CN115305304B - Multi-element furnace burden structure iron-making method of Europe smelting furnace - Google Patents
Multi-element furnace burden structure iron-making method of Europe smelting furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN115305304B CN115305304B CN202210970903.7A CN202210970903A CN115305304B CN 115305304 B CN115305304 B CN 115305304B CN 202210970903 A CN202210970903 A CN 202210970903A CN 115305304 B CN115305304 B CN 115305304B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0006—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0073—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/02—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in shaft furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/14—Multi-stage processes processes carried out in different vessels or furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2200/00—Recycling of non-gaseous waste material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-element furnace burden structure iron-making method of an Ou metallurgical furnace, which comprises the steps of mixing scrap steel and coke pieces of a shaft furnace ore line according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.6-1: 1 to obtain a mixture; the shaft furnace comprises the following furnace charge structures in percentage by mass: 35-45% of sintered ore, 50-60% of pellet ore, 3-5% of raw ore, 90-100kg/t of coke and 150kg/t of scrap steel; adding a mixture at the top of the shaft furnace at the middle ring belt of the shaft furnace according to the mass ratio of the waste steel consumption to the ore batch weight of 1: 12.5-1.5: 20, charging for smelting, wherein the mass ratio of the waste steel to the coke is 1: 0.6-1: 1, and the shaft furnace adopts a mode of sintering ore → pellet → raw ore → coke oven → waste steel batch and layered charging; the furnace charge structure of the gasification furnace is as follows: 180kg/t of coke, 300kg/t of foam coal and 130kg/t of coal injection; adding coke and coal foam from the first and second coal screws to the coal distributor to produce qualified pig iron.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an iron-making method with a multi-element furnace burden structure of an Ou metallurgical furnace.
Background
The scrap steel belongs to renewable resources, and has obvious energy carrying and environmental protection effects. The multi-purpose scrap steel relieves the resource shortage and can effectively reduce the external dependency of the iron ore. The size of the steel scrap ratio determines the energy consumption and energy utilization of metallurgical enterprises, and the improvement of the steel scrap ratio is beneficial to protecting resources, saving energy and reducing environmental pollution. The traditional scrap steel adding method mainly comprises the steps of adding scrap steel into a converter and adding scrap steel into an electric furnace.
The scrap steel as a metallic iron material can completely and partially replace other iron-containing furnace materials to be used in a blast furnace. This point is fully proven in theory and in practice at home and abroad. The energy-saving effect of the scrap steel replacing the iron ore is reflected in effectively reducing the fuel ratio of the blast furnace and improving the yield of the blast furnace. By comparison with iron and steel plants across the country, the proportion of scrap in some iron and steel plants exceeds 150kg/t, whereas in many blast furnace-use charges in europe and north america the proportion of scrap or metal is up to and even exceeding 200 kg/t. The molten iron produced from the charging of the scrap into the blast furnace to the final production mainly comprises two changes of the increase of the carbon content and the temperature rise, and the change of the carbon content and the temperature is mainly completed by the consumption of fuel according to the law of energy conservation. The scrap steel is used as a material containing metallic iron, and only energy is needed to heat and melt the scrap steel into molten iron, so that the energy-saving effect of the scrap steel replacing iron ore is mainly embodied in effectively reducing the fuel ratio of the blast furnace and improving the yield of the blast furnace.
With the improvement of the relation of steel demand and the reduction of steel inventory, the steel industry is gradually warming. On the premise that the conditions for examining and approving the blast furnace capacity are increasingly severe, the capacity of the blast furnace is expanded, and the production cost of the blast furnace is reduced, so that the method becomes a means for increasing profits of various large steel mills. Many blast furnaces adopt a part of added scrap steel to replace iron ore to be fed into the furnace for smelting, so that the comprehensive feeding grade is improved, the coke ratio is saved, and the blast furnace is more energy-saving than an electric furnace.
The smelting mode of adding the waste steel from the top of the blast furnace is to put the waste steel into the furnace together with iron-containing furnace burden such as sinter, pellet and the like through a furnace top feeding belt for smelting. In the actual process of smelting by adding scrap steel from the top of a blast furnace, when the scrap steel is added into the blast furnace to reach 100kg/t iron, the physical and chemical properties of the furnace burden of the scrap steel and ore are greatly different, the blast furnace gas flow is easy to change after the scrap steel is put into the blast furnace, the operation furnace type of the blast furnace is affected, the furnace burden structure of the blast furnace is changed, and then the position of a softening melting zone of the blast furnace is changed, so that the softening melting zone of the blast furnace moves upwards, the bonding of the furnace body of the blast furnace is easy to cause, the development of edge gas flow is hindered, the air volume of the blast furnace is shrunk, the pressure difference is increased, the air permeability is poor, the operation is difficult, and the furnace condition of the blast furnace is not smooth.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the blast furnace using scrap steel, the invention provides an iron-making method with a multi-element furnace charge structure of an Ou-smelting furnace.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a multi-element charging material structure iron-smelting method of an Ou metallurgical furnace,
1) Crushing the waste steel for later use by a double-roller rolling machine and a crusher, wherein the waste steel mainly comprises crushed materials and light thin materials;
2) Selecting a dolomite or limestone groove of a feeding belt of an ore line or a pit of any one bin associated with the feeding belt of the ore line, conveying the scrap steel to the selected scrap steel bin through an original underground belt after an automobile unloads the scrap steel into the pit, arranging a vibrating feed screen and a weighing hopper at the lower part of the scrap steel bin, enabling the scrap steel to enter the weighing hopper by the action and vibration of the vibrating feed screen, interlocking the action of the vibrating feed screen with the small weighing hopper, setting the weighing weight, and automatically stopping the vibrating feed screen after the weight of the scrap steel in the hopper reaches the set weighing weight;
3) Mixing the scrap steel and the coke pieces of the shaft furnace ore line according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.6-1: 1 to obtain a mixture;
4) Shaft furnace charge structure and material distribution mode:
the shaft furnace comprises the following furnace charge structures in percentage by mass: 35-45% of sintered ore, 50-60% of pellet ore, 3-5% of raw ore, 90-100kg/t of coke and 150kg/t of scrap steel;
the specific process comprises the following steps: scrap steel silo → main feeding belt → vertical sealing-tape machine → horizontal conveying belt → feeding tank → intermediate tank → blanking tank → ore distributor → shaft furnace;
adding a mixture at the top of the shaft furnace at the middle ring belt of the shaft furnace according to the mass ratio of the waste steel consumption to the ore batch weight of 1: 12.5-1.5: 20, charging for smelting, wherein the mass ratio of the waste steel to the coke is 1: 0.6-1: 1, and the shaft furnace adopts a mode of sintering ore → pellet → raw ore → coke oven → waste steel batch and layered charging; the alkaline sinter, the acid pellets, the green ore, the coke dices and the scrap steel realize an annular material distribution mode through a material distribution chute of the ore distributor, the shape of a material surface is controlled, and two airflow modes of an edge and a center are formed; and (3) material line setting: 1.5m; setting gears: setting according to 8 gears, setting the material distribution time to be 260s, setting the initial angle to be 0 degrees and setting the final angle to be 360 degrees; the distribution of the angular difference between the gears of the distribution matrix is continuous and stable, the difference is not too large, the angular difference between the two gears is not more than 5.5 degrees at most, the distribution of the coal gas flow is adjusted, the general trend of the ore distribution gear adjustment is blank pressing and center opening, so that the development edge of the air flow is inhibited, the central air flow is enhanced, the control of a charging system is further carried out, and the distribution of the shaft furnace is adjusted;
5) The furnace burden structure and the material distribution mode of the gasification furnace are as follows: the specific process comprises the following steps: shaft furnace → DRI screw conveyer → DRI conveying pipe → DRI turning plate distributor → gasification furnace;
the furnace charge structure of the gasification furnace is as follows: 180kg/t of coke, 300kg/t of foam coal and 130kg/t of coal injection; adding coke and foam coal from a primary coal distributor and a secondary coal distributor at the vault of the gasification furnace in a spiral manner, wherein the specific process comprises the following steps: coke, foam coal bunker → loading main belt → vertical rubber belt machine → horizontal conveyer belt → loading bucket → intermediate tank → blanking tank → first-level coal spiral → second-level spiral → coal distributor; the coal spiral is divided into 2 groups, namely a first-level coal spiral and a second-level coal spiral, wherein the first-level coal spiral is arranged above the second-level coal spiral, the second-level coal spiral is arranged below the first-level coal spiral, the middle of the first-level coal spiral is connected with the second-level coal spiral through a compensator, the spiral speed of the second-level coal is 20% higher than that of the first-level coal spiral, the furnace burden is prevented from being extruded and compacted in the movement process, and the rotating speed of the coal spiral is 6 revolutions per minute; the time of returning the material to the center from the center to the edge of one material distribution gear in the cycle time is set to 260S, annular material distribution is adopted, the initial angle of one material distribution gear is 0, the final angle is 360 degrees, the material distribution thickness of each gear is a relative value, the material distribution time and the rotation speed of each gear, namely the number of revolutions per minute of the material distributor, can be set to 6 revolutions per minute, the rotation direction is clockwise, and different inclination angles of the material distributor correspond to different gears;
6) The gasification furnace of the Europe and metallurgy furnace adopts a dynamic coal distributor and a dynamic DRI distributor to complete the laying of the material layer structure of the gasification furnace, 11 ring gears can be set for the two distributors at the position 0-5m away from the center of the gasification furnace, each 0.5m is one ring, the DRI spiral controls the blanking amount of the sponge iron through the rotating speed, the dynamic DRI distributor controls the material distribution direction, and the dynamic continuous annular material distribution is realized;
7) Injecting decarburization gas into an air port of the gasification furnace, wherein the decarburization gas is decarburization gas of an Ou metallurgical furnace, and the injection amount is 20000 +/-3000 Nm3/h; the volume content of CO in the decarbonized coal gas is 60-75 percent, and the balance is H2 and a small amount of N2; the oxygen pressure is 800kPa, and the tuyere ring tube oxygen pressure is 500 kPa; blowing with total oxygen; discharging the generated liquid molten iron out of the furnace through an iron outlet, and controlling the temperature Tp of the molten iron to be more than or equal to 1490 ℃ in the smelting process;
8) The waste steel is a metallized furnace charge, and the binary basicity R2 of the slag is controlled to be 1.15 +/-0.03 in the blast furnace ironmaking smelting process by directly adopting the metallized furnace charge; meanwhile, the content of Al2O3 in the slag is controlled to be less than 15wt%, and the content of MgO is controlled to be 4-5wt%; controlling the slag tapping time to be 95 +/-10 min, controlling the tapping flow rate to be 10 +/-2 t/min, and controlling the slag tapping rate to be more than 80%;
9) The granularity of the small coke particles is 8-25mm, the average particle size range of the coke is 32-55 mm, the granularity of the sinter is more than 7-15mm, the granularity of the acid pellets is 21-26mm, and the granularity of the scrap steel is 8-30mm;
10 The crown of the gasification furnace of the pyrometallurgical furnace is pressurized and conveyed to 4 burner coal powder oxygen lances of the gasification furnace through a pipeline, oxygen is introduced by utilizing a central passage, the coal powder and the oxygen are injected into the furnace together by utilizing a structure that the coal powder is introduced from the outer side of the oxygen, severe gasification reaction is carried out at high temperature and high pressure, and organic matters in the coal are converted into high-temperature coal gas;
11 Coke and foam coal are added by a primary coal distributor and a secondary coal distributor at the arch top of the gasification furnace in a spiral manner, mixed fuel is added from the arch top of the gasification furnace and then thermally cracked to generate powder, and large particles fall down to form a semi-coke bed; controlling the temperature of the vault of the gasification furnace to 1050 +/-20 ℃, dedusting high-temperature coal gas, adding washed and cooled cold coal gas to chill to 820-850 ℃, dedusting 1050 ℃ hot coal gas by hot cyclone, cooling a part of the dedusted hot coal gas to 30-80 ℃ by a wet scrubber, pressurizing and returning the cooled hot coal gas to a coal gas pipeline at the outlet of the gasification furnace to carry out temperature distribution and cooling on the high-temperature coal gas at 1050 ℃ to stabilize the temperature at 850 ℃, introducing 850 ℃ hot coal gas into the shaft furnace, leading the hot coal gas to reversely flow with scrap steel and other furnace burden in the shaft furnace, and leading the scrap steel and other furnace burden to be in countercurrent contact with the reduced coal gas to obtain sponge iron DRI, and leading the scrap steel and the sponge iron to pass through 8 spiral conveying gasification furnaces at the lower part of the shaft furnace to generate qualified pig iron.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention utilizes the structural characteristics that an Ou-smelting furnace is divided into an upper furnace area and a lower furnace area, the upper part is a reduction shaft furnace, the lower part is a melting gasification furnace, the Ou-smelting furnace is the two furnaces, a soft melting zone of a blast furnace is divided into two parts, the reduction shaft furnace mainly performs reduction reaction of iron ore, DRI sponge iron reduced by the reduction shaft furnace is conveyed to the melting gasification furnace through 8 DRI down pipes, the gasification furnace mainly performs melting and further reduction of the sponge iron, carbon gasification is performed, products are molten iron and coal gas, and the reduction coal gas required by the shaft furnace is the reduction coal gas which enters the shaft furnace to reduce ore after certain treatment. The invention iron-smelting method, utilize Europe and smelting furnace shaft furnace and gasification furnace subregion function, through the control of gasification furnace and shaft furnace process parameter, control the vault temperature of the gasification furnace and enter the reduction coal gas temperature of the shaft furnace, make full use of the Europe and smelting furnace two structural feature of the furnace (avoid the area of the furnace burden soft melting of the blast furnace, carry on the subregion function), add the scrap steel from the top of the shaft furnace, and then improve the scrap steel ratio and exceed the joining technology of 100kg/t, this method is through adjusting the shaft furnace cloth mode, adjust shaft furnace, gasification furnace process parameter, utilize the unique structure of Europe and smelting furnace, has avoided the scrap steel ratio of the high blast furnace to cause the position of the soft melting zone of the blast furnace to shift up, the shaft furnace shaft bonds, hinder the marginal air current to develop, blast furnace air quantity atrophy, the pressure difference rises, the air permeability is worsened, the operation is difficult, the blast furnace condition influences the productivity and disadvantage of going ahead of the straight-line, can improve the scrap steel of Europe and furnace to enter the furnace proportion by a wide margin, and raise the output; greatly reduces the consumption of fuel and further reduces the emission of CO 2.
The iron-making method can enable the addition of iron scrap per ton of the iron in the European and metallurgical furnace to reach 150kg/t iron, reduce the coke ratio by 45kg/t and improve the yield by 4-6%. CO of scrap steel 2 The amount of emissions was estimated to be about 380kg/t steel, which is only 1/6 of the total amount of CO2 emissions from a blast furnace-converter process using iron ore.
After the proportion of scrap steel fed into the blast furnace is improved by adopting the prior art, the area of a soft melting zone in the blast furnace is difficult to control, and the adhesion of the area of a furnace body of the blast furnace is very easy to influence the operation of the blast furnace. CO of scrap 2 The amount of discharge was estimated to be about 380kg/t steel, which is only 1/6 of the total amount of CO2 emission in a blast furnace-converter process using iron ore.
The scrap steel material is fed into the feed bin and the weighing device of the optimized trough of the Europe and metallurgy furnace, and can be directly added onto the main belt and the vertical adhesive tape machine without adding equipment, so that the equipment purchase and construction cost is reduced.
According to the invention, by optimizing parameters such as the mixing ratio of the waste steel and the coke, and the like of the furnace material structure of the shaft furnace, the shaft furnace has good air permeability, the pressure difference of the shaft furnace is reduced by 20kPa, the furnace condition is stable and smooth, and the annular material distribution is carried out according to the charging sequence of the sintered ore → the pellet → the raw ore → the coke → the waste steel, so that the edge and central air flow of the European-metallurgical furnace shaft furnace can not be influenced.
The distribution mode of sequencing the scrap steel behind the coke of the shaft furnace burden has little influence on the inherent gas flow distribution formed by the shaft furnace for a long time, and the reasonable gas flow distribution is beneficial to obtaining low shaft furnace charge column pressure difference, high gas unit consumption and high gas utilization rate by adjusting the distribution of the gas flow. A high metallization rate can thus be obtained. The general trend of the gear adjustment of the ore distribution is edge pressing and center opening, so that the development edge of the air flow is inhibited, the central air flow is properly enhanced, the retention time of the coal gas in the furnace is prolonged, the utilization efficiency of the coal gas is improved, and the energy consumption is reduced.
Compared with the conventional furnace burden, the method of the invention uses a large amount of steel scraps, the Europe and metallurgy furnace can produce 1.045t molten iron by using 1t steel scraps per time, the pig iron yield is greatly improved, the fuel can be saved by more than 0.35t per 1t steel scraps per time, the fuel consumption of the blast furnace is greatly reduced, and further, the CO of the blast furnace is reduced 2 And (4) discharging. The large-proportion smelting of the scrap steel in the furnace is more environment-friendly, economic and energy-saving.
Under the condition of normal production without adding scrap steel, the smelting rate per day is 146t/h, the yield is about 3500 tons, and after adding the scrap steel, the daily yield is increased to 4500 tons, and the yield of molten iron is increased by 1000 tons per day. The cost of scrap steel per ton is about 3000 yuan. 8.5 batches of materials are fed every hour, 204 batches of materials are fed every day, 3 tons of scrap steel are added into each batch of materials, and the yield of the blast furnace is increased by 204 multiplied by 3=612 tons every day. Scrap steel yield = (3250-3100) × 612=91800 yuan. The effect is increased by 275.4 trillion yuan per month and is increased by 0.33 hundred million yuan per year. The calculation of the benefits is only the direct economic benefits of smelting procedures of the European smelting furnace, and the energy-saving, consumption-reducing, efficiency-increasing and efficiency-increasing effects of subsequent steelmaking procedures are not calculated.
Detailed Description
A multi-element furnace burden structure iron-making method of an Ou metallurgical furnace,
1) Crushing the waste steel for later use by a double-roller rolling machine and a crusher, wherein the waste steel mainly comprises crushed materials and light thin materials;
2) Selecting a dolomite or limestone groove of a feeding belt of an ore line or a pit of any one bin associated with the feeding belt of the ore line, after an automobile unloads waste steel into the pit, conveying the waste steel to the selected waste steel bin through an original underground belt, arranging a vibrating feeding sieve and a weighing hopper at the lower part of the waste steel bin, enabling the waste steel to enter the weighing hopper by the action and vibration of the vibrating feeding sieve, interlocking the action of the vibrating feeding sieve with the small weighing hopper, setting the weighing weight, and automatically stopping the vibrating feeding sieve after the weight of the waste steel in the hopper reaches the set weighing weight;
3) Mixing the scrap steel and the coke pieces of the shaft furnace ore line according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.6-1: 1 to obtain a mixture;
4) Shaft furnace charge structure and material distribution mode:
the shaft furnace comprises the following furnace charge structures in percentage by mass: 35-45% of sintered ore, 50-60% of pellet ore, 3-5% of raw ore, 90-100kg/t of coke and 150kg/t of scrap steel;
the specific process comprises the following steps: scrap steel bin → feeding main belt → vertical sealing-tape machine → horizontal conveying belt → feeding tank → intermediate tank → blanking tank → ore distributor → shaft furnace;
adding a mixture at the top of the shaft furnace at the middle girdle of the shaft furnace according to the mass ratio of the waste steel consumption to the ore batch weight of 1: 12.5-1.5: 20, and smelting in the furnace, wherein the mass ratio of the waste steel to the coke is 1: 0.6-1: 1, and the shaft furnace adopts a mode of sintering ore → pellet → raw ore → coke oven → waste steel batch and layered charging; the alkaline sintering ore, the acid pellets, the green ore, the coke dices and the scrap steel realize an annular material distribution mode through a material distribution chute of an ore distributor, the shape of a material surface is controlled, and an edge and center airflow mode is formed; and (3) material line setting: 1.5m; setting gears: setting according to 8 gears, setting the material distribution time to be 260s, setting the initial angle to be 0 degrees and setting the final angle to be 360 degrees; the distribution of the angular difference between the gears of the distribution matrix is continuous and stable, the difference is not too large, the angular difference between the two gears is not more than 5.5 degrees at most, the distribution of the coal gas flow is adjusted, the general trend of the ore distribution gear adjustment is blank pressing and center opening, so that the development edge of the air flow is inhibited, the central air flow is enhanced, the control of a charging system is further carried out, and the distribution of the shaft furnace is adjusted;
5) The furnace burden structure and the material distribution mode of the gasification furnace are as follows: the specific process comprises the following steps: shaft furnace → DRI screw conveyer → DRI delivery conduit → DRI flap distributor → gasification furnace;
the furnace charge structure of the gasification furnace is as follows: 180kg/t of coke, 300kg/t of coal foam and 130kg/t of coal injection; adding coke and foam coal from a primary coal distributor and a secondary coal distributor at the vault of the gasification furnace in a spiral manner, wherein the specific process comprises the following steps: coke, foam coal bunker → loading main belt → vertical rubber belt machine → horizontal conveyer belt → loading bucket → intermediate tank → blanking tank → first-level coal spiral → second-level spiral → coal distributor; the coal spiral is divided into 2 groups, namely a first-level coal spiral and a second-level coal spiral, wherein the first-level coal spiral is arranged above the second-level coal spiral, the second-level coal spiral is arranged below the first-level coal spiral, the middle of the first-level coal spiral is connected with the second-level coal spiral through a compensator, the spiral speed of the second-level coal is 20% higher than that of the first-level coal spiral, the furnace burden is prevented from being extruded and compacted in the movement process, and the rotating speed of the coal spiral is 6 revolutions per minute; the time of returning the material to the center from the center to the edge of one material distribution gear in the cycle time is set to 260S, annular material distribution is adopted, the initial angle of one material distribution gear is 0, the final angle is 360 degrees, the material distribution thickness of each gear is a relative value, the material distribution time and the rotation speed of each gear, namely the number of revolutions per minute of the material distributor, can be set to 6 revolutions per minute, the rotation direction is clockwise, and different inclination angles of the material distributor correspond to different gears;
6) The gasification furnace of the Europe and metallurgy furnace adopts a dynamic coal distributor and a dynamic DRI distributor to complete the laying of the material layer structure of the gasification furnace, 11 ring gears can be set for the two distributors at the position 0-5m away from the center of the gasification furnace, each 0.5m is one ring, the DRI spiral controls the blanking amount of the sponge iron through the rotating speed, the dynamic DRI distributor controls the material distribution direction, and the dynamic continuous annular material distribution is realized;
7) Blowing decarbonized gas at the tuyere of the gasification furnace, wherein the decarbonized gas is decarbonized gas in an Ou smelting furnace, and the blowing amount is 20000 +/-3000 Nm < 3 >/h; the volume content of CO in the decarbonized coal gas is 60-75%, and the balance is H2 and a small amount of N2; the oxygen pressure is 800kPa, and the tuyere ring tube oxygen pressure is 500 kPa; blowing with total oxygen; discharging the generated liquid molten iron out of the furnace through an iron outlet, and controlling the temperature Tp of the molten iron to be more than or equal to 1490 ℃ in the smelting process;
8) The waste steel is a metallized furnace charge, and the binary basicity R2 of the slag is controlled to be 1.15 +/-0.03 in the blast furnace ironmaking smelting process by directly adopting the metallized furnace charge; meanwhile, the content of Al2O3 in the slag is controlled to be less than 15wt%, and the content of MgO is controlled to be 4-5wt%; controlling the slag tapping time to be 95 +/-10 min, controlling the tapping flow rate to be 10 +/-2 t/min, and controlling the slag tapping rate to be more than 80%;
9) The granularity of the small coke particles is 8-25mm, the average particle size range of the coke is 32-55 mm, the granularity of the sinter is more than 7-15mm, the granularity of the acid pellets is 21-26mm, and the granularity of the scrap steel is 8-30mm;
10 The crown of the gasification furnace of the pyrometallurgical furnace is pressurized and conveyed to 4 burner coal powder oxygen lances of the gasification furnace through a pipeline, oxygen is introduced through a central passage, and the coal powder and the oxygen are injected into the furnace together by a structure that coal powder is introduced from the outer side of the oxygen, so that severe gasification reaction is carried out at high temperature and high pressure, and organic matters in the coal are converted into high-temperature coal gas;
11 Adding coke and coal foam from a primary coal distributor and a secondary coal distributor at the arch crown of the gasification furnace, adding mixed fuel from the arch crown of the gasification furnace, thermally cracking to generate powder, and falling large particles to form a semi-coke bed; the function of the semicoke bed in the gasification furnace is very important, and sponge iron reduction, scrap steel melting into molten iron, ash and flux slagging are carried out in the semicoke bed. The semi-coke bed must reserve enough heat to carry out the above physical and chemical reactions, the semi-coke bed is a dynamic balance bed, and the tuyere continuously burns and consumes carbon and the coal is continuously and spirally fed to increase the carbon, so that the semi-coke bed always keeps a certain height. The method is characterized in that the balance between carbon consumed by the combustion of a tuyere and carbon added by a coal spiral is maintained, and the balance is realized by determining operation parameters through bill calculation.
Coal and coke are spirally added into the gasifier through a coal line, and scrap steel is added into the gasifier through 8 sponge iron spirals, a downcomer and a sponge iron flap valve. The coal spiral is arranged in the center of the vault, and the initial positions of coal and coke falling on the semi-coke bed are adjusted through the coal spiral gear, so that the particle size distribution and the temperature distribution of the semi-coke bed are determined. The initial position of the scrap steel falling on the semi-coke bed can be adjusted by adjusting the gear of the sponge iron flap valve.
And simultaneously controlling the temperature of the vault of the gasification furnace to 1050 +/-20 ℃, removing dust from high-temperature coal gas, mixing with the washed and cooled cold coal gas, and chilling to 820-850 ℃. Hot coal gas at 1050 ℃ is dedusted by hot cyclone, and part of the dedusted hot coal gas is cooled to 30-80 ℃ by a wet scrubber and then pressurized and returned to a coal gas pipeline at the outlet of a gasification furnace to carry out temperature distribution and cooling on the high-temperature coal gas at 1050 ℃ and stabilize the high-temperature coal gas at 850 ℃. Introducing hot coal gas of 850 ℃ into the shaft furnace, leading the hot coal gas to reversely flow with the scrap steel and other furnace charges in the shaft furnace, leading the scrap steel and other furnace charges to be in countercurrent contact with the reducing coal gas to carry out physical reaction, heating the scrap steel and other furnace charges, carrying out oxidation-reduction chemical reduction reaction on other furnace charges, and carburizing to obtain the sponge iron DRI. The waste steel and sponge iron are passed through 8 spiral conveying gasification furnaces at lower portion of shaft furnace, the gasification furnace is used for removing residual oxygen element from sponge iron by means of reduction reaction, and melting sponge iron into liquid pig iron, and removing harmful impurities [ S ], [ P ] etc. in the liquid pig iron, and the final product of the European smelting furnace is formed into qualified pig iron.
Example (b):
1. the structural ratio of the multiple furnace burden is as follows:
ore line (shaft furnace)
Coal line (gasification furnace)
2. Distributing gears:
ore line: 1/0, 2/0, 3/0, 4/0.3, 5/1, 6/1, 7/1, 8/0.2;
DRI plate turning: 1.5/0, 2.0/0, 2.5/0.3, 3.0/0.9, 3.5/0.9, 4.0/0.9, 4.5/0.9, 5.0/0.2;
coal line: 1.5/0, 2.0/0.4, 2.5/1, 3.0/1, 3.5/1, 4.0/1, 4.5/1, 5.0/0;
3. the material distributing time of the ore distributor is 260s, and the shaft furnace is charged in a material level meter mode.
Operating parameter adjustment example:
1. the smelting rate is 175 +/-5 t/h;
2. the tuyere is referenced to the unit oxygen consumption of 220 +/-10 Nm3/tHM, the total oxygen consumption of 450 +/-10 Nm3/tHM, the tuyere oxygen consumption super-guideline is not more than 2 hours, and the total oxygen consumption super-guideline is not more than 3 hours.
3. The wind speed of the tuyere is controlled to be 210 +/-5 m/s.
4. The vault temperature is controlled to be 1050-1080 ℃.
5. The plant pressure is 280 + -10 KPa.
6. The gasification furnace material level controls the fluctuation of the LIR04624 material level in each shift, and the full material level of the LIR04624 is not more than 15% in 24 h.
7. The opening of a nitrogen valve for conveying the dust burner is 15-25%.
8. Injecting decarburized gas into the tuyere for 20000m < 3 >/h;
9. controlling the temperature of the reducing gas: 860 +/-10 ℃, and 15-25KPa of pressure difference is added into the coal gas pressurizer.
10. The pressure difference of the shaft furnace is controlled to be not higher than 80 KPa, and the fluctuation of the pressure difference before and after distribution is controlled to be within 15 KPa. The pressure difference of the surrounding pipe is controlled to be not higher than 45KPa, and the unit consumption reference quantity of the top gas is 780-830 m 3 H is used as the reference value. Controlling the parameters of the shaft furnace according to the temperature of the top of the shaft furnace being less than or equal to 350 ℃.
11. The temperature of furnace charge (INBURD) is lower than 920 ℃, and the temperature of red line is 925 ℃;
12. the material level control of the shaft furnace takes a mechanical average detecting ruler as a standard: 1.5m, 2.0 m mechanical corresponding to 17.9-18.3m radar.
12. The control method of the gas flow of the top of the shaft furnace is controlled by manual opening, the upper limit and the lower limit of each operation are not more than +/-5%, four plus-minus buttons of Inching mode% in a picture are mainly used for operation, the buttons are clicked once each time, and the operation is confirmed by returning after the fact that the change data are correct is determined manually.
13. Temperature of molten iron: target value 1470-1520 ℃, [ Si ]:0.8 plus or minus 0.2 percent;
14. the CO2 content of the cold coal gas is 6-9%.
Claims (1)
1. A multi-element furnace burden structure iron-making method of an Ou smelting furnace is characterized in that:
1) Crushing the waste steel for later use by a double-roller rolling machine and a crusher, wherein the waste steel mainly comprises crushed materials and light thin materials;
2) Selecting a dolomite or limestone groove of a feeding belt of an ore line or a pit of any one bin associated with the feeding belt of the ore line, conveying the scrap steel to the selected scrap steel bin through an original underground belt after an automobile unloads the scrap steel into the pit, arranging a vibrating feed screen and a weighing hopper at the lower part of the scrap steel bin, enabling the scrap steel to enter the weighing hopper by the action and vibration of the vibrating feed screen, interlocking the action of the vibrating feed screen with the small weighing hopper, setting the weighing weight, and automatically stopping the vibrating feed screen after the weight of the scrap steel in the hopper reaches the set weighing weight;
3) Mixing the scrap steel and the coke pieces of the shaft furnace ore line according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.6-1: 1 to obtain a mixture;
4) Shaft furnace charge structure and material distribution mode:
the shaft furnace comprises the following furnace charge structures in percentage by mass: 35-45% of sintered ore, 50-60% of pellet ore, 3-5% of raw ore, 90-100kg/t of nut coke and 150kg/t of scrap steel;
the specific process comprises the following steps: scrap steel silo → main feeding belt → vertical sealing-tape machine → horizontal conveying belt → feeding tank → intermediate tank → blanking tank → ore distributor → shaft furnace;
adding a mixture at the top of the shaft furnace at the middle ring belt of the shaft furnace according to the mass ratio of the waste steel consumption to the ore batch weight of 1: 12.5-1.5: 20, charging for smelting, wherein the mass ratio of the waste steel to the coke is 1: 0.6-1: 1, and the shaft furnace adopts a mode of sintering ore → pellet → raw ore → coke oven → waste steel batch and layered charging; the method comprises the following steps of (1) realizing an annular material distribution mode by a material distribution chute of an ore distributor for sintered ore, pellet ore, green ore, coke breeze and scrap steel, and controlling the shape of a material surface to form an edge and center airflow mode; the material line is arranged: 1.5m; setting gears: setting according to 8 gears, wherein the material distribution time is 260s, the initial angle is 0 degree, and the final angle is 360 degrees; the distribution of the angular difference between the gears of the distribution matrix is continuous and stable, the difference is not too large, the angular difference between the two gears is not more than 5.5 degrees at most, the distribution of the coal gas flow is adjusted, the general trend of the ore distribution gear adjustment is blank pressing and center opening, so that the development edge of the air flow is inhibited, the central air flow is enhanced, the control of a charging system is further carried out, and the distribution of the shaft furnace is adjusted;
5) The structure and the material distribution mode of the furnace burden of the gasification furnace are as follows: the specific process comprises the following steps: shaft furnace → DRI screw conveyer → DRI conveying pipe → DRI turning plate distributor → gasification furnace;
the furnace charge structure of the gasification furnace is as follows: 180kg/t of coke, 300kg/t of foam coal and 130kg/t of coal injection; adding coke and foam coal from a primary coal distributor and a secondary coal distributor at the vault of the gasification furnace in a spiral manner, wherein the specific process comprises the following steps: coke, foam coal bunker → loading main belt → vertical rubber belt machine → horizontal conveyer belt → loading bucket → intermediate tank → blanking tank → first-level coal spiral → second-level spiral → coal distributor; the coal spiral is divided into 2 groups, namely a first-level coal spiral and a second-level coal spiral, wherein the first-level coal spiral is arranged above the second-level coal spiral, the second-level coal spiral is arranged below the first-level coal spiral, the middle of the first-level coal spiral is connected with the second-level coal spiral through a compensator, the spiral speed of the second-level coal is 20% higher than that of the first-level coal spiral, the furnace burden is prevented from being extruded and compacted in the movement process, and the rotating speed of the coal spiral is 6 revolutions per minute; the time of returning the material to the center from the center to the edge of one material distribution gear in the cycle time is set to 260S, annular material distribution is adopted, the initial angle of one material distribution gear is 0, the final angle is 360 degrees, the material distribution thickness of each gear is a relative value, the material distribution time and the rotation speed of each gear, namely the number of revolutions per minute of the material distributor, can be set to 6 revolutions per minute, the rotation direction is clockwise, and different inclination angles of the material distributor correspond to different gears;
6) The gasification furnace of the Europe and metallurgy furnace adopts a dynamic coal distributor and a dynamic DRI distributor to cooperate to finish the laying of the material layer structure of the gasification furnace, 11 ring gears can be set on the gasification furnace at a distance of 0-5m from the center of the gasification furnace by the two distributors, each 0.5m is a ring, the DRI spiral controls the blanking amount of sponge iron through the rotating speed, the dynamic DRI distributor controls the material distribution direction, and the dynamic continuous annular material distribution is realized;
7) Blowing decarbonized gas at the tuyere of the gasification furnace, wherein the decarbonized gas is decarbonized gas in an Ou smelting furnace, and the blowing amount is 20000 +/-3000 Nm < 3 >/h; the volume content of CO in the decarbonized coal gas is 60-75 percent, and the balance is H2 and a small amount of N2; the oxygen pressure is 800kPa, and the tuyere can be 500 kPa; blowing with total oxygen; discharging the generated liquid molten iron out of the furnace through an iron outlet, and controlling the temperature Tp of the molten iron to be more than or equal to 1490 ℃ in the smelting process;
8) The waste steel is a metallized furnace charge, and the binary basicity R2 of the slag is controlled to be 1.15 +/-0.03 in the blast furnace ironmaking smelting process by directly adopting the metallized furnace charge; meanwhile, the content of Al2O3 in the slag is controlled to be less than 15wt%, and the content of MgO is controlled to be 4-5wt%; controlling the slag tapping time to be 95 +/-10 min, controlling the tapping flow rate to be 10 +/-2 t/min, and controlling the slag tapping rate to be more than 80%;
9) The granularity of the small coke particles is 8-25mm, the average particle size range of the coke is 32-55 mm, the granularity of the sinter is more than 7-15mm, the granularity of the acid pellets is 21-26mm, and the granularity of the scrap steel is 8-30mm;
10 The crown of the gasification furnace of the pyrometallurgical furnace is pressurized and conveyed to 4 burner coal powder oxygen lances of the gasification furnace through a pipeline, oxygen is introduced by utilizing a central passage, the coal powder and the oxygen are injected into the furnace together by utilizing a structure that the coal powder is introduced from the outer side of the oxygen, severe gasification reaction is carried out at high temperature and high pressure, and organic matters in the coal are converted into high-temperature coal gas;
11 Coke and foam coal are added by a primary coal distributor and a secondary coal distributor at the arch top of the gasification furnace in a spiral manner, mixed fuel is added from the arch top of the gasification furnace and then thermally cracked to generate powder, and large particles fall down to form a semi-coke bed; controlling the temperature of the vault of the gasification furnace to 1050 +/-20 ℃, dedusting high-temperature coal gas, adding washed and cooled cold coal gas to chill to 820-850 ℃, dedusting 1050 ℃ hot coal gas by hot cyclone, cooling a part of the dedusted hot coal gas to 30-80 ℃ by a wet scrubber, pressurizing and returning the cooled hot coal gas to a coal gas pipeline at the outlet of the gasification furnace to carry out temperature distribution and cooling on the high-temperature coal gas at 1050 ℃ to stabilize the temperature at 850 ℃, introducing 850 ℃ hot coal gas into the shaft furnace, leading the hot coal gas to reversely flow with scrap steel and other furnace burden in the shaft furnace, and leading the scrap steel and other furnace burden to be in countercurrent contact with the reduced coal gas to obtain sponge iron DRI, and leading the scrap steel and the sponge iron to pass through 8 spiral conveying gasification furnaces at the lower part of the shaft furnace to generate qualified pig iron.
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