CN110423854B - Electric energy full-hydrogen flash reduction direct steelmaking system and process - Google Patents

Electric energy full-hydrogen flash reduction direct steelmaking system and process Download PDF

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CN110423854B
CN110423854B CN201910812334.1A CN201910812334A CN110423854B CN 110423854 B CN110423854 B CN 110423854B CN 201910812334 A CN201910812334 A CN 201910812334A CN 110423854 B CN110423854 B CN 110423854B
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hydrogen
furnace
tail gas
oxygen
powder
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CN110423854A (en
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李明明
杨星
李琳
邹宗树
邵磊
李强
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Northeastern University China
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Northeastern University China
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0006—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0073—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/12—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in electric furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/14—Multi-stage processes processes carried out in different vessels or furnaces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
    • Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Abstract

An electric energy full hydrogen flash reduction direct steelmaking system and a process thereof, wherein the system comprises an electrolytic water hydrogen production device, a cyclone flash reduction furnace, an electric hot melting furnace and a tail gas post-treatment device, and the process comprises the following steps: preparing reducing gas hydrogen and oxygen by water electrolysis, spraying the oxygen and steelmaking powder into a cyclone flash reduction furnace, simultaneously spraying hydrogen at the lower part, carrying out reduction reaction on a gas phase and a solid phase at 500-1500 ℃ in the countercurrent movement process in the cyclone furnace to obtain pre-reduced iron powder/iron drops with the metallization rate of more than 80%, entering an electrothermal melting furnace for melting, carrying out bottom blowing hydrogen for stirring, melting and final reduction, carrying out continuous steelmaking, preheating reduction and smelting tail gas/pre-reduced powder, dedusting and purifying, purifying the tail gas, preheating the oxygen, condensing and separating, returning the hydrogen to the cyclone flash reduction furnace, and returning condensed water to electrolyzed water for hydrogen production; the process completely utilizes electric energy for smelting, does not depend on fossil fuel, completely uses hydrogen as a reducing agent, has no pollutant emission in the process, and realizes high-efficiency and cyclic utilization of raw materials and clean smelting.

Description

Electric energy full-hydrogen flash reduction direct steelmaking system and process
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgy, in particular to an electric energy full hydrogen flash reduction direct steelmaking system and a process.
Background
The process integrates four process links of sintering (or pelletizing), coking, blast furnace ironmaking and converter steelmaking, and has the defects of long production process, high energy consumption, serious environmental pollution caused by strong dependence on fossil fuel resources and the like. When the current global environmental pollution and resource and energy shortage problem is getting more serious, the implementation of energy conservation and emission reduction and the implementation of clean production become the necessary routes for the continuous development of the global steel industry.
Aiming at the problems of high pollution and high energy consumption of the traditional blast furnace ironmaking process, the smelting reduction ironmaking technology is developed in recent years because the dependency on high-pollution and high-energy-consumption processes such as agglomeration, sintering, coking and the like can be reduced, and becomes an important technical approach for realizing energy conservation, emission reduction and clean production in the steel industry, such as the processes of COREX, FINEX, HIsara and the like. The COREX method adopts an upper pre-reduction shaft furnace to pre-reduce iron ore to obtain metallized pellets (DRI) with the metallization rate of 70-90%, and then the DRI is sent to a lower melting gasification furnace to be finally reduced. The process still needs to rely on lump ore, pellet ore, sinter ore and part of coke to maintain smooth operation of the furnace condition in the production process. The FINEX process uses fine ore as raw material, adopts a multi-stage fluidized state reactor to complete iron ore pre-reduction, obtains reduced iron powder with the metallization rate of about 90%, and the reduced iron powder and the fine coal are added into a melting gasification furnace as furnace charge after being subjected to hot briquetting for melting final reduction. The HIsarna process takes fine ore as a main raw material, a cyclone melting furnace is adopted to carry out flash smelting on the fine ore, a flux and coal powder are blown into the cyclone melting furnace along the tangential direction of a furnace body by taking oxygen as a carrier, the fine ore is reduced and melted in the movement process, and then flows along the furnace wall and drops into the melting reduction furnace for final reduction.
Patent CN101117650A proposes a method for smelting reduction of fine iron ore powder, in which micron-sized iron ore powder is pre-reduced at 580-750 ℃ in a conveying reactor or a fast fluidized bed, and iron material with pre-reduction rate of 70-85% is pressed into blocks or sprayed into a smelting gasification furnace for final reduction. Patent CN102586527A proposes a new process for making iron by hydrogen-carbon smelting reduction, in which iron ore powder is preheated and reduced, and then smelting reduction is performed by using hydrogen and coal powder. Patents CN101906501A, CN101260448A and CN108374067A propose a process for direct steelmaking using fine ore and coal oxygen, in which iron ore powder is pre-reduced and then sprayed into a steelmaking furnace together with coal powder and oxygen to perform steelmaking.
To sum up, the current stage smelting reduction iron making/direct steel making method can achieve the emission reduction goal of steel production to a certain extent, but the smelting process still depends on a coal-based reducing agent, the greenhouse gas and pollutant emission amount in the reduction process is large, and the energy required by the production process is derived from non-renewable resources such as fossil fuel and the like, so that the energy consumption problem in the steel production process cannot be effectively solved.
In 2011, the German Federal government passed a sixth energy research project, which is oriented to the research on environment-friendly, reliable and cheap energy supply, and perfectly agrees with the energy consumption problem of the metallurgical process. In the research of emerging energy sources, electrical energy is put at the top priority. The wide application of electrical energy makes it easy to find a substitute for carbon, i.e. hydrogen, as a reducing agent in iron making. The hydrogen can be prepared by electrolyzing water, and the product after reducing the iron oxide is water which can be recycled. At present, the cooperation of nuclear energy hydrogen production and hydrogen energy metallurgy combination is jointly developed by the related units such as the Zhonghe group, the Qinghua university, the Bao Steel group and the like, and a proposal supporting the nuclear energy hydrogen production and the green metallurgy to be listed as a national major technical proposal is submitted. Therefore, it is expected that the electric energy hydrogen metallurgy technology is an important technical approach for realizing clean production of the steel industry in the future development, and the innovation of the metallurgy technology is undoubtedly a powerful push.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical task of the invention is to provide an electric energy full hydrogen flash reduction direct steelmaking system and process aiming at the defects of the prior art.
One aspect of the present invention provides an electric energy full hydrogen flash reduction direct steelmaking system, comprising: the system comprises an electrolytic water hydrogen production device, a cyclone flash reduction furnace, an electric hot melting furnace and tail gas post-treatment equipment, wherein the tail gas post-treatment equipment comprises a preheating/pre-reduction device, a dust removal purification device and a heat exchanger which are sequentially connected through pipelines;
the water electrolysis hydrogen production device comprises a water electrolysis hydrogen production reactor, a hydrogen storage tank and an oxygen storage tank, wherein the water electrolysis hydrogen production reactor is connected with the hydrogen storage tank and the oxygen storage tank through pipelines;
the top of the cyclone flash reduction furnace is provided with a tail gas outlet, the upper part of the furnace body is provided with a feed inlet, a hydrogen nozzle is arranged below the feed inlet and is connected with a hydrogen storage tank through a pipeline, and the bottom of the cyclone flash reduction furnace is communicated with an electric melting furnace;
the electric melting furnace is provided with an electrode, a steel tapping hole, a slag hole and a bottom blowing element, and the bottom blowing element is connected with a hydrogen storage tank through a pipeline;
the preheating/pre-reducing device is provided with an air inlet, an air outlet, a feeding port and a discharging port, the air inlet is connected with a tail gas outlet of the cyclone flash reducing furnace, the air outlet is connected with the dust removal and purification device, the feeding port is used for adding iron ore powder and flux powder, and the discharging port is connected with a feeding port of the cyclone flash reducing furnace through a feeding pipeline;
the dust removal and purification device is provided with a tail gas inlet, a tail gas outlet and a dust removal discharge hole, the tail gas inlet is connected with the preheating/pre-reduction device, the tail gas outlet is connected with the heat exchanger, and the dust removal discharge hole is communicated with the feeding pipeline;
the heat exchanger is provided with a first air inlet, a first air outlet, a second air inlet and a second air outlet, the first air inlet is connected with a tail gas outlet of the dust removal and purification device, the first air outlet is connected with a hydrogen storage tank pipeline, the second air inlet is connected with an oxygen storage tank pipeline, and the second air outlet is communicated with a feeding pipeline;
and an oxygen flow regulating valve is arranged on a pipeline connecting the oxygen storage tank and the heat exchanger, and hydrogen flow regulating valves are arranged on a pipeline connecting the hydrogen storage tank and the hydrogen nozzle and a pipeline connecting the hydrogen storage tank and the bottom blowing element of the electric melting furnace.
Furthermore, a condensed water outlet is also arranged at the bottom of the heat exchanger and is connected with a water inlet of the electrolyzed water hydrogen production reactor.
Further, the feeding holes of the cyclone flash reduction furnace are arranged in the tangential direction of the furnace body.
Furthermore, the preheating/pre-reduction device is a single or a plurality of fluidized bed reactors connected in series, and a feeding port of the preheating/pre-reduction device is communicated with an iron ore powder feeding hopper and a flux powder feeding hopper.
Further, at least one of the bottom-blowing elements may be any one of a nozzle or a gas brick.
The invention also provides an electric energy full hydrogen flash reduction direct steelmaking process based on the system, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, adding liquid water into a water electrolysis hydrogen production device, and carrying out water electrolysis to obtain pure hydrogen and oxygen, wherein the purity of the prepared hydrogen is more than 99%, the purity of the prepared oxygen is more than 99%, the hydrogen is conveyed to a hydrogen storage tank through a pipeline, and the oxygen is conveyed to an oxygen storage tank through a pipeline;
step 2, oxygen in the oxygen storage tank enters a heat exchanger to obtain preheated oxygen; feeding iron ore powder and flux powder into a preheating/pre-reducing device to obtain preheating/pre-reducing powder; the powder and preheated oxygen are sprayed into the cyclone flash reduction furnace together, meanwhile, hydrogen is blown in from the hydrogen nozzle and the bottom of the electric melting furnace, and the intensity of hydrogen blown to the bottom of the molten pool by the electric melting furnace is 0.01-0.5 m3(tFe. min), controlling the temperature in the reduction furnace to be 500-1500 ℃; the powder and hydrogen are subjected to reduction reaction in the process of countercurrent movement in the furnace to obtain metallization rate>80% of pre-reduced iron powder/iron drops and pre-reduced tail gas;
step 3, directly dropping the pre-reduced iron powder/iron drops formed in the cyclone flash reduction furnace into an electric melting furnace communicated with the lower part of the cyclone flash reduction furnace due to the action of gravity in the process of rotating the furnace wall, controlling the temperature in the electric melting furnace to be 1550-1700 ℃, and carrying out electric melting separation on the pre-reduced iron powder; under the action of bottom blowing hydrogen of the electrothermal melting furnace, carrying out molten pool stirring and final melting reduction; carrying out a continuous steelmaking process to obtain molten steel, slag and smelting tail gas, wherein the molten slag and the molten steel are continuously or intermittently discharged from a slag outlet and a steel outlet of the electrothermal smelting furnace respectively;
and 4, discharging pre-reduced tail gas generated in the cyclone flash reduction furnace and smelting tail gas in the electric heating smelting furnace from a tail gas outlet of the cyclone flash reduction furnace, firstly, passing the high-temperature tail gas through a preheating/pre-reduction device, preheating/pre-reducing iron ore powder and flux powder by utilizing waste heat, feeding the cooled tail gas into a dust removal purification device, purifying and removing dust to obtain purified tail gas and dust, returning the dust to the cyclone flash reduction furnace, feeding the purified tail gas into a heat exchanger, utilizing the waste heat, preheating oxygen, simultaneously cooling and condensing to separate hydrogen and condensed water, conveying the hydrogen to a hydrogen storage tank through a pipeline to be used as reducing gas to return to the cyclone flash reduction furnace and the electric heating smelting furnace for recycling, and conveying the condensed water to an electrolytic water reactor through a pipeline for electrolysis and recycling.
Further, the flux powder is one or more of steelmaking slag-making materials lime, fluorite and dolomite, and the TFe content of the total iron in the iron ore powder is 30-70 wt%; the granularity of the iron ore powder and the flux powder is less than or equal to 1000 mu m.
And further, the iron ore powder and oxygen enter a cyclone flash reduction furnace in a mass ratio of 1: 1-10.
Furthermore, the addition amount of the flux powder is controlled according to the standard that the binary alkalinity of the molten slag in the electric heating melting separation furnace is 0.8-3.0.
Furthermore, the volume ratio of the oxygen amount blown into the feeding hole of the cyclone flash reduction furnace to the hydrogen amount blown into the hydrogen nozzle is (1-10) to 100.
The invention provides an electric energy full hydrogen flash reduction direct steelmaking device and a process, the process takes an electrolytic water reactor, a cyclone flash reduction furnace and an electric melting furnace as main equipment, and the electrolytic water reactor is utilized to prepare reducing gas hydrogen and obtain additional gas oxygen at the same time; oxygen and iron-containing powder are blown into the cyclone flash reduction furnace from a feed port at the upper part of the cyclone furnace along the tangential direction of a furnace body, meanwhile, reducing gas hydrogen is blown in from the lower part of the feed port, partial hydrogen is combusted to release heat to provide partial heat for the furnace, and gas-solid two phases are subjected to reduction reaction in the process of countercurrent movement in the cyclone flash reduction furnace to obtain pre-reduced iron powder/iron drops with the metallization rate of more than 80%; pre-reduced iron powder/iron drops fall into an electric melting furnace communicated with the bottom of the cyclone flash reduction furnace to be subjected to electric melting, and hydrogen is injected from the bottom of the electric melting furnace to perform molten pool stirring and smelting final reduction, so that continuous steel making is realized, and steel and slag are discharged from a steel outlet and a slag outlet respectively; preheating/pre-reducing iron ore powder and flux powder in high-temperature reduction and smelting tail gas, dedusting and purifying, returning dedusting ash to a cyclone flash reduction furnace, feeding purified tail gas into a heat exchanger, preheating oxygen/hydrogen by using waste heat, cooling, separating to obtain condensed water and hydrogen, returning the condensed water to an electrolytic water system, and feeding the hydrogen into a hydrogen storage tank to realize resource recycling. The new process uses full electric energy for smelting, avoids the use of non-renewable energy sources such as fossil fuel and the like, completely uses hydrogen for reducing gas, recycles the reducing gas, has no pollution in the process, and realizes the high-efficiency and recycling of raw materials and the clean production of products.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) compared with the traditional steel smelting process, the invention completely adopts electric energy as energy supply in the smelting process, and replaces non-renewable resources such as fossil fuels such as coal and the like; the electric energy can be generated by renewable and clean energy sources such as nuclear energy, solar energy, biomass energy and the like, and the problem of energy shortage is favorably alleviated;
(2) the invention completely adopts hydrogen as reducing gas, and the heat conductivity coefficient of the hydrogen is far greater than that of carbon monoxide, so that the heat transfer of gas-solid two-phase convection can be accelerated, and the reducing capability of the hydrogen is stronger than that of the carbon monoxide, thereby being beneficial to obtaining the reduced iron powder with high metallization rate; the hydrogen reduction product is water vapor without CO2The discharged water vapor can be returned to the water electrolysis hydrogen production system for cyclic utilization, thereby not only reducing the environmental load, but also realizing clean production;
(3) the invention makes full use of fine ore resources, gets rid of the procedures of coking, sintering, pelletizing and the like, does not need the decarburization of a converter, thereby simplifying the steelmaking process and being expected to improve the problems of high pollution and high energy consumption caused by the traditional smelting process;
(4) the cyclone flash reduction furnace is adopted for pre-reducing the iron ore powder, the iron ore powder circularly rotates and moves downwards along the furnace wall in the cyclone flash reduction furnace, the retention time of the powder in the furnace and the contact time of the powder and reducing gas can be prolonged, and the reduction rate is favorably improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of the present invention;
reference numerals: 1-electrolytic water hydrogen production reactor, 2-hydrogen storage tank, 3-oxygen storage tank, 4-iron ore powder feed hopper, 5-flux powder feed hopper, 6-cyclone flash reducing furnace, 7-electrothermal melting furnace, 8-cyclone flash reducing furnace oxygen flow regulating valve, 9-cyclone flash reducing furnace hydrogen flow regulating valve, 10-electrothermal melting furnace hydrogen flow regulating valve, 11-preheating/pre-reducing device, 12-dust removing purification device, 13-heat exchanger, 14-feeding pipeline;
wherein, whirlwind flash reduction furnace includes: 601-feed inlet, 602-hydrogen nozzle, 603-tail gas outlet;
wherein, electric heat melts and divides the stove and includes: 701-electrode, 702-bottom blowing element, 703-tap hole, 704-tap hole;
the heat exchanger comprises a 1301-a first air inlet, a 1302-a first air outlet, a 1303-a second air inlet, a 1304-a second air outlet and a 1305-a condensed water outlet;
a-iron ore powder, B-flux powder, C-liquid water, D-hydrogen, E-oxygen, F-slag, G-molten steel, H-tail gas, I-preheated/pre-reduced powder, J-cooled dusty tail gas, K-fly ash;
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of the process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides an electric energy all-hydrogen flash reduction direct steelmaking system, which includes: the system comprises an electrolytic water hydrogen production device, a cyclone flash reduction furnace, an electric hot melting furnace and tail gas post-treatment equipment, wherein the tail gas post-treatment equipment comprises a preheating/pre-reduction device, a dust removal purification device and a heat exchanger which are sequentially connected through pipelines;
the water electrolysis hydrogen production device comprises a water electrolysis hydrogen production reactor 1, a hydrogen storage tank 2 and an oxygen storage tank 3, wherein the water electrolysis hydrogen production reactor is connected with the hydrogen storage tank and the oxygen storage tank through pipelines;
the top of the cyclone flash reduction furnace 6 is provided with a tail gas outlet 603, the upper part of the furnace body is provided with a feed inlet 601, the feed inlet is arranged along the tangential direction of the cyclone flash reduction furnace, a hydrogen nozzle 602 is arranged below the feed inlet, the hydrogen nozzle is connected with a hydrogen storage tank through a pipeline, a hydrogen flow regulating valve 9 is arranged on a connecting pipeline, and the bottom of the cyclone flash reduction furnace is communicated with an electric melting furnace 7;
the electric melting furnace is provided with an electrode 701, a steel outlet 703, a slag outlet 704 and a bottom blowing element 702, wherein the steel outlet is arranged at the bottom of the furnace wall, the slag outlet is arranged below a slag layer, the bottom blowing element is connected with a hydrogen storage tank through a pipeline, and a hydrogen flow regulating valve 10 is arranged on the connecting pipeline;
the preheating/pre-reducing device 11 adopts a single or a plurality of fluidized bed reactors connected in series and is provided with an air inlet, an air outlet, a feeding port and a discharging port, the air inlet is connected with a tail gas outlet of the cyclone flash reduction furnace, the air outlet is connected with a dust removal and purification device 12, the feeding port is used for adding iron ore powder and flux powder, the feeding port is communicated with an iron ore powder feeding hopper 4 and a flux powder feeding hopper 5, and the discharging port is connected with a feeding port of the cyclone flash reduction furnace through a feeding pipeline 14;
the dust removal and purification device is provided with a tail gas inlet, a tail gas outlet and a dust removal discharge hole, the tail gas inlet is connected with the preheating/pre-reduction device, the tail gas outlet is connected with the heat exchanger 13, and the dust removal discharge hole is communicated with the feeding pipeline;
the heat exchanger is provided with a first air inlet 1301, a first air outlet 1302, a second air inlet 1303 and a second air outlet 1304, the first air inlet is connected with a tail gas outlet of the dust removal and purification device, the first air outlet is connected with a hydrogen storage tank pipeline, the second air inlet is connected with an oxygen storage tank pipeline, an oxygen flow regulating valve 8 is arranged on the connecting pipeline, and the second air outlet is communicated with a feeding pipeline.
At least one of the bottom blowing elements of the electrothermal melting furnace can be any one of a spray pipe or an air brick.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, a condensed water outlet 1305 is further arranged at the bottom of the heat exchanger and is connected with a water inlet of the electrolyzed water hydrogen production reactor.
The invention provides an electric energy full hydrogen flash reduction direct steelmaking process based on the system, the process flow is shown in figure 2, and the process comprises the following steps:
step 1, adding liquid water into a water electrolysis hydrogen production device, and carrying out water electrolysis to obtain pure hydrogen D and oxygen E, wherein the purity of the prepared hydrogen is more than 99 percent, the purity of the prepared oxygen is more than 99 percent, the hydrogen is conveyed to a hydrogen storage tank through a pipeline, and the oxygen is conveyed to an oxygen storage tank through a pipeline;
step 2, the oxygen in the oxygen storage tank enters a heat exchanger, and is preheated by high-temperature purified tail gas to obtain preheated oxygen; the iron ore powder A and the flux powder B enter a preheating/pre-reducing device from a feed hopper, and are preheated/pre-reduced by high-temperature tail gas to obtain preheating/pre-reducing powder and purified tail gas; the powder and the preheated oxygen are sprayed into the cyclone flash reduction furnace from the feeding hole along the tangential direction of the furnace body, meanwhile, the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank is blown in from the hydrogen nozzle positioned below the feeding hole and the bottom of the electric melting furnace, and the intensity of the hydrogen blown to the bottom of the molten pool by the electric melting furnace is 0.01-0.5 m3(tFe. min), controlling the temperature in the furnace to be 500-1500 ℃; the powder and hydrogen are subjected to reduction reaction in the process of countercurrent movement in the furnace to obtain metallization rate>80% of pre-reduced iron powder/iron drops and pre-reduced tail gas; meanwhile, partial hydrogen and oxygen are subjected to combustion reaction to release heat, and partial physical heat is provided for the reduction process in the furnace;
step 3, directly dropping pre-reduced iron powder/iron drops formed in the cyclone flash reduction furnace into an electric melting furnace communicated with the lower part of the cyclone flash reduction furnace due to the action of gravity in the process of rotating the furnace wall, heating the electric melting furnace through electrodes, controlling the furnace temperature at 1550-1700 ℃, and carrying out electric melting separation on the pre-reduced iron powder; under the action of bottom blowing hydrogen of the electrothermal melting furnace, carrying out molten pool stirring and final melting reduction; carrying out a continuous steelmaking process to obtain molten steel G, slag F and smelting tail gas, wherein the slag and the molten steel are continuously or intermittently discharged from a slag outlet and a steel outlet of the electric hot melting furnace respectively;
and 4, discharging the reduction tail gas generated in the cyclone flash reduction furnace and the smelting tail gas in the electric heating smelting furnace from a tail gas outlet positioned at the top of the cyclone flash reduction furnace, firstly, passing the high-temperature tail gas H through a preheating/pre-reduction device, preheating/pre-reducing iron ore powder and flux powder by using waste heat to obtain preheated/pre-reduced powder I, sending the cooled dust-containing tail gas J into a dust removal and purification device, purifying and removing dust to obtain purified tail gas and dust K, returning the dust K to the cyclone flash reduction furnace, feeding the purified tail gas into a heat exchanger, utilizing the waste heat, preheating oxygen, simultaneously cooling and condensing, separating hydrogen and condensed water, conveying the hydrogen to a hydrogen storage tank through a pipeline, returning the hydrogen to the cyclone furnace and an electric furnace for recycling, and conveying the condensed water to an electrolytic water reactor through a pipeline for electrolysis and recycling.
Wherein the flux powder is one of slag-making materials of lime, fluorite and dolomite, and the total iron TFe content of the iron ore powder is 30-70 wt%; the granularity of the iron ore powder and the flux powder is less than or equal to 1000 mu m.
Wherein the iron ore powder and oxygen are fed into the cyclone flash reduction furnace in a mass ratio of 1: 1-10.
Wherein the addition amount of the flux is controlled according to the standard that the binary alkalinity of the molten slag in the electric furnace is 0.8-3.0.
Wherein the volume ratio of the oxygen amount blown into the feeding hole of the cyclone flash reduction furnace to the hydrogen amount blown into the hydrogen nozzle is (1-10) to 100.
In the full-hydrogen flash reduction direct steelmaking process, energy required by the whole system (including a water electrolysis device and an electric hot melting furnace) is derived from electric energy, and the electric energy can be generated by any non-fossil fuel such as nuclear energy, solar energy, water power and the like.
In the full-hydrogen flash reduction direct steelmaking process, the electrolyzed water is from internal circulation, and the loss part is supplied from the outside.
According to the method for directly making steel by full-hydrogen flash reduction, the temperature in the cyclone flash reduction furnace is controlled to be 500-1500 ℃, part of heat in the furnace is released by combustion of hydrogen in the furnace, and part of heat is heated by an electrothermal melting furnace at the lower part of the cyclone flash reduction furnace.
In the method for directly making steel by full-hydrogen flash reduction, the temperature of an electric melting furnace is controlled to 1550-1700 ℃, and heat is provided by electric energy.
Example 1
The electric energy full hydrogen flash reduction direct steelmaking process adopting the system and the process comprises the following specific process parameters in each step:
step 1, adding liquid water into a water electrolysis hydrogen production device, and performing water electrolysis to obtain pure hydrogen and oxygen, wherein the purity of the prepared hydrogen is more than 99 percent, and the purity of the oxygen is more than 99 percent;
step 2, adding iron ore powder and flux powder into a preheating/pre-reduction device, wherein the total iron TFe content of the iron ore powder is 30 wt%, the granularity is less than or equal to 1000 mu m, so as to obtain preheated/pre-reduced powder, the iron ore powder and the flux powder are sprayed into a cyclone flash reduction furnace together with preheating oxygen, the mass ratio of the iron ore powder to the oxygen is 1: 5, hydrogen is blown into a hydrogen nozzle, the volume ratio of the blowing amount of the hydrogen to the blowing amount of the oxygen is 100:5, and the temperature in the reduction furnace is controlled to be 500-1500 ℃; the powder and hydrogen are subjected to reduction reaction in the process of countercurrent movement in a cyclone flash reduction furnace to obtain pre-reduced iron powder/iron drops with the metallization rate of more than 80 percent and pre-reduced tail gas;
step 3, controlling the temperature in the electric heating melting furnace to be 1700 ℃, and simultaneously controlling the adding amount of the flux to ensure that the binary alkalinity of the slag in the electric heating melting furnace is 0.8, wherein the slag former is lime powder, and the granularity is less than or equal to 1000 mu m; the bottom blowing strength of the electric melting furnace is 0.05m3Hydrogen of tFe & min, stirring a molten pool, simultaneously completing melting final reduction, and discharging molten steel and slag obtained by final reduction from a steel outlet and a slag outlet respectively; the prepared molten steel is the molten steel with the mass fraction of C being 0.01-0.40% and the temperature being 1700 ℃, and is used for the subsequent refining process to produce the ultra-pure steel;
and 4, preheating/pre-reducing the powder material in the reduction and smelting tail gas, dedusting and purifying, purifying the tail gas, preheating oxygen, condensing and separating, returning the hydrogen to the cyclone flash reduction furnace, and returning condensed water to the electrolytic water to produce hydrogen.
Example 2
The electric energy full hydrogen flash reduction direct steelmaking process adopting the system and the process comprises the following specific process parameters in each step:
step 1, adding liquid water into a water electrolysis hydrogen production device, and performing water electrolysis to obtain pure hydrogen and oxygen, wherein the purity of the prepared hydrogen is more than 99 percent, and the purity of the oxygen is more than 99 percent;
step 2, adding iron ore powder and flux powder into a preheating/pre-reduction device, wherein the total iron TFe content of the iron ore powder is 50 wt%, the particle size is less than or equal to 1000 microns, the iron ore powder and the flux powder are blown into a cyclone flash reduction furnace together with preheating oxygen, the mass ratio of the iron ore powder to the oxygen is 1: 7, hydrogen is blown into a hydrogen nozzle, the volume ratio of the blowing amount of the hydrogen to the blowing amount of the oxygen is 100:7, and the temperature in the reduction furnace is controlled to be 500-1500 ℃; the powder and hydrogen are subjected to reduction reaction in the process of countercurrent movement in a cyclone flash reduction furnace to obtain pre-reduced iron powder/iron drops with the metallization rate of more than 80 percent and pre-reduced tail gas;
step 3, controlling the temperature in the electric heating melting furnace to 1650 ℃, and simultaneously controlling the addition of the flux to ensure that the binary alkalinity of the slag in the electric heating melting furnace is 2.0, wherein the slagging agent is lime powder with the granularity less than or equal to 1000 mu m; the bottom blowing intensity of the electric melting furnace is 0.1m3Hydrogen of tFe & min, stirring a molten pool, simultaneously completing melting final reduction, and discharging molten steel and slag obtained by final reduction from a steel outlet and a slag outlet respectively; the prepared molten steel is the molten steel with the mass fraction of C being 0.01-0.40% and the temperature being 1650 ℃, and is used for the subsequent refining process to produce the ultra-pure steel;
and 4, preheating/pre-reducing the powder material in the reduction and smelting tail gas, dedusting and purifying, purifying the tail gas, preheating oxygen, condensing and separating, returning the hydrogen to the cyclone flash reduction furnace, and returning condensed water to the electrolytic water to produce hydrogen.
Example 3
The electric energy full hydrogen flash reduction direct steelmaking process adopting the system and the process comprises the following specific process parameters in each step:
step 1, adding liquid water into a water electrolysis hydrogen production device, and performing water electrolysis to obtain pure hydrogen and oxygen, wherein the purity of the prepared hydrogen is more than 99 percent, and the purity of the oxygen is more than 99 percent;
step 2, adding iron ore powder and flux powder into a preheating/pre-reduction device, wherein the total iron TFe content of the iron ore powder is 70 wt%, the particle size is less than or equal to 1000 microns, the iron ore powder and the flux powder are blown into a cyclone flash reduction furnace together with preheating oxygen, the mass ratio of the iron ore powder to the oxygen is 1: 10, hydrogen is blown into a hydrogen nozzle, the volume ratio of the blowing amount of the hydrogen to the blowing amount of the oxygen is 100:10, and the temperature in the reduction furnace is controlled to be 500-1500 ℃; the powder and hydrogen are subjected to reduction reaction in the process of countercurrent movement in a cyclone flash reduction furnace to obtain pre-reduced iron powder/iron drops with the metallization rate of more than 80 percent and pre-reduced tail gas;
step 3, controlling the temperature in the electric heating melting separation furnace to be 1550 ℃, and simultaneously controlling the adding amount of the flux to ensure that the binary alkalinity of the molten slag in the electric heating melting separation furnace is 3.0, wherein the slag former is lime powder, and the granularity is less than or equal to 1000 mu m; the bottom blowing intensity of the electric melting furnace is 0.2m3Hydrogen of tFe & min, stirring a molten pool, simultaneously completing melting final reduction, and discharging molten steel and slag obtained by final reduction from a steel outlet and a slag outlet respectively; the prepared molten steel is the molten steel with the mass fraction of C being 0.01-0.40% and the temperature being 1550 ℃, and is used for the subsequent refining process to produce the ultra-pure steel;
and 4, preheating/pre-reducing the powder material in the reduction and smelting tail gas, dedusting and purifying, purifying the tail gas, preheating oxygen, condensing and separating, returning the hydrogen to the cyclone flash reduction furnace, and returning condensed water to the electrolytic water to produce hydrogen.
The technical idea of the present invention is described in the above technical solutions, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes and modifications made to the above technical solutions according to the technical essence of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. An electric energy full hydrogen flash reduction direct steelmaking system, the system comprising: the system comprises an electrolytic water hydrogen production device, a cyclone flash reduction furnace, an electric hot melting furnace and tail gas post-treatment equipment, wherein the tail gas post-treatment equipment comprises a preheating/pre-reduction device, a dust removal purification device and a heat exchanger which are sequentially connected through pipelines;
the water electrolysis hydrogen production device comprises a water electrolysis hydrogen production reactor, a hydrogen storage tank and an oxygen storage tank, wherein the water electrolysis hydrogen production reactor is connected with the hydrogen storage tank and the oxygen storage tank through pipelines;
the top of the cyclone flash reduction furnace is provided with a tail gas outlet, the upper part of the furnace body is provided with a feed inlet, the feed inlet of the cyclone flash reduction furnace is arranged along the tangential direction of the furnace body, a hydrogen nozzle is arranged below the feed inlet and is connected with a hydrogen storage tank through a pipeline, the whole bottom of the cyclone flash reduction furnace is communicated with the electric hot melting furnace, and the cyclone flash reduction furnace is communicated with the inner cavity of the electric hot melting furnace to form an integrated structure;
the electric melting furnace is provided with an electrode, a steel tapping hole, a slag hole and a bottom blowing element, and the bottom blowing element is connected with a hydrogen storage tank through a pipeline;
the preheating/pre-reducing device is provided with an air inlet, an air outlet, a feeding port and a discharging port, the air inlet is connected with a tail gas outlet of the cyclone flash reducing furnace, the air outlet is connected with the dust removal and purification device, the feeding port is used for adding iron ore powder and flux powder, and the discharging port is connected with a feeding port of the cyclone flash reducing furnace through a feeding pipeline;
the dust removal purification device is provided with a tail gas inlet, a tail gas outlet and a dust removal ash discharge hole, the tail gas inlet is connected with the preheating/pre-reduction device, the tail gas outlet is connected with the heat exchanger, and the dust removal ash discharge hole is communicated with a cyclone flash reduction furnace feed pipeline;
the heat exchanger is provided with a first air inlet, a first air outlet, a second air inlet and a second air outlet, the first air inlet is connected with a tail gas outlet of the dust removal and purification device, the first air outlet is connected with a hydrogen storage tank pipeline, the second air inlet is connected with an oxygen storage tank pipeline, and the second air outlet is communicated with a feeding pipeline; the bottom of the heat exchanger is also provided with a condensed water outlet which is connected with a water inlet of the electrolyzed water hydrogen production reactor;
and an oxygen flow regulating valve is arranged on a pipeline connecting the oxygen storage tank and the heat exchanger, and hydrogen flow regulating valves are arranged on a pipeline connecting the hydrogen storage tank and the hydrogen nozzle and a pipeline connecting the hydrogen storage tank and the bottom blowing element of the electric melting furnace.
2. An electric energy all-hydrogen flash reduction direct steelmaking process based on the system of claim 1, wherein the process comprises the steps of:
step 1, adding liquid water into an electrolytic water hydrogen production reactor, and electrolyzing the water to obtain pure hydrogen and oxygen, wherein the purity of the prepared hydrogen is more than 99 percent, the purity of the prepared oxygen is more than 99 percent, the hydrogen is conveyed to a hydrogen storage tank through a pipeline, and the oxygen is conveyed to an oxygen storage tank through a pipeline;
step 2, oxygen in the oxygen storage tank enters a heat exchanger to obtain preheated oxygen; feeding iron ore powder and flux powder into a preheating/pre-reducing device to obtain preheating/pre-reducing powder; the powder and preheated oxygen are sprayed into the cyclone flash reduction furnace together, meanwhile, hydrogen is blown in from the hydrogen nozzle and the bottom of the electric melting furnace, and the intensity of hydrogen blown to the bottom of the molten pool by the electric melting furnace is 0.01-0.5 m3(tFe. min), controlling the temperature in the reduction furnace to be 500-1500 ℃; the powder and hydrogen are subjected to reduction reaction in the process of countercurrent movement in the furnace to obtain metallization rate>80% of pre-reduced iron powder/iron drops and pre-reduced tail gas;
step 3, directly dropping the pre-reduced iron powder/iron drops formed in the cyclone flash reduction furnace into an electric melting furnace communicated with the lower part of the cyclone flash reduction furnace due to the action of gravity in the process of rotating the furnace wall, controlling the temperature in the electric melting furnace to be 1550-1700 ℃, and carrying out electric melting separation on the pre-reduced iron powder; under the action of bottom blowing hydrogen of the electrothermal melting furnace, carrying out molten pool stirring and final melting reduction; carrying out a continuous steelmaking process to obtain molten steel, slag and smelting tail gas, wherein the molten slag and the molten steel are continuously or intermittently discharged from a slag outlet and a steel outlet of the electrothermal smelting furnace respectively;
and 4, discharging pre-reduced tail gas generated in the cyclone flash reduction furnace and smelting tail gas in the electric heating smelting furnace from a tail gas outlet of the cyclone flash reduction furnace, firstly, passing the high-temperature tail gas through a preheating/pre-reduction device, preheating/pre-reducing iron ore powder and flux powder by utilizing waste heat, feeding the cooled tail gas into a dust removal purification device, purifying and removing dust to obtain purified tail gas and dust, returning the dust to the cyclone flash reduction furnace, feeding the purified tail gas into a heat exchanger, utilizing the waste heat, preheating oxygen, simultaneously cooling and condensing to separate hydrogen and condensed water, conveying the hydrogen to a hydrogen storage tank through a pipeline to be used as reducing gas to return to the cyclone flash reduction furnace and the electric heating smelting furnace for recycling, and conveying the condensed water to an electrolytic water reactor through a pipeline for electrolysis and recycling.
3. The electric energy total hydrogen flash reduction direct steelmaking process according to claim 2, wherein in step 2 the flux powder is one or more of steelmaking slag making materials lime, fluorite and dolomite, and the total iron TFe content of the iron ore powder is 30-70 wt%; the granularity of the iron ore powder and the flux powder is less than or equal to 1000 mu m.
4. The electric energy full hydrogen flash reduction direct steelmaking process according to claim 2, wherein the iron ore powder and oxygen enter the cyclone flash reduction furnace in a mass ratio of 1: 1-10.
5. The electric energy full hydrogen flash reduction direct steelmaking process according to claim 2, wherein the addition amount of the flux powder is controlled according to the standard that the binary basicity of the slag in the electric heating melting furnace is 0.8-3.0.
6. The electric energy full hydrogen flash reduction direct steelmaking process according to claim 2, wherein the volume ratio of the amount of oxygen blown into the feeding port of the cyclone flash reduction furnace to the amount of hydrogen blown into the hydrogen nozzle is (1-10): 100.
7. the electric energy full hydrogen flash reduction direct steelmaking process according to claim 2, wherein the heat in the electrothermal melting furnace is provided by electric energy, and the heat sources in the cyclone flash reduction furnace are as follows: hydrogen in the furnace is combusted to release heat and the lower part of the electric melting furnace is heated.
8. The electric energy all-hydrogen flash reduction direct steelmaking process of claim 2, wherein the part of the electrolyzed water used in the electrolyzed water hydrogen making reactor comes from internal circulation, and the lost part is supplied from the outside.
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