gas temperature are for the direct-reduction stove.Thereby the gasification furnace structure that causes COREX and FINEX is huge and energy consumption is high.The reduction and gaseous stove of blast furnace type adds coke from top, there is no gasification and the coking process of lump coal or moulded coal, and top is unnecessary is designed to large ball collar roof construction, also needn't keep vapourizing furnace outlet reducing gas temperature >=1050 ℃.
The reduction and gaseous stove type of furnace of blast furnace type adopts and is similar to blast furnace design.But the stock gas of output is high temperature reduction gas, and the reducing gas temperature is adjustable.The reduction and gaseous stove of blast furnace type is exported the reducing gas of～850 ℃, directly enters the direct-reduction stove of SDORBF after hot cyclone dust removal, and the dust that tornado dust collector are collected sprays into from the reduction and gaseous stove oxygen wind gap of blast furnace type through the dust injection system.The direct-reduction furnace roof section output high-quality coal gas of SDORBF.
The stock gas cleaning adopts dry method dust.Gas ash and this technique are respectively produced the dust that dirt pits is collected, and through the dust injection system, spray into blast furnace.
The product of SDORBF iron-smelting process output is: high-quality heating molten steel, grain slag, high-quality coal gas.
The SDORBF iron-smelting process is without dust, without waste liquid, non-exhaust emission.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing is schema of the present invention
Wherein, part 1 is the reduction and gaseous stove of blast furnace type, part 2 is the thermopnore reduction furnace, part 3 is the hot wafering system, part 4 is heat-resisting belt, part 5 is the coke load facility, part 6 is the reducing gas gas pipe, part 7 is hot tornado dust collector, part 8 stock gas nonaqueous dust cleaners, part 9 is TRT, part 10 dust collection tanks, part 11 is dust winding-up tank, part 12 is the coke feeder system, part 13 is the lump stone feeder system, part 14 is the reducing gas heating system, part 15 is dust/pulverized coal distributor, part 16 is the mix dust device, nitrogen/coal gas system that part 17 is carried for dust, part 18 is blast-furnace tuyere, part 19 oxygen channels, part 20 is molten iron, part 21 is blast-furnace slag, part 22 is the blast furnace water slag-flushing system, part 23 is moisture eliminator, part 24 is fine ore, limestone powder and ground dolomite, part 25 is Pulverized Coal Bin, part 26 is tundish, part 27 is the winding-up tank, part 28 is mixing tank, part 29 is calmed the anger for adding, part 30 is coal dust, part 31 is dust, part 32 is charging belt, part 33 is reduction furnace furnace roof loading device, part 34 is the reduction and gaseous stove iron of blast furnace type mouth.Part 35 for output coal gas for CCPP, part 36 be output coal gas for the production of DRI, part 37 is used for chemical industry for output coal gas, part 38 output coal gas are used for this technique recirculation system, part 39 is the reducing gas transfer lime.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention are further described:
It is example that iron-containing charge be take the SDORBF iron-smelting process that all uses fine ore.
After the fine ore that stock yard comes, limestone powder and ground dolomite 24 drying devices 23 are dry, granularity is 0-8mm containing fine iron ore and ground flux via charging belt 32 and reduction furnace furnace roof loading device 33 to thermopnore reduction furnace 2 material loadings.Thermopnore reduction furnace 2 is divided into level Four R4, R3, R2, R1; The reducing gas that the reduction and gaseous stove 1 of the blast furnace type of carrying through reducing gas transfer lime 39 produces will be reduced into sponge iron through the fine iron ore that contains of thermopnore reduction furnace 2 thermopnore R4 at different levels, R3, R2, R1, and the sponge iron temperature of discharging from thermopnore R1 is 700 ℃.
Sponge iron under hot by hot wafering system 3 briquettings.The hot wafering sponge iron that thermopnore 2 is produced is directly packed into from reduction and gaseous stove 1 top charging equipment of blast furnace type through heat-resisting belt 4.
The task of the reduction and gaseous stove 1 of blast furnace type is the fusing sponge iron and obtains qualified molten iron, makes simultaneously and meets the reducing gas that thermopnore reduction furnace 2 requires.The hot wafering sponge iron adds from the reduction and gaseous stove of blast furnace type 1 top through coke load facility 5 and lump stone feeder system 13 etc. through heat-resisting belt 4, coke 12, and coal dust 30 and oxygen 19 are sprayed into by reduction and gaseous stove 1 oxygen wind gap 18 of blast furnace type.The dust foldback that hot tornado dust collector 7 are collected returns the reduction and gaseous stove 1 of blast furnace type.
The function of the reduction and gaseous stove 1 of blast furnace type be the slag iron that hot direct reduced iron to adding or hot wafering carry out whole reduction, heating and fusing, fusing store in cupola well, realize slag iron separate and adjust hot metal composition, regularly from iron mouth 34 discharge molten iron 20 and slags 21.Slag 21 is washed into grain slag through the flushing cinder system.In the process that coke 12 descends in stove, by the high temperature reduction heated by gas, (～1800 ℃, red-hot coke.) to float over liquid slag untouchable upper, forms red-hot dynamic coke bed.Red-hot coke bed plays to the molten iron by bed and slag temperature raising, to molten iron carburizing, the effect such as reduction eventually.
Reducing gas 6 temperature that the reduction and gaseous stove of blast furnace type 1 is derived are 800～850 ℃, and 800～850 ℃ of reducing gas 6 temperature can obtain by the control of operating parameters, as regulate reduction and gaseous furnace charge face height, regulate injecting coal quantity, regulate quantity of steam that top sprays into etc.800～850 ℃ of reducing gas 6 through hot tornado dust collector 7 dedustings by reducing gas transfer lime 39 to the RI thermopnore of directly sending into thermopnore 2 after well heater 14 is processed.Reducing gas, through thermopnore R1 at different levels, R2, R3, the R4 of thermopnore reduction furnace 2, will be processed into sponge iron containing fine iron ore; Reducing gas is processed into top coal gas by iron-containing charge, and top coal gas is derived by R3/R4.Top coal gas adopts dry method dust 8, and the dust that dry method dust 8 is collected is sent into the Pulverized Coal Bin 25 of coal dust coal injection system through air-transport system 31.Coal gas after nonaqueous dust cleaner 8 dedustings adopts the TRT9 generating to reclaim the furnace roof pressure energy.Part 35-part 38 is output coal gas purposes option.Part 35 for output coal gas for CCPP, part 36 be output coal gas for the production of DRI, part 37 is used for chemical industry for output coal gas, part 38 output coal gas are used for this technique recirculation system.
The dust that hot tornado dust collector 7 the are collected dust collection tank 10 of packing into.Dust collection tank 10 is by the powder dust winding-up tank 11 of packing into.Powder in the winding-up tank sprays into from blast-furnace tuyere 18 through mixing tank 16, dust divider 15.Dust helps jet body to adopt nitrogen or stock gas to add and calms the anger 17.
This technique is respectively produced the dust of dirt pits collection and the dust of dry method dust 8 collections is sent into the Pulverized Coal Bin 25 of coal dust coal injection system through air-transport system 31, and the coal dust 30 of pulverized coal preparation system production is also sent into Pulverized Coal Bin 25.Coal dust in Pulverized Coal Bin 25 and dust are sprayed into by blast-furnace tuyere 18 through equipment such as tundish 26, winding-up tank 27, mixing tank 28, dividers 15.Help jet body to adopt nitrogen or gas pressing gas 29.
A reduction and gaseous stove of blast furnace type can configure a plurality of direct-reduction stoves.
Iron-containing charge can be also the mixing ore deposit of fine ore/lump ore/pelletizing, can be also a certain ore deposit wherein.While using lump ore/pelletizing, lump ore/pelletizing adds the direct-reduction stove to produce hot reduced iron; While only using fine ore, fine ore adds thermopnore reduction furnace 2 Heat of Formation briquetting sponge iron.Hot reduced iron or hot wafering are sent into the reduction and gaseous stove 1 of blast furnace type again and are produced heating molten steel.
The product of this process output is: high-quality heating molten steel, grain slag, high-quality coal gas.
The SDORBF iron-smelting process is without dust, without waste liquid, non-exhaust emission.
The present invention can be without sintering, only use a small amount of coke and oxygen.Thereby reduce significantly coke usage quantity and molten iron cost.This technique can be widely used in producing heating molten steel.
Claims (12)
1. an iron-smelting process, is characterized in that: another configuration direct-reduction stove outside the reduction and gaseous stove of blast furnace type; The mixing ore deposit that iron-containing charge is common fine ore/lump ore/pelletizing, be produced into hot direct reduced iron by the direct-reduction stove; Coke, hot direct reduced iron add from the reduction and gaseous furnace roof of blast furnace type section; Oxygen and coal dust spray into from the reduction and gaseous stove oxygen wind gap of blast furnace type, production high-quality heating molten steel, grain slag and high-quality coal gas.
2. iron-smelting process according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the outer another configuration direct-reduction stove of the reduction and gaseous stove of blast furnace type is for using (fluidization) bed direct-reduction stove that flows of fine ore, iron-containing charge can be and only uses fine ore, and produces the hot wafering direct-reduced iron by the mobile or fluidized bed direct-reduction stove that uses fine ore.
3. iron-smelting process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the coal gas of the reduction and gaseous stove output of blast furnace type is the adjustable high temperature reduction gas of gas temperature, exports the reducing gas of～850 ℃ directly for the direct-reduction stove.
4. iron-smelting process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: use≤200kg/t coke, coke is by the high temperature reduction heated by gas, form～1800 ℃ of red-hot dynamic coke beds float over liquid slag untouchable on.Also comprise coke consumption >=200kg/t.
5. iron-smelting process according to claim 1, is characterized in that: stock gas cleaning employing dry method dust.
6. iron-smelting process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: gas ash and respectively produce the dust that dirt pits is collected sprays into blast furnace through Coalblowing system.
7. iron-smelting process according to claim 1, is characterized in that: from the various flux of Blast Furnace Injection, as limestone powder, ground dolomite or flux and ore powder mix.
8. iron-smelting process according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the stock gas employing dry method dust that thermopnore direct-reduction stove is derived, the coal gas employing TRT generating after dedusting, output coal gas after recovery stock gas pressure energy.
9. iron-smelting process according to claim 8 is characterized in that: output coal gas is for CCPP, for the production of DRI, for chemical industry, for this technique recirculation system.
10. iron-smelting process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the reduction and gaseous stove blast furnace type of blast furnace type adopts and is similar to blast furnace design, and top is without large ball collar roof construction.
11. iron-smelting process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: a reduction and gaseous stove of blast furnace type configures a plurality of direct-reduction stoves.
12. iron-smelting process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: help jet body to adopt nitrogen or gas pressing gas.
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| CN2008102329944A CN101736103B (en) | 2008-11-05 | 2008-11-05 | Iron manufacture technology |
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| CN2008102329944A CN101736103B (en) | 2008-11-05 | 2008-11-05 | Iron manufacture technology |
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| CN101736103B true CN101736103B (en) | 2013-12-18 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102031325A (en) * | 2010-11-26 | 2011-04-27 | 中冶赛迪工程技术股份有限公司 | Iron making system and process for producing molten iron by melting gasification |
| KR101289217B1 (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2013-07-29 | 주식회사 포스코 | Integrated iron and steelmaking system and method |
| WO2013100520A1 (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2013-07-04 | 주식회사 포스코 | Integrated steelmaking system and integrated steelmaking method |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1109910A (en) * | 1994-11-18 | 1995-10-11 | 北京科技大学 | Direct reduction process for oxygen-rich fusion gasifying furnace |
| CN1248632A (en) * | 1999-10-27 | 2000-03-29 | 冶金工业部钢铁研究总院 | Coal oxygen fused reduction iron-smelting method and apparatus |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1109910A (en) * | 1994-11-18 | 1995-10-11 | 北京科技大学 | Direct reduction process for oxygen-rich fusion gasifying furnace |
| CN1248632A (en) * | 1999-10-27 | 2000-03-29 | 冶金工业部钢铁研究总院 | Coal oxygen fused reduction iron-smelting method and apparatus |
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