CN104017413A - Thermal insulation putty for internal walls and application method thereof - Google Patents
Thermal insulation putty for internal walls and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a thermal insulation putty for internal walls, which is characterized in that the raw material at least contains the following components: component 1: 1 part by mass of solution containing polyhydroxy high-molecular compounds on the basis of polyhydroxy high-molecular compounds; component 2: 0.1-1 part of isocyanate foaming crosslinking agent; component 3: 10-20 parts of thermal insulation filler; component 4: 0.5-2 parts of silica sol; and component 5: 0.1-2 parts of inorganic powder material. The total water content in the solution containing polyhydroxy high-molecular compounds and silica sol is 8-16 parts. The method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the components to form a paste; plastering the paste on the surface of the internal wall of a building by a plastering construction technique, wherein the plastering thickness is 3-20 millimeters; forming distributed bubbles in the plastering layer, and crosslinking and hardening the component 1 to form the thermal insulation putty layer. The thermal insulation putty for internal walls have low volume weight and low thermal conductivity; and the foamed high polymer material is used as an adhesive and has the phase-change energy storage effect, thereby enhancing the thermal insulation property of the putty.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of material of construction, be specifically related to a kind of putty for building, there is the heat preservation putty for inner wall of building of function of heat insulation especially simultaneously.
Background technology
The development of heat preserving and insulating material is with the background that develops into of building energy conservation.In ever-increasing total energy consumption; building energy consumption accounts for 11%~25%; developed country paid close attention to building energy conservation since 1973 after energy dilemma; formulate successively relevant building energy-saving standard and constantly revised perfect; and state's heat insulating material for external industry had very long history, using heat preserving and insulating material is the energy-conservation main measure of Foreign Architecture.China's Building Energy-saving Work started since early 1990s, heat preserving and insulating material for building energy conservation is relatively less, through vicennial development, form that kind is more complete, production and the technical system of the lagging material that begins to take shape, but still had very large gap with industrially developed country.Because China's great majority building does not adopt heat insulation measure, construction wall structural thermal insulation heat-proof quality is generally lower, taking tier building as example, the heat transfer coefficient of exterior wall and roofing is 3~4 times of the approaching developed country of weather condition, the unit floor area of building power consumption of exterior wall is 4~5 times, 2.5~5.5 times, roof, 1.5~2.2 times of exterior windows, door and window air permeability will exceed 3~6 times, and the total heat transfer of China's construction unit area is 2~5 times of the approaching developed country of weather condition.
By the end of the year 2005, urban and urual areas of whole country's floor area of building is 400 billion cubic meters, urban housing floor area of building 140.9 billion cubic meters, the wherein area of residence 89.1 billion cubic meters.These house great majority are buildings of the eighties and the nineties, wherein reach 2 billion cubic meters that only have of energy-saving design standard, only account for 0.5% left and right, and 99% all belongs to high energy consumption building, even in new building, more than 95% still belong to high energy consumption building.Therefore, Building Energy-saving is badly in need of solving, and is the key that solves building energy conservation and good heat preserving and insulating material is provided.
At present, the building energy conservation means of domestic use are mainly to use fireproof heat insulation plate of outer wall, the problem that this type of sheet material exists is: one, the cohesive force between fireproof heated board and substrate is poor, conventionally major part completes with rivet and bonding mode, once aging formation stress concentration can cause sticking power to reduce, even there is the possibility that comes off, more dangerous concerning external wall of high-rise building, easily accidentally injure the crowd that passes by; Two, production energy consumption is larger comparatively speaking; Three, be difficult on the whole construction, especially obvious in higher floor construction; Four, work-ing life is relatively short.Therefore be necessary to improve for deficiency.
On the other hand, putty is a kind of decoration type material of smooth surface of wall, the screed-coat of coating bottom during generally as interior decoration.The putty using in prior art, is generally cement, gypsum, talcum powder class, and with building glue, ether of cellulose etc., as adhesion agent, stirring forms, and is aquation type product, after adding water, generally must be finished within a certain period of time.Meanwhile, this class putty only has decoration function conventionally, does not have heat preservation property.For substituting exposed wall thermal insulation plate, the industry starts to research and develop heat preservation putty.
For example, Chinese invention patent application CN103602133A discloses a kind of heat-insulation and heat-preservation putty, comprise 380~420 parts of dry powders, 180~220 parts of white cements, 80~120 parts of polyvinyl alcohol glues, 80~120 parts of coarse whitings, 65~85 parts of cenospheres, 40~60 parts of mica powders, 25~35 parts of hydroxyethyl propyl celluloses, 20~30 parts of talcum powder, 15~25 parts of aluminium silicate powder.This scheme is cement-based material, and in order to ensure cohesive strength, cenosphere, the mica powder addition with insulation effect are few, and heat insulation effect is not good.In " coatings industry " in January, 2013 disclosed " research and development of the thick matter putty of single component heat-insulation and heat-preservation for building " literary composition; disclose a kind of putty with heat-insulation and heat-preservation characteristic, it consists of, flyash compound cement 40%; 100 order glass beads 49%; 200 order glass beads 5.3%, talcum powder 2%, polypropylene fibre 0.15%; stone sand 2.2%; hardening accelerator 0.8%, water-holding agent 0.5%, glass bead treatment agent 0.05%.This scheme glass bead addition is large, and the putty thermal conductivity of acquisition is 0.062W/ (mk), can play the effect of heat-insulation and heat-preservation.But this product is also cement-based material, in conjunction with glass bead preparation, its cohesive strength is only 0.065MPa, the 0.25MPa specifying far below JG/T298-2010 " architecture indoor putty " standard.Therefore, this product is difficult to practical application.
Therefore, if the putty material of non-cement class can be provided, obtain low thermal conductivity more, more excellent heat-insulating property, meet cohesive strength requirement simultaneously, will play favourable effect for building heat preservation.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention of the present invention is to provide a kind of interior wall heat preservation putty that possesses low thermal conductivity, low unit weight and meet cohesive strength requirement, and the using method of this interior wall heat preservation putty is provided simultaneously.
To achieve the above object of the invention, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of interior wall heat preservation putty, in mass, at least contains following component in its raw materials:
Component 1, containing the solution of poly-hydroxy macromolecular compound, taking the quality of poly-hydroxy macromolecular compound wherein as 1 part;
Component 2, isocyanates foaming linking agent, 0.1~1 part;
Component 3, insulation filler, 10~20 parts;
Component 4, silicon sol solution, taking the quality of silicon-dioxide wherein as, 0.5~2 part;
Component 5, inorganic powder material, 0.1~2 part;
Comprise that total water content is 8~16 parts containing the water in poly-hydroxy macromolecular compound solution and in silicon sol solution.
Preferred technical scheme, described component 1 is polyvinyl alcohol solution, solid content is 8~20%.
The polymerization degree of polyvinyl alcohol is that 1500~5600(molecular weight is 6.6~250,000), alcoholysis degree is 75.0~99.9%.Preferably, the polymerization degree of polyvinyl alcohol is 1600~3000.
Or it is emulsion, polyethylene acetate copolymer emulsion or aqueous polyurethane emulsion that described component 1 is selected from aqueous polyvinyl acetate emulsion, acrylic emulsion, vinegar third, the solid content of emulsion is 35~55%.
In technique scheme, described component 2 is selected from 4,4 '-diphenylmethanediisocyanate or tolylene diisocyanate.
Described component 3 is selected from one or more of floating in pearl, vermiculite, glass bead, ceramic microsphere, glass microsphere, mullite, perlite, sepiolite, silica gel or polymer microballoon, and fineness is 120~200 orders.Component 3 adopts lightweight, filler that thermal conductivity is little, can make the heat preserving and insulating material obtaining have low thermal conductivity and low unit weight.
In technique scheme, the silicon sol solution solid content of described component 4 is 20~40%.
Described component 5 can react with silicon sol and generate water-fast silicate, can adopt salt or the hydroxide solids powder of calcic, magnesium, zinc metal ion.Specifically be selected from calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, calcium hydroxide, zinc oxide, magnesiumcarbonate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium hydroxide, fineness is 120~200 orders.
Further technical scheme, in mass, can add the fire retardant of 0~3 part further to improve the fire resistance of product, fire retardant is selected from one or more in magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, lanthanum trioxide, beryllium oxide, calcium oxide, zirconium white, silicon carbide, titanium carbide, tantalum carbide, boron nitride, silicon nitride, zirconium boride 99.5004323A8ure, titanium boride, hafnium boride, molybdenum disilicide, thorium sulfide or cerium sulphide, and fineness is 120~200 orders.By adding component 4, the heat preserving and insulating material of acquisition has fire performance.
In reality preparation, for adjusting the performance of product, can further add various additives, volume can be 0~0.5 part, and described additive is selected from one or more combination of stopper, water-resisting agent, sanitas, water reducer, rheological agent, viscosity stabilizer.Also can add other composition.As change with tensio-active agent its workability, with water-holding agent improve its moisture retention, with water-resisting agent improve its surface waterproofing performance, with hardening accelerator improve its early strength, with pigment modulate shades of colour, add talcum powder to improve its application property etc.The interpolation of these components is still in protection scope of the present invention.These components for example can be:
Toughener: lime, gypsum, magnesia, water glass;
Stopper:
Water-resisting agent: chloride salt (iron(ic) chloride), inorganic aluminate class, water glass class, wollastonite powder end, zirconium compounds, lipid acid and its esters, silicone based (sodium methyl silicate, methyl silicon sodium alcoholate, fluorine sodium silanolate, ethyl sodium silanolate, poly-ethyl hydroxyl siloxanes), paraffin, pitch earth, rubber and water soluble resin emulsion; Sanitas: isothiazolinone, benzimidazoles, substituted arene class, organic bromine class, organic amine, piperazine triazines, formaldehydes, sulfites and nitrites;
Water reducer: polycarboxylate water-reducer, naphthalenesulfonate water reducer;
Rheological agent: aerosil, wilkinite, hydrogenated castor oil, polyacrylate(s); Viscosity stabilizer: xanthan polymer, biological polymer, acrylic amide modified polyvinyl alcohol, guar gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, Natvosol, carboxymethyl polygalactomannan, hydroxyethyl polygalactomannan, polyacrylamide, polyacrylic, sulfonated lignin, stearic acid, OP-10, silicone oil, tween-80 (T-80), Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate.
When preparation, component 3,4,5 can be added in component 1 and mixes, then add component 2 and mix, gas is emitted in component 1 and component 2 reactions, forms the heat preserving and insulating material that is distributed with microbubble.Wherein, component 2, as the crosslinked foaming solidifying agent of component 1, can be cross-linked into porosu solid by the macromolecular compound in component 1, and makes lagging material produce mechanical strength.In the time that component 1 and component 2 are reacted, emit carbon dioxide, in lagging material, form a large amount of micro-bubbles,, the insulation filler of component 3 is wrapped up meanwhile, after sclerosis, form porous insulation material.
In chemical reaction of the present invention, the molecular weight of poly-hydroxy macromolecular compound (as polyvinyl alcohol) is large and have more hydroxyl, for isocyanates linking agent provides a large amount of active reaction points.Two keying actions in reaction, are played as the isocyanate ester compound of linking agent: on the one hand as linking agent, make the polymerization of poly-hydroxy macromolecular compound; React with water as whipping agent on the other hand and generate unsettled intermediate product, then resolve into organic amine and carbon dioxide.The carbonic acid gas producing by above reaction forms micro-pore, is evenly distributed in system, and dry rear hollow structure and the microbubble forming greatly reduces thermal conductivity, becomes the lagging material of excellent performance.Meanwhile, the whole product that is incorporated as of foaming linking agent provides main cohesive strength.
If add other component, the additives such as fire retardant, stopper, water-resisting agent, toughener, sanitas, water reducer, rheological agent, viscosity stabilizer can be blended in component 1 in the lump, for example, component 3,4,5 and additive are added in component 1 and mixed, add again component 2 and mix, gas is emitted in component 1 and component 2 reactions, forms the heat preserving and insulating material that is distributed with microbubble.
During as product, can be made into the product of two components, also can be made into the product of three components.
Wherein two component products are first component 1,3,4,5 and additive to be mixed and be packaged into component A, and component 2 is packaged into separately component B, when use, component B is joined in component A, mixes.Additive can be put into component A.
Three component products are that component 1 is packaged into separately to component A, component 2 is packaged into separately component B, component 3,4,5 and other dust diluents or additive are packaged into component C after mixing, when use, first component B is joined in component A, mix, and then add component C, mix.Additive can be put into component A.
Above-mentioned interior wall by the using method of heat preservation putty is, each component is mixed, form paste, the paste of acquisition is spread upon to buildings inner, external wall surface by plastering construction technique, smearing thickness is 3~20 millimeters, component 1 and component 2 reactions are emitted carbon dioxide and in smear layer, are formed the bubble distributing, and make the crosslinked sclerosis of component 1, form heat preservation putty layer.After sclerosis, the thermal conductivity of heat preservation putty is less than 0.1 (W/m.k), and unit weight is less than 400 (kg/m
3).
Because technique scheme is used, the present invention compared with prior art has following advantages:
1, the invention provides a kind of multi-component interior wall heat preservation putty, by chemical foaming can produce a large amount of evenly and the fine and smooth sealings pore that declines, the open pore simultaneously forming between polymer cross-linked material and insulation filler after dry solidification for material provides can respiratory; Be equipped with again a large amount of closure hollow insulation fillers, ensured low unit weight and the lower thermal conductivity of material.
2, because component 1 reacts and formed dead front type microbubble with component 2, and component 3 is incubated the physical property sealed porosity that filler has, make material there is ultralow unit weight and thermal conductivity, make material there is the principal feature of high heat-proof quality, enhanced water resistance and freeze-thawing resistant cycle performance.
3, because component 4 reacts with component 5 and the rear silicate that generates that dewaters, this silicate has certain mechanical strength, can improve the intensity of heat preservation putty.
4, owing to not using, not producing harmful material in this product preparation process, because of but a kind of environmentally friendly product.
5, in the present invention, phase-changing energy storage material is made up of two parts, the one, mineral porous material, the 2nd, foaming polymer material, due to cement not, cohesive strength is high on the one hand, on the other hand, foaming polymer material both used as binding agent, had again phase-change accumulation energy effect, thereby the heat-insulating property that has improved putty, possesses creativeness.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the product of embodiment mono-.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described:
Embodiment mono-: the preparation of heat preservation putty:
Each component is as follows by mass:
A component: polyvinyl alcohol water solution (solid content 10%): 10 parts (being 1 part of solid, 9 parts, water);
B component: foaming linking agent 4,4-diphenylmethanediisocyanate: 0.25 part;
C component: 200 orders float 12.5 parts, pearl, 120 order perlites: 1.25 parts;
D component: silicon sol (30% solid content): 2.5 parts (being 0.75 part of solid, 1.75 parts, water);
E component: calcium carbonate: 0.5 part
Using method: working-yard weighs liquid material component A and B component to be pre-mixed in proportion, utilizes mechanical stirring evenly.Then while stirring component C, D, E are slowly poured in agitator kettle, when mix, the homogenizer that adopts rotating speed to be not less than 1000r/min stirs, and high-speed stirring 5min obtains heat preservation putty.Spread upon inner wall of building surface by plastering construction technique, smearing thickness is 3~20 millimeters, and A component and B component reaction are emitted carbon dioxide and in smear layer, formed the bubble distributing, and makes the crosslinked sclerosis of A component, forms heat preservation putty layer.
Figure 1 shows that the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the heat preservation putty of acquisition, wherein middle dark porous part is the high-molecular porous foaming body material containing a large amount of microbubbles that A, the reaction of B component generate, and ball is for floating pearl filler, and black place is ventilative hole.
The performance index of heat preservation putty are as shown in the table:
Test item | Standard-required | Embodiment mono- | Embodiment bis- |
Condition in container | Without caking, evenly | Without caking, evenly | Without caking, evenly |
Application property | Blade coating is accessible | Blade coating is accessible | Blade coating is accessible |
Cohesive strength MPa | >0.25 | 0.32 | 0.38 |
Thermal conductivity W/m.k | ≤0.06 | 0.051 | 0.048 |
Unit weight kg/m 3 | ≤380 | 360 | 350 |
Low tempertaure storage stability | -5 DEG C of freezing 4h are unchanged, and blade coating is without difficulty | Meet | Meet |
Embodiment bis-: the making of heat preservation putty
Each component is as follows by weight:
A component: aqueous polyvinyl acetate emulsion (solid content 10%): 10 parts (being 1 part of solid, 9 parts, water);
B component: foaming linking agent 4,4-diphenylmethanediisocyanate: 0.5 part;
C component: 200 orders float 6.25 parts, pearl, 200 5.75 parts of order vermiculites, 120 order perlites: 2 parts;
D component: 3 parts of silicon sol (30% solid content) (containing 0.9 part of solid, 2.1 parts, water).
E component: calcium carbonate: 1 part
Using method: working-yard weighs liquid material component A and B component and toughener to be pre-mixed in proportion, utilizes mechanical stirring evenly.Then while stirring component C, D, E are slowly poured in agitator kettle, when mix, the homogenizer that adopts rotating speed to be not less than 1000r/min stirs, high-speed stirring 5min obtains heat preservation putty, the heat preservation putty of the present embodiment configuration is than the intensity of embodiment mono-higher (cohesive strength is 0.35MPa), and heat-insulating property is (thermal conductivity is 0.041W/m.k) better.
Embodiment tri-: a kind of heat preservation putty, each component is as follows by weight:
A component: aqueous polyvinyl acetate emulsion (solid content 20%): 5 parts (being 1 part of solid, 4 parts, water)
B component: foaming linking agent 4,4-diphenylmethanediisocyanate: 0.5 part
C component: 200 orders float 10.5 parts, pearl, 120 order magnesium oxide: 0.85 part.
D component: 3 parts of silicon sol (30% solid content) (containing 0.9 part of solid, 2.1 parts, water).
E component: calcium carbonate: 1 part
Add 0.05 part of polycarboxylate water-reducer (40% solid content).
Using method: working-yard weighs liquid material component A and B component and water reducer to be pre-mixed in proportion, utilizes mechanical stirring evenly.Then while stirring component C, D, E are slowly poured in agitator kettle, when mix, the homogenizer that adopts rotating speed to be not less than 1000r/min stirs, and high-speed stirring 5min obtains heat preservation putty.Intensity: 0.3MPa, thermal conductivity 0.06W/m.k.
Embodiment tetra-: a kind of heat preservation putty, each component is as follows by weight:
A component: aqueous polyvinyl acetate emulsion (solid content 15%): 6.67 parts (being 1 part of solid, 5.67 parts, water)
B component: foaming linking agent tolylene diisocyanate: 0.44 part
C component: 200 orders float 13.3 parts, pearl, 120 order aluminum oxide: 0.44 part.
D component: 5 parts of silicon sol (30% solid content) (containing 1.5 parts of solids, 3.5 parts, water).
E component: calcium carbonate: 1 part
Add 0.05 part of waterproofing agent of organosilicon.
Using method: working-yard weighs liquid material component A and B component and water-resisting agent to be pre-mixed in proportion, utilizes mechanical stirring evenly.Then while stirring component C, D, E are slowly poured in agitator kettle, when mix, the homogenizer that adopts rotating speed to be not less than 1000r/min stirs, and high-speed stirring 5min obtains heat preservation putty.
Embodiment five: a kind of heat preservation putty, each component is as follows by weight:
A component: EVA copolymer emulsion (solid content 20%): 5 parts (being 1 part of solid, 4 parts, water)
B component: foaming linking agent tolylene diisocyanate: 0.45 part
C component: 200 orders float 16.25 parts, pearl.
D component: 6 parts of silicon sol (30% solid content) (containing 1.8 parts of solids, 4.2 parts, water).
E component: calcium carbonate: 1.5 parts
Using method: working-yard weighs liquid material component A and B component to be pre-mixed in proportion, utilizes mechanical stirring evenly.Then while stirring component C, D, E are slowly poured in agitator kettle, when mix, the homogenizer that adopts rotating speed to be not less than 1000r/min stirs, and high-speed stirring 5min obtains heat preservation putty.
Embodiment six: a kind of heat preservation putty, each component is as follows by weight:
A component: EVA copolymer emulsion (solid content 30%): 3.33 parts (being 1 part of solid, 2.33 parts, water)
B component: foaming linking agent tolylene diisocyanate: 0.5 part
C component: 200 orders float 10 parts, pearl, 120 order magnesium oxide: 0.83 part
D component: 6 parts of silicon sol (30% solid content) (containing 1.8 parts of solids, 4.2 parts, water).
E component: calcium carbonate: 1.2 parts
Separately add water 3.33 parts (water amounts to 9.86 parts).
Using method: working-yard weighs liquid material component A and B component to be pre-mixed in proportion, utilizes mechanical stirring evenly.Then while stirring component C, D, E are slowly poured in agitator kettle, when mix, the homogenizer that adopts rotating speed to be not less than 1000r/min stirs, and high-speed stirring 5min obtains heat preservation putty.
Claims (10)
1. an interior wall heat preservation putty, is characterized in that, in mass, at least contains following component in its raw materials:
Component 1, containing the solution of poly-hydroxy macromolecular compound, taking the quality of poly-hydroxy macromolecular compound wherein as 1 part;
Component 2, isocyanates foaming linking agent, 0.1~1 part;
Component 3, insulation filler, 10~20 parts;
Component 4, silicon sol solution, taking the quality of silicon-dioxide wherein as, 0.5~2 part;
Component 5, inorganic powder material, 0.1~2 part;
Comprise that total water content is 8~16 parts containing the water in poly-hydroxy macromolecular compound solution and in silicon sol solution.
2. interior wall heat preservation putty according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described component 1 is polyvinyl alcohol solution, and solid content is 6~15%.
3. interior wall heat preservation putty according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the polymerization degree of polyvinyl alcohol is 1500~5600, and alcoholysis degree is 75.0~99.9%.
4. interior wall heat preservation putty according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the polymerization degree of polyvinyl alcohol is 1600~3000.
5. interior wall heat preservation putty according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: it is emulsion, polyethylene acetate copolymer emulsion or aqueous polyurethane emulsion that described component 1 is selected from aqueous polyvinyl acetate emulsion, acrylic emulsion, vinegar third, and the solid content of emulsion is 35~55%; Described component 2 is selected from 4,4 '-diphenylmethanediisocyanate or tolylene diisocyanate; Described component 3 is selected from one or more of floating in pearl, vermiculite, glass bead, ceramic microsphere, glass microsphere, mullite, perlite, sepiolite, silica gel or polymer microballoon, and fineness is 120~200 orders.
6. heat insulating inner wall putty according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the silicon sol solution solid content of described component 4 is 20~40%.
7. heat insulating inner wall putty according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described component 5 is selected from calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, calcium hydroxide, zinc oxide, magnesiumcarbonate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium hydroxide, and fineness is 120~200 orders.
8. interior wall heat preservation putty according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in mass, contain 0~3 part of fire retardant, described fire retardant is selected from one or more in magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, lanthanum trioxide, beryllium oxide, calcium oxide, zirconium white, silicon carbide, titanium carbide, tantalum carbide, boron nitride, silicon nitride, zirconium boride 99.5004323A8ure, titanium boride, hafnium boride, molybdenum disilicide, thorium sulfide or cerium sulphide, and fineness is 120~200 orders.
9. interior wall heat preservation putty according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in mass, contain 0~0.5 part of additive, described additive is selected from: toughener, stopper, water-resisting agent, sanitas,
The combination of one or more in water reducer, rheological agent, viscosity stabilizer.
10. the using method of interior wall use heat preservation putty described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: each component is mixed, form paste, the paste of acquisition is spread upon to inner wall of building surface by plastering construction technique, smearing thickness is 3~20 millimeters, and component 1 and component 2 reactions are emitted carbon dioxide and in smear layer, formed the bubble distributing, and make component 1 be cross-linked into organic polymer, component 4 reacts with component 5 and generates silicate inorganic polymkeric substance, forms together heat preservation putty layer.
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