CN103965618A - 细旦尼龙原料共混纺丝母粒制备方法 - Google Patents
细旦尼龙原料共混纺丝母粒制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103965618A CN103965618A CN201410039934.6A CN201410039934A CN103965618A CN 103965618 A CN103965618 A CN 103965618A CN 201410039934 A CN201410039934 A CN 201410039934A CN 103965618 A CN103965618 A CN 103965618A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种细旦尼龙原料共混纺丝母粒制备方法,包括尼龙粉碎和加压成型两个步骤。首先将尼龙粉碎成粉末,再与熔融纺丝添加剂进行加压成型,在加压成型过程中任选地加入分散剂,粘合剂,崩解剂,助溶剂,润滑剂或包衣剂等辅料会有更好的成型效果。采用本发明方法,可以比现有热熔融共混的方式更高效地获得纺丝母粒,同时获得更优质的纺丝母粒,提高纺丝母粒中熔融纺丝添加剂/辅料的有效浓度,纺丝母粒多种成分分散均匀,组分的种类、含量更容易控制,不需要高温操作,生产/加工/制备过程更安全,能耗低,成本低。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纺织领域,涉及一种纺织原料的生产制备方法,特别涉及一种生产细旦尼龙纤维的方法。
背景技术
一般说来,可纺织用的高分子材料包括尼龙(化学名:聚酰胺)、丙纶(化学名:聚丙烯)、涤纶(化学名:聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯)和腈纶(化学名:聚丙烯腈)等,这些材料可以通过纺丝而形成纤维丝,从而用于纺织工业。
随着人们生活水平的提高,对于纺织品的要求也越来越高,如吸湿性、柔软性等,因此各种高性能、新品种的纤维和面料不断诞生。为了生产高性能、新品种纤维,往往需要在高分子纺丝原料中添加起到改性、减少缺陷、提高性能等作用的添加剂和辅料。
传统添加添加剂的方法主要包括以下两种:直接添加法和母粒添加法。直接添加法是指在纺丝环节将各种添加剂/辅料直接加入尼龙纺丝原料中;母粒添加法是指在纺丝环节之前将各种添加剂/辅料先与少量高分子纺丝原料混合,制备成纺丝母粒,再在纺丝环节将制得的纺丝母粒加入到大量的高分子纺丝原料中,进行纺丝。
直接添加法虽然步骤简单,但是有如下缺点:添加剂/辅料添加不均匀、聚集明显,导致产品均匀度差;添加量不易控制,难以实现准确定量添加,各添加剂比例难以恒定,因而导致产品质量不稳定;化学性质活泼的添加剂集中添加可能对生产设备造成损伤。
母粒添加法具有各种添加剂比例恒定,纺丝母粒添加量易控,分散均匀,不会对生产设备造成损伤等优点,从而有效地保证了纺丝产品质量的稳定性,因此,大部分高性能、新品种纤维均采用母粒添加法进行合成。
目前,用于母粒添加法的纺丝母粒基本都使用热熔融共混方式制备,即在熔融纺丝环节之前,将少量尼龙纺丝原料熔融形成尼龙纺丝原料熔体,尼龙纺丝原料熔体与各种辅料充分搅拌,共混剪切,最终冷却获得纺丝母粒。采用这种方式制备纺丝母粒,纺丝母粒中的尼龙纺丝原料需要经过高温熔融阶段,不仅需要消耗大量能源,而且往往会带来尼龙热降解等问题,同时,为保持在生产纺丝母粒过程中熔融态纺丝母粒原料的流动性,纺丝母粒中各种辅料的浓度受到限制,从而限制了纺丝产品的性能优化。
因此,开发新一代生产纺丝母粒的方法是非常重要的。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明人经过大量研究和试验发现,采用冷压法,即,尼龙原料、熔融纺丝添加剂与辅料的混合粉末不经高温熔融过程通过机械加工直接加压成型,制备得到纺丝母粒,此种方法可以比现有的热熔融共混方式更有效地获得纺丝母粒,同时避免尼龙原料及熔融纺丝添加剂的高温降解,降低能耗的同时能够获得具有更高添加剂/辅料有效浓度的优质纺丝母粒。本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种生产尼龙及辅料共混纺丝母粒的方法,该方法可用于生产细旦尼龙纤维的纺丝母粒,不仅改善了纺丝母粒中各组分的均匀性和稳定性,提高了纺丝母粒中熔融纺丝添加剂的有效浓度,而且可以降低纺丝母粒生产过程的能耗和操作复杂程度,从而节约成本。
本发明的目的在于提供以下几方面:
第一方面,本发明提供细旦尼龙原料共混纺丝母粒制备方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
A.尼龙粉碎:在温度为-200~100℃,将尼龙颗粒粉碎得到直径小于5μm的尼龙粉末,在常温常压下,将制得的尼龙粉末与熔融纺丝添加剂按重量比例为1:10~10:1混合、搅拌均匀,制得母粒主料;
B.加压成型:在常温常压下,将步骤A中制得的母粒主料与辅料按重量比例为1:1~100:0.5进行充分混合,得到共混母粒原料;在温度为0~200℃,压力为0.1~10MPa条件下,将制得的共混母粒原料加压,制得共混纺丝母粒;
其中,
所述尼龙包括:尼龙6,尼龙66,尼龙10,尼龙12,尼龙1212和尼龙610;
所述熔融纺丝添加剂选自由以下金属的阳离子和以下阴离子形成的化合物或配合物,
所述金属选自:
镁、钙、锶、铝、镓、铟、锗、锡、铋、钪、钛、钒、铬、锰、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、钇、锆、钼、镧、铈、镨、钕、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱和镥;
所述阴离子选自:磷酸根、碳酸根、羧酸根、硝酸根、硫酸根、磺酸根、亚硫酸根、卤素阴离子、拟卤素离子以及其他含氮和/或含氧和/或含硫有机配体或多元配体,以及前述基团的衍生物;
辅料,包括分散剂、粘合剂、崩解剂、助溶剂、润滑剂和包衣中的至少一种;
其中,
所述分散剂,包括:己烯基双硬脂酰胺(EBS),硬脂酸单甘油酯(GMS),三硬脂酸甘油酯(HTG),烃类石蜡固体等单独使用及其混合物;硬脂酸钡,硬脂酸锌,硬脂酸钙,硬脂酸镉,硬脂酸镁或硬脂酸铜;乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物,聚乙烯蜡(PEG);
所述粘合剂,选自:淀粉、蛋白质、糊精、动物胶、虫胶、皮胶或松香;沥青;水玻璃;聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、硅橡胶、氟橡胶、聚硫橡胶、氯醇橡胶、丁腈橡胶、聚丙烯酸酯橡胶、聚氨酯橡胶或丁基橡胶;聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纤维素、聚氨酯、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯酸酯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、丁基橡胶、乙烯树脂、丙烯酸树脂、氯化橡胶、环氧树脂、硅油或二甲基硅油单独使用或混合使用;
所述崩解剂,选自:干淀粉、羧甲基淀粉钠(CMS-Na);低取代羟丙基纤维素(L-HPC)、泡腾崩解剂、交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或交联羧甲基纤维素钠(CCNa);
所述助溶剂,选自:苯甲酸钠、水杨酸钠或对氨基苯甲酸;尿素、烟酰胺或乙酰胺;硼砂或碘化钾;
所述润滑剂,选自:机械油、织布机油、主轴油、道轨油、轧钢油、气轮机油、压缩机油、冷冻机油、气缸油、船用油、齿轮油、机压齿轮油、车轴油、仪表油、真空泵油;蓖麻油或牛脂;硅油、脂肪酸酰胺、油酸、聚酯、合成脂或羧酸;
石墨、二硫化钼、聚四氟乙烯、尼龙、氮化硼或氟化石墨;
所述包衣,选自:羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、羟基丙基纤维素(HPC)、丙烯酸树脂IV号或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、邻苯二甲酸醋酸纤维素(CAP)、邻苯二甲酸羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMCP)、邻苯二甲酸聚乙烯醇脂(PVAP)、苯乙烯马来酸共聚物(StyMA)、丙烯酸树脂、乙基纤维素、醋酸纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙甲纤维素、微晶纤维素、聚维酮、聚乙二醇或聚乙烯醇的单独使用或混合使用。
第二方面,本发明提供上述细旦尼龙原料共混纺丝母粒制备方法,其特征在于,所述尼龙粉末与熔融纺丝添加剂的重量比例为1:3~3:1。
第三方面,本发明提供上述细旦尼龙原料共混纺丝母粒制备方法,其特征在于,所述母粒主料与辅料的重量比例为10:1~100:2。
第四方面,本发明提供上述细旦尼龙原料共混纺丝母粒制备方法,其特征在于,所述分散剂为三硬脂酸甘油酯。
第五方面,本发明提供上述细旦尼龙原料共混纺丝母粒制备方法,其特征在于,所述粘合剂为丙烯酸树脂。
第六方面,本发明提供上述细旦尼龙原料共混纺丝母粒制备方法,其特征在于,所述崩解剂为干淀粉。
第七方面,本发明提供上述细旦尼龙原料共混纺丝母粒制备方法,其特征在于,所述助溶剂选自苯甲酸钠或硼砂。
第八方面,本发明提供上述细旦尼龙原料共混纺丝母粒制备方法,其特征在于,所述润滑剂选自硅油或氟化石墨。
第九方面,本发明提供上述细旦尼龙原料共混纺丝母粒制备方法,其特征在于,所述包衣选自羟丙基甲基纤维素或羟基丙基纤维素单独使用或混合使用。
通过以上各环节,完成本发明。
本发明方法中,所用术语“熔融纺丝方法”是指,将纺丝用的原料加热熔融,熔融体通过螺杆挤出机挤出后送至纺丝机,经计量泵将熔融体定量压入纺丝部件中,通过喷丝板上的喷丝孔使尼龙熔体以细丝态挤出,侧吹风后冷却成型,再经上油集束和卷绕得到成品,或者上油集束后经过热牵伸,得到细旦尼龙长丝。
本发明方法中,所用术语“加压成型”是指,通过机械加压的方式,将尼龙、熔融纺丝添加剂和其他辅料压制成所需形状。
本发明方法中,所用术语“熔融纺丝添加剂”是指,在熔融纺丝过程中少量添加至尼龙原料中,即可显著改善纤维性能或赋予尼龙纺丝产品某些新的、原尼龙纺丝产品并不显示的性能的物质。
本发明方法中,所用术语“辅料”是指,非用于改善纤维性能,而是用于增加共混纺丝母粒成型、崩解等性能的添加剂。
根据本发明提供的细旦尼龙原料共混纺丝母粒制备方法,具有以下优点:
(1)共混纺丝母粒的制备过程不需要高温操作,降低能源消耗,绿色环保,降低生产成本,同时使生产、加工、制备过程更安全可靠;
(2)在共混纺丝母粒制备过程中无高温熔融过程,有效避免尼龙的热降解,从而保证纺制所得尼龙纤维的品质;
(3)共混纺丝母粒中熔融纺丝添加剂/辅料的有效浓度得到显著提高;
(4)共混纺丝母粒中熔融纺丝添加剂/辅料的种类、含量更容易控制,各组分分散均匀;
(5)共混纺丝母粒尺寸均一,便于包装,并能够实现在后续熔融纺丝过程中共混纺丝母粒的准确定量添加;
(6)使用本发明提供的共混纺丝母粒,可简化熔融纺丝操作,提高熔融纺丝效率。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例来进一步描述本发明。本发明的特点和优点会随着这些描述而变得更为清楚。但是,这些实施例仅仅是范例性的,用于解释说明本发明,但并不对本发明的范围构成任何限制。本领域技术人员应该理解,在不违背本发明的精神和范围情况下,可以在细节方面对本发明进行修饰和/或改变和/或等价替换,这些修饰/修改/替换均应落入本发明所请求保护的范围内。
本发明提供一种细旦尼龙原料共混纺丝母粒的制备方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
A.尼龙粉碎:在温度为-200~100℃,优选为-200~-10℃,将尼龙颗粒粉碎得到粒径小于5μm的尼龙粉末,在常温常压下,将制得的尼龙粉末与熔融纺丝添加剂按重量比例为1:10~10:1混合、搅拌均匀,制得母粒主料;
B.加压成型:在常温常压下,将步骤A中制得的母粒主料与辅料按重量比例为1:1~100:0.5,优选为10:1~100:2,进行充分混合,得到共混母粒原料;在温度为0~200℃,压力为0.1~10MPa条件下,将制得的共混母粒原料加压,制得共混纺丝母粒。
在步骤A中,为防止在尼龙粉碎过程中由于摩擦生热而导致尼龙原料及熔融纺丝添加剂熔化,从而导致尼龙粉末与熔融纺丝添加剂混合不均匀,成型性差,因此选用冷却装置,如液氮冷却装置,使尼龙颗粒处于低温环境,形成分散性好的尼龙粉末,便于后续与熔融纺丝添加剂的混合及加压成型,由于不同型号尼龙的熔点范围在200~300℃,因此控制温度在-200~100℃。
由于本发明采用冷压法制备尼龙共混纺丝母粒,即将尼龙粉末在常温常压下直接与熔融纺丝添加剂和辅料混合,再通过机械加压直接形成共混纺丝母粒,而不经过高温熔融过程,因此尼龙粉末的粒径大小、与熔融纺丝添加剂/辅料粒径的接近程度,直接影响共混纺丝母粒中尼龙粉末与熔融纺丝添加剂及辅料混合的均匀程度和所制成共混纺丝母粒的成型效果,而共混纺丝母粒中各组分混合的均匀程度直接影响其在熔融纺丝过程中在熔融态尼龙原料中的分散程度,尼龙粉末与熔融纺丝添加剂/辅料混合得越均匀,其在熔融态尼龙原料中的分散程度越好,所制得的尼龙纤维品质越优良;同时,尼龙粉末与各添加剂/辅料混合得越均匀,在制备共混纺丝母粒时越容易操作,所制成的共混纺丝母粒越容易成型;又由于本发明选择的添加剂及辅料的粒径为微米级,因此,本发明选择尼龙粉末粒径为5μm以下。
共混纺丝母粒的作用是,熔融纺丝时在熔融态的尼龙原料中解崩,从而将其中的熔融纺丝添加剂添加到尼龙原料中,对尼龙原料起到改性作用,为使熔融纺丝添加剂在尼龙原料中添加得更为均匀,需要控制熔融纺丝添加剂在熔融尼龙原料中的局部浓度不能过高,否则容易造成制得的尼龙纤维品质不均匀,从而降低尼龙的性能,因此控制尼龙粉末与熔融纺丝添加剂的重量比例不超过10:1;尼龙原料中加入熔融纺丝添加剂的量可通过加入共混纺丝母粒的量调节,又不能使添加剂的含量过低,防止在尼龙原料中引入过多的辅料从而降低尼龙纤维的性能,因此控制尼龙粉末与熔融纺丝添加剂的用重量比例不低于1:10;由于尼龙粉末、熔融纺丝添加剂和辅料的粒径均在微米级,因此无需经过高温熔融混合,选择温度范围为0~200℃下直接将上述三者混合压片制成共混纺丝母粒,又由于共混纺丝母粒需要在熔融尼龙原料中解崩来提供熔融纺丝添加剂,因此共混纺丝母粒既要容易解崩,又需要有一定的硬度,以方便包装和运输,因此,本发明选择加压成型的压力范围为0.1~10MPa,将步骤A中制得的共混母粒原料加压制备成为共混纺丝母粒。
本发明中所用尼龙选自:尼龙6,尼龙66,尼龙10,尼龙12,尼龙1212和尼龙610。
熔融纺丝添加剂,其作用是在后续纺丝过程中利用其本身的化学性质来改善的工艺条件,优化所制纤维的性能,如纤维丝的强度、断裂伸长率、吸水性和柔软度等,其中,金属选自镁、钙、锶、铝、镓、铟、锗、锡、铋、钪、钛、钒、铬、锰、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、钇、锆、钼、镧、铈、镨、钕、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱和镥;阴离子或配合物的配体选自:磷酸根、碳酸根、羧酸根、硝酸根、硫酸根、磺酸根、亚硫酸根、卤素阴离子、拟卤素离子以及其他含氮和/或含氧和/或含硫有机配体或多元配体,以及前述基团的衍生物;可用由以上阴阳离子组成的化合物的单一组分或混合物来改善尼龙纤维的性能。
在纺丝过程中,熔融纺丝添加剂在尼龙原料中分散得越均匀,其对尼龙的改性效果越好,因此通常添加可起到分散作用的有机聚合物或无机盐类,本发明选择的分散剂选自:己烯基双硬脂酰胺(EBS),硬脂酸单甘油酯(GMS),三硬脂酸甘油酯(HTG),烃类石蜡固体等单独使用及其混合物;硬脂酸钡,硬脂酸锌,硬脂酸钙,硬脂酸镉,硬脂酸镁或硬脂酸铜;乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物,聚乙烯蜡(PEG)。
为使共混纺丝母粒在尼龙原料中顺利崩解而释放出熔融纺丝添加剂,崩解剂,选自:干淀粉、羧甲基淀粉钠(CMS-Na);低取代羟丙基纤维素(L-HPC)、泡腾崩解剂、交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或交联羧甲基纤维素钠(CCNa);而在共混纺丝母粒中,分散剂可在熔融纺丝过程中将母粒主料均匀分散到尼龙原料中,使熔融纺丝添加剂与尼龙原料充分混合均匀,从而使所制得的尼龙纤维品质更优,因此选择可与尼龙原料互溶的物质,或在尼龙原料中分散度好的物质,因此本发明选择己烯基双硬脂酰胺(EBS),硬脂酸单甘油酯(GMS),三硬脂酸甘油酯(HTG),烃类石蜡固体等单独使用及其混合物;硬脂酸钡,硬脂酸锌,硬脂酸钙,硬脂酸镉,硬脂酸镁或硬脂酸铜;乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物,聚乙烯蜡(PEG)。
在制备共混纺丝母粒时,纺丝母粒主料单纯通过机械加压难以使共混纺丝母粒达到一定的硬度,因此需要在母粒主料中加入粘合剂,使母粒主料具有粘滞性,便于后续加压成型,本发明选择:淀粉、蛋白质、糊精、动物胶、虫胶、皮胶或松香;沥青;水玻璃;聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、硅橡胶、氟橡胶、聚硫橡胶、氯醇橡胶、丁腈橡胶、聚丙烯酸酯橡胶、聚氨酯橡胶或丁基橡胶;聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纤维素、聚氨酯、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯酸酯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、丁基橡胶、乙烯树脂、丙烯酸树脂、氯化橡胶、环氧树脂、硅油或二甲基硅油单独使用或混合使用。
在熔融纺丝过程中,助溶剂的作用是使共混纺丝母粒中崩解释放出的熔融纺丝添加剂在熔融尼龙原料中溶解得更充分,使其对熔融尼龙原料起到改性的作用,本发明所用助溶剂选自:苯甲酸钠、水杨酸钠或对氨基苯甲酸;尿素、烟酰胺或乙酰胺;硼砂或碘化钾。
在加压制备共混纺丝母粒过程中,润滑剂可以起到增加压模/压片过程中共混纺丝母粒原料的流动性的作用,从而提高加压成型的效率。动物油或植物油是良好的天然润滑剂;合成油类由于其也具有与天然油类相似的结构而能起到相同的作用;而某些本身具有层磷结构的无机物,如石墨,也能起到润滑的作用,因此,本发明所用润滑剂选自:机械油、织布机油、主轴油、道轨油、轧钢油、气轮机油、压缩机油、冷冻机油、气缸油、船用油、齿轮油、机压齿轮油、车轴油、仪表油、真空泵油;蓖麻油或牛脂;硅油、脂肪酸酰胺、油酸、聚酯、合成脂或羧酸;石墨、二硫化钼、聚四氟乙烯、尼龙、氮化硼或氟化石墨。
为使加压成型后的共混纺丝母粒产品容易脱模,在加压制备共混纺丝母粒的过程中,需要加入与模具间粘滞力小的物质,即包衣,使共混纺丝母粒在脱模过程中保持良好的形状,本发明选择的包衣选自:羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、羟基丙基纤维素(HPC)、丙烯酸树脂IV号或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、邻苯二甲酸醋酸纤维素(CAP)、邻苯二甲酸羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMCP)、邻苯二甲酸聚乙烯醇脂(PVAP)、苯乙烯马来酸共聚物(StyMA)、丙烯酸树脂、乙基纤维素、醋酸纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙甲纤维素、微晶纤维素、聚维酮、聚乙二醇或聚乙烯醇的单独使用或混合使用。
以上各成分协同作用,可使母粒主料分散均匀稳定,有效增加共混纺丝母粒成型效果,加压成型后硬度适当,既便于包装运输,又可在熔融纺丝过程中顺利崩解,同时,各添加剂/辅料可选择使用,并且所用添加剂/辅料不会降低纤维的品质。
根据本发明提供的细旦尼龙原料共混纺丝母粒制备方法,具有以下有益效果:
第一,共混纺丝母粒的制备过程不需要高温操作,降低能源消耗,绿色环保,降低生产成本,同时使生产、加工、制备过程更安全可靠;
第二,在共混纺丝母粒制备过程中无高温熔融过程,有效避免尼龙的热降解,从而保证纺制所得尼龙纤维的品质;
第三,共混纺丝母粒中熔融纺丝添加剂/辅料的有效浓度得到显著提高;
第四,共混纺丝母粒中多种添加剂/辅料的种类、含量更容易控制,各组分分散均匀;
第五,共混纺丝母粒尺寸均一,便于包装,并能够实现在后续熔融纺丝过程中共混纺丝母粒的准确定量添加;
第六,使用本发明提供的共混纺丝母粒,可简化熔融纺丝操作,提高熔融纺丝效率。
实施例
实验部分
1.所用术语:
(1)实例中所涉及到的“份”均为“重量份”。
(2)实例中所涉及到的“硬度”是指:经平板上下压片测试仪测试,纺丝母粒破碎时的极限压力。
2.所用原料来源:
(1)尼龙6切片:宁波亨润公司生产的高速纺纯尼龙6切片
(2)LaCl3(无水氯化镧):惠州市给力科技有限公司;
(3)Y(NO3)3(无水硝酸钇):淄博镧系工贸有限公司;
(4)Ce2(SO4)3(无水硫酸铈):淄博瑞博康稀土材料有限公司。
实施例1
将尼龙6切片一起经由研磨仪进行粉碎,获得直径5μm的尼龙粉末,将制得的尼龙粉末与熔融纺丝添加剂Y(NO3)3(无水硝酸钇)按重量比例为9:1混合,制成母粒主料,分别按母粒主料与辅料重量比例为100:1和100:3的比例,向母粒主料中加入分散剂三硬脂酸甘油酯(HTG),崩解剂干淀粉,制备成共混母粒原料。
将制得的共混母粒原料经由手动压片机加压,在压强1MPa条件下成型,获得药片状共混纺丝母粒。
取10片本实验例中制得的共混纺丝母粒进行分析测试,相关实验测试数据如下表1所示。
表1
实施例2
将尼龙6切片一起经由研磨仪进行粉碎,获得直径2μm的尼龙粉末,将制得的尼龙粉末与熔融纺丝添加剂Y(NO3)3(无水硝酸钇)按重量比例为9:1混合,制成母粒主料,分别按母粒主料与辅料重量比例为100:1和100:0.5的比例,向母粒主料中加入分散剂三硬脂酸甘油酯(HTG),助溶剂硼砂,制备成共混母粒原料。
将制得的共混母粒原料经由自动压片机加压,在压强1.2MPa条件下成型,获得药片状共混纺丝母粒。
取10片本实验例中制得的共混纺丝母粒进行分析测试,相关实验测试数据如下表2所示。
表2
实施例3
将尼龙6切片一起经由研磨仪进行粉碎,获得直径1μm的尼龙粉末,将制得的尼龙粉末与熔融纺丝添加剂Ce2(SO4)3(无水硫酸铈)按重量比例为7:3混合,制成母粒主料,分别按母粒主料与辅料重量比例为100:2和100:0.5的比例,向母粒主料中加入润滑剂硅油,粘合剂丙烯酸树脂,制备成共混母粒原料。
将制得的共混母粒原料经由手动压片机加压,在压强0.4MPa条件下成型,获得药片状共混纺丝母粒。
取10片本实验例中制得的共混纺丝母粒进行分析测试,相关实验测试数据如下表3所示。
表3
实施例4
将尼龙6切片一起经由研磨仪进行粉碎,获得直径0.5μm的尼龙粉末,将制得的尼龙粉末与熔融纺丝添加剂Ce2(SO4)3(无水硫酸铈)按重量比例为7:3混合,制成母粒主料,分别按母粒主料与辅料重量比例为100:3和100:1的比例,向母粒主料中加入润滑剂氟化石墨,助溶剂苯甲酸钠,制备成共混母粒原料。
将制得的共混母粒原料经由自动压片机加压,在压强0.5MPa条件下成型,获得药片状共混纺丝母粒。
取10片本实验例中制得的共混纺丝母粒进行分析测试,相关实验测试数据如下表4所示。
表4
实施例5
将尼龙6切片经由研磨仪进行粉碎,获得直径0.2μm的尼龙粉末,将制得的尼龙粉末与熔融纺丝添加剂LaCl3(无水氯化镧)按重量比例为1:1混合,制成母粒主料,分别按母粒主料与辅料重量比例为100:5和100:0.5的比例,向母粒主料中加入润滑剂硅油,包衣羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC),制备成共混母粒原料。
将制得的共混母粒原料经由手动压片机加压,在压强0.3MPa条件下成型,获得药片状共混纺丝母粒。
取10片本实验例中制得的共混纺丝母粒进行分析测试,相关实验测试数据如下表5所示。
表5
实施例6
将尼龙6切片经由研磨仪进行粉碎,获得直径0.1μm的尼龙粉末,将制得的尼龙粉末与熔融纺丝添加剂LaCl3(无水氯化镧)按重量比例为1:1混合,制成母粒主料,分别按母粒主料与辅料重量比例为100:2和100:0.5的比例,向母粒主料中加入润滑剂硅油,包衣羟基丙基纤维素(HPC),制备成共混母粒原料。
将制得的共混母粒原料经由自动压片机加压,在压强0.4MPa条件下成型,获得药片状共混纺丝母粒。
取10片本实验例中制得的共混纺丝母粒进行分析测试,相关实验测试数据如下表6所示。
表6
对比例
对比例1
将LaCl3(无水氯化镧)与尼龙6切片按如下重量比例,通过常规熔融共混法生产共混纺丝母粒。
在每种质量比所制得的共混纺丝母粒中取3粒进行分析测试,实验数据如下表7所示。
表7
实验例
将上述实施例1~实施例6及对比例1制得的纺丝母粒用于熔融纺丝,其纺丝过程工艺参数如下表8所示:
表8
以上结合具体实施方式和范例性实例对本发明进行了详细说明,不过这些说明并不能理解为对本发明的限制。本领域技术人员理解,在不偏离本发明精神和范围的情况下,可以对本发明技术方案及其实施方式进行多种等价替换、修饰或改进,这些均落入本发明的范围内。本发明的保护范围以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (9)
1.细旦尼龙原料共混纺丝母粒制备方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
A.尼龙粉碎:在温度为-200~100℃,将尼龙颗粒粉碎得到直径小于5μm的尼龙粉末,在常温常压下,将制得的尼龙粉末与熔融纺丝添加剂按重量比例为1:10~10:1混合、搅拌均匀,制得母粒主料;
B.加压成型:在常温常压下,将步骤A中制得的母粒主料与辅料按重量比例为1:1~100:0.5进行充分混合,得到共混母粒原料;在温度为0~200℃,压力为0.1~10MPa条件下,将制得的共混母粒原料加压,制得共混纺丝母粒;
其中,
所述尼龙包括:尼龙6,尼龙66,尼龙10,尼龙12,尼龙1212和尼龙610;
所述熔融纺丝添加剂选自由以下金属的阳离子和以下阴离子形成的化合物或配合物,
所述金属选自:
镁、钙、锶、铝、镓、铟、锗、锡、铋、钪、钛、钒、铬、锰、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、钇、锆、钼、镧、铈、镨、钕、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱和镥;
所述阴离子选自:磷酸根、碳酸根、羧酸根、硝酸根、硫酸根、磺酸根、亚硫酸根、卤素阴离子、拟卤素离子以及其他含氮和/或含氧和/或含硫有机配体或多元配体,以及前述基团的衍生物;
辅料,包括分散剂、粘合剂、崩解剂、助溶剂、润滑剂和包衣中的至少一种;
其中,
所述分散剂,包括:己烯基双硬脂酰胺,硬脂酸单甘油酯,三硬脂酸甘油酯,烃类石蜡固体等单独使用及其混合物;硬脂酸钡,硬脂酸锌,硬脂酸钙,硬脂酸镉,硬脂酸镁或硬脂酸铜;乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物,聚乙烯蜡;
所述粘合剂,选自:淀粉、蛋白质、糊精、动物胶、虫胶、皮胶或松香;沥青;水玻璃;聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、硅橡胶、氟橡胶、聚硫橡胶、氯醇橡胶、丁腈橡胶、聚丙烯酸酯橡胶、聚氨酯橡胶或丁基橡胶;聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纤维素、聚氨酯、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯酸酯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、丁基橡胶、乙烯树脂、丙烯酸树脂、氯化橡胶、环氧树脂、硅油或二甲基硅油单独使用或混合使用;
所述崩解剂,选自:干淀粉、羧甲基淀粉钠;低取代羟丙基纤维素、泡腾崩解剂、交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或交联羧甲基纤维素钠;
所述助溶剂,选自:苯甲酸钠、水杨酸钠或对氨基苯甲酸;尿素、烟酰胺或乙酰胺;硼砂或碘化钾;
所述润滑剂,选自:机械油、织布机油、主轴油、道轨油、轧钢油、气轮机油、压缩机油、冷冻机油、气缸油、船用油、齿轮油、机压齿轮油、车轴油、仪表油、真空泵油;蓖麻油或牛脂;硅油、脂肪酸酰胺、油酸、聚酯、合成脂或羧酸;石墨、二硫化钼、聚四氟乙烯、尼龙、氮化硼或氟化石墨;
所述包衣,选自:羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟基丙基纤维素、丙烯酸树脂IV号或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、邻苯二甲酸醋酸纤维素、邻苯二甲酸羟丙基甲基纤维素、邻苯二甲酸聚乙烯醇脂、苯乙烯马来酸共聚物、丙烯酸树脂、乙基纤维素、醋酸纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙甲纤维素、微晶纤维素、聚维酮、聚乙二醇或聚乙烯醇的单独使用或混合使用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的细旦尼龙原料共混纺丝母粒制备方法,其特征在于,所述尼龙粉末与熔融纺丝添加剂的重量比例为1:3~3:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的细旦尼龙原料共混纺丝母粒制备方法,其特征在于,所述母粒主料与辅料的重量比例为10:1~100:2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的细旦尼龙原料共混纺丝母粒制备方法,其特征在于,所述分散剂为三硬脂酸甘油酯。
5.根据权利要求1所述的细旦尼龙原料共混纺丝母粒制备方法,其特征在于,所述粘合剂为丙烯酸树脂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的细旦尼龙原料共混纺丝母粒制备方法,其特征在于,所述崩解剂为干淀粉。
7.根据权利要求1所述的细旦尼龙原料共混纺丝母粒制备方法,其特征在于,所述助溶剂选自苯甲酸钠或硼砂。
8.根据权利要求1所述的细旦尼龙原料共混纺丝母粒制备方法,其特征在于,所述润滑剂选自硅油或氟化石墨。
9.根据权利要求1所述的细旦尼龙原料共混纺丝母粒制备方法,其特征在于,所述包衣选自羟丙基甲基纤维素或羟基丙基纤维素单独使用或混合使用。
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