CN1036075C - Fusion reducing iron smelting method and its equipment - Google Patents
Fusion reducing iron smelting method and its equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN1036075C CN1036075C CN94115073A CN94115073A CN1036075C CN 1036075 C CN1036075 C CN 1036075C CN 94115073 A CN94115073 A CN 94115073A CN 94115073 A CN94115073 A CN 94115073A CN 1036075 C CN1036075 C CN 1036075C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method and a device for making iron by fusion and reduction, which belongs to the fixed of smelting iron melt by a direct reduction method. Cold bonded carbonaceous pellets are used as raw materials, and coal is used as an energy resource and a reducer. Raw materials are prereduced in a shaft furnace, and are finally reduced in a vertical iron bath furnace; the shaft furnace and the vertical iron bath furnace are connected by an intermediate hopper, and the mixed carbon content of the cold bonded carbonaceous pellets is from 6 to 20%. The pellets need to pass through the four regions of a dry zone, a preheating zone, a reduction zone and a soaking zone in the prereducing process of the shaft furnace, the temperature of coal gas entering the shaft furnace is from 1100 to 1300 DEG C, the final reduction temperature is from 1500 to 1700 DEG C, and coal dust, limestone, oxygen gas or air can be injected into the furnace in the final reduction process.
Description
The invention belongs to direct-reduction process smelting molten iron field.Mainly be applicable to the direct smelting molten iron of powdered iron ore and coal dust.
Melting and reducing is as a great novel process of field of metallurgy, its principal feature be available mill coal as primary energy source and reductive agent, and be that ferric oxide is reduced under molten state, has briquet replacing coke, flow process is short, significantly improves environmental pollution, reduces advantages such as initial cost and production cost.It is the method for following Iron industry development, also is the key areas that present various countries Iron And Steel Industry is is competitively researched and developed.
In the method for existing melting, reducing and smelting molten iron, main have COREX method (ZL87108012), DIOS method (CN1035136A), a HISMELT method (CN1037542A).Wherein the COREX method has begun to take shape the throughput of certain scale, and other two kinds still under test.The principal character of COREX method be with acid pellet or lump ore as raw material, adopt prereduction and reduction two step method eventually; Prereduction is carried out in MIDREX formula shaft furnace (US3764123), and reduction is finished in melting gasification furnace eventually.Though the COREX method has obtained breakthrough success, but still have some shortcomings, low as productivity, coal consumption oxygen consumption is high, and investment is big, equipment complexity etc.Compare with existing advanced blast furnace, still lack competitiveness.
Application number provides a kind of carbonaceous pelletizing for 93114553.8 Chinese patent application---the molten iron bath reduction ironmaking method.Its feature is to be raw material with the cold-bonded carbonic pellet, on its method, adopts prereduction---iron-bath molten reduction two step method and iron are bathed molten two kinds of the single stage method of now reducing.When adopting two step method, the prereduction temperature is 850～1250 ℃, and whole reduction temperature is 1400～1550C; Prereduction is carried out in pre-reducing furnace, and reduction is carried out in horizontal or vertical iron liquid furnace eventually.Though it is the iron smelting method of the melting and reducing of raw material that this patent application has proposed with cold-bonded carbonic pellet, but the concrete device of prereduction and the processing parameter that can specifically implement are not proposed, the buffer device and the method that between prereduction and whole reduction, do not have gas and pre-reduced pellet, in case a certain link goes wrong, will influence carrying out smoothly of whole process, also can't regulate simultaneously, each link is coordinated difficulty, to implementing to bring certain difficulty.
The object of the present invention is to provide that a kind of investment is little, cost is low, productivity is high, be easy to method for melting reduction iron making and the device thereof regulating and implement.
According to above-mentioned purpose, the present invention has adopted following main technical schemes: be raw material with the cold-bonded carbonic pellet, act as a fuel and reductive agent with mill coal; Melting and reducing adopts prereduction and reduces two step method eventually; Prereduction is carried out in minute shaft furnace of band, and reduction is carried out in being sealed with the vertical iron liquid furnace of pressure eventually.
Fused reduction iron-smelting device of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, promptly accompanying drawing 1 is the structural representation of fused reduction iron-smelting device of the present invention.
Among Fig. 1,1 is former feed bin, and 2 is distributor, 3 is shaft furnace, and in shaft furnace 3,3-1 is an arid zones, 3-2 is the preheating zone, and 3-3 is a zone of reduction, and 3-4 is the soaking zone, 4 is pair roller discharge machine, and 5 is intermediate bin, and 6 is screw feeder, 7 is vertical enclosed iron liquid furnace, and 8 is slag notch, and 9 is iron notch, 1O is the oxygen rifle, and 11 is coal bunker, and 12 is the Wingdale spray gun, 13 is whole reducing gas output tube, and 14 is hot precipitator, and 15 is the shaft furnace combustion chamber, 16 is the combustion air pipeline, 17 are the prereduction waste gas pipeline, and 18 is tornado dust collector, and 19 is the shaft furnace gas entry, 20 is slag, and 21 is molten iron.
One intermediate bin 5 is arranged between reduction shaft furnace 3 and the vertical sealed iron liquid furnace 7, and the top of intermediate bin 5 joins by pair roller material discharging machine 4 and shaft furnace 3, and the bottom links to each other with vertical enclosed iron liquid furnace 7 by screw(-type) feeder 6. The shaft furnace cross section is rectangle, and the undersized of shaft furnace top dry zone 3-1, preheating zone 3-2 and zone of reduction 3-3 is in lower dimension, shaft angle α1Be that 10～14 ° of soaking zone 3-4 also claim equal hot cell, its upper dimension is slightly larger than lower dimension, inclination alpha2Be 8～10 °, shaft furnace combustion chamber 15 next-door neighbour's zone of reduction 3-3, the perpendicular angle α that protects gas entry 19 and horizontal plane3It is 30～45 °; Groove and wolf's fang tooth are arranged on each roller of water-cooled pair roller material discharging machine 4, and whole reduction reactor 7 is a vertical enclosed iron liquid furnace.
Method for melting reduction iron making of the present invention is as follows:
1, with the cold-bonded carbonic pellet is raw material, acts as a fuel and reductive agent with mill coal.
The moiety of cold-bonded carbonic pellet (weight %) is: fine iron breeze 80.5～85%, coal dust 12～17%, binding agent 1～3%.
The mixed carbon comtent of cold-bonded carbonic pellet (weight %) is: 6～20%;
Cold-bonded carbonic pellet forms with the compacting of pair roller ball press.The green-ball of compacting can use directly into stove or drying fed to boiler.
2, prereduction
The prereduction of cold-bonded carbonic ball is carried out in shaft furnace 3.This shaft furnace is divided into four districts (band) from top to bottom: arid zones 3-1, preheating zone 3-2, zone of reduction 3-3 and soaking zone 3-4.The prereduction process of cold-bonded carbonic pellet in shaft furnace 3 is actually the counterflow heat exchange process of carbonaceous pelletizing and heating gas.Cold-bonded carbonic pellet is operation from top to bottom in shaft furnace 3, and heating gas enters shaft furnace 3 by gas entry 19, and operation from lower to upper.Now that the prereduction process division of cold-bonded carbonic pellet in shaft furnace 3 is as follows:
[1] carbonaceous pelletizing is at arid zones
Cold-bonded carbonic pellet is evenly distributed in the arid zones 3-1 of shaft furnace 3 by the distributor 2 of former feed bin 1 through shaft furnace 3 ingress.Because the heat that heating gas rises and to bring, the temperature range of arid zones 3-1 are room temperature～300 ℃, and the remaining moisture content of carbonaceous pelletizing is evaporated, and reach drying purpose.
[2] enter preheating zone 3-2 after the carbonaceous pelletizing drying band 3-1 drying, pelletizing is heated to 1150 ℃ from about 300 ℃, and promptly the temperature range of preheating zone 3-2 is 300～1150 ℃.In this course, the high price ferriferous oxide will take place by CO in the coal gas and H
2Be reduced into the reaction of ferriferous oxide at a low price, meanwhile, the formation reaction of the direct reduction reactor and the fayalite of part carbon also takes place in the coal generation decomposition reaction in the pelletizing.Above-mentioned reaction formula is as follows:
[3] carbonaceous pelletizing enters zone of reduction 3-3
The temperature range of zone of reduction 3-3 is 1150～1250 ℃.The low price ferriferous oxide directly is reduced to metallic iron by the C in the pelletizing reaction mainly takes place at zone of reduction.That is:
In this zone, degree of metalization can reach 70%.
[4] pelletizing enters the soaking zone
Pelletizing enters soaking zone 3-4, the temperature of reducting pellet be 1250 ℃～below 1000 ℃, it is metallic iron that FeO continues by carbon reduction.Pelletizing is in whole prereduction process, and its degree of metalization can reach 80%, and promptly pelletizing can reach 80% at the degree of metalization in shaft furnace 3 exits.
The required coal gas of prereduction process is provided by the gas of the generations such as decomposition that oxygen coal combustion, oxide compound reduction and coal take place in the whole reduction reactor 7.The coal gas of reduction generation enters hot precipitator 14 through coal gas output tube 13 eventually, enters shaft furnace combustion chamber 15 behind high-temperature dust removal, utilizes the air by combustion air pipeline 16 input combustion chambers 15 to carry out combustion-supporting.The gas temperature of whole reduction reactor 7 outputs reaches 1600～1700 ℃, it is temperature required to be higher than prereduction, for this reason, utilize the prereduction waste gas of the lower reduction shaft furnace of temperature 3 tops output after tornado dust collector 18 dedustings, to import in the combustion chamber 15, regulate gas temperature, the gas temperature that enters in the reduction shaft furnace 3 is remained in 1100～1300 ℃ of scopes.Simultaneously, in combustion chamber 15, can also regulate the temperature and the composition of the prereduction gas that enters in the reduction shaft furnace 3, make the prereduction stable operation, and can guarantee to satisfy the required heat of thermal equilibrium of prereduction process by changing the burning degree of coal gas.
3, reduction eventually
The reduction at end of pelletizing is carried out in vertical enclosed iron liquid furnace 7.
In the exit of reduction shaft furnace 3, the pelletizing of prereduction enters in the intermediate bin 5 through pair roller discharge machine 4, with high-temperature spiral material feeder 6 pelletizing is added in the vertical enclosed iron liquid furnace 7 again.By in the decline process of the pelletizing of prereduction in vertical enclosed iron liquid furnace 7, because 3～5% remaining carbon is gone back in pelletizing inside, so can be not oxidized.And pelletizing enters eventually and also can continue to take place the autoreduction reaction behind the vertical enclosed iron liquid furnace 7 of reduction, reaches higher degree of metalization; Reduce the oxidisability of slag.
In vertical enclosed iron liquid furnace 7, mainly carry out reactions such as whole reduction, fusing, carburizing and the separation of slag iron.Its reaction formula is as follows:
Whole reduction temperature is 1500～1700 ℃, and required reductive agent and heat in the reduction melting process the remaining carbon in pelletizing, mainly supplied with by the coal that adds in the vertical enclosed iron liquid furnace 7 eventually.Coal dust or coal cinder are by coal bunker 11 inputs.By oxygen rifle 10, be blown into oxygen or air in the whole reduction process, cut down the consumption of energy to vertical iron liquid furnace 7.Because the input of oxygen or air will produce secondary combustion, the heat that secondary combustion produces imports the molten bath into through slag blanket, also can bring heat into molten bath as thermal barrier by the Wingdale of Wingdale spray gun 12 inputs, and secondary combustion thermo-efficiency can reach more than 80%.Adding the purpose of Wingdale, is in basicity 1.1～1.2 scopes of controlling slag.When reducing eventually, furnace pressure is 0.5～1.5Kg/cm
2
The coal gas that the present invention is produced in whole technological process is except that satisfying processing requirement of the present invention, and remainder also can use for other purposes.
In whole reduction process, the gas temperature of being exported by whole reducing gas output tube 13 is 1600～1700 ℃.
In whole reduction process, also need control following parameter:
The post-combustion rate of coal is 5～20%, and the coal particle size that is added by coal bunker is 3-25mm, and coal dust can be sprayed in the iron bath by Wingdale spray gun 12 or oxygen rifle 10, and molten iron temperature is 1450～1500 ℃.Shaft furnace output gas temperature is 200～300 ℃.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following characteristics:
[1] because powdered iron ore and coal dust specific surface area are big, be evenly distributed in pelletizing inside, contact conditions is good, conducts heat, mass transfer velocity is fast, the speed of response height.Can utilize high temperature low-quality coal gas to realize quick autoreduction.Therefore, there is very high productivity (approximately can reach 6-10t/m
3.d).
[2] because there is certain remaining carbon pre-reduced pellet inside, when entering whole reduction reactor, have certain resistance of oxidation, and can proceed the autoreduction reaction, improve the pelletizing degree of metalization, reduce slag oxidation, but extending furnace lining life.
Post-combustion rate is not high when [3] reducing eventually, can obtain higher combustion thermal efficiency, and operation control easily.
[4] because the prereduction degree of pelletizing is higher, and FeO content is few in the slag, and lining erosion speed is slow, production cost is low, the equipment operation rate height.
[5] respectively there is a combustion chamber reduction shaft furnace both sides, can regulate the temperature and the composition of prereduction gas by the burning degree of control coal gas, make the prereduction stable operation, and the heat of the thermal equilibrium needs of prereduction process are satisfied in assurance.
[6] because the special construction of the discharge device of prereduction can be eliminated the detrimentally affect of prereduction generation bonding to the operation direct motion.
[7] less investment, cost is low, equipment is simple, productivity is high, wide adaptability, handiness are strong.
[8] have the calorific value residual gas of some amount to export, a gas balance of can buying car in installments uses.
Embodiment
Adopt method for melting reduction iron making of the present invention and device, carried out utilizing for 8 times powdered iron ore and the direct smelt iron water test of coal dust.The composition proportion of the cold-bonded carbonic pellet that is adopted is as shown in table 1, and the composition of used coal dust is as shown in table 2.
Prereduction is carried out in small-sized shaft furnace.At first will be with the coal gas (CO87%H of producer gas generator preparation
213%) feeds the shaft furnace combustion chamber, and feed the combustion air burning, and regulate its gas composition and temperature, introduce in the shaft furnace then with cooled coal gas.The cold fixed pelletizing that contains adds from the shaft furnace furnace roof.Pelletizing and heating gas form adverse current in shaft furnace.Pelletizing experiences four bands (district) from top to bottom, and the temperature of each band is as shown in table 3.
Reduction is carried out in the 100Kg induction furnace eventually.At first, form molten iron bath, then outage with a certain amount of pig iron fusing.Then begin to bath lancing and coal injection, Wingdale, form the pelletizing that in stove, adds continuously behind certain slag through prereduction, and begin to measure pelletizing amount, winding-up amount of oxygen, coal gas amount and the Wingdale amount of adding.Every putting primary slag in ten minutes by cinder notch, whenever going out iron one time after going out twice slag, carry out whole reduction continuously.Whole reduction temperature is listed table 3 in, and the ton iron consumption and the index of test are as shown in table 4.It is as shown in table 5 finally respectively to test the gained hot metal composition.
Table 1 is implemented the moiety (weight %) of cold-bonded carbonic pellet
The moiety (weight %) of the used coal dust of table 2 embodiment
| Fixed carbon | Fugitive constituent (16%) ash (12%) | ||||||||
| C(％) | H | N | S | O | H 2O | SiO | CaO | Al 2O 3 | MgO |
| 72 | 41.1 | 6.3 | 3.6 | 39.8 | 9.26 | 45.7 | 6.55 | 34.2 | 3.5 |
Table 3 embodiment prereduction and whole reduction temperature parameter
The ton of table 4 embodiment consumes and index
The final hot metal composition of table 5 embodiment (weight %)
Claims (8)
1, a kind of method for melting reduction iron making is a raw material with the cold-bonded carbonic pellet, is the energy and reductive agent with the coal; Cold-bonded carbonic pellet carries out prereduction earlier in reduction shaft furnace, then carry out whole reduction in whole reduction reactor, in whole reduction process, adds coal dust and spray into oxygen or air in reactor, it is characterized in that:
[1] moiety of cold-bonded carbonic pellet (weight %) is: fine iron breeze 80.5～85%, coal dust 12～17%, binding agent 1～3%;
[2] mixed carbon comtent of cold-bonded carbonic pellet (weight %) is: 6～20%;
[3] prereduction is carried out in shaft furnace (3);
[4] pelletizing is in the prereduction process of shaft furnace, successively experiences arid zones (3-1), preheating zone (3-2), zone of reduction (3-3) and soaking zone (3-4); The temperature range of four bands (district) is: arid zones is room temperature～300 ℃, and the preheating zone is 300～1150 ℃, and zone of reduction is 1150～1250 ℃, soaking zone 1250～～1000 ℃;
[5] gas temperature that enters in the reduction shaft furnace (3) is 1100～1300 ℃;
[6] reduction is carried out in vertical enclosed iron liquid furnace (7) eventually;
[7] whole reduction temperature is 1500～1700 ℃;
[8] the required coal gas of prereduction process is provided by the middle gas that the generations such as decomposition of oxygen coal combustion, oxide compound reduction and coal take place of whole reduction reactor (7).
2, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the gas temperature of the vertical enclosed iron liquid furnace of reduction (7) output is 1600～1700 ℃ eventually.
3, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that in whole reduction process, the alkali of slag becomes: 1～1.2.
4, method according to claim 1, when it is characterized in that reduction eventually, furnace pressure is 0.5～1.5Kg/cm
2
5, method according to claim 1, the temperature of each zone of shaft furnace is controlled by the gas composition, temperature and the flow that enter shaft furnace (3) when it is characterized in that prereduction.
6, a kind of fused reduction iron-smelting device comprises pre-reducing furnace, whole reduction reactor, connects gas conveying tube road, fly-ash separator and end reducing furnace coal dust and the oxygen adding apparatus of pre-reducing furnace and end reducing furnace, it is characterized in that:
[1] pre-reducing furnace is shaft furnace (3); Whole reduction reactor is vertical enclosed iron liquid furnace (7);
[2] reduction shaft furnace (3) is divided into arid zones (3-1), preheating zone (3-2), zone of reduction (3-3) and soaking zone (3-4) four districts from top to bottom;
[3] have intermediate bin (5) to link to each other between shaft furnace (3) and the vertical enclosed iron liquid furnace (7), the top of intermediate bin (5) joins by pair roller discharge machine (4) and shaft furnace (3), and the bottom joins by screw feeder (6) and vertical enclosed iron liquid furnace (7);
[4] on the vertical enclosed iron liquid furnace of reduction (7) a Wingdale spray gun is arranged eventually.
7, device according to claim 6 is characterized in that the stack angle α of shaft furnace (3)
1Be 10～14 °, the inclination alpha in equal hot cell (3-4)
2It is 8～10 °.
8, device according to claim 6 is characterized in that the angle α of shaft furnace gas entry (19) and horizontal plane
3It is 30～45 °.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN94115073A CN1036075C (en) | 1994-08-27 | 1994-08-27 | Fusion reducing iron smelting method and its equipment |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN94115073A CN1036075C (en) | 1994-08-27 | 1994-08-27 | Fusion reducing iron smelting method and its equipment |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1102440A CN1102440A (en) | 1995-05-10 |
| CN1036075C true CN1036075C (en) | 1997-10-08 |
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| CN94115073A Expired - Fee Related CN1036075C (en) | 1994-08-27 | 1994-08-27 | Fusion reducing iron smelting method and its equipment |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1302123C (en) * | 2001-03-16 | 2007-02-28 | 鲍林·格林公司考尔德伦能源公司 | Method and apparatus for practicing carbonaceous-based metallurgy |
| CN100455678C (en) * | 2006-01-25 | 2009-01-28 | 中冶赛迪工程技术股份有限公司 | Smelting reduction furnace coal-injection process |
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| DE19518343C2 (en) * | 1995-05-18 | 1997-08-21 | Tech Resources Pty Ltd | Melting reduction process with increased effectiveness |
| CN1059706C (en) * | 1996-09-28 | 2000-12-20 | 北京科技大学 | Gas circulative reduction smelting process for carbon containing pellets |
| CN1073628C (en) * | 1999-10-27 | 2001-10-24 | 冶金工业部钢铁研究总院 | Final reduction apparatus and method for fused reduction iron-smelting |
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| JP4860003B2 (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2012-01-25 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | Vertical shaft furnace, ferro-coke manufacturing equipment provided with the vertical shaft furnace, and ferro-coke manufacturing method using the ferro-coke manufacturing equipment |
| CN102206725A (en) * | 2011-05-05 | 2011-10-05 | 刘元生 | Process for producing and reducing iron powder through two-step method |
| CN102628091B (en) * | 2011-07-12 | 2014-07-02 | 刘元生 | Technology for producing molten iron by three-step method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1302123C (en) * | 2001-03-16 | 2007-02-28 | 鲍林·格林公司考尔德伦能源公司 | Method and apparatus for practicing carbonaceous-based metallurgy |
| CN100455678C (en) * | 2006-01-25 | 2009-01-28 | 中冶赛迪工程技术股份有限公司 | Smelting reduction furnace coal-injection process |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1102440A (en) | 1995-05-10 |
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