CN103981434A - Preparation method for high-toughness nodular cast iron - Google Patents
Preparation method for high-toughness nodular cast iron Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103981434A CN103981434A CN201410230659.6A CN201410230659A CN103981434A CN 103981434 A CN103981434 A CN 103981434A CN 201410230659 A CN201410230659 A CN 201410230659A CN 103981434 A CN103981434 A CN 103981434A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- iron
- cast iron
- nodulizing
- adopt
- chemical composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000616 Ferromanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe] DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 16
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- MHKWSJBPFXBFMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Fe] MHKWSJBPFXBFMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004072 SiFe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- VAKIVKMUBMZANL-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron phosphide Chemical compound P.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] VAKIVKMUBMZANL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical compound S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method for high-toughness nodular cast iron, which is a method for producing high-toughness nodular cast iron by utilizing a medium-frequency electric furnace and selecting materials such as cast iron which is low in sulfur, phosphor and manganese content, waste steel, and the like. The preparation method mainly comprises chemical component design, furnace burden selection, medium-frequency furnace smelting, a nodulizing agent selection and nodulizing treatment method, a nucleating agent selection and nucleating treatment method, and the like. The method disclosed by the invention does not need thermal treatment and desulfuration treatment, is less in processes, adopts a wet type sand production line to manufacture QT600-10 casting pieces, has casting efficiency higher than that of sand-lined iron type, and is low in cost. The produced nodular cast iron is high in strength, good in plasticity and toughness, can be used for components such as a transmission shaft, a rear axle shell, a differential mechanism shell, a bracket, and the like for a car and a tractor chassis.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to metal material field, relate to a kind of preparation method of the method for utilizing middle frequency furnace to prepare high tough spheroidal graphite cast iron, particularly a kind of high tough spheroidal graphite cast iron.
Background technology:
Spheroidal graphite cast iron is because of the advantage of its manufacture and economic aspect, have that intensity is higher simultaneously, the good over-all properties such as good toughness, wear resisting property are good, with it replace carbon steel, steel alloy etc. as a kind of good engineering materials, be widely used in I. C. engine crankshaft, gear, connecting rod, housing, and on the important spare part such as cast tube.
Along with improving constantly of engine power, performance requriements to relevant device, part is more and more higher, the part that some work under the particular surroundingss such as high speed, high pressure, high temperature, heavy duty, corrosion, often, because it is quick or abnormal damage makes whole equipment scrapping, causes huge loss.Traditional automobile, transmission shaft, rear axle housing body, differential carrier, support etc. for tractor chassis, mainly adopt QT450-10 or QT600-3, abroad QT500-7 that adopt as many in Russia at home.Along with improving constantly of power, in power transmission process, when particularly speed change is with brake, owing to bearing the effect of strong moment of torsion and revolution fatigue stress, still adopt the ductile iron material of assembling low power QT450-10, QT600-3 or QT500-7 standard brand, easily there is cracking phenomena in related components, when therefore improving these component strengths of materials, takes into account high toughness plasticity, seems very necessary.
At present, every country adopting by equivalent international standard ISO1083-87 (spheroidal graphite cast iron classification), conventional has: QT400-18, QT450-10, QT500-7, QT600-3, QT700-2 etc., the planet carrier of certain big-power tractor drive axle and cone driving support seat have exceeded this standard to the performance requriements of material.Its difficult point is: in requiring high strength (tensile strength is not less than 600MPa), also require high toughness plasticity (elongation is not less than 10%), meet high strength and high tenacity simultaneously, conventionally need carry out the methods such as appropriate heat treatment (as isothermal quenching) just can reach, therefore, under as-cast condition, there is very large difficulty.
The report of domestic and international similar research application is little.2007/6 modern cast iron discloses the piston on the cylindrical diesel pile driver that Guangzhou Diesel Engine Factory produces, its as-cast characteristic requires to reach QT600-10, adopt following technical measures: (1) adopts cupola furnace electric furnace double melting, and nitrogen blowing stirring desulphurization, guarantees original iron melt w (S
former)≤0.020%; (2) adopt sand faced cast iron mould process, and suitably control w (Mg) and w (RE) content, to obtain higher nodularization rate; (3) adopt containing copper nodularizer, and intensive inoculation, to obtain appropriate perlite and ratio of ferrite.Mining machinery the 34th volume the 4th phase in 2006, the open investigator of Zhengzhou University adopted the melting technology of cupola furnace and electric furnace duplex, and carried out secondary desulfuration processing and successfully produce the high tough spheroidal graphite cast iron of QT600-10.But the method for this two places report all will adopt desulfurization processing, operation is comparatively complicated.
Summary of the invention:
In sum, in order to overcome the deficiency of prior art problem, the invention provides and a kind ofly utilize middle frequency furnace, by selecting the starting material such as low-sulfur pig iron, steel scrap smelting iron liquid to produce the method for high tough ductile cast iron casting, mainly comprise chemical composition design, furnace charge selects and intermediate frequency furnace melting, nodulizing agent selection and nodulizing process, nucleating agent are selected and inoculation treating method etc.Present method does not need thermal treatment and desulfurization processing, and operation is few, adopts green sand production line to manufacture QT600-10 foundry goods, higher than sand faced cast iron mould process efficiency, cost is low; High, the plasticity of spheroidal graphite cast iron intensity and the good toughness produced, can be used for automobile, the component such as transmission shaft, rear axle housing body, differential carrier, support for tractor chassis.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of high tough spheroidal graphite cast iron, the mass percent of its material chemical composition is:
C:3.60%～3.80%, Si:2.50%～2.80%, Mn:0.30%～0.50%, P≤0.05%, S≤0.02%, Mg:0.030%～0.050%, RE:0.020%～0.040%, Cu:0.50%～0.70%, surplus is Fe.
A preparation method for high tough spheroidal graphite cast iron, comprises the following steps:
The first step, chemical composition design, the final chemical composition of material is by mass percentage:
C:3.60%～3.80%, Si:2.50%～2.80%, Mn:0.30%～0.50%, P≤0.05%, S≤0.02%, Mg:0.030%～0.050%, RE:0.020%～0.040%, Cu:0.50%～0.70%, surplus is Fe;
Second step, furnace charge are selected and intermediate frequency furnace melting: adopt medium-frequency induction furnace smelting iron liquid, the batching Chemical Composition of stokehold original iron melt is C:3.60%～3.80%, Si:1.00%～1.60%, Mn :≤0.20%, P≤0.05%, S≤0.03%, surplus is Fe; Select sulfur-bearing, phosphorus, the pig iron, steel scrap and foundry returns that manganese amount is low, there is no desulfurization process, proportioning (mass percent) is: Sheng Tie ︰ Fei Gang ︰ foundry returns=30%～60% ︰ 10%～30% ︰ surplus foundry returns, load weighted furnace charge is added to melting in stove, ensure original iron melt chemical composition before treatment requirement, 1450～1480 DEG C of iron liquid tapping temperatures; Adopt the spheroidizing of lid bag, nodulizing agent add-on is pressed 1.0% of iron clad liquid weight, adopts and pours method, and nodulizing agent add-on is generally 1.2%～1.4% or higher;
The 3rd step, nodulizing agent are selected and nodulizing process: nodulizing agent is to adopt FeSiRE3Mg8 nodulizing agent, wherein containing Ca2.5%～3.5%, and MgO≤0.7%; Nodulizing process is to adopt to cover bag method and carry out spheroidizing;
The 4th step, nucleating agent are selected and inoculation: adopt late inoculation: first, in hot metal ladle, adopt the WL nucleating agent of baric 4%～6%, add-on is 0.2%～0.25%, granularity is 3～10mm, all the other are the supplementary silicon amount of 75SiFe nucleating agent, to ensure the final silicone content of material, add ferromanganese and electrolytic copper that the final chemical composition of material requires simultaneously; Secondary current-following inoculation adopts 75SiFe nucleating agent, and add-on is 0.1%, granularity 0.5～1.5mm; Teeming temperature is 1340～1380 DEG C, pours into a mould keel block when production line pouring cast part;
The spheroidal graphite cast iron that the 5th step, melting obtain after testing, 1～3 grade of spheroidization of graphite rank, matrix is 40%～60% ferrite+perlite, tensile strength >=600MPa, elongation >=10.0%, hardness 190～250HB.
Further, Q10 or the Q12 pig iron that the described pig iron is sulfur-bearing, phosphorus, manganese amount is low.
Suitable chemical composition is the prerequisite that ensures to produce premium properties foundry goods.The method of acquisition as cast condition high intensity and high ductility plasticity mixed matrix magnesium iron and pearlite matrix and ferrite matrix spheroid have obvious difference, chemical composition will ensure perlite suitable in matrix and ferrite content when selected, the content of conventionally looking younger is most not less than 30%, particularly there is a certain amount of ferrite (being advisable 40%～60%), to ensure higher toughness plasticity, carry out on this basis alloying, as add a certain amount of Cu, Mn, and higher Si strengthens ferrite, thereby obtain higher intensity.
The chemical composition effect of selecting in the present invention is as follows:
Carbon and silicon: while manufacturing spheroidal graphite cast iron, owing to adding nodulizing agent to carry out spheroidizing, eutectic point in phasor is moved to right to carbon equivalent 4.6%～4.8% or higher, for the casting manufacturability having kept, improve the mobility of iron liquid, reduce the shrinkage defect of chilling tendency and foundry goods, carbon amount is conventionally much higher than graphitic cast iron; But carbon amount also can not be too high, the too high easy generation carbon floatage of carbon, reduces mechanical castings.Therefore be 3.60%～3.80% by carbon control.Silicon promotes greying, plays inoculation(effect), reduces chilling tendency, element segregation and crystallization super cooling tendency in spheroidizing process; Silicon is in the time of certain limit, and silicon amount increases, and in matrix, ferrite content increases, and perlite reduces, and the toughness plasticity of spheroidal graphite cast iron increases, but silicon is increased to after certain content, significantly improves tough-crisp transition temperature of magnesium iron; The span of control of Si amount is 2.50%～2.80%.
Manganese: stabilizing pearlite element, a part of manganese can dissolve in and in ferrite, improve spheroidal graphite cast iron intensity and hardness, but reduces its plasticity and toughness; Form a small amount of carbide segregation simultaneously on crystal boundary, reduce the mechanical property of foundry goods; Therefore be, 0.30%～0.50% by the control of manganese amount.
Sulphur: sulphur and nodularization element magnesium and rare earth element have very strong chemical combination ability, generates sulfide or oxysulfide, not only consumes nodulizing agent, makes nodularization effect unstable, and the inclusion generating significantly reduces intensity, plasticity and the toughness of magnesium iron; Control original iron melt S≤0.030%, S≤0.020% after nodularization, to ensure nodularization quality.
Phosphorus: when phosphorus content is too high, easily segregation forms iron phosphide eutectic in eutectic cell border, reduces intensity, plasticity and the toughness of magnesium iron; Control P≤0.06% or lower.
Magnesium and rare earth: magnesium and rare earth have spheroidization, the pure magnesium of external employing is mostly produced spheroidal graphite cast iron, China adopts rare earth magnesium nodularizer to produce magnesium iron conventionally, wherein magnesium plays main spheroidization, but the activity of magnesium is very strong, the iron liquid reaction of pure magnesium processing is violent, the splash phenomena while adding a certain amount of rare earth can reduce iron liquid spheroidizing reacion, rare earth also plays auxiliary spheroidization, and plays the effect of purifying molten iron, anti-nodularization interference element.But content of rare earth exceedes after certain numerical value, graphite shape can be damaged, and produces graphite morphology; In the time that in iron liquid, residual rare earth content increases, nodulizing grade is variation gradually, and tensile strength and toughness also reduce gradually; The residual quantity control of magnesium and rare earth is Mg0.030%～0.050%, RE0.020%～0.040%.
Copper: promote eutectic graphite, can reduce or eliminate the formation of free cementite; In the time of eutectoid transformation, promote the formation of matrix Medium pearlite, reduce ferrite content; Along with the increase of copper amount, spheroidal graphite cast iron tensile strength increases, but elongation declines to some extent.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The tough spheroidal graphite cast iron tensile strength of height of preparation is greater than 600MPa, elongation is greater than 10%, performance index exceed international standard and Chinese Industrial Standards (CIS), for component such as drive axle chassis such as automobiles, tractor, can prevent from using traditional material to increase the foundry goods breakage problem causing because of automobile, tractor equipower.Present method does not need thermal treatment and desulfurization processing, and operation is few, adopts green sand production line to manufacture QT600-10 foundry goods, higher than sand faced cast iron mould process efficiency, cost is low; Lid bag nodulizing process good airproof performance, in spheroidizing reacion process, pours nodularization element oxidization burning loss compared with method nodularization and reduces with common, specific absorption improves, and nodulizing agent consumption is few, and magnesium light and smog obviously reduce, discharge amount of pollution is few, has improved production operation environment; Current-following inoculation treatment effect is reliable and stable, and innoculant adding quantity is few, and material cost significantly reduces, and applies and will have larger economic results in society.
Brief description of the drawings:
Fig. 1 is the metallographic structure photo of the embodiment of the present invention 2;
Fig. 2 is the stretching fracture stereoscan photograph of the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is elaborated.
Embodiment 1 (the present embodiment adopts 3t medium-frequency induction furnace smelting iron liquid)
A preparation method for high tough spheroidal graphite cast iron, comprises the following steps:
The first step, chemical composition design, material is got C:3.63% by mass percentage, Si:2.59%, Mn:0.42%, P≤0.05%, S≤0.02%, Mg:0.041%, RE:0.025%, Cu:0.62%, surplus is Fe;
Second step, furnace charge are selected and intermediate frequency furnace melting: adopt 3t medium-frequency induction furnace smelting iron liquid, the furnace charge of Sheng Tie ︰ Fei Gang ︰ foundry returns=30% ︰ 30% ︰ 40% adds melting in stove by mass percentage, ensure original iron melt chemical composition before treatment requirement, owing to adopting the spheroidizing of lid bag, iron liquid temp reduces less, and tapping temperature is controlled at 1450～1480 DEG C;
The 3rd step, nodulizing agent are selected and nodulizing process: adopt the spheroidizing of lid bag, nodulizing agent add-on is pressed 1.0% of iron clad liquid weight, add ferromanganese and the electrolytic copper of composition requirement after stove simultaneously; Nodulizing agent is to adopt FeSiRE3Mg8 nodulizing agent, wherein containing 2.5%～3.5%Ca, and MgO≤0.7%; Nodulizing process is to adopt to cover bag method and carry out spheroidizing; Most domestic factory selects containing the high nodulizing agent of rare earth content as FeSiRE7Mg8, and foundry goods chilling tendency is large, is prone to free carbide, is also prone to inclusion, reduces mechanical castings; Nodulizing process is very large on the impact of magnesium iron structure property, and domestic many employings are poured method and carried out spheroidizing, and not only smog is large, and nodulizing agent consumption is large, and the Alloy Affecting Ductile Properties of manufacturing is lower;
The 4th step, nucleating agent are selected and inoculation: adopt late inoculation mode: i.e. the 75SiFe nucleating agent secondary current-following inoculation of the once breed+granularity 0.5～1.5mm of WL nucleating agent and 75SiFe nucleating agent; Teeming temperature is 1340～1380 DEG C, pours into a mould keel block when production line pouring cast part;
The spheroidal graphite cast iron that the 5th step, melting obtain after testing, 2 grades of spheroidization of graphite ranks, matrix is 40% ferrite+60% perlite, tensile strength 656MPa, elongation 11.6%, hardness 219HB.
Embodiment 2 (the present embodiment adopts 3t medium-frequency induction furnace smelting iron liquid)
A preparation method for high tough spheroidal graphite cast iron, comprises the following steps:
The first step, chemical composition design, material is got by mass percentage: C:3.65%, Si:2.58%, Mn:0.31%, P≤0.04%, S≤0.02%, Mg:0.046%, RE:0.023%, Cu:0.51%, surplus is Fe;
Second step, furnace charge are selected and intermediate frequency furnace melting: adopt 3t medium-frequency induction furnace smelting iron liquid, the furnace charge of Sheng Tie ︰ Fei Gang ︰ foundry returns=60% ︰ 10% ︰ 30% adds melting in stove by mass percentage, ensure original iron melt chemical composition before treatment requirement, iron liquid tapping temperature is controlled at 1450～1480 DEG C;
The 3rd step, nodulizing agent are selected and nodulizing process: nodulizing agent is to adopt FeSiRE3Mg8 nodulizing agent, wherein containing 2.5%～3.5%Ca, and MgO≤0.7%; Adopt the spheroidizing of lid bag, nodulizing agent add-on is pressed 1.0% of iron clad liquid weight;
The 4th step, nucleating agent are selected and inoculation, adopt late inoculation mode: i.e. the once breed+75%SiFe nucleating agent secondary current-following inoculation of WL nucleating agent and 75SiFe nucleating agent; Teeming temperature is 1340～1380 DEG C, pours into a mould keel block when production line pouring cast part;
The spheroidal graphite cast iron that the 5th step, melting obtain after testing, 2 grades of spheroidization of graphite ranks, matrix is about 45% ferrite+55% perlite, referring to the metallographic structure photo of Fig. 1, tensile strength 625.6MPa, elongation 10.8%, hardness 197HB; Referring to the stretching fracture stereoscan photograph of Fig. 2, main manifestations is ductile rupture, and there is a small amount of cleavage river pattern bottom right, and dimple is more and darker.
Embodiment 3 (the present embodiment adopts 3t medium-frequency induction furnace smelting iron liquid)
A preparation method for high tough spheroidal graphite cast iron, comprises the following steps:
The first step, chemical composition design, material is got by mass percentage: C:3.72%, Si:2.55%, Mn:0.39%, P≤0.05%, S≤0.02%, Mg:0.044%, RE:0.034%, Cu:0.50%, surplus is Fe;
Second step, furnace charge are selected and intermediate frequency furnace melting: adopt 3t medium-frequency induction furnace smelting iron liquid, the pig iron by mass percentage: steel scrap: the furnace charge of foundry returns=40% ︰ 20% ︰ 40% adds melting in stove, ensure original iron melt chemical composition before treatment requirement, 1450～1480 DEG C of iron liquid tapping temperatures;
The 3rd step, nodulizing agent are selected and nodulizing process: nodulizing agent is to adopt FeSiRE3Mg8 nodulizing agent, wherein containing 2.5%～3.5%Ca, and MgO≤0.7%; Adopt the spheroidizing of lid bag, nodulizing agent add-on is pressed 1.0% of iron clad liquid weight;
The 4th step, nucleating agent are selected and inoculation: adopt late inoculation mode: i.e. the once breed+75SiFe nucleating agent secondary current-following inoculation of WL nucleating agent and 75SiFe nucleating agent; Teeming temperature is 1340～1380 DEG C, pours into a mould keel block when production line pouring cast part;
The spheroidal graphite cast iron that the 5th step, melting obtain after testing, 2 grades of spheroidization of graphite ranks, matrix is 60% ferrite+40% perlite, tensile strength 637.4MPa, elongation 11.0%, hardness 209HB.
Claims (3)
1. a high tough spheroidal graphite cast iron, is characterized in that, the mass percent of its material chemical composition is:
C:3.60%～3.80%, Si:2.50%～2.80%, Mn:0.30%～0.50%, P≤0.05%, S≤0.02%, Mg:0.030%～0.050%, RE:0.020%～0.040%, Cu:0.50%～0.70%, surplus is Fe.
2. the preparation method of a kind of high tough spheroidal graphite cast iron according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
The first step, chemical composition design, the final chemical composition of material is by mass percentage:
C:3.60%～3.80%, Si:2.50%～2.80%, Mn:0.30%～0.50%, P≤0.05%, S≤0.02%, Mg:0.030%～0.050%, RE:0.020%～0.040%, Cu:0.50%～0.70%, surplus is Fe;
Second step, furnace charge are selected and intermediate frequency furnace melting: adopt medium-frequency induction furnace smelting iron liquid, the batching Chemical Composition of stokehold original iron melt is C:3.60%～3.80%, Si:1.00%～1.60%, Mn :≤0.20%, P≤0.05%, S≤0.02%,, surplus is Fe; Select sulfur-bearing, phosphorus, the pig iron, steel scrap and foundry returns that manganese amount is low, there is no desulfurization process, proportioning is Sheng Tie ︰ Fei Gang ︰ foundry returns=30～60 ︰ 10～30 ︰ surplus foundry returns by mass percentage, load weighted furnace charge is added to melting in stove, ensure original iron melt chemical composition before treatment requirement, 1450～1480 DEG C of iron liquid tapping temperatures; Adopt the spheroidizing of lid bag, nodulizing agent add-on is pressed 1.0% of iron clad liquid weight, adopts and pours method, and nodulizing agent add-on is generally 1.2%～1.4% or higher;
The 3rd step, nodulizing agent are selected and nodulizing process: nodulizing agent is to adopt FeSiRE3Mg8 nodulizing agent, wherein containing Ca2.5%～3.5%, and MgO≤0.7%; Nodulizing process is to adopt to cover bag method and carry out spheroidizing;
The 4th step, nucleating agent are selected and inoculation: adopt late inoculation: first, in hot metal ladle, adopt the WL nucleating agent of baric 4%～6%, add-on is 0.2%～0.25%, granularity is 3～10mm, all the other,, for the supplementary silicon amount of 75SiFe nucleating agent, add ferromanganese and electrolytic copper that the final chemical composition of material requires simultaneously; Secondary current-following inoculation adopts 75SiFe nucleating agent, and add-on is 0.1%, granularity 0.5～1.5mm; Teeming temperature is 1340～1380 DEG C, pours into a mould keel block when production line pouring cast part;
The spheroidal graphite cast iron that the 5th step, melting obtain after testing, 1～3 grade of spheroidization of graphite rank, matrix is 40%～60% ferrite+perlite, tensile strength >=600MPa, elongation >=10.0%, hardness 190～250HB.
3. the preparation method of a kind of high tough spheroidal graphite cast iron according to claim 2, is characterized in that, Q10 or the Q12 pig iron that the described pig iron is sulfur-bearing, phosphorus, manganese amount is low.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410230659.6A CN103981434B (en) | 2014-05-28 | 2014-05-28 | A kind of preparation method of high tough spheroidal graphite cast iron |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410230659.6A CN103981434B (en) | 2014-05-28 | 2014-05-28 | A kind of preparation method of high tough spheroidal graphite cast iron |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103981434A true CN103981434A (en) | 2014-08-13 |
| CN103981434B CN103981434B (en) | 2015-12-02 |
Family
ID=51273603
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410230659.6A Expired - Fee Related CN103981434B (en) | 2014-05-28 | 2014-05-28 | A kind of preparation method of high tough spheroidal graphite cast iron |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103981434B (en) |
Cited By (29)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104226923A (en) * | 2014-09-22 | 2014-12-24 | 青阳县天平机械制造有限公司 | Iron die sand overlaying process for producing steering axle |
| CN104233048A (en) * | 2014-09-22 | 2014-12-24 | 青阳县天平机械制造有限公司 | Cast state high-strength and high-toughness ball iron alloy for steering axle and preparation method of cast state high-strength and high-toughness ball iron alloy |
| CN104400316A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-03-11 | 合肥东方节能科技股份有限公司 | Method for increasing service life of rolling mill guide plate |
| CN104775067A (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2015-07-15 | 北京纵横机电技术开发公司 | Alloy nodular cast iron for railway vehicle brake disks |
| CN104975124A (en) * | 2015-06-27 | 2015-10-14 | 芜湖市容川机电科技有限公司 | Auxiliary material used for production of nodular cast iron QT600-3 |
| CN105220060A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-01-06 | 河南理工大学 | A kind of high-strength ductile cast iron and production method thereof |
| CN105349878A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-02-24 | 河南理工大学 | Antimony-bearing spheroidal graphite cast iron and production method thereof |
| CN105506441A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-04-20 | 齐齐哈尔轨道交通装备有限责任公司 | Ductile cast iron material, composition containing same and production method of bearing saddle and ductile cast iron |
| CN105568124A (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2016-05-11 | 陕西重型汽车有限公司 | QT500-7 nodular cast iron material added with tin, and processing method thereof, and cast |
| CN105861917A (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2016-08-17 | 东风精密铸造有限公司 | Production method for as-cast high-performance ductile iron QT600-10 by precision-investment casting |
| CN106011611A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2016-10-12 | 江阴联华铸造有限公司 | High-tenacity nodular iron casting for automobile chassis and preparation method thereof |
| CN107042281A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-08-15 | 广西玉柴机器配件制造有限公司 | A kind of production method of the additional axle housing of Sand-Faced Metal Mould Casting car |
| CN107042282A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-08-15 | 广西玉柴机器配件制造有限公司 | A kind of production method of Sand-Faced Metal Mould Casting passenger car differential shell |
| CN107435117A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2017-12-05 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of breaking type ferrite adds the high tough spheroidal graphite cast-iron and its production method of pearlitic texture |
| CN109609835A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-04-12 | 苏州勤美达精密机械有限公司 | A kind of high toughness wear resistant spheroidal graphite cast-iron and its preparation process and application |
| CN110129661A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-08-16 | 锦州捷通铁路机械股份有限公司 | The production technology of high-intensitive Low-temperature high-tenacity nodular cast iron |
| CN110952031A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-04-03 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Isothermal quenching nodular cast iron and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111304525A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2020-06-19 | 现代自动车株式会社 | Method for manufacturing cam member for continuously variable valve timing system and cam member |
| CN111876655A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-11-03 | 陕西柴油机重工有限公司 | Method for improving impact strength of large high-toughness nodular cast iron diesel engine body |
| CN111926238A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-11-13 | 河北裕龙科技股份有限公司 | Production process of high-strength high-toughness high-speed rail brake pad |
| CN112593140A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-02 | 福建丰力机械科技有限公司 | Preparation method of wear-resistant nodular cast iron |
| CN113151731A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-07-23 | 湖北普尔精密科技有限公司 | High-strength high-plasticity as-cast QT700-10 nodular cast iron and production method thereof |
| CN113909437A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-01-11 | 湖州鼎盛机械制造有限公司 | Casting process of tough ductile iron traction sheave |
| CN114369756A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-04-19 | 东风商用车有限公司 | As-cast QT700-8 material and casting method and application thereof |
| CN114381649A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-04-22 | 东风商用车有限公司 | High-strength high-toughness nodular cast iron material and casting method thereof |
| CN115041634A (en) * | 2022-03-27 | 2022-09-13 | 宁波拓铁机械有限公司 | Casting method of wind power planet carrier casting |
| CN115044824A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-13 | 莱州新忠耀机械有限公司 | Piston nodular cast iron material for high-speed railway braking system and preparation method thereof |
| CN115287526A (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-11-04 | 东风商用车有限公司 | Nodular cast iron rocker arm and manufacturing method and application thereof |
| CN115725890A (en) * | 2022-11-25 | 2023-03-03 | 韶关金宝铸造有限公司 | High-strength and high-toughness automobile caliper and production method thereof |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI816148B (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2023-09-21 | 光隆股份有限公司 | Manufacturing method of ductile cast iron with high strength and high ductility |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1123337A (en) * | 1994-11-24 | 1996-05-29 | 谢洪来 | Cold excited alloy nodular cast iron and casting method for camshaft |
| JP2002317238A (en) * | 2001-04-23 | 2002-10-31 | Tokyo Tekko Co Ltd | Structure of spheroidal graphite cast iron part as-cast |
| CN1514034A (en) * | 2003-07-30 | 2004-07-21 | 包文华 | Production method of non alloy precooled isothermal bardening austenic globe body |
| CN101348878A (en) * | 2008-08-26 | 2009-01-21 | 朱志文 | Isothermal quench bainitic ductile cast iron and use thereof |
| CN101503777A (en) * | 2009-03-13 | 2009-08-12 | 中国第一汽车集团公司 | Ductile iron for heavy type vehicle integrated axle housing |
-
2014
- 2014-05-28 CN CN201410230659.6A patent/CN103981434B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1123337A (en) * | 1994-11-24 | 1996-05-29 | 谢洪来 | Cold excited alloy nodular cast iron and casting method for camshaft |
| JP2002317238A (en) * | 2001-04-23 | 2002-10-31 | Tokyo Tekko Co Ltd | Structure of spheroidal graphite cast iron part as-cast |
| CN1514034A (en) * | 2003-07-30 | 2004-07-21 | 包文华 | Production method of non alloy precooled isothermal bardening austenic globe body |
| CN101348878A (en) * | 2008-08-26 | 2009-01-21 | 朱志文 | Isothermal quench bainitic ductile cast iron and use thereof |
| CN101503777A (en) * | 2009-03-13 | 2009-08-12 | 中国第一汽车集团公司 | Ductile iron for heavy type vehicle integrated axle housing |
Cited By (35)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104226923A (en) * | 2014-09-22 | 2014-12-24 | 青阳县天平机械制造有限公司 | Iron die sand overlaying process for producing steering axle |
| CN104233048A (en) * | 2014-09-22 | 2014-12-24 | 青阳县天平机械制造有限公司 | Cast state high-strength and high-toughness ball iron alloy for steering axle and preparation method of cast state high-strength and high-toughness ball iron alloy |
| CN104233048B (en) * | 2014-09-22 | 2017-02-08 | 安徽天平机械股份有限公司 | Cast state high-strength and high-toughness ball iron alloy for steering axle and preparation method of cast state high-strength and high-toughness ball iron alloy |
| CN105568124A (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2016-05-11 | 陕西重型汽车有限公司 | QT500-7 nodular cast iron material added with tin, and processing method thereof, and cast |
| CN104400316B (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2016-08-24 | 合肥东方节能科技股份有限公司 | A kind of method promoting rolling mill guide service life |
| CN104400316A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-03-11 | 合肥东方节能科技股份有限公司 | Method for increasing service life of rolling mill guide plate |
| CN104775067A (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2015-07-15 | 北京纵横机电技术开发公司 | Alloy nodular cast iron for railway vehicle brake disks |
| CN104975124A (en) * | 2015-06-27 | 2015-10-14 | 芜湖市容川机电科技有限公司 | Auxiliary material used for production of nodular cast iron QT600-3 |
| CN105220060A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-01-06 | 河南理工大学 | A kind of high-strength ductile cast iron and production method thereof |
| CN105349878A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-02-24 | 河南理工大学 | Antimony-bearing spheroidal graphite cast iron and production method thereof |
| CN105220060B (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2017-05-24 | 河南理工大学 | High-strength ductile iron and production method thereof |
| CN105506441A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-04-20 | 齐齐哈尔轨道交通装备有限责任公司 | Ductile cast iron material, composition containing same and production method of bearing saddle and ductile cast iron |
| CN105861917A (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2016-08-17 | 东风精密铸造有限公司 | Production method for as-cast high-performance ductile iron QT600-10 by precision-investment casting |
| CN106011611A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2016-10-12 | 江阴联华铸造有限公司 | High-tenacity nodular iron casting for automobile chassis and preparation method thereof |
| CN107042281A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-08-15 | 广西玉柴机器配件制造有限公司 | A kind of production method of the additional axle housing of Sand-Faced Metal Mould Casting car |
| CN107042282A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-08-15 | 广西玉柴机器配件制造有限公司 | A kind of production method of Sand-Faced Metal Mould Casting passenger car differential shell |
| CN107435117A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2017-12-05 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of breaking type ferrite adds the high tough spheroidal graphite cast-iron and its production method of pearlitic texture |
| CN111304525B (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2023-08-18 | 现代自动车株式会社 | Method for manufacturing cam member for continuously variable valve timing system and cam member |
| CN111304525A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2020-06-19 | 现代自动车株式会社 | Method for manufacturing cam member for continuously variable valve timing system and cam member |
| CN109609835A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-04-12 | 苏州勤美达精密机械有限公司 | A kind of high toughness wear resistant spheroidal graphite cast-iron and its preparation process and application |
| CN110129661A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-08-16 | 锦州捷通铁路机械股份有限公司 | The production technology of high-intensitive Low-temperature high-tenacity nodular cast iron |
| CN110952031A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-04-03 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Isothermal quenching nodular cast iron and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111926238A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-11-13 | 河北裕龙科技股份有限公司 | Production process of high-strength high-toughness high-speed rail brake pad |
| CN111926238B (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2022-02-15 | 河北裕龙科技股份有限公司 | Production process of high-strength high-toughness high-speed rail brake pad |
| CN111876655A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-11-03 | 陕西柴油机重工有限公司 | Method for improving impact strength of large high-toughness nodular cast iron diesel engine body |
| CN112593140A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-02 | 福建丰力机械科技有限公司 | Preparation method of wear-resistant nodular cast iron |
| CN113151731A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-07-23 | 湖北普尔精密科技有限公司 | High-strength high-plasticity as-cast QT700-10 nodular cast iron and production method thereof |
| CN113909437A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-01-11 | 湖州鼎盛机械制造有限公司 | Casting process of tough ductile iron traction sheave |
| CN114381649A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-04-22 | 东风商用车有限公司 | High-strength high-toughness nodular cast iron material and casting method thereof |
| CN114369756A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-04-19 | 东风商用车有限公司 | As-cast QT700-8 material and casting method and application thereof |
| CN115041634A (en) * | 2022-03-27 | 2022-09-13 | 宁波拓铁机械有限公司 | Casting method of wind power planet carrier casting |
| CN115041634B (en) * | 2022-03-27 | 2023-07-18 | 宁波拓铁机械有限公司 | Casting method of wind power planet carrier casting |
| CN115044824A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-13 | 莱州新忠耀机械有限公司 | Piston nodular cast iron material for high-speed railway braking system and preparation method thereof |
| CN115287526A (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-11-04 | 东风商用车有限公司 | Nodular cast iron rocker arm and manufacturing method and application thereof |
| CN115725890A (en) * | 2022-11-25 | 2023-03-03 | 韶关金宝铸造有限公司 | High-strength and high-toughness automobile caliper and production method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103981434B (en) | 2015-12-02 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103981434B (en) | A kind of preparation method of high tough spheroidal graphite cast iron | |
| CN106811676B (en) | A kind of high-intensity and high-tenacity as cast condition QT700-10 and its production method | |
| CN101660097B (en) | Wear-resisting alloy steel with high boron, high chrome and low carbon and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102392178B (en) | Nodular cast iron and centrifugal composite casting roller | |
| CN102965567B (en) | Casting thick large-section pearlite nodular cast iron and casting method thereof | |
| CN100415923C (en) | High-strength casted air-colled bainite wear-resisting steel and preparing method | |
| CN102383066B (en) | Abrasion resistant cast steel and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102747268B (en) | High-strength high-ductility nodular cast iron and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN100386462C (en) | Boron contg. multi-element low alloyed wearable cast steel and prepn. thereof | |
| CN105220060B (en) | High-strength ductile iron and production method thereof | |
| CN109576567B (en) | Preparation process of nodular iron casting for heavy axle main speed reducer shell | |
| CN103484753A (en) | Novel as-cast 500-7 nodular cast iron | |
| CN103498107A (en) | High-boron high-chromium low-carbon high-temperature-resistant wear-resisting alloy steel and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN104775065A (en) | High strength and toughness wear-resistant ductile iron rocking arm and production method thereof | |
| CN103602878B (en) | High tough spheroidal graphite cast iron preparation method | |
| CN103572166A (en) | Boracic high-speed steel with good red hardness and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102851575A (en) | Oxidation-resistant alloying grey cast iron and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103088251B (en) | A kind of spheroidal graphite cast iron and heat treating method thereof | |
| CN103498108A (en) | High-boron high-chromium low-carbon wear-resisting alloy steel with good red hardness and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN102400032B (en) | Large-cross-section nodular cast iron | |
| CN101775533A (en) | High-strength and high-tenacity nodular cast iron and working roll of wide thick plate | |
| CN103695793A (en) | Large-sized non-quenched and tempered steel and smelting method thereof | |
| CN109930058B (en) | Low-temperature high-strength high-toughness nodular cast iron at minus 40 ℃, preparation method thereof and railway locomotive part | |
| CN103290299B (en) | Vanadium-titanium nodular cast iron smelting method | |
| CN103695760A (en) | Alloy grey cast iron material for medium and high-pressure pump bodies |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20151202 |