CN107435117A - A kind of breaking type ferrite adds the high tough spheroidal graphite cast-iron and its production method of pearlitic texture - Google Patents
A kind of breaking type ferrite adds the high tough spheroidal graphite cast-iron and its production method of pearlitic texture Download PDFInfo
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- CN107435117A CN107435117A CN201710806584.5A CN201710806584A CN107435117A CN 107435117 A CN107435117 A CN 107435117A CN 201710806584 A CN201710806584 A CN 201710806584A CN 107435117 A CN107435117 A CN 107435117A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/28—Normalising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/006—Graphite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/009—Pearlite
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides the high tough spheroidal graphite cast-iron and its production method that a kind of breaking type ferrite adds pearlitic texture.During spheroidal graphite cast-iron melting and casting, cast condition ductile iron is positioned over normalizing furnace insulation, holding temperature is 810 860 DEG C, is incubated 1 1.5 hours, the high tough spheroidal graphite cast-iron that breaking type ferrite adds pearlitic texture is produced after air cooling.The ferritic structure of broken decentralized can be obtained with the production method of the present invention, and controllable breaking type ferrite content, 1%~10%, so that the high intensity of pearlite ductile iron can be embodied, and can obtains the high-ductility and high tenacity of ferrite ductile cast iron.Breaking type ferrite provided by the invention adds the performance characteristic of the high tough spheroidal graphite cast-iron of pearlite to be：830~920Mpa of tensile strength, elongation 6 9%, the 70J/cm of impact flexibility 50‑2, the 270HBW of Brinell hardness 250.The spheroidal graphite cast-iron has higher tensile strength, high elongation rate and high impact toughness simultaneously, can be generally applicable to the parts such as automobile crane, camshaft, hydraulic cylinder.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal metallurgy smelting technical field, is related to the high tough ball that a kind of breaking type ferrite adds pearlitic texture
Black cast iron and its production method.
Background technology
Spheroidal graphite cast-iron is a kind of high-strength cast iron material, and its combination property has been widely used in various dynamic close to steel
The parts such as power machinery bent axle, camshaft, connecting shaft, connecting rod, gear, clutch disc, hydraulic cylinder.Spheroidal graphite cast-iron presses its matrix
Tissue division, ferrite type spheroidal graphite cast-iron can be divided into, austenite adds bainite type spheroidal graphite cast-iron and pearlite type spheroidal graphite cast-iron.Iron
The matrix of ferritic type spheroidal graphite cast-iron is almost entirely ferritic structure, and its tensile strength is relatively low (200-400MPa), but elongation
Higher (20-30%).Austenite adds that bainite type spheroidal graphite cast-iron combination property is preferable, and tensile strength can reach more than 900MPa,
Elongation can be more than 10%, it usually needs by same temperature hardening heat treatment, production technology is complex, and cost is of a relatively high.Pearl
Body of light type spheroidal graphite cast-iron is most widely used, and because its content of pearlite in alloy is generally more than 80%, " buphthalmos shape " ferrite surrounds
Globular graphite, it is shown higher tensile strength (600-800MPa), but its elongation is only 2-3%, impact is tough
Property is also only 20-30J/cm2.Therefore, on the premise of production cost is considered, how to obtain one kind while there is high intensity, height
The spheroidal graphite cast-iron of elongation and high impact toughness just turns into the technical problem of current urgent need to resolve.
The content of the invention
To overcome the shortcomings of existing Alloy Affecting Ductile Properties, the present invention provides a kind of breaking type ferrite and adds pearlitic texture
High tough spheroidal graphite cast-iron and its production method, the spheroidal graphite cast-iron have higher tensile strength, high elongation rate and HI high impact simultaneously
Toughness, the parts such as automobile crane, camshaft, hydraulic cylinder can be generally applicable to.Breaking type ferrite provided by the invention adds
The tissue signature of pearlite ductile iron is：Graphite nodule, pearlite and the breaking type ferrite composition of tiny rounding, with the present invention
Production method can obtain the ferritic structure of broken decentralized, and controllable breaking type ferrite content is 1%~10%, from
And the high intensity of pearlite ductile iron can be embodied, and can obtains the high-ductility and high tenacity of ferrite ductile cast iron.This hair
The breaking type ferrite of bright offer adds the performance characteristic of the high tough spheroidal graphite cast-iron of pearlite to be：830~900Mpa of tensile strength, stretches
Long rate 6-9%, impact flexibility 50-70J/cm-2, Brinell hardness 250-270HBW.Breaking type ferrite provided by the invention adds pearl
The production method of the high tough spheroidal graphite cast-iron of body of light structure comprises the following steps：
(1) composition proportion：By weight percentage, C：3.5-3.9%, Si：1.7-2.1%, Mg：0.03-0.05%,
Cu：0.4-0.8%, Mn：0.3-0.6%, Sb：0.006-0.02%, S≤0.025%, P≤0.06%, Re：0.012-
0.015%, other impurities total content≤0.02-0.05%, surplus Fe；
(2) furnace charge is matched：Using high-purity pig iron, low P low S steel scraps, foundry returns and iron filings, make by step (1) composition proportion
For furnace charge；
(3) melting and refining：Molten iron is obtained using medium-frequency induction furnace melting batch, added by step (1) composition proportion
Industrial ferromanganese, industrial ferrosilicon and the uniform melting of cathode copper, come out of the stove, tapping temperature is after desulfurizing and refining：1400-1480℃；
(4) spheroidising：From Z6S nodulizers, additional proportion 0.9%, its molten iron after being refined with step (3) is added
Enter and handled in nodularization bag, obtain molten iron after nodularization；
(5) inoculation：From 75Si-Fe inovulants, by the way of current-following inoculation, inovulant granularity is 0.2-
0.5mm, addition 0.3-0.5kg/min, total amount are no more than 0.6%；
(6) pour into a mould and unpack：It is by the casting-up shaping of molten iron injection device for sand coated iron mould, pouring temperature obtained by step (5)
1380-1440 DEG C, unpacked after cooling, obtain cast condition ductile iron；
(7) normalizing is heat-treated：Cast condition ductile iron is placed into normalizing furnace insulation, holding temperature is 810-860 DEG C, and the time is
1-1.5 hours, then take out air cooling.Cast condition ductile iron is heated to the three-phase of austenite, ferrite and graphite during this
Coexistence is incubated, and by controlling holding temperature and time, cast condition ductile iron is carried out partial saturation transformation, i.e., in eutectic
The internal transformation that P (pearlite) → γ (austenite) occurs of group, and α (ferrite) occurs in " buphthalmos shape " ferritic grain boundaries
+ C (graphite) → γ (austenite) transformation.By the insulation of 1-1.5 hours, austenite will be re-converted to pearly-lustre after cooling
Body, and ferrite does not change and remained, and forms broken shape or dispersed.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
(1) graphite nodule, pearlite and breaking type ferrite that spheroidal graphite cast-iron prepared by the present invention has tiny rounding form
Structure.The ferritic structure of broken decentralized can be obtained with the inventive method, and controllable breaking type ferrite content exists
1%~10%, so as to can both embody the high intensity of pearlite ductile iron, and can obtain ferrite ductile cast iron high-ductility and
High tenacity.Breaking type ferrite is in similar radial or is distributed along crystal boundary, and pearlite can be more kept than " buphthalmos shape " ferrite
Skeleton function, be allowed to when with higher toughness, to remain to keep higher tensile strength.Meanwhile when crackle is from breaking type
Ferrite edge can avoid broken ferrite and the tortuous development along pearlite by, crackle, what relative increase withstood shocks
Effective cross-section, improve impact flexibility.
(2) breaking type ferrite provided by the invention adds the spheroidal graphite cast-iron production method of pearlitic texture, obtains simultaneously
Spheroidal graphite cast-iron with high intensity, high elongation rate and high impact toughness, tensile strength are 830~920Mpa, elongation 6-
9%, impact flexibility 50-70J/cm-2, Brinell hardness 250-290HBW, it is easy to following process, and preparation method is simply easy
OK.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the embodiment of the present invention 1 and the ductile iron crankshaft metallographic structure figure of comparative example 1, wherein, A is embodiment 1, and B is
Comparative example 1.
Fig. 2 is the embodiment of the present invention 2 and the ductile iron crankshaft metallographic structure figure of comparative example 2, wherein, A is embodiment 2, and B is
Comparative example 2.
Embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described.Embodiment is only the elaboration to the present invention, unlimited
The scope of the invention processed.Following embodiments are by taking the production of spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile crane as an example.
The breaking type ferrite of embodiment 1 adds the production process of the high tough ductile iron crankshaft of pearlite as follows：
(1) composition proportion：By weight percentage, C：3.5-3.9%, Si：1.7-2.1%, Mg：0.03-0.05%,
Cu：0.4-0.8%, Mn：0.3-0.6%, Sb：0.006-0.02%, S≤0.025%, P≤0.06%, Re：0.012-
0.015%, other impurities total content≤0.02-0.05%, surplus Fe；
(2) furnace charge is matched：Using the low S steel scraps 5% of low P and iron filings 10%, foundry returns 35%, remaining is high-purity pig iron, is pressed
Step (1) composition proportion is as furnace charge；
(3) melting and refining：Molten iron is obtained using medium-frequency induction furnace melting batch, added by step (1) composition proportion
The 0.5% uniform melting of industrial ferromanganese 0.6%, industrial ferrosilicon 1.0% and cathode copper, comes out of the stove, tapping temperature is after desulfurizing and refining：
1450℃；
(4) spheroidising：From Z6S nodulizers, additional proportion 0.9%；
(5) inoculation：From 75Si-Fe inovulants, by the way of current-following inoculation, inovulant granularity is 0.2-
0.5mm, addition 0.3-0.5kg/min, total amount are no more than 0.6%；
(6) pour into a mould and unpack：By the casting-up shaping of molten iron injection device for sand coated iron mould bent axle, pouring temperature obtained by step (5)
For 1380 DEG C, unpacked after cooling, obtain cast condition ductile iron bent axle；
(7) normalizing is heat-treated：Cast condition ductile iron bent axle is positioned over normalizing furnace insulation, holding temperature is 850 DEG C, the time
For 1 hour, air cooling is then taken out.
Comparative example 1
The difference of comparative example 1 and embodiment 1 is, the step of heat treatment without (7) normalizing, that is, pour into a mould, unpack after obtain
Obtain cast condition ductile iron bent axle.
After testing, the spheroidal graphite cast-iron composition of acquisition is (by weight percentage)：C：3.63%, Si：1.93%, Mg：
0.05%, Cu：0.66%, Mn：0.52%, Sb：0.005%, S：0.014%, P：0.036%, Re：0.013%, surplus is
Fe.In the ductile iron crankshaft metallographic structure obtained through embodiment 1, ferrite is distributed into broken dispersed, and content is about
1.5%, see Figure 1A.The ductile iron crankshaft mechanical property that embodiment 1 obtains is as follows：Tensile strength 888MPa, elongation
6.5%, impact flexibility 53J/cm-2, Brinell hardness 265HBW.The metallographic structure of cast condition ductile iron bent axle, ferrite in comparative example 1
Graphite nodule is surrounded in " buphthalmos shape ", sees Figure 1B.Cast condition ductile iron bent axle mechanical property is as follows：Tensile strength 780MPa, stretches
Long rate 2.2%, impact flexibility 25J/cm-2, Brinell hardness 235HBW.
Embodiment 2：
(1) composition proportion：By weight percentage, C：3.5-3.9%, Si：1.7-2.1%, Mg：0.03-0.05%,
Cu：0.4-0.8%, Mn：0.3-0.6%, Sb：0.006-0.02%, S ＜ 0.025%, P ＜ 0.06%, Re：0.012-
0.015%, other impurities total content≤0.02-0.05%, surplus Fe；
(2) furnace charge is matched：Using the low S steel scraps 5% of low P and iron filings 10%, foundry returns 35%, remaining is high-purity pig iron, is pressed
Step (1) composition proportion is as furnace charge；
(3) melting and refining：Molten iron is obtained using medium-frequency induction furnace melting batch, added by step (1) composition proportion
The 0.5% uniform melting of industrial ferromanganese 0.6%, industrial ferrosilicon 1.0% and cathode copper, comes out of the stove, tapping temperature is after desulfurizing and refining：
1480℃；
(4) spheroidising：From Z6S nodulizers, additional proportion 0.9%；
(5) inoculation：From 75Si-Fe inovulants, by the way of current-following inoculation, inovulant granularity is 0.2-
0.5mm, addition 0.3-0.5kg/min, total amount are no more than 0.6%；
(6) pour into a mould and unpack：By the casting-up shaping of molten iron injection device for sand coated iron mould bent axle, pouring temperature obtained by step (5)
For 1440 DEG C, unpacked after cooling, obtain cast condition ductile iron bent axle；
(7) normalizing is heat-treated：Cast condition ductile iron bent axle is positioned over normalizing furnace insulation, holding temperature is 810 DEG C, the time
For 1.5 hours, air cooling is then taken out.
Comparative example 2
The difference of comparative example 2 and embodiment 2 is, the step of heat treatment without (7) normalizing, that is, pour into a mould, unpack after obtain
Obtain cast condition ductile iron bent axle.
After testing, the spheroidal graphite cast-iron composition of acquisition is (by weight percentage)：C：3.70%, Si：2.02%, Mg：
0.041%, Cu：0.61%, Mn：0.39%, Sb：0.006%, S：0.012%, P：0.034%, Re：0.013%, surplus is
Fe.In the ductile iron crankshaft metallographic structure obtained through embodiment 2, ferrite is distributed into broken dispersed, and content is about
5.5%, see Fig. 2A.Mechanical property is as follows：Tensile strength 830MPa, elongation 9.7%, impact flexibility 67J/cm-2, Brinell hardness
284HBW.Cast condition ductile iron bent axle metallographic structure in comparative example 2, ferrite are surrounded on graphite nodule in " buphthalmos shape ", see Fig. 2 B.
Cast condition ductile iron bent axle mechanical property is as follows：Tensile strength 800MPa, elongation 2.0%, impact flexibility 22J/cm-2, Bu Shi
Hardness 235HBW.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention be not limited thereto,
It is any be familiar with those skilled in the art the invention discloses technical scope in, technique according to the invention scheme and its hair
Bright design is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should all be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of breaking type ferrite adds the production method of the high tough spheroidal graphite cast-iron of pearlitic texture, it is characterised in that in ball
In black Castiron Melting casting process, cast condition ductile iron is positioned over normalizing furnace insulation, holding temperature is 810-860 DEG C, insulation
1-1.5 hours, the high tough spheroidal graphite cast-iron that breaking type ferrite adds pearlitic texture is produced after air cooling.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that specifically include following steps：
(1) composition proportion：By weight percentage, C：3.5-3.9%, Si：1.7-2.1%, Mg：0.03-0.05%, Cu：
0.4-0.8%, Mn：0.3-0.6%, Sb：0.006-0.02%, S≤0.025%, P≤0.06%, Re：0.012-0.015%,
Other impurities total content≤0.02-0.05%, surplus Fe；
(2) furnace charge is matched：Using high-purity pig iron, low P low S steel scraps, foundry returns and iron filings, by step (1) composition proportion as stove
Material；
(3) melting and refining：Molten iron is obtained using medium-frequency induction furnace melting batch, industry is added by step (1) composition proportion
Ferromanganese, industrial ferrosilicon and the uniform melting of cathode copper, come out of the stove, tapping temperature is after desulfurizing and refining：1400-1480℃；
(4) spheroidising：From Z6S nodulizers, additional proportion 0.9%, its molten iron after being refined with step (3) is added into ball
Change and handled in bag, obtain molten iron after nodularization；
(5) inoculation：From 75Si-Fe inovulants, by the way of current-following inoculation, inovulant granularity is 0.2-0.5mm, is added
Enter amount 0.3-0.5kg/min, total amount is no more than 0.6%；
(6) pour into a mould and unpack：By the casting-up shaping of molten iron injection device for sand coated iron mould, pouring temperature 1380- obtained by step (5)
1440 DEG C, unpacked after cooling, obtain cast condition ductile iron；
(7) normalizing is heat-treated：Cast condition ductile iron is placed into normalizing furnace insulation, holding temperature is 810-860 DEG C, time 1-
1.5 hours, then take out air cooling.
3. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that using the low S steel scraps 5% of low P and iron filings in the step (2)
10%, foundry returns 35%, remaining is high-purity pig iron, by step (1) composition proportion as furnace charge.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step (3) adds industrial ferromanganese 0.6%, industry
The 0.5% uniform melting of ferrosilicon 1.0% and cathode copper.
5. a kind of breaking type ferrite add the high tough spheroidal graphite cast-iron of pearlitic texture to be prepared according to claim 1 methods described
's.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108251738A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-07-06 | 河南淮海精诚工业科技有限公司 | The production technology of nickelic high chromium heat-resisting and wear-resisting automobile chassis accessory |
| CN108588367A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2018-09-28 | 荆州环宇汽车零部件有限公司 | A kind of normalizing process method obtaining QT450-12 materials |
| CN109507197A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-03-22 | 中车兰州机车有限公司 | The quality inspection method of spheroidal graphite cast-iron |
| CN110527899A (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-12-03 | 南通市嘉诚机械有限公司 | A kind of ductile cast iron material applied on antidetonation high intensity water-cooling middle |
| CN111876656A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-11-03 | 东风汽车有限公司 | Mn-Cu series nodular cast iron forming die blank and heat treatment method thereof |
| CN114561523A (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-05-31 | 锦州捷通铁路机械股份有限公司 | Method for controlling micro shrinkage porosity of nodular cast iron |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108251738A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-07-06 | 河南淮海精诚工业科技有限公司 | The production technology of nickelic high chromium heat-resisting and wear-resisting automobile chassis accessory |
| CN108588367A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2018-09-28 | 荆州环宇汽车零部件有限公司 | A kind of normalizing process method obtaining QT450-12 materials |
| CN109507197A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-03-22 | 中车兰州机车有限公司 | The quality inspection method of spheroidal graphite cast-iron |
| CN109507197B (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2021-11-23 | 中车兰州机车有限公司 | Quality inspection method of nodular cast iron |
| CN110527899A (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-12-03 | 南通市嘉诚机械有限公司 | A kind of ductile cast iron material applied on antidetonation high intensity water-cooling middle |
| CN111876656A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-11-03 | 东风汽车有限公司 | Mn-Cu series nodular cast iron forming die blank and heat treatment method thereof |
| CN111876656B (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2022-03-15 | 东风汽车零部件(集团)有限公司通用铸锻分公司 | Mn-Cu series nodular cast iron forming die blank and heat treatment method thereof |
| CN114561523A (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-05-31 | 锦州捷通铁路机械股份有限公司 | Method for controlling micro shrinkage porosity of nodular cast iron |
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Application publication date: 20171205 |