CN115058551B - Method for enriching blast furnace gas - Google Patents
Method for enriching blast furnace gas Download PDFInfo
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- CN115058551B CN115058551B CN202210787508.5A CN202210787508A CN115058551B CN 115058551 B CN115058551 B CN 115058551B CN 202210787508 A CN202210787508 A CN 202210787508A CN 115058551 B CN115058551 B CN 115058551B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/008—Composition or distribution of the charge
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/06—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace using top gas in the blast furnace process
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for enriching blast furnace gas, and belongs to the technical field of metallurgy. According to the invention, the steel shell block internally packaged with the high-volatile fossil and/or biological carbon-rich substance powder particles for coking and carbonizing is proportioned with the fossil and/or biomass carbon-rich block to jointly replace part or all of coke for blast furnace ironmaking, and the heat energy in the blast furnace is utilized to generate the mix of pyrolysis gas before carbonizing the carbon-rich substance, so that the blast furnace gas enrichment with the increase of the total gas generation amount and the increase of the unit heat value under the combustion supporting condition of the high-oxygen gas is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgy, in particular to a method for enriching blast furnace gas, which utilizes the mixed and converged of pyrolysis gas generated before high-volatile fossil and/or biological carbon-rich substances replacing coke are carbonized in a blast furnace to increase the quantity and heat value.
Background
Iron-making blast furnaces mostly use coke and auxiliary injection solid pulverized coal as fuel and reducing agent to reduce iron-bearing minerals at high temperature to smelt liquid pig iron, wherein the proportion of the coke to the total fuel and the reducing agent is generally above 60%. The dependence of the blast furnace on the coke is mainly that the blast furnace has good ventilation and liquid permeability loose framework effect and good reactivity on the support of a charging post in the furnace, the semi-closed production characteristic of the coke causes a great amount of pollution, the heat dissipation of a huge volume coke oven and a lengthy coking process is huge, the utilization rate of a great amount of sensible heat contained in the released pyrolysis raw gas and the coke is not high, and especially the restriction of the prior coking technology ensures that the price of main coking coal suitable for producing the coke for the ironmaking blast furnace (especially the large blast furnace) is high, the coke yield conforming to the use of the blast furnace is low, and the like, so that the energy consumption, pollution and cost of the blast furnace steel manufacturing process are not low and the trend is ready. While metallurgical workers have been trying to reduce the coke ratio of the smelting process without any surplus force and to eliminate the dependence on coke, there have been long progress made in the process (such as popularization of oxygen-enriched coal injection technology of blast furnaces, etc.), coke generally having severe technical standard requirements is still an essential reductant and fuel for blast furnaces, and the price of high-quality anthracite coal for replacing coke is continuously increased, so far, there has been no blast furnace coke substitute product which is basically free from the coking process and application technology thereof.
In addition, china is a country rich in coal but low in oil and gas, and confirms that the coal reserves are about 1.5 trillion tons, and main energy sources are mainly coal, and a large amount of chemical raw materials are in accordance with the prior artDepending on the oil and gas inlet. Although the country is striving to develop other energy forms of technology, the total amount of the technology is very small in proportion to the demand, and the requirement of social development is far from being met. Based on the limitation of the existing energy resource structure, especially as the manufacturing industry is strong, the energy strategy in China is indiscriminate at present, which is urgent to radically improve the resource, environment and even human living conditions, and only clean energy technology based on coal and combined with biomass and other carbon-rich substances for utilization can be developed, so that coal resources are utilized in an efficient, green and low-carbon mode, and large-scale industry is formed. The carbon-rich substance gas production is a new clean energy form (CO+H) relative to coal 2 ) The method can convert the existing widely used coal into simple, clean and efficient fuel gas and chemical raw materials, and can convert the available biomass into ideal pure raw materials with low carbon-hydrogen ratio (C/H) based on the carbon neutralization concept, so far, the large-scale device for producing clean coal or biomass gas in a large scale is few, and the conversion industry of the clean energy and raw materials for forming the green of coal and/or biomass is not mentioned.
Disclosure of Invention
Problems to be solved
The invention aims to adopt high-volatile coal types, biomass and other carbon-rich substances, directly coking in a blast furnace to replace coke, simultaneously utilizing the high-volatile carbon-rich substances to generate a large amount of gas of pyrolytic carbon and hydrogen compounds relative to the corresponding coke before carbonizing in the coke furnace, improving the yield and the heat value of blast furnace gas to produce high-quality gas so as to replace coal/biomass gas or coke oven gas, and also being capable of being used as gas fuel and reducing agent to be recycled and sprayed into the blast furnace to replace solid fuel and reducing agent for injection and further improve the gas quality, and simultaneously solving the problems that the blast furnace gas in the past cannot be reasonably used and has low use value due to too low heat value.
Technical proposal
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the method comprises the steps of pressurizing and packaging high-volatile fossil and/or biological carbon-rich substances into a monomer miniature steel shell container serving as a carbonization chamber and a protective shell to prepare a block product with high strength, high durability and certain sealing property, wherein carbon-rich fossil and/or biomass blocks are mixed according to the amount of carbon monoxide and hydrogen required by indirect reduction of the required minerals generated by carbon gasification reaction in a high-temperature zone to partially or completely replace metallurgical coke, and are added into a blast furnace along with other top-loading mineral and other furnace charges, and the following steps are carried out: 1) Drying and destructive distillation of all carbon-rich materials are realized by utilizing the internal heat of the furnace, corresponding pyrolysis gas is generated and is combined with gas generated by other materials in the furnace and reaction product gas in a reaction zone in the furnace to form high-heat-value gas rich in hydrocarbon; 2) The carbon-rich materials in the monomer miniature steel shell container are subjected to carbonization under the sealing protection of the steel shell and under the pressure of materials and furnace gas in the furnace to form a compacter carbonized body, and the compacter carbonized body participates in metallurgical reaction in the furnace and carburizes molten iron after the subsequent shell is dissolved, melted or broken, and supports a material column at the lower part of the blast furnace; 3) The exposed carbon-rich block (coal and/or biomass block) directly added in the furnace burden is carbonized at high temperature and then is used as carbon required by the carbon gasification reaction, and the rest part of the carbon is used as fuel and then participates in the heating combustion at the lower part of the blast furnace; 4) Oxygen or low-nitrogen high-oxygen gas is used for supporting combustion to improve the quality of the gas; 5) The produced high-heat-value gas is subjected to purification treatment and/or low-boiling point substance extraction as a chemical raw material to replace coal/biomass gas or coke oven gas, and can be recycled and used for blowing in a furnace to replace solid reducing agent/fuel, and the quality (H/C ratio and/or heat value) of the gas can be further improved.
The main factors to be considered in the concrete design of the blast furnace enriched gas and the application method thereof are as follows: 1) The premise of adopting high-volatile carbon-rich substance in-furnace carbonization to replace coke is that the blocks and the carbonized bodies have good ventilation and liquid-permeable skeleton action, the action is represented by the blocks and the carbonized bodies in the coking and carbonizing process of the carbon-rich substance pressurized and packaged in a single steel container serving as a miniature carbonization chamber, and the shell of the block container of the miniature carbonization chamber manufactured by a carbon steel sheet is important. The functions are as follows: (1) Forming a firm and sealed container for containing the raw materials of the carbonization bodies; (2) The steel shell block filled with the materials is easy to process and form due to good plasticity, so that the ideal bulk density of the materials in the block furnace is obtained; (3) The excellent mechanical property is convenient for pressurizing and compacting materials in the steel shell block; (4) The high heat conductivity can be used for introducing air flow heat in real time, so as to support pyrolysis and carbonization of carbon-rich substances; (5) The formed carbonization chamber becomes a protective body in the carbonization process of the internal materials, and the tightness degree of the carbonization chamber is that micropores and gaps are arranged to seal the powder particles of the materials and simultaneously the exchange of internal and external air flows is not influenced; (6) The high-strength shell can enable the steel shell block to resist the physical distribution process before the steel shell block is added into a blast furnace and the impact and the extrusion and the kneading among materials in a block-shaped area in the furnace when the steel shell block is added into the furnace; (7) The sealed shell can resist the erosion of gases such as alkaline oxides and the like and keep the appearance intact in a blast furnace block belt and a soft melting belt, and has good coke window effect; (8) Due to the thermal expansion and high-temperature molding of the steel shell, the internal volume of the combined section tends to be increased, and the steel shell can bear large volume expansion in the early stage of the coking process; (9) The steel shell is gradually softened along with the temperature rise, so that the air pressure in the furnace and the static pressure of the material column can be transmitted into the inside in the closed carbonization process, the semicoke shrinkage is dynamically compensated, and the density of the carbonized body is increased; (10) The steel shell has a higher melting point (more than 1500 ℃), and the melting point is reduced and the strength is reduced along with corrosion, carburization, high temperature and the like in the descending process, so that the steel shell can be dissolved and broken at the high temperature area in time, and an internal charring body is released to form a ventilated and liquid-permeable material column supporting framework and participate in metallurgical reaction and combustion reaction in the furnace; (11) The steel shell can finally completely enter molten metal to become a product of the served process.
2) And determining the outline shape and the size of the steel shell block. (1) The determination of the outline shape and size of the steel shell block container mainly considers factors such as the time for fully sealing and carbonizing internal materials, the influence on the air permeability of the whole furnace charge, the reaction specific surface area of a carbonized body, the degradation, the granularity and the like as a framework after the reaction; (2) For blast furnaces with different volumes, the external dimension, the external shape and the external wall thickness of the steel shell block can be designed and combined in a targeted and optimized way; (3) The maximum value of the dimension in the thickness direction of the minimum relative among three dimensions determines the coking and carbonization process time of the carbonized block, the inside of the carbonized block is relatively more in material holding when the thickness dimension is large, the weight ratio of the material in the inside to the steel plate of the shell is high (namely, the steel plate is relatively less in consumption and low in cost), the manufacturing efficiency of the steel shell block is also high, and the thickness of the outline of the steel shell block is selected to be as large as possible on the premise that the carbonization is sufficient to meet the requirement of a blast furnace; (4) The steel shell block has larger stress due to material extrusion and kneading in the carbonization process in the blast furnace, and the time length required for sealing and protecting for full carbonization is also required, and the length-thickness ratio of the outline of the steel shell block is not too large for keeping rigidity; (5) The profile shape is to avoid plane fit between steel shell blocks, and the curved surface is selected to be good so as to increase the gap between materials in the furnace and improve the air permeability, but a certain plane is also required to maintain the stability of the steel shell blocks so as to ensure that no rolling occurs in the conveying process; (6) More importantly, as a framework for the gas-permeable layer, gas-permeable and filtrate, the distribution of carbon block particles in each section of the blast furnace has a relatively reasonable framework density, and accordingly limits the range of the external dimensions of the steel shell block.
3) The wall thickness of the carbon steel sheet shell of the steel shell block is determined. (1) The determination of the wall thickness of the carbon steel sheet shell of the steel shell block container mainly considers that the single container has proper rigidity, strength, cracking resistance, timely dissolution/melting and other factors, and is closely related to the volume (size) of the single container; (2) The wall of the shell is too thick, the weight ratio of the shell to the shell of the internal materials is high, the cost of the steel shell block is high, and the shell is broken too late to influence the timeliness of the reaction in the furnace; (3) The shell wall is too thin, the steel shell block can be damaged in the process of manufacturing sealing and logistics, the steel shell block can deform or crack before the complete carbonization in the blast furnace, the density of the carbonized body is low, the strength is poor, the deterioration is rapid, the carbonized body is easy to crush, and the ventilation and the liquid permeability are also influenced; (4) The steel shell block has large outline size, and the corresponding shell should be slightly thicker to ensure rigidity and strength; (5) The wall thickness of the steel shell also has the requirement of ensuring the tightness of solid materials in the steel shell block in the logistics process, and the sealing degree also has the consideration of smooth external discharge of gas and internal and external air flow exchange in the carbonization process after the heated drying of the blast furnace is added. The thickness value of the thin plate used in the actual container is selected from a first series of thin plate standard values which can be easily purchased in the specific market in the range of 0.1-0.5mm according to the processing method, and the thickness range of the steel shell wall at different parts of the container after processing deformation is estimated to be 0.06-0.4 mm.
4) And (5) selecting the carbon-rich material lump type and determining the lump characteristics of the carbon-rich material lump type. The indirect reduction of minerals in the low temperature reaction zone of the blast furnace requires carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and part of the indirect reduction gases are obtained by incomplete combustion of coke and/or coal dust injection in the tuyere zone, and the other part of the indirect reduction gases are obtained by carbon gasification reaction (C+CO) of naked coke as carbon reactant in the lower high temperature zone 2 =2co, also known as Boudouard reaction, carbon dioxide as gasifying agent and c+h 2 O＝CO+H 2 Also known as the water gas reaction, with steam as gasifying agent). However, under the condition of the application, the closed carbonization process in the steel shell block in the raw carbon gasification reaction zone (at least the upper zone) is not fully completed, and the steel shell cannot be melted/dissolved or broken, namely, the coke closed by the steel shell is used for replacing the block to provide sufficient carbon for the carbon gasification reaction at the upper part of the high temperature zone. In order to compensate the carbon reactant required by the carbon gasification reaction, the quality of the enriched gas is maintained by the gasification reaction of the carbon, and high-volatile fossil and/or biomass carbon-rich lump (lump or granule) is directly proportioned and added along with the steel shell lump, and the residual exposed carbonized body after the separation of the pyrolysis gaseous substances is used as the carbon reactant of the carbon gasification reaction at the upper part of the high-temperature zone. The selection and determination of the types of the carbon-rich material blocks should be considered to avoid the influence on the air permeability of the material layer caused by adhesion and agglomeration between the carbon-rich material blocks and adjacent objects when the furnace is heated and softened, and the excessive content of adhesive materials should be avoided when the coal types are selected for the segmented block; in order to avoid the excessive proportion of high-viscosity substances in the pressed block, partial low-viscosity carbon-rich substance powder particles are added, and a small amount of mineral powder can be doped to absorb the viscosity substances. Determination of carbon-rich mass characteristics should be considered with great emphasis: (1) The determination of the outline shape and size (thickness) of the carbon-rich block mainly considers that the influence on the air permeability of the whole furnace burden is generated because the materials are not excessively crushed due to extrusion, kneading and friction after being softened by heating; (2) The reaction specific surface area of the final carbonized body cannot be too small and the required agglomerate cannot be too large (too thick); (3) When biomass blocks with different natural sizes are added by direct combination and collocation in the reduction process, the overall air permeability is considered; (4) The high volatile coal cutting body should be excellent after crushing Firstly, reserving on a classifying screen to reduce the pressing workload of the block body; (5) The pressed carbon-rich material block should consider a certain normal temperature strength and a certain high temperature strength, and has proper density of exhaust gas for resisting burst when pyrolysis, and certain biomass powder particles are added to improve air permeability (similar to the existing biomass pressed block for dry distillation to produce charcoal), and an exhaust channel bundle can be arranged to dredge internal gas when pressing.
5) And selecting and closing the carbonized carbon-rich substance and the state thereof. Based on the theory and practice of the existing coking and coal blending system, the method takes the simultaneous production of high-quality coal gas as an consideration, can relatively reduce and completely save the consumption of scarce and high-utilization-value coal types, increases the easily-obtained and low-sulfur and low-ash common coal types with high volatile matters, namely, high-volatile coal dust particles are added with biomass, and particularly, part of the biomass which is not finely processed, recycled waste fossil or biological carbon-rich substance byproducts or leftovers can be directly used as powder particles and a small amount of slurry (can also play the roles of dust suppression in the processing process and increasing the density of carbonized bodies) are uniformly mixed together and packaged into steel shell bodies to coke into carbon. The feasibility is based on (1) because the coking and carbonization are directly completed in the blast furnace under the protection and sealing condition of the steel shell, the selection of the carbon-rich substances only needs to consider the performance of the final carbonized body of the steel shell block in the blast furnace, and does not need to consider the behavior of coking coal in the coking process during the selection of coking coal; (2) The steel shell is sealed, so that viscous substances generated by heating internal carbon-rich substances and liquid-phase substances generated by pyrolysis relatively remain in the block, the high-temperature strength of the carbonized body is promoted, and the carbonized body with ideal characteristics can be obtained under the condition that the total viscous substances are lower than the total viscous substances of coal in the prior art of coking and coal charging; (3) Because the dry distillation is directly carried out in the blast furnace, the higher furnace pressure and the slow temperature rising rate have certain effects of inhibiting pyrolysis and gasification, and the proportion of the obtained carbonized substances is increased relatively; (4) The higher boiling point gases that have gasified are cooled by the upper charge in the upward direction and condense on the surface of the charge, the regasification ratio decreases as the material is heated downward, and the actual carbonization rate of the same carbon-rich material is increased relative to the coke oven as a whole; (5) When the steel shell block is manufactured, the internal materials are allowed to be compacted under high pressure due to the use of the steel shell, so that the pressure is much higher than that of the existing briquette compacting or coking coal tamping, and the coking carbonization is facilitated, and the initial density of the carbon-rich substances is improved; (6) The steel shell allows great volume expansion in the early stage of the carbonization process, and has wide adaptability to the expansibility of carbon-rich substances; (7) The whole coking and carbonization process is completed under the conditions of furnace top pressure and material column static pressure, when the steel shell and the internal materials are softened to a certain extent, the high density of the carbonized body can be maintained through the pressure transmitted into the steel shell, the density of the carbonized body finally formed by the same materials can be higher than that of the existing coke, the possibility is provided for the larger proportion of high-volatile biomass, and the proper density of the carbonized body can be obtained through the matching of biological or recovered carbon substances; (8) The maximum granularity of the crushed carbon-rich material is not more than 4mm, and the granularity grading is slightly loose than the existing coking coal technical standard, namely, the coal making and blending system of the coke oven coal yard can completely meet the requirements and can be fully utilized.
6) Products of pyrolysis in a high volatile carbon-rich material furnace and blast furnace gas components.
The heating rate of the high volatile carbon-rich material added by the upward furnace gas in the descending process of the iron mineral in the furnace is low and relatively lower than that in the coke furnace, and the gasification pyrolysis proportion of the carbon-rich material (particularly the carbon-rich material sealed in the steel shell block) is relatively reduced due to relatively higher pressure in the blast furnace and the pressure of the upper material column; on the other hand, because the temperature of the blast furnace gas which leaves the material layer and enters the gas ascending pipe is much lower (generally lower than 150 ℃) relative to the coke oven gas, when the pyrolysis gas is incorporated into the updraft preheating furnace charge, high boiling components which are generated by pyrolysis of carbon-rich substances in the gas can be condensed and adsorbed on the surface of low-temperature materials at the upper part of the blast furnace, the adsorbed viscous substances are carbonized after being partially pyrolyzed after being heated along with the downdraft of the materials, and part of the viscous substances are pyrolyzed and gasified upwards again, and then part of the viscous substances are condensed and adsorbed on the surface of cold materials again. In practice, the high boiling point volatile matter is condensed on the surface of the dust particles due to the temperature reduction in the rising process of the air flow, so that the adhesion and aggregation among the dust particles, the blocks and the dust particles are enhanced, the effect of reducing the coal gas dust or inhibiting the increase of the coal gas dust is objectively achieved, and the solid carbon matters in the coal gas can be more retained in the furnace.
The gaseous products of the pyrolysis of the carbon-rich substances are collected with the product gases of the combustion reaction at the middle and lower parts of the blast furnace, the carbon gasification reaction and the mineral reduction reaction to form the blast furnace gas together, and the types and the amounts of the carbon-rich substances and the three reactions determine the total amount and the components of the blast furnace gas. Therefore, the blast furnace raw gas which is actually discharged and contains pyrolysis gaseous substances mainly contains carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen, water vapor and nitrogen (the content of which depends on the type of combustion supporting gas), and contains a certain amount of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, benzene and a small amount of naphthalene, so that the recovery of ammonia, benzene and naphthalene of high-value chemical products in the gas can be considered in the dust removal, dehumidification and desulfurization processes, and the separation of carbon dioxide can be also carried out.
7) And compensating the heat required by carbonization of the carbon-rich substance.
The carbon-rich material replacing coke is carbonized completely in a blast furnace, a great amount of heat energy is additionally required for evaporation, carbonization, gasification and the like of components in the carbon-rich material, the heat required during the process is balanced by additionally adding fuel and/or bringing heat through heat balance calculation in combination with total volatilization proportion, char formation rate and the like, and accordingly rising furnace gas has to carry enough heat to heat furnace burden, pyrolyze the carbon-rich material and maintain furnace top gas in a reasonable temperature range while indirect reducing agent is sufficient and flow field is reasonable, and the heat compensation involves the following two aspects:
(1) The fuel type and quantity supply at the total heat balance. The reduction of minerals into high-temperature iron liquid and the coking and carbonizing fuel after the pyrolysis and gasification of carbon-rich substances can be carried out in a mode of increasing the total amount of top-loading carbon-rich substances and/or injecting coal dust and/or recycling coal gas. Since the total volatile gas discharge temperature of the corresponding carbon-rich materials of the replaced coke is relatively lower than that of the coke oven, and since the carbonized body contains heat stored in the blast furnace, the heat energy required for compensation is greatly lower than the energy consumption value of the sum of the heat stored by the coke in the coke oven and the coke added in the coke oven, a part of heating and all pyrolysis fuel originally used for coking needs to be firstly added in a top loading way in the form of carbon-rich materials.
(2) The heating and reduction reactions of minerals, volatilization of carbon-rich substances replacing coke, temperature conditions of pyrolysis, and distribution of specific fuel reasonable heat release sites of heat consumption and distribution of heat release are combined in the blast furnace. Compared with the traditional blast furnace, since the carbon-rich substances replacing coke have an extra large amount of heat absorption above the middle part of the blast furnace, the heat cannot be completely combusted by the lower tuyere of the blast furnace to form high-temperature furnace gas for upward transmission (the upward transmission is impossible from the aspects of local overhigh temperature, overlarge gas quantity, and/or overlarge gas flow rate, and the like), but the auxiliary supply is carried out in a mode of heating high-temperature gas or combusting fuel at the part below the section of the furnace body with corresponding severe reaction and high heat consumption, and the sectional blowing is needed.
8) And (5) selecting combustion-supporting gas. The heat value of blast furnace gas as externally output fuel gas or recycled and reused to replace solid fuel and reducer is a very critical application utility index, and the heat value is mainly determined by the components of the gas. The composition of the blast furnace enriched gas depends on the type of carbon-rich material used and also on the type of combustion-supporting material injected at the tuyere of the blast furnace.
The adoption of oxygen combustion-supporting is the key for improving the quality of the coal gas and expanding the application of the coal gas, and is also a precondition that the total volume of the enriched coal gas is controlled by reducing the nitrogen content in the blast furnace coal gas so as to be capable of purifying the coal gas by using the existing coal gas treatment facilities, and oxygen is used as combustion-supporting gas as much as possible. The current main methods for extracting large amounts of industrial oxygen from the atmosphere are two major types, namely, liquefaction evaporation and pressure swing adsorption, wherein the oxygen purity of the liquefaction evaporation method is higher (more than 99%), the oxygen purity of the pressure swing adsorption method is up to 95% (the oxygen content is 85-90% in the relatively economical industrial use, and the other residual gases are mainly nitrogen), and the oxygen produced by the low-temperature liquefaction evaporation method can be used under the condition of hopefully lower nitrogen.
Under the circumstance of combustion supporting of certain high-oxygen-content gas, for example, when the coal injection amount can not be increased any more and no gas is added into injection, the temperature of an injection area needs to be restrained and regulated, or the total gas amount needs to be increased to maintain the blasting kinetic energy or the flow of furnace gas, and the like, other components need to be added, and when the combustion supporting of the high-oxygen gas is carried out by adding oxygen and other component gases (which can not be added in other forms), the top-loading carbon-rich substance needs to be increased, and water vapor and/or carbon dioxide which can be simultaneously used as a carbon gasifying agent are adopted: when the enriched gas is used for chemical raw materials, steam is used to ensure that water gas reaction occurs, so that the higher H/C ratio in the gas is realized, and the recycled gas is separated into carbon dioxide; when the enriched gas is mainly fuel or recycled, the recycled gas adopted at the moment can be dehumidified without considering gas treatment and carbon dioxide separation. When oxygen is forced to be mixed into air or added into air for high-oxygen or oxygen-enriched gas combustion supporting due to insufficient oxygen, minimum system heat requirement and maximum external heat compensation are considered in system design and measures to ensure minimum air mixing amount, and negative influence of the degradation of the gas quality due to the increase of nitrogen components on the application of the gas is concerned.
For the conventional blast furnace oxygen-enriched combustion supporting, the oxygen content in the oxygen-enriched blowing is generally considered to be over 8-12 percent, which is uneconomical, and the problems of over-high combustion temperature and low gas flow rate in a tuyere zone cause the high and low furnace temperature, and the defects of insufficient preheating and heating of furnace burden and the like cause the unsmooth furnace condition and the rise of total fuel ratio. However, under the condition of simultaneously producing gas, in order to improve the quality of the gas and the like, part of the gas needs to be recycled, a certain carbon gasification reaction in the furnace is also needed to generate the gas, namely, a gasifying agent (water vapor or carbon dioxide) needs to be added on the premise of increasing the amount of top-loading carbon-rich substances to produce the gas through the gasification reaction of the carbon, at the moment, the problems of the temperature of a tuyere area, the gas amount of a furnace belly and the like are improved to a great extent, more oxygen (breaking through the limit of oxygen enrichment of 12% or the oxygen content of 33% in hot air) needs to be added for supporting combustion to improve the pig iron and the gas production efficiency, and the quality of the gas is also improved.
9) Problems of direct reduction and indirect reduction of minerals. When the blast furnace is used as an iron-making furnace and a gas producer to simultaneously produce molten iron and enriched gas, the two product qualities and the dissipation of the respective forming processes must be comprehensively considered, and particularly under the condition of recycling part of excess gas to replace solid fuel and reducing agent, the working space for comprehensively improving and optimizing adjustment is wider for the reduction mode of iron-containing minerals in the past iron-making production by only combining the indirect reduction mode of pursuing the 'gas utilization rate' independently according to the ton iron fuel ratio by combining factors such as the peak value of externally output gas, the use balance of gas, the high-value utilization of gas, the optimal combustion efficiency of a gas user burner and the like. In other words, on the premise that the temperature of the upper material layer of the gas escape blast furnace is kept at a stable low temperature, the selection, adjustment and optimization can be carried out between iron-making benefits and gas benefits according to the product requirements.
10 Pre-heating of the injected material. The various injection materials of the blast furnace need to consume heat, and preheating and/or heating of the injection materials are very critical for reasonable heat supply of the blast furnace. The product gas may affect the quality of the gas (at least the H/C ratio of the gas) by capturing heat from the combustion in the furnace; while the negative influence on the gas quality can be reduced by the way of preheating outside the furnace, the overall energy utilization efficiency becomes low and is relatively complex. The theoretical combustion temperature and the gas quantity (flow rate) of the furnace belly in the general reasonable tuyere convolution zone are still the basis of the injection and combustion design of the rich gas blast furnace, and as the combustion supporting of oxygen (high oxygen) and the heat value of the recycled gas are improved, a plurality of injection material preheating schemes exist according to the requirements of different external gas quality and gas quantity.
When coal gas recycling is used for replacing part of solid injection coal dust and the requirement on the quality of the coal gas is not strict (for example, the coal gas is mainly used as fuel gas with higher theoretical combustion temperature), the self-heating of combustion in the furnace and the certain preheating compensation of combustion-supporting oxygen are relatively simple, efficient and economic by adopting the method of increasing the consumption of a small amount of recycling coal gas, and particularly in the electricity consumption stage; when the recycled gas is only used as pulverized coal injection fluidization carrier gas and injection gas and oxygen or high oxygen gas is adopted for supporting combustion, the internal combustion temperature self-heating of the furnace and the internal along-the-way electric heating of the gas pipeline are adopted to carry out theoretical combustion temperature increase when the injection gas is used for injection, and the auxiliary thermal compensation for preventing the condensation of higher boiling point components (for the recycled gas which is not treated by the fine gas) in the gas in the pipeline is relatively simple, efficient and economic; at the moment, carbon monoxide in the product after incomplete combustion of the gas used for preheating the fuel gas and the combustion-supporting gas can be used for indirect reduction of iron-containing minerals in the ascending process, carbon dioxide and water vapor in the product can be reduced into carbon monoxide and water gas by a carbon gasifying agent, part of the carbon monoxide and the water gas participate in indirect reduction of the minerals, and the rest part of the carbon monoxide and the water gas are collected into blast furnace gas; the physical heat of the corresponding gas added by the preheated and heated fuel gas and the combustion-supporting gas is mostly discharged to the material in the furnace in the process of rising, and the material is recycled. In other words, the blast furnace for recycling the enriched gas adopts an oxygenerator to replace a hot blast furnace.
When coal gas is recycled to replace all or most of injected coal dust and the quality requirement of the coal gas produced by a blast furnace is strict, oxygen or high-oxygen combustion-supporting gas adopts the increased coal gas consumption to perform combustion heating in the furnace and perform preheating compensation in a fuel gas assisting pipeline; the circulating reuse gas with large consumption should be fully preheated by the idle hot blast stove at the moment so as to reduce the fuel consumption in the stove and improve the quality of the top summarized gas.
When the requirement of the externally supplied gas is large and the recycled gas is not used, the oxygen or the high-oxygen combustion-supporting gas is preheated by heating in a pipeline; the fuel and the reducing agent should increase the dosage of the top-loading carbon-rich substances and the coal injection quantity, increase the preheating degree of the coal gas used as the carrier gas for coal injection and the blowing gas, and can also simultaneously control the theoretical combustion temperature and ensure the gas quantity of the furnace belly by adding a certain amount of water vapor, and increase the yield of the coal gas.
11 For further utilizing the sensible heat of the gas and the utilization rate of the carbon substance in the furnace, the temperature of the gas when the lower top gas is discharged should be controlled, and the temperature is preferably not more than 120 ℃ in normal condition; when relatively high-value components with lower boiling points are required to be recovered from the gas as chemical products, the corresponding top gas temperature can be established according to the physical properties of the components, and the recovery and the utilization of the sensible heat of the gas are considered when the top gas temperature is required to be high enough.
12 Generally, gas-enriched blast furnace ironmaking is a complex process of material balance, energy balance, momentum balance, iron-bearing mineral reduction, carbon-rich material pyrolysis and other chemical reactions, can be preliminarily determined based on theoretical calculation of thermodynamic, kinetic and other physical and chemical conditions of the process and various related parameters after optimization in combination with process practice, and can be perfected through practical operation verification. The RIST operation line and the like widely adopted at present can be fully used for specific guidance of actual operation when fully considering the action of hydrogen.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) According to the method for enriching the blast furnace gas, the high-volatile carbon-rich substance is directly added into the furnace from the upper part along with the blast furnace material to complete coking into carbon by one step, so that the carbon-rich substance can be pyrolyzed to more gas during coking before being carbonized in the furnace compared with the coke used by the blast furnace in the prior art and even the coking coal for correspondingly producing the coke in the whole process, thereby further improving the quantity value and the heat value of the blast furnace gas and endowing the blast furnace with the function of producing incremental high heat value gas.
2) According to the method for enriching the blast furnace gas, the adopted biomass materials can be particles, segmented blocks and pressed blocks, so that a channel is provided for the simple and environment-friendly mass use of biomass (particularly biomass waste, household garbage and the like which are difficult to safely and environmentally-friendly and directly utilize), and the method is beneficial to reducing the use of fossil energy and realizing carbon neutralization.
3) According to the method for enriching the blast furnace gas, disclosed by the invention, the fossil carbon-rich substances with high volatile components can be all selected from the coal types of non-coking coal, so that the serious dependence on coking coal can be eliminated, and the shortage degree of coking coal types is relieved.
4) According to the method for enriching the blast furnace gas, disclosed by the invention, the heat value of the blast furnace gas is increased, the theoretical combustion temperature is increased, the efficiency of a combustor is improved, the application range of the blast furnace gas is enlarged, and the use value of the blast furnace gas is improved.
5) The method for enriching the blast furnace gas can be used for directly producing coal and/or biomass gas by using the high-volatile carbon-rich substance enriched gas in the blast furnace, and can replace or compensate the notch of the corresponding coke oven gas reduced by the coke yield even under the condition of partial recycling.
6) The method for enriching the blast furnace gas has the advantages that the blast furnace has higher pressure relative to a coke oven, the heating rate of carbon-rich substances is low, and because of the relatively lower temperature of the top gas, high boiling point components pyrolyzed in the gas are condensed on the surfaces of materials and dust when the materials are in reverse descending low-temperature, and are mostly adhered to each other and are pyrolyzed again after descending along with the materials, so that the carbon-rich substances only have two states of gas and carbonization bodies after pyrolysis, thereby being beneficial to expanding the types of carbon-containing materials for the blast furnace and improving the char formation rate of the carbon-rich substances.
7) According to the method for enriching the blast furnace gas, disclosed by the invention, due to the fact that the blast furnace has higher pressure and relatively lower top gas temperature relative to a coke oven, and the high-boiling-point components in the pyrolysis gas are condensed and pyrolyzed again on the surface of the downlink materials, a large amount of harmful substances are consumed in the furnace after pyrolysis of the carbon-rich substances, and the treatment difficulty of the harmful substances in the gas is reduced.
8) The blast furnace gas enrichment method can simply and conveniently recover part of high-value lower-boiling-point component hydrocarbon by utilizing the technology and the device for treating the coke oven gas through controlling the temperature of the blast furnace top gas.
9) The method for enriching the blast furnace gas has little increment of total gas quantity under the condition of oxygen or high oxygen gas combustion supporting, and can completely utilize the existing blast furnace gas treatment system to implement the purification of gas dust removal, desulfurization and the like.
10 The method overcomes the negative influence of insufficient gas momentum and the like caused by the reduction of the total gas amount when oxygen or high-oxygen gas is used for supporting combustion, and further recovers energy through TRT.
11 The existing blast furnace with extremely high heat efficiency is utilized to produce coal and/or biomass gas, so that the storage assets can be fully utilized, the construction of large-capacity independent gas production facilities is reduced, and the social investment is saved.
12 According to the method for enriching the blast furnace gas, the high-volatile carbon-rich substances are carbonized in the furnace, so that the dependence of the blast furnace on finished coke is reduced in a long-flow system for steel production, the energy-saving and environment-friendly progress is realized, the carbon-rich substances can be converted into the high-quality gas of energy and chemical raw materials which are simple, convenient, clean and efficient to use, and particularly, after the method is completely adopted by a long-flow enterprise blast furnace, the environment-friendly clean energy of coal and/or biomass and a regional large-scale industrial system for converting and using the raw materials can be formed.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a method for enriching blast furnace gas, which is specifically implemented as follows: the steel shell block internally packaged with high-volatile fossil and/or biological carbon-rich substance powder particles and slurry uniformly mixed matters for coking and carbonizing is used for blast furnace ironmaking by jointly replacing part or all of coke by the high-volatile fossil and/or biomass carbon-rich block matters with corresponding proportion, and a large amount of pyrolysis gas is generated before carbonizing the carbon-rich substances by utilizing the heat energy in the blast furnace to be imported, so that the blast furnace gas enrichment with the total amount increase and the unit heat value increase under the gas combustion supporting condition with high oxygen content is realized.
Furthermore, the high-volatile fossil carbon-rich substance particles or high-volatile carbon-rich stone blocks are bituminous coal and/or lignite, especially low-sulfur and low-ash coal which cannot be used as coking coal under the prior art condition; the slurry of high volatile fossil and/or biological carbon-rich substances is a processing byproduct of the corresponding materials, and the leftovers are recovered.
Furthermore, when the gas production stage is excessive, the high-volatile fossil carbon-rich substance powder particles or fossil carbon-rich blocks can be matched with anthracite coal to replace the bituminous coal and/or lignite according to the gas production and gas balance relation.
Further, the steel shell block is in the shape of a straight surface, a curved surface or a combination of straight curved surfaces, the maximum value of the dimension direction dimension of the relative minimum of equivalent length, width (height) and thickness in three dimensions is 20-60 mm, and the thickness of the steel shell is 0.06-0.4 mm;
furthermore, the shape of the carbon-rich fossil and/or biomass block is a straight surface, a curved surface or a combination of straight surfaces, and the maximum value of the dimension direction dimension of the relative minimum of equivalent length, width (height) and thickness three dimensions is 10-80 mm, so that the carbon-rich fossil and/or biomass block is a segmented body or a pressed body.
Furthermore, the high-oxygen-content gas combustion-supporting is oxygen combustion-supporting of a blast furnace for preparing oxygen by cryogenic evaporation or pressure swing adsorption, or oxygen-enriched gas with oxygen content not less than 33% after adding a small amount of other gases into the oxygen is used for combustion-supporting.
Furthermore, the control of the blast furnace temperature distribution, the gas flow velocity distribution and the like of process equipment and operation is considered by combining the carbon balance, the hydrogen balance, the oxygen balance, the heat balance and the like of the reaction design, the type and the total amount of the carbon-rich substances designed by the process, the proportion of the closed carbon-rich substances and the open carbon-rich substance fast piles in the steel shell block, the gas quantity recycled, the combustion-supporting high-oxygen-content gas type, the preheating mode and the degree of the injection substances and the like, and the blast furnace gas enrichment with the increase of the total gas quantity and the improvement of the unit heat value is realized on the premise of ensuring the stability, the smoothness, the high efficiency and the economy of the blast furnace ironmaking.
The invention is further described below in connection with specific embodiment examples.
Example 1
The method for enriching the blast furnace gas in the embodiment comprises the steps of filling high-volatile carbon-rich materials and high-volatile carbon-rich blocks in a steel shell block. The steel shell block container is a round box with a cover and a carbon steel shell with the diameter of 60mm and the height of 40mm, and the thickness of the round box shell is 0.14mm; the high-volatile carbon-rich material particles filled in the steel shell block are 30% of lignite (PM 30-50%), 60% of bituminous coal (G (not less than 30)), 5% of saw dust and 5% of crushed urban paper-plastic mixture, the total water content of the materials is 5.8%, the materials are mixed under specified conditions and are rapidly heated to form coke, and the bonding capability of the mixed coal sample is evaluated according to the strength of the coke block; the high volatile carbon-rich bulk is in a thickness range of 20% The wood blocks after the box plates and the cabinet frames are broken are enclosed to be 10-80 mm, 30% of the wood blocks are the above-screen brown coal blocks with the screen mesh sizes of 20mm and 60mm respectively after breaking, and 50% of the wood blocks are the above-screen brown coal blocks with the screen mesh sizes of 10mm and 50mm respectively after breaking. The high-volatile carbon-rich material and the high-volatile carbon-rich block filled in the steel shell block are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1 and then added into a blast furnace, wherein the average fixed carbon weight ratio of the mixed material is 40%, the ash content is 8%, and the total volatile is 52%. All the carbon-rich materials are mixed and then added into the blast furnace in the same layer, and the average weight ratio of the carbon-rich materials to the iron ore is 3:8 (namely, the weight is three eighths of that of the iron ore). Total generation of blast furnace gas 1510m 3 The top gas temperature is 110 ℃; the coal gas is recycled and reused as coal dust blowing gas, and the total consumption of the coal gas for pressurizing, fluidization, pressure supplementing and the like is 114m 3 Per ton of iron, 220kg of pulverized coal is injected per ton of iron; the oxygen is abundant, and full oxygen is adopted for supporting combustion; after purifying the externally-transported high-quality coal gas, respectively carrying out desulfurization, ammonia, benzene and naphthalene recovery, separation and removal of carbon dioxide, and storing in a coal gas cabinet with 1080m 3 Per ton of iron, the chemical components are: CO-42 and H 2 ％～41、CO 2 ％～2、CH 4 ％～13、N 2 ％～3。
Example 2
The method for enriching the blast furnace gas in the embodiment comprises the steps of filling high-volatile carbon-rich materials and high-volatile carbon-rich blocks in a steel shell block. The steel shell block has an appearance thickness of 40mm, the carbon steel shell has a thickness of 0.20mm, and the width and the length of the container are 55mm and 70mm respectively; the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The high-volatile carbon-rich material particles filled in the steel shell blocks are 10% of lignite (PM 30-50%), 70% of bituminous coal (G (but not as high as 30%), 15% of straw broken scraps and 5% of bottom sludge slurry of the chicken manure biogas digester in the chicken farm; the high-volatile carbon-rich block is 15% of corncob, 15% of peanut shell, 20% of crushed brown coal blocks on a sieve with the sieve mesh size of 20mm and 60mm and under-sieve brown coal blocks with the sieve mesh size of 60mm and 50% of crushed brown coal blocks on a sieve with the sieve mesh size of 10mm and under-sieve brown coal blocks with the sieve mesh size of 50 mm. Mixing the high-volatile carbon-rich material filled in the steel shell block and the high-volatile carbon-rich block according to the weight ratio of 2:3, adding into a blast furnace, and averaging the mixed materials Fixed carbon weight ratio 50%, ash content 8% and total volatile content 42%. All the carbon-rich materials are mixed and then added into the blast furnace in the same layer, and the average weight ratio of the carbon-rich materials to the iron ore is 3:8 (namely, the weight is three eighths of that of the iron ore). Total generation of blast furnace clean gas 1410m 3 The temperature of the top gas is 150 ℃; because of the temporary abundance of the overhaul gas of a main user outside for 24 hours, 700m of dust-removed and purified gas is removed 3 After preheating blast furnace gas of per ton iron, recycling and replacing all the injected pulverized coal for heating and reducing blast furnace burden (tuyere injection for 420 m) 3 Per ton of iron, 280m of furnace body injection 3 Per ton of iron); the gas preheating adopts a hot blast stove to heat to 1260 ℃, and the gas heating consumes 180m of gas 3 Per ton of iron; the full oxygen is adopted for supporting combustion, and electric heating is adopted for assisting in preheating; 530m of gas for external transportation 3 Per ton of iron, the chemical components are: CO-36, H 2 ％～31、CO 2 ％～23、CH 4 ％～10、N 2 ％～3。
Example 3
The method for enriching the blast furnace gas in the embodiment comprises the steps of filling high-volatile carbon-rich materials and high-volatile carbon-rich blocks in a steel shell block. The steel shell block container is a carbon steel sheet stretching cylinder body with the appearance thickness of 60mm, the width of 60mm and the height of 120mm, and the thickness of the shell is 0.06-0.40 mm; the high-volatile carbon-rich material particles filled in the steel shell blocks are 10% of lignite (PM 30-50%), 70% of bituminous coal (G (but not as high as 30%), 15% of straw broken scraps and 5% of bottom sludge slurry of the chicken manure biogas digester in the chicken farm; the high-volatile carbon-rich block is 10% of corncob, 20% of pressed blocks (ellipsoid with the size of 50mm of three-dimensional average diameter) of pulverized coal, crushed straw powder particles and a small amount of converter wet dust removal upper ultrafine ferric oxide slurry, 20% of screen-on brown coal blocks with the screen sizes of 20mm by 20mm and 60mm by 60mm respectively after crushing, and 50% of screen-on brown coal blocks with the screen sizes of 15mm by 15mm and 50mm by 50mm respectively after crushing. The high-volatile carbon-rich material and the high-volatile carbon-rich block filled in the steel shell block are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1 and then added into a blast furnace, wherein the average fixed carbon weight ratio of the mixed material is 50%, the ash content is 8%, and the total volatile is 42%. Mixing all carbon-rich substances, adding into blast furnace, mixing with iron ore The average weight ratio of (2) is 1:2 (i.e. the weight is one half of that of the iron mineral). Total generation of blast furnace clean gas 2280m 3 The top gas temperature is 115 ℃; because of high demand of externally supplied gas, only gas recycling is adopted as pulverized coal blowing gas, and the total consumption of the gas for pressurizing, fluidization, pressure supplementing and the like is 110m 3 110 kg/ton iron of pulverized coal is injected; oxygen is insufficient, oxygen-enriched gas added with oxygen is adopted for combustion supporting, oxygen enrichment is 12% (blast oxygen content is 33%), hot air is adopted for heating gas consumption 305m 3 Per ton of iron; spraying steam 30m 3 Iron ton to suppress tuyere zone temperature and increase gas H/C ratio; 1865m of high-quality gas is externally conveyed 3 Per ton of iron, the chemical components are: CO-23, H 2 ％～22、CO 2 ％～20、CH 4 ％～8、N 2 ％～28。
Example 4
The blast furnace gas enrichment method in the embodiment is used for replacing coke and improving gas quality. Comprises a carbon-rich material filled in a steel shell block, a directly added carbon-rich block and a biomass material. The steel shell block container has an appearance thickness of 40mm, a carbon steel shell thickness of 0.14mm, and container widths and lengths of 55mm and 70mm respectively; the carbon-rich material powder particles filled in the steel shell block are 80% of anthracite, 15% of straw broken scraps and 5% of garbage plastic broken particles; the carbon-rich cake is 20% corncob, and 80% is undersize smokeless coal cake with screen mesh sizes of 15mm by 15mm on the screen and 50mm by 50mm respectively after crushing. Mixing the high-volatile carbon-rich material filled in the steel shell block and the high-volatile carbon-rich block according to the weight ratio of 2:3, adding the mixture into a blast furnace, wherein the average fixed carbon weight ratio of the mixture is 68%, the ash content is 8%, and the total volatile is 24%. All the carbon-rich materials are mixed and then added into the blast furnace in the same layer, and the average weight ratio of the carbon-rich materials to the iron ore is 3:8 (namely, the weight is three eighths of that of the iron ore). Total generation amount of blast furnace clean gas 1207m 3 The top gas temperature is 110 ℃; 550m of dust-removed and purified water 3 The blast furnace gas of per ton iron adopts a hot blast stove to heat and then circularly recycle and replace all the injected coal dust and is used for heating and reducing blast furnace burden, and the gas consumption is 150m for gas heating 3 Per ton of iron; combustion-supporting by using full amount of oxygenPreheating is not performed to control the high temperature of the tuyere zone; 507m of gas for external delivery 3 Per ton of iron, the chemical components are: CO-38, H 2 ％～23、CO 2 ％～29、CH 4 ％～8、N 2 ％～3。
Example 5
The method for enriching the blast furnace gas in the embodiment comprises the steps of filling high-volatile carbon-rich materials and high-volatile carbon-rich blocks in a steel shell block. The steel shell block container is a carbon steel sheet stretching cylinder body with the appearance thickness of 60mm, the width of 60mm and the height of 120mm, and the thickness of the shell is 0.06-0.40 mm; the high-volatile carbon-rich material particles filled in the steel shell block are 10% of lignite (PM 30-50%), 70% of bituminous coal (G (but not as high as 30%), 15% of straw broken scraps and 5% of dehydrated slurry of meal residues; the high-volatile carbon-rich block is 10% of corncob, 20% of pressed blocks (ellipsoid with the size of 50mm of three-dimensional average diameter) of pulverized coal, crushed straw powder particles and a small amount of converter wet dust removal upper ultrafine ferric oxide slurry, 20% of screen-on brown coal blocks with the screen sizes of 20mm by 20mm and 60mm by 60mm respectively after crushing, and 50% of screen-on brown coal blocks with the screen sizes of 15mm by 15mm and 50mm by 50mm respectively after crushing. The high-volatile carbon-rich material and the high-volatile carbon-rich block filled in the steel shell block are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1 and then added into a blast furnace, wherein the average fixed carbon weight ratio of the mixed material is 50%, the ash content is 8%, and the total volatile is 42%. All the carbon-rich substances are mixed and then added into the blast furnace in the same layer, and the average weight ratio of the carbon-rich substances to the iron minerals is 3:8 (namely, the weight is one half of that of the iron minerals). Blast furnace clean gas total generation amount 1810m 3 The top gas temperature is 115 ℃; oxygen is insufficient, and oxygen-enriched gas added with oxygen is adopted to support combustion, so that the oxygen is enriched by 35 percent (the blast oxygen content is 56 percent); the total consumption of the coal gas recycling used as a substitute part of solid fuel and the reducing agent is 700m 3 Per ton of iron, and simultaneously using coal gas as coal dust blowing gas for pressurizing, fluidizing, supplementing pressure and the like, the total coal gas consumption is 55m 3 110 kg/ton iron of pulverized coal is injected; the two blast furnaces are produced by the same process, each blast furnace tuyere can be used for blasting air in parallel, and the two hot blast stoves are respectively used for heating oxygen-enriched blasting air and jetting coal gas; preheating the displaced solid fuel and the injected gas heat150m of air furnace heating gas consumption 3 Per ton of iron; 160m of heating gas consumption of hot blast stove for preheating combustion-supporting oxygen-enriched blast 3 Per ton of iron; high-quality coal gas 745m 3 Per ton of iron, the chemical components are: CO-29, H 2 ％～20、CO 2 ％～23、CH 4 ％～8、N 2 ％～22。
The terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and the like in the present specification are also used for descriptive purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention but are also to be construed as being within the scope of the invention without materially altering the technical content thereof.
Claims (3)
1. A method for enriching blast furnace gas, which is characterized in that the blast furnace is used as a coal and/or biomass gas making device to supply gas to the outside, and the method is characterized in that: the steel shell block internally packaged with high-volatile fossil and/or biological carbon-rich substance powder particles for coking and carbonizing and high-volatile fossil and/or biological carbon-rich substance slurry uniformly mixed substances is added into a blast furnace to replace all coke together for iron making, and the mixed import of reducing gas produced when pyrolysis gas is produced before carbonizing carbon-rich substances and carbon is high-temperature reduced and sprayed into gasifying agents by utilizing the internal heat of the blast furnace is utilized to realize the blast furnace gas enrichment with increased total gas generation amount and increased unit heat value under the combustion-supporting condition of high-oxygen and low-nitrogen content gas; the steel shell block is in the shape of a straight surface, a curved surface or a combination of straight curved surfaces, the thickness direction dimension in equivalent length, width or height and thickness is 20-60 mm, and the thickness of the steel shell is 0.06-0.4 mm; the high-volatile fossil and/or biomass carbon-rich block is in the shape of a straight surface, a curved surface or a combination of straight surfaces, and has the equivalent length, width or height, and thickness dimension of 10-80 mm in the thickness direction, and is a segmented body or a pressed body of high-volatile carbon-rich stone and/or biomass materials; the high-oxygen and low-nitrogen-content gas combustion-supporting is oxygen-enriched nitrogen-controlled gas combustion-supporting with the oxygen content of the combustion-supporting gas not less than 33 percent.
2. A method of enriching blast furnace gas according to claim 1, wherein: the high-volatile fossil carbon-rich substance powder particles or high-volatile fossil carbon-rich blocks are soft coal and/or brown coal, and the high-volatile fossil and/or biological carbon-rich substance slurry is a processing byproduct of corresponding fossil/biomass materials and is used for recycling leftovers.
3. A method of enriching blast furnace gas according to claim 2, wherein: when the gas production stage is excessive, the high-volatile fossil carbon-rich substance powder particles or fossil carbon-rich blocks can be matched with anthracite coal with corresponding proportion to replace the bituminous coal and/or lignite according to the gas production and gas balance relation.
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