CA2665763A1 - Method and device for producing molten material - Google Patents
Method and device for producing molten material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2665763A1 CA2665763A1 CA002665763A CA2665763A CA2665763A1 CA 2665763 A1 CA2665763 A1 CA 2665763A1 CA 002665763 A CA002665763 A CA 002665763A CA 2665763 A CA2665763 A CA 2665763A CA 2665763 A1 CA2665763 A1 CA 2665763A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- melt gasifier
- recirculated
- carbon dioxide
- reduction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 120
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 23
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010310 metallurgical process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011268 retreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0006—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0006—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
- C21B13/0013—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state introduction of iron oxide into a bath of molten iron containing a carbon reductant
- C21B13/002—Reduction of iron ores by passing through a heated column of carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/14—Multi-stage processes processes carried out in different vessels or furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/14—Multi-stage processes processes carried out in different vessels or furnaces
- C21B13/143—Injection of partially reduced ore into a molten bath
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/20—Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases
- C21B2100/22—Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases by reforming
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/20—Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases
- C21B2100/28—Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases by separation
- C21B2100/282—Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases by separation of carbon dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/60—Process control or energy utilisation in the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/64—Controlling the physical properties of the gas, e.g. pressure or temperature
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C2100/00—Exhaust gas
- C21C2100/06—Energy from waste gas used in other processes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/122—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by capturing or storing CO2
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for producing molten material, wherein oxygen, reducing agents and iron that has been reduced in a reduction reactor (1) are introduced into a melter gasifier (3). The reducing agent is gasified with the oxygen and the heat thereby produced melts the reduced iron. The coupling gas from the melter gasifier (3) is used at least as a portion of the reduction gas, reacted top gas is withdrawn from the reduction reactor (1). The aim of the invention is to increase energy efficiency and raw material efficiency as well as productivity while at the same time obtaining metallurgically improved properties of the product. For this purpose, at least a portion of the top gas is branched off from the line (9) for the withdrawal of the top gas from the reduction reactor (1) and is returned via at least one return line (13, 18) leading to the melter gasifier (3) and is introduced into the melter gasifier (3).
Description
Method and device for producing molten material The invention relates to a method for production of molten metal, oxygen, reducing agent and iron reduced in a reduction reactor being introduced into a melt gasifier, the reducing agent being gasified with the oxygen, and the reduced iron being melted by means of the heat which in this case occurs, the cupola gas from the melt gasifier being used as at least a fraction of the reduction gas, and reacted top gas being drawn off from the reduction reactor, and also to a plant for carrying out the method, with a reduction reactor, with a melt gasifier having an oxygen supply and with a supply system for reducing agent, at least one line for supplying the cupola gas from the melt gasifier into the reduction reactor and at least one line for drawing off the top gas from the reduction reactor.
In blast furnaces, various carbon-containing gases, such as natural gas, coke oven gas, etc., are injected via the tuyers or in the bosh plane, with the aim of saving coke and increasing profitability, as already described, for example, in GB 883 998 A. An injection of blast furnace gas is not economical because of the high C02r N2 and low H2 content.
In melt-reduction plants, as described, for example, in DE 36 28 102 Al, oxygen with a temperature of 25 C and a purity of > 95% by volume is injected via nozzles into the melt gasifier, in order to gasify the reducing agents (predominantly coal and coal briquets) and make available the heat required for melting the reduced iron. The cupola gas of the melt gasifier (ESV) is used for indirect reduction in a fixed-bed reduction shaft (FBRS) or in fluidized-bed reactors (WSR).
Owing to the lack of utilization of gas in the FBRS or WSR, a PCT/EP2007/008514 - la -high specific coal or coal briquet consumption and a high energy excess in the export gas are obtained.
Coupling the operation of the melt gasifier with the reduction reactor affords a fluctuating metallization of the iron slurry of 70-90%.
For example, a rise in the char-bed and cupola temperature in the melt gasifier leads to a reduced required oxygen quantity, therefore also to a decrease in the reduction gas. As a result of this decrease, the metallization in the fixed-bed reduction shaft or fluidized-bed reactor also falls, thus, in turn, causing a drop in the char-bed and cupola temperature in the melt gasifier. However, this leads to a higher oxygen requirement, and therefore the quantity of reduction gas rises and metallization increases again. Owing to the long control system, therefore, it is not possible to have a stable operation of the melt gasifier (due, inter alia, to coal breakdown), thus resulting in higher specific reducing agent consumptions.
Further, the adiabatic flame temperature (RAFT) occurring during the gasification of the coal with oxygen lies above 3000 C (theoretic), with the result that the reduction of the Si02 into Si is promoted and therefore the pig iron may have high silicon contents. Consequently, additional retreatment is often necessary in order to achieve the desired Si values of 0.4-0.5% by weight.
The purified export gas, which is composed of the blast furnace gas from the direct reduction assembly and of the cupola gas from the melt gasifier, has the following typical analysis at 1.5 barg: CO 45% by volume, C02 30% by volume, H2 19% by volume, H20 3% by volume and N2 3% by volume. Owing to the gas excess, it has to be delivered for utilization and overall energy optimization.
The object of the present invention, therefore, was- to specify a method and a plant, as initially described, in which, along with an increased energy and raw material efficiency, PCT/EP2007/008514 - 2a -productivity can also be increased, while at the same time metallurgically better properties of the product are obtained.
To achieve this object, according to the invention, the method is characterized in that at least part of the drawn-off top gas is introduced into the melt gasifier. As a result of this injection, significant savings of coal and coal briquets as reducing agents in the melt gasifier are possible, these being replaced by the supply of reductants (CO, H2) from the recirculation gas. Moreover, a cooling of the raceway and of the char-bed is achievedby a directed lowering of the flame temperature which is obtained by virtue of the endothermal reaction of the coal, coal briquets or coke with the gas constituents and the cracking of the methane.
Advantageously, in this case, the recirculated gas is compressed.
According to a further advantageous variant of the method, there is provision for the recirculated gas to be cooled, between compression and introduction into the melt gasifier, preferably to 30 to 50 C, and for the carbon dioxide content to be reduced, preferably to 2 to 3% by volume. The advantage of this is a higher gas quantity in the char-bed for indirect gas reduction, that is to say more reduction work performed in the melt gasifier.
If, according to a further variant, at least part of the recirculated gas is only compressed, at least a further part of the recirculated gas is only cooled and its carbon dioxide content reduced, and the compressed gas and the carbon dioxide-reduced gas are mixed before introduction into the melt gasifier, the influencing of the properties in the melt gasifier can be metered even more accurately.
For this purpose, there may also be provision for the recirculated and at most cooled and carbon dioxide-reduced gas to be heated before introduction into the melt gasifier, preferably using a part stream of the recirculated gas as fuel gas. By the recirculation gas being preheated, the recirculatable gas quantity can be maximized, without the adiabatic flame temperature (RAFT) falling below an undesirably low limit, with disadvantages for metallurgy. This results in an additional advantageous reduction of the use of raw PCT/EP2007/008514 - 3a -materials and an additional possibility for monitoring the process.
According to a method variant according to the invention, there may be provision for at least one part stream of the recirculated gas to be reformed with higher hydrocarbons, using a further part stream of the recirculated gas as fuel gas.
In this case, advantageously, the reformed recirculated gas can be mixed with the only compressed and/or the cooled and carbon dioxide-reduced gas before introduction into the melt gasifier.
According to an advantageous method variant, there is provision, further, for particles cotransported in the cupola gas to be separated and recirculated into the melt gasifier, a part stream of the only compressed and/or of the cooled and carbon dioxide-reduced gas being admixed for the transport of the recirculated particles.
According to a method variant according to the invention, there may be provision for the theoretical adiabatic flame temperature in the raceway to be controlled by means of the quantity and/or temperature and/or CO2 fraction of the recirculated gas, with the result that a directed control of the metallurgical processes becomes possible.
As a result of each individual possibility of action of those described, but also due to combinations of these, an efficient control of the theoretic adiabatic flame temperature in the raceway is possible.
The plant described initially is characterized, according to the invention, in order to achieve the object, by at least one return line branching off from the line for the top gas and leading into the melt gasifier.
In order in this case to minimize the risk of fire or explosion, the return line for the gas runs parallel to the oxygen supply as far as the issue of the latter.
Advantageously, a compressor is inserted into the return line.
An advantageous embodiment of the plant is characterized, according to the invention, in that, a cooling device and a carbon dioxide reduction stage are inserted between the compressor and the oxygen supply, the latter also being capable of reducing or completely eliminating the steam content.
PCT/EP2007/008514 - 4a -In this case, there may be provision for the outlet of the compressor and the outlet of the carbon dioxide reduction stage to lead into a common supply line to the oxygen supply to the melt gasifier.
So that the recirculatable gas quantity can be maximized by the preheating of the recirculation gas, without disadvantages for metallurgy on account of an excessive lowering of the adiabatic flame temperature (RAFT), a heating 'device is provided downstream of the convergence of the outlet of the compressor and of the outlet of the 2006P17587wo carbon dioxide reduction stage. This affords an additional advantageous reduction in the use of raw materials and an additional possibility for monitoring the process.
Owing to the advantageous further feature of the invention that the heating device operates with fuel gas, a branch emanating from the return line upstream of the compressor and leading to the fuel gas connection of the heating device, the use of raw materials can be reduced and consequently the efficiency of the plant can be further increased.
Advantageously, a reformer may be inserted between the compressor and the oxygen supply.
In this case, too, the consumption of raw materials can be reduced, in that, according to an advantageous embodiment, a branch emanates from the return line and leads to a fuel gas connection of the reformer.
A further embodiment of the plant according to the invention is characterized in that, a cooling device and a carbon dioxide reduction stage and also a reformer are provided in parallel branches of the return line, said parallel branches leading into a common supply line to the oxygen supply to the melt gasifier.
Preferably, in at least one line for the cupola gas, a particle separator is provided, from the particle discharge of which a particle recirculation leads to the melt gasifier, a branch from the return line issuing into the particle recirculation.
The invention will be explained in more detail in the following description by means of a preferred exemplary embodiment and PCT/EP2007/008514 - 5a -with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Particulate or pellet-shaped iron ore is fed, if appropriate together with unburnt aggregates, into a reduction shaft 1.
Iron slurry generated in the reduction shaft 1 is introduced via discharge devices 2 into the head of a melt gasifier 3. At the bottom of the melt gasifier 3, liquid pig iron collects, and, above this, liquid slag, which in each case are drawn off preferably discontinuously via specific taps. The melt gasifier 3 is supplied from a storage shaft 4 with a gasification agent, preferably coal and/or coal briquets, in any event mixed with screened-out undersize of the iron ore which could not otherwise be used for the reduction process. An oxygen-containing gas is supplied via gas lines 5 in the lower region of the melt gasifier 3.
The reduction gas generated is led out of the head of the melt gasifier 3 via a line 6, freed in a hot-gas cyclone 7 of solid constituents, in particular dust coal and fine-grained degassed coal, and then passes via a line 8 into the reduction shaft 1.
In the latter, the reduction gas flows through the column of iron ore and aggregates in countercurrent and at the same time reduces the iron ore into iron slurry.
The degassed coal dust separated in the hot-gas cyclone 7 and other particulate contents are recirculated to the melt gasifier 3, preferably being gasified on entry into the latter through dust burners which are arranged in the wall of the melt gasifier 3 and to which oxygen-containing gas is also delivered.
The at least partially consumed reduction gas is drawn off at the upper end of the reduction shaft 1 via a top gas line 9 and, after scrubbing in the wet scrubber 10, is delivered as export gas for utilization and overall energy optimization on account of the gas excess. Reduction gas used for regulating the pressure of the plant is, after scrubbing in the wet scrubber 11, either admixed to the export gas or recirculated via the line 12 as cooling gas into the line 6 upstream of the hot-gas cyclone 7.
It is particularly advantageous to utilize at least part of the drawn-off top gas or, after scrubbing, of the export gas by PCT/EP2007/008514 - 6a -recirculation into the process itself, to be precise by recirculation and introduction into the melt gasifier 3. For this purpose, the top gas to be recirculated is branched off, downstream of the wet scrubber 10, via a line 13 and compressed by means of a compressor 14 with as high a suction pressure as possible. Advantageously, reduction gas not required may also be branched off and recirculated, downstream of the wet scrubber 11, via a further line 15, even before admixing to the export gas.
According to a first variant, after intermediate cooling to 30-50 C in the cooler 16 and reduction of the COZ content to 2-3%
by volume in the plant 17, the recirculated top gas can be injected into the melt gasifier 3 for the removal of C02 via lances 18 which are introduced into the oxygen nozzles, the return line for the top gas running as far as the issue of the oxygen supply and parallel to the latter. Part of this gas treated in this way can be branched off and admixed, for transport, to the particles recirculated from the hot-gas cyclone 7. In addition to the saving of coal and coal briquets as reducing agents in the melt gasifier by the supply of reductants, such as, for example, CO or H2, from the recirculated top gas, a cooling of the raceway and of the char-bed can also be achieved due to the directed lowering of the flame temperature on account of the endothermal reaction of the coal, coal briquets or coke with the gas constituents and the cracking of the methane, the following reactions being critical:
C + CO2 --> 2 CO dH29$ = +173 kJ/mol C + H2O --3 CO+Hz, QH298 +132 kJ/rnof CH4 -~ 2 H2 4- C AH29a =-E-74 kJ/mo!
The installation of the compressor 14 and, if appropriate, of the CO2 removal plant 17 with a preceding heat exchanger 16 or of a reformer/reduction gas furnace 21 also affords the advantages that higher melting performances and therefore an increase in productivity are possible, that, by reduced use of reducing agents, a reduction in the specific C02 emissions per ton of pig iron can also be achieved, and that a lowering of the operating costs and therefore the rapid payback of the additional investment costs, depending on the reducing agent cost for coal, coal briquets and coke, are possible. Even use as a nitrogen replacement in dust burners could be envisaged.
In any event, the top gas may also be introduced directly, utilizing the sensible compression heat. To regulate the C02 content, for example as a function of the char-bed or cupola temperature, the two gas streams may also be mixed.
PCT/EP2007/008514 - 7a -The recirculated top gas may also optionally be heated, after CO2 removal, by means of a reduction gas furnace 19 (convective, regenerative), electrical heating, plasma burners or heat exchangers (utilization of the sensible heat of process gas, for example top gas upstream of the scrubber), etc. In this case, if a reduction gas heating furnace 19 is used, part of the branched-off top gas is employed via the line 20 as fuel gas.
In heating the recirculated top gas by a heat exchanger before introduction into the melt gasifier 3, the heat energy of the top gas upstream of the wet scrubber 10 is preferably utilized.
This affords the advantage of increasing the energy efficiency of the process due to smaller process water quantities required for cooling the top gas, which also means a reduction in the energy demand of the process water pumps. Further, there is a reduction in the heat which is discharged from the top gas into the process water and which is lost via cooling towers or by evaporation causes water losses in the system which constantly have to be compensated.
Alternatively, the recirculated top gas may also be reformed with higher hydrocarbons (for example, natural gas) in a reformer 21, part of the top gas supplied via a line 22 as fuel gas being used for the endothermal reaction heat.
The quantity of reduction gas from the melt gasifier 3 which is increased due to gas recirculation is utilized for increasing production in the reduction stage 1 (shaft or fluidized bed) and/or for constant metallization. Constant metallization is achieved by the decoupling of the melt gasifier 3 and the reduction shaft 1. The quantity of reduction gas which is sufficient at all times allows constant metallization in the reduction shaft 1. There is consequently no need for any major changes in the oxygen quantity to be supplied to the melt gasifier 3 in order to adapt the thermal economy, thus leading to a constant char-bed temperature, lower coal breakdown and therefore a stable operation of the melt gasifier 3 along with low specific reducing agent consumption. Optimization of the melt gasifier operation leads to a smaller necessary quantity of reducing agents for the fixed-bed reduction shaft 1 (FBRS) or in fluidized-bed reactors (WSR) of the plant, this necessary PCT/EP2007/008514 - 8a -quantity being entirely compensated by the recirculation of top gas.
Furthermore, this results in the possibility of rapid regulation, a lowering of the silicon content in the pig iron due to a lower adiabatic flame temperature and a more stable operation of the melt gasifier, in order to minimize the silicon reduction taking place at high temperatures, according to the following formula:
Si02 + 2 C-> Si + 2 CO AH298 = +690 kJ/mol In addition to the silicon content, a reduction in the sulfur content in the pig iron can also be achieved, since, owing to the recirculation of the top gas with only 1 to 100 ppm of H2S, a substantially lower introduction of sulfur occurs than during the sole use of coal, coal briquets or coke.
Finally, by gas recirculation, the setting of the necessary nozzle velocity and of a sufficient penetration of the raceway, along with lower melting rates, is appreciably facilitated.
In blast furnaces, various carbon-containing gases, such as natural gas, coke oven gas, etc., are injected via the tuyers or in the bosh plane, with the aim of saving coke and increasing profitability, as already described, for example, in GB 883 998 A. An injection of blast furnace gas is not economical because of the high C02r N2 and low H2 content.
In melt-reduction plants, as described, for example, in DE 36 28 102 Al, oxygen with a temperature of 25 C and a purity of > 95% by volume is injected via nozzles into the melt gasifier, in order to gasify the reducing agents (predominantly coal and coal briquets) and make available the heat required for melting the reduced iron. The cupola gas of the melt gasifier (ESV) is used for indirect reduction in a fixed-bed reduction shaft (FBRS) or in fluidized-bed reactors (WSR).
Owing to the lack of utilization of gas in the FBRS or WSR, a PCT/EP2007/008514 - la -high specific coal or coal briquet consumption and a high energy excess in the export gas are obtained.
Coupling the operation of the melt gasifier with the reduction reactor affords a fluctuating metallization of the iron slurry of 70-90%.
For example, a rise in the char-bed and cupola temperature in the melt gasifier leads to a reduced required oxygen quantity, therefore also to a decrease in the reduction gas. As a result of this decrease, the metallization in the fixed-bed reduction shaft or fluidized-bed reactor also falls, thus, in turn, causing a drop in the char-bed and cupola temperature in the melt gasifier. However, this leads to a higher oxygen requirement, and therefore the quantity of reduction gas rises and metallization increases again. Owing to the long control system, therefore, it is not possible to have a stable operation of the melt gasifier (due, inter alia, to coal breakdown), thus resulting in higher specific reducing agent consumptions.
Further, the adiabatic flame temperature (RAFT) occurring during the gasification of the coal with oxygen lies above 3000 C (theoretic), with the result that the reduction of the Si02 into Si is promoted and therefore the pig iron may have high silicon contents. Consequently, additional retreatment is often necessary in order to achieve the desired Si values of 0.4-0.5% by weight.
The purified export gas, which is composed of the blast furnace gas from the direct reduction assembly and of the cupola gas from the melt gasifier, has the following typical analysis at 1.5 barg: CO 45% by volume, C02 30% by volume, H2 19% by volume, H20 3% by volume and N2 3% by volume. Owing to the gas excess, it has to be delivered for utilization and overall energy optimization.
The object of the present invention, therefore, was- to specify a method and a plant, as initially described, in which, along with an increased energy and raw material efficiency, PCT/EP2007/008514 - 2a -productivity can also be increased, while at the same time metallurgically better properties of the product are obtained.
To achieve this object, according to the invention, the method is characterized in that at least part of the drawn-off top gas is introduced into the melt gasifier. As a result of this injection, significant savings of coal and coal briquets as reducing agents in the melt gasifier are possible, these being replaced by the supply of reductants (CO, H2) from the recirculation gas. Moreover, a cooling of the raceway and of the char-bed is achievedby a directed lowering of the flame temperature which is obtained by virtue of the endothermal reaction of the coal, coal briquets or coke with the gas constituents and the cracking of the methane.
Advantageously, in this case, the recirculated gas is compressed.
According to a further advantageous variant of the method, there is provision for the recirculated gas to be cooled, between compression and introduction into the melt gasifier, preferably to 30 to 50 C, and for the carbon dioxide content to be reduced, preferably to 2 to 3% by volume. The advantage of this is a higher gas quantity in the char-bed for indirect gas reduction, that is to say more reduction work performed in the melt gasifier.
If, according to a further variant, at least part of the recirculated gas is only compressed, at least a further part of the recirculated gas is only cooled and its carbon dioxide content reduced, and the compressed gas and the carbon dioxide-reduced gas are mixed before introduction into the melt gasifier, the influencing of the properties in the melt gasifier can be metered even more accurately.
For this purpose, there may also be provision for the recirculated and at most cooled and carbon dioxide-reduced gas to be heated before introduction into the melt gasifier, preferably using a part stream of the recirculated gas as fuel gas. By the recirculation gas being preheated, the recirculatable gas quantity can be maximized, without the adiabatic flame temperature (RAFT) falling below an undesirably low limit, with disadvantages for metallurgy. This results in an additional advantageous reduction of the use of raw PCT/EP2007/008514 - 3a -materials and an additional possibility for monitoring the process.
According to a method variant according to the invention, there may be provision for at least one part stream of the recirculated gas to be reformed with higher hydrocarbons, using a further part stream of the recirculated gas as fuel gas.
In this case, advantageously, the reformed recirculated gas can be mixed with the only compressed and/or the cooled and carbon dioxide-reduced gas before introduction into the melt gasifier.
According to an advantageous method variant, there is provision, further, for particles cotransported in the cupola gas to be separated and recirculated into the melt gasifier, a part stream of the only compressed and/or of the cooled and carbon dioxide-reduced gas being admixed for the transport of the recirculated particles.
According to a method variant according to the invention, there may be provision for the theoretical adiabatic flame temperature in the raceway to be controlled by means of the quantity and/or temperature and/or CO2 fraction of the recirculated gas, with the result that a directed control of the metallurgical processes becomes possible.
As a result of each individual possibility of action of those described, but also due to combinations of these, an efficient control of the theoretic adiabatic flame temperature in the raceway is possible.
The plant described initially is characterized, according to the invention, in order to achieve the object, by at least one return line branching off from the line for the top gas and leading into the melt gasifier.
In order in this case to minimize the risk of fire or explosion, the return line for the gas runs parallel to the oxygen supply as far as the issue of the latter.
Advantageously, a compressor is inserted into the return line.
An advantageous embodiment of the plant is characterized, according to the invention, in that, a cooling device and a carbon dioxide reduction stage are inserted between the compressor and the oxygen supply, the latter also being capable of reducing or completely eliminating the steam content.
PCT/EP2007/008514 - 4a -In this case, there may be provision for the outlet of the compressor and the outlet of the carbon dioxide reduction stage to lead into a common supply line to the oxygen supply to the melt gasifier.
So that the recirculatable gas quantity can be maximized by the preheating of the recirculation gas, without disadvantages for metallurgy on account of an excessive lowering of the adiabatic flame temperature (RAFT), a heating 'device is provided downstream of the convergence of the outlet of the compressor and of the outlet of the 2006P17587wo carbon dioxide reduction stage. This affords an additional advantageous reduction in the use of raw materials and an additional possibility for monitoring the process.
Owing to the advantageous further feature of the invention that the heating device operates with fuel gas, a branch emanating from the return line upstream of the compressor and leading to the fuel gas connection of the heating device, the use of raw materials can be reduced and consequently the efficiency of the plant can be further increased.
Advantageously, a reformer may be inserted between the compressor and the oxygen supply.
In this case, too, the consumption of raw materials can be reduced, in that, according to an advantageous embodiment, a branch emanates from the return line and leads to a fuel gas connection of the reformer.
A further embodiment of the plant according to the invention is characterized in that, a cooling device and a carbon dioxide reduction stage and also a reformer are provided in parallel branches of the return line, said parallel branches leading into a common supply line to the oxygen supply to the melt gasifier.
Preferably, in at least one line for the cupola gas, a particle separator is provided, from the particle discharge of which a particle recirculation leads to the melt gasifier, a branch from the return line issuing into the particle recirculation.
The invention will be explained in more detail in the following description by means of a preferred exemplary embodiment and PCT/EP2007/008514 - 5a -with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Particulate or pellet-shaped iron ore is fed, if appropriate together with unburnt aggregates, into a reduction shaft 1.
Iron slurry generated in the reduction shaft 1 is introduced via discharge devices 2 into the head of a melt gasifier 3. At the bottom of the melt gasifier 3, liquid pig iron collects, and, above this, liquid slag, which in each case are drawn off preferably discontinuously via specific taps. The melt gasifier 3 is supplied from a storage shaft 4 with a gasification agent, preferably coal and/or coal briquets, in any event mixed with screened-out undersize of the iron ore which could not otherwise be used for the reduction process. An oxygen-containing gas is supplied via gas lines 5 in the lower region of the melt gasifier 3.
The reduction gas generated is led out of the head of the melt gasifier 3 via a line 6, freed in a hot-gas cyclone 7 of solid constituents, in particular dust coal and fine-grained degassed coal, and then passes via a line 8 into the reduction shaft 1.
In the latter, the reduction gas flows through the column of iron ore and aggregates in countercurrent and at the same time reduces the iron ore into iron slurry.
The degassed coal dust separated in the hot-gas cyclone 7 and other particulate contents are recirculated to the melt gasifier 3, preferably being gasified on entry into the latter through dust burners which are arranged in the wall of the melt gasifier 3 and to which oxygen-containing gas is also delivered.
The at least partially consumed reduction gas is drawn off at the upper end of the reduction shaft 1 via a top gas line 9 and, after scrubbing in the wet scrubber 10, is delivered as export gas for utilization and overall energy optimization on account of the gas excess. Reduction gas used for regulating the pressure of the plant is, after scrubbing in the wet scrubber 11, either admixed to the export gas or recirculated via the line 12 as cooling gas into the line 6 upstream of the hot-gas cyclone 7.
It is particularly advantageous to utilize at least part of the drawn-off top gas or, after scrubbing, of the export gas by PCT/EP2007/008514 - 6a -recirculation into the process itself, to be precise by recirculation and introduction into the melt gasifier 3. For this purpose, the top gas to be recirculated is branched off, downstream of the wet scrubber 10, via a line 13 and compressed by means of a compressor 14 with as high a suction pressure as possible. Advantageously, reduction gas not required may also be branched off and recirculated, downstream of the wet scrubber 11, via a further line 15, even before admixing to the export gas.
According to a first variant, after intermediate cooling to 30-50 C in the cooler 16 and reduction of the COZ content to 2-3%
by volume in the plant 17, the recirculated top gas can be injected into the melt gasifier 3 for the removal of C02 via lances 18 which are introduced into the oxygen nozzles, the return line for the top gas running as far as the issue of the oxygen supply and parallel to the latter. Part of this gas treated in this way can be branched off and admixed, for transport, to the particles recirculated from the hot-gas cyclone 7. In addition to the saving of coal and coal briquets as reducing agents in the melt gasifier by the supply of reductants, such as, for example, CO or H2, from the recirculated top gas, a cooling of the raceway and of the char-bed can also be achieved due to the directed lowering of the flame temperature on account of the endothermal reaction of the coal, coal briquets or coke with the gas constituents and the cracking of the methane, the following reactions being critical:
C + CO2 --> 2 CO dH29$ = +173 kJ/mol C + H2O --3 CO+Hz, QH298 +132 kJ/rnof CH4 -~ 2 H2 4- C AH29a =-E-74 kJ/mo!
The installation of the compressor 14 and, if appropriate, of the CO2 removal plant 17 with a preceding heat exchanger 16 or of a reformer/reduction gas furnace 21 also affords the advantages that higher melting performances and therefore an increase in productivity are possible, that, by reduced use of reducing agents, a reduction in the specific C02 emissions per ton of pig iron can also be achieved, and that a lowering of the operating costs and therefore the rapid payback of the additional investment costs, depending on the reducing agent cost for coal, coal briquets and coke, are possible. Even use as a nitrogen replacement in dust burners could be envisaged.
In any event, the top gas may also be introduced directly, utilizing the sensible compression heat. To regulate the C02 content, for example as a function of the char-bed or cupola temperature, the two gas streams may also be mixed.
PCT/EP2007/008514 - 7a -The recirculated top gas may also optionally be heated, after CO2 removal, by means of a reduction gas furnace 19 (convective, regenerative), electrical heating, plasma burners or heat exchangers (utilization of the sensible heat of process gas, for example top gas upstream of the scrubber), etc. In this case, if a reduction gas heating furnace 19 is used, part of the branched-off top gas is employed via the line 20 as fuel gas.
In heating the recirculated top gas by a heat exchanger before introduction into the melt gasifier 3, the heat energy of the top gas upstream of the wet scrubber 10 is preferably utilized.
This affords the advantage of increasing the energy efficiency of the process due to smaller process water quantities required for cooling the top gas, which also means a reduction in the energy demand of the process water pumps. Further, there is a reduction in the heat which is discharged from the top gas into the process water and which is lost via cooling towers or by evaporation causes water losses in the system which constantly have to be compensated.
Alternatively, the recirculated top gas may also be reformed with higher hydrocarbons (for example, natural gas) in a reformer 21, part of the top gas supplied via a line 22 as fuel gas being used for the endothermal reaction heat.
The quantity of reduction gas from the melt gasifier 3 which is increased due to gas recirculation is utilized for increasing production in the reduction stage 1 (shaft or fluidized bed) and/or for constant metallization. Constant metallization is achieved by the decoupling of the melt gasifier 3 and the reduction shaft 1. The quantity of reduction gas which is sufficient at all times allows constant metallization in the reduction shaft 1. There is consequently no need for any major changes in the oxygen quantity to be supplied to the melt gasifier 3 in order to adapt the thermal economy, thus leading to a constant char-bed temperature, lower coal breakdown and therefore a stable operation of the melt gasifier 3 along with low specific reducing agent consumption. Optimization of the melt gasifier operation leads to a smaller necessary quantity of reducing agents for the fixed-bed reduction shaft 1 (FBRS) or in fluidized-bed reactors (WSR) of the plant, this necessary PCT/EP2007/008514 - 8a -quantity being entirely compensated by the recirculation of top gas.
Furthermore, this results in the possibility of rapid regulation, a lowering of the silicon content in the pig iron due to a lower adiabatic flame temperature and a more stable operation of the melt gasifier, in order to minimize the silicon reduction taking place at high temperatures, according to the following formula:
Si02 + 2 C-> Si + 2 CO AH298 = +690 kJ/mol In addition to the silicon content, a reduction in the sulfur content in the pig iron can also be achieved, since, owing to the recirculation of the top gas with only 1 to 100 ppm of H2S, a substantially lower introduction of sulfur occurs than during the sole use of coal, coal briquets or coke.
Finally, by gas recirculation, the setting of the necessary nozzle velocity and of a sufficient penetration of the raceway, along with lower melting rates, is appreciably facilitated.
Claims (14)
1. A method for production of molten metal, oxygen, reducing agent and iron reduced in a reduction reactor (1) being introduced into a melt gasifier (3), the reducing agent being gasified with the oxygen, and the reduced iron being melted by means of the heat which in this case occurs, the cupola gas from the melt gasifier (3) being used as at least a fraction of the reduction gas, and reacted top gas being drawn off from the reduction reactor (1), and at least part of the drawn-off top gas is introduced into the melt gasifier (3) and the recirculated gas is compressed, characterized in that the recirculated gas is cooled, between compression and introduction into the melt gasifier (3), and the carbon dioxide content is reduced, and/or in that at least one part stream of the recirculated gas is reformed with higher hydrocarbons, using a further part stream of the recirculated gas as fuel gas, and in that the theoretical adiabatic flame temperature in the raceway is controlled by means of the quantity and/or temperature and/or CO2 fraction of the recirculated gas.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that at least part of the recirculated gas is only compressed, at least a further part of the recirculated gas is only cooled and its carbon dioxide content reduced, and in that the compressed gas and the carbon dioxide-reduced gas are mixed before introduction into the melt gasifier (3).
3. The method as claimed in one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the recirculated and at most cooled and carbon dioxide-reduced gas is heated before introduction into the melt gasifier (3), preferably using a part stream of the recirculated gas as fuel gas.
-10a-
-10a-
4. The method as claimed in one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the reformed recirculated gas is mixed with the only compressed and/or the cooled and carbon dioxide-reduced gas before introduction into the melt gasifier (3).
5. The method as claimed in one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that particles cotransported in the cupola gas are separated and recirculated into the melt gasifier (3), a part stream of the only compressed and/or of the cooled and carbon dioxide-reduced gas being admixed for the transport of the recirculated particles.
6. The method as claimed in one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the recirculated gas is cooled, between compression and introduction into the melt gasifier (3), to 30 to 50°C.
7. The method as claimed in one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the carbon dioxide content is reduced to 2 to 3% by volume.
8. A plant for the production of molten metal, with a reduction reactor (1), with a melt gasifier (3) having an oxygen supply (5) and with a supply system (4) for reducing agent, at least one line (6, 8) for supplying the cupola gas from the melt gasifier (3) into the reduction reactor (1) and at least one line (9) for drawing off the top gas from the reduction reactor (1), with at least one return line (13, 18) branching off from the line for the top gas and leading into the melt gasifier (3), a compressor (14) being inserted into the return line (13, 18), characterized in that a cooling device (16) and a carbon dioxide reduction stage (17) are inserted between the compressor (14) and the oxygen supply (5), and in that a reformer (21) is inserted between the compressor (14) and the oxygen supply (5), a cooling device (16) and a -11a-carbon dioxide reduction stage (17) and also a reformer (21) being provided in parallel branches of the return line (13, 18), said parallel branches leading into a common supply line (18) to the oxygen supply (5) to the melt gasifier (3).
9. The plant as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the return line (13, 18) for the gas runs parallel to the oxygen supply (5) as far as the issue of the latter.
10. The plant as claimed in one of claims 8 and 9, characterized in that the outlet of the compressor (14) and the outlet of the carbon dioxide reduction stage (17) lead into a common supply line (18) to the oxygen supply (5) to the melt gasifier.
11. The plant as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that a heating device (19) is provided downstream of the convergence of the outlet of the compressor (14) and of the outlet of the carbon dioxide reduction stage (17).
12. The plant as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that the heating device (19) operates with fuel gas, a branch (20) emanating from the return line (13) upstream or downstream of the compressor (14) and leading to the fuel gas connection of the heating device (19).
13. The plant as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that a branch (22) emanates from the return line (13) and leads to a fuel gas connection of the reformer (21).
14. The plant as claimed in one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that, in at least one line (6) for the cupola gas, a particle separator (7) is provided, from the particle discharge of which a particle recirculation leads to the melt gasifier (3), a branch from the return line (18) issuing into the particle recirculation.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102006048601.3 | 2006-10-13 | ||
DE102006048601A DE102006048601A1 (en) | 2006-10-13 | 2006-10-13 | Method and device for producing molten material |
PCT/EP2007/008514 WO2008046503A1 (en) | 2006-10-13 | 2007-10-01 | Method and device for producing molten material |
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CA2665763A1 true CA2665763A1 (en) | 2008-04-24 |
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CA002665763A Abandoned CA2665763A1 (en) | 2006-10-13 | 2007-10-01 | Method and device for producing molten material |
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US (1) | US20100024599A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2082066A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2010506046A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20090068351A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101528948A (en) |
AR (1) | AR063265A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2007312665A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0719172A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2665763A1 (en) |
CL (1) | CL2007002941A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102006048601A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2009003725A (en) |
RU (1) | RU2009117865A (en) |
TW (1) | TW200827452A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008046503A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200902093B (en) |
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AT507823B1 (en) | 2009-01-30 | 2011-01-15 | Siemens Vai Metals Tech Gmbh | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING RAW IRONS OR LIQUID STEEL PREPARED PRODUCTS |
AT507955B1 (en) | 2009-02-20 | 2011-02-15 | Siemens Vai Metals Tech Gmbh | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING SUBSTITUTE GAS |
CN102586530A (en) * | 2012-01-04 | 2012-07-18 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Method for producing sponge iron by using coke-oven gas |
CN110578029B (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2020-11-10 | 山东大学 | Two-section type descending entrained flow iron-making system and iron-making process |
Family Cites Families (9)
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GB883998A (en) * | 1958-04-01 | 1961-12-06 | Mckee & Co Arthur G | Method of operating blast furnaces |
DE3438487A1 (en) * | 1984-10-17 | 1986-04-24 | Korf Engineering GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf | METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF RAW IRON |
DE3504346C2 (en) * | 1985-02-06 | 1986-11-27 | Korf Engineering GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf | Method and device for the production of sponge iron particles and liquid pig iron |
US4685964A (en) * | 1985-10-03 | 1987-08-11 | Midrex International B.V. Rotterdam | Method and apparatus for producing molten iron using coal |
DE3603894A1 (en) * | 1986-02-05 | 1987-08-06 | Korf Engineering Gmbh | METHOD FOR PRODUCING LIQUID PIPE IRON OR STEEL PRE-MATERIAL |
US5958107A (en) * | 1993-12-15 | 1999-09-28 | Bechtel Croup, Inc. | Shift conversion for the preparation of reducing gas |
US5582029A (en) * | 1995-10-04 | 1996-12-10 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Use of nitrogen from an air separation plant in carbon dioxide removal from a feed gas to a further process |
AT406380B (en) * | 1996-03-05 | 2000-04-25 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | METHOD FOR PRODUCING LIQUID GUT IRON OR LIQUID STEEL PRE-PRODUCTS AND SYSTEM FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD |
WO2005054520A1 (en) * | 2003-12-05 | 2005-06-16 | Posco | An apparatus for manufacturing a molten iron directly using fine or lump coals and fine iron ores, the method thereof, the integrated steel mill using the same and the method thereof |
-
2006
- 2006-10-13 DE DE102006048601A patent/DE102006048601A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2007
- 2007-10-01 CN CNA2007800376484A patent/CN101528948A/en active Pending
- 2007-10-01 EP EP07818594A patent/EP2082066A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-10-01 AU AU2007312665A patent/AU2007312665A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-10-01 US US12/445,349 patent/US20100024599A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-10-01 JP JP2009531734A patent/JP2010506046A/en active Pending
- 2007-10-01 KR KR1020097008757A patent/KR20090068351A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-10-01 WO PCT/EP2007/008514 patent/WO2008046503A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-10-01 MX MX2009003725A patent/MX2009003725A/en unknown
- 2007-10-01 ZA ZA200902093A patent/ZA200902093B/en unknown
- 2007-10-01 CA CA002665763A patent/CA2665763A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-10-01 RU RU2009117865/02A patent/RU2009117865A/en unknown
- 2007-10-01 BR BRPI0719172-3A2A patent/BRPI0719172A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-10-03 TW TW096136997A patent/TW200827452A/en unknown
- 2007-10-12 CL CL200702941A patent/CL2007002941A1/en unknown
- 2007-10-12 AR ARP070104522A patent/AR063265A1/en unknown
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JP2010506046A (en) | 2010-02-25 |
AR063265A1 (en) | 2009-01-14 |
WO2008046503A1 (en) | 2008-04-24 |
RU2009117865A (en) | 2010-11-20 |
TW200827452A (en) | 2008-07-01 |
CN101528948A (en) | 2009-09-09 |
BRPI0719172A2 (en) | 2014-04-15 |
DE102006048601A1 (en) | 2008-04-17 |
US20100024599A1 (en) | 2010-02-04 |
AU2007312665A1 (en) | 2008-04-24 |
MX2009003725A (en) | 2009-04-22 |
CL2007002941A1 (en) | 2008-05-30 |
ZA200902093B (en) | 2010-06-30 |
EP2082066A1 (en) | 2009-07-29 |
KR20090068351A (en) | 2009-06-26 |
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