CN103950167A - 一种稻壳粉/非医疗废弃物复合材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种稻壳粉/非医疗废弃物复合材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN103950167A
CN103950167A CN201410175386.XA CN201410175386A CN103950167A CN 103950167 A CN103950167 A CN 103950167A CN 201410175386 A CN201410175386 A CN 201410175386A CN 103950167 A CN103950167 A CN 103950167A
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王春红
任子龙
王文义
杨立新
章德全
王建钢
施春林
王恩涛
李伟明
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TIANJIN HUANZE SUMIN PROCESSING CO Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种稻壳粉/非医疗废弃物复合材料制备方法，其制备步骤是：⑴原料烘干：将稻壳粉、非医疗废弃物碎片烘干处理；⑵挤出造粒：将烘干后的稻壳粉和非医疗废弃物混合并经熔融挤出、造粒；⑶颗粒烘干：将挤出造粒后的颗粒在80～100℃下干燥2～4h；⑷注塑成型：将干燥后的颗粒经熔融、注塑成型。本发明结合稻壳具备活性羟基基团少，表面极性低，吸水性低等特点，本发明提出利用稻壳粉和非医疗废弃物生产复合材料，以实现资源的循环利用，减少污染，增加农民收入，从而提高经济、社会和环保效益。

Description

一种稻壳粉/非医疗废弃物复合材料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料制备技术，具体为一种稻壳粉/非医疗废弃物复合材料的制备方法。 
背景技术
非医疗废弃物主要包括医疗机构在医疗护理活动中产生的不具有感染性、毒性以及其他危害性的废弃塑料，包括各种仪器、药品等的外包装和使用后的各种输液瓶、输液管、输液软袋等。目前非医疗废弃物主要的处理方法有燃烧和填埋方法，不仅会导致资源浪费，还会造成环境污染；此外还有少部分经热解法回收再利用，附加价值低。 
稻壳是农作物副产物，年产量大，目前大部分稻壳被用来燃烧发电、供暖或用作动物饲料等，应用附加值低。 
秸杆/塑复合材料综合性能优于中高密度纤维板，而且还具有阻燃、防虫蛀、吸水率极低、不易变形等优点。我国是一个农业大国，每年有大量的农业副产品－麦秆和稻秆产生。因此对秸秆进行积极的有效的处理和利用是十分重要的。 
经检索，尚未发现以稻壳粉和非医疗废弃物为原料制备秸塑复合材料的报导。 
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术的不足之处，提供了一种实现资源的循环利用，减少污染的稻壳粉/非医疗废弃物复合材料的制备方法。 
为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案是： 
一种稻壳粉/非医疗废弃物复合材料制备方法，其制备步骤是： 
⑴原料烘干：将稻壳粉、非医疗废弃物碎片烘干处理； 
⑵挤出造粒：将烘干后的稻壳粉和非医疗废弃物混合并经熔融挤出、造粒； 
⑶颗粒烘干：将挤出造粒后的颗粒在80～100℃下干燥2～4h； 
⑷注塑成型：将干燥后的颗粒经熔融、注塑成型。 
而且，所述稻壳粉与非医疗废弃物碎片重量百分比为： 
稻壳粉：5～50％； 
非医疗废弃物秸塑复合材料：50％～95％。 
而且，所述稻壳粉与非医疗废弃物碎片重量百分比为： 
稻壳粉：15％； 
非医疗废弃物秸塑复合材料：85％。 
而且，所述稻壳粉与非医疗废弃物碎片重量百分比为： 
稻壳粉：25％； 
非医疗废弃物秸塑复合材料：75％。 
而且，所述稻壳粉的粒径为20～200目。 
而且，步骤⑴所述的原料烘干是将稻壳粉、非医疗废弃物碎片在80～105℃烘箱中烘干。 
而且，步骤⑵所述的挤出造粒是指将稻壳粉、非医疗废弃物碎片置于双螺杆挤出机中经熔融挤出、造粒，共包括十一个区的加热熔融，其中一区温度范围为130-150℃，二区温度范围为150-170℃，三区温度范围为180-195℃，四区温度范围为180-195℃，五区温度范围为180-195℃，六区温度范围为180-195℃，七区温度范围为180-195℃，八区温度范围为180-195℃，九区温度范围为180-195℃，十区温度范围为180-195℃，十一区175-185℃温度范围为，主机转速为50-200rpm；喂料机转速为10-40rpm。 
而且，步骤⑶所述的颗粒烘干是指将挤出造粒后的颗粒在80～100℃下干燥2～4h。 
而且，步骤⑷所述的注塑成型是指将干燥后的颗粒至于注塑机中经熔融、注塑成型，共包括三个区的加热熔融，其中一区温度范围为195-220℃，二区温度范围为195-220℃，三区温度范围为190-210℃。注射压力为15-30MPa，保压时间为15-25s，填充时间为5-10s，冷却时间为15-30s。 
本发明的优点是： 
本发明结合稻壳具备活性羟基基团少，表面极性低，吸水性低等特点，本发明提出利用稻壳粉和非医疗废弃物生产复合材料，得到的复合材料拉伸强度和弯曲强度均可达10MPa以上，在满足国标中对建筑装饰材料、鞋材、包装材料等要求的基础上，实现了资源的循环利用，减少污染，增加农民收入，从而提高经济、社会和环保效益。 
具体实施方式：
下面通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步详述，以下实施例只是描述性的，不是限定性的，不能以此限定本发明的保护范围。 
实施例1 
一种稻壳粉/非医疗废弃物复合材料制备方法，其制备步骤是： 
(1)将非医疗废弃物碎片在80℃烘箱中烘干。 
(2)将非医疗废弃物碎片置于双螺杆挤出机中经熔融挤出，造粒，其工艺为：一区135℃，二区165℃，三区190℃，四区190℃，五区190℃，六区190℃，七区190℃，八区190℃，九区190℃，十区190℃，十一区180℃，主机转速为150rpm；喂料机转速为30rpm。 
(2)将所造粒子在80℃下干燥2h； 
(3)将干燥后的粒子至于注塑机中经熔融、注塑成型，其工艺为：一区215℃，二区215℃，三区210℃；注射压力为15MPa；保压时间为20s，填充时间为6s，冷却时间为20s。 
经检测，本实施例所得复合材料的弯曲强度为11.16MPa，弯曲模量为0.52GPa，拉伸强度为11.74MPa，拉伸模量为0.48GPa。 
实施例2 
(1)将60目稻壳粉和非医疗废弃物碎片在80℃烘箱中烘干； 
(2)称取150g的稻壳粉和850g的非医疗废弃物碎片，使两者的混合质量比例为15：85； 
(3)将混合的原料置于双螺杆挤出机中经熔融挤出，造粒，其工艺为：一区135℃，二区165℃，三区190℃，四区190℃，五区190℃，六区190℃，七区190℃，八区190℃，九区190℃，十区190℃，十一区180℃，主机转速为150rpm；喂料机转速为30rpm； 
(4)将所造粒子在80℃下干燥2h烘干； 
(5)将干燥后的粒子至于注塑机中经熔融、注塑成型，其工艺为：一区215℃，二区215℃，三区210℃；注射压力为15MPa；保压时间为20s，填充时间为6s，冷却时间为20s。 
经检测，本实施例所得复合材料的弯曲强度为11.56MPa，弯曲模量为0.58GPa，拉伸强度为11.64MPa，拉伸模量为0.52GPa。 
实施例3 
(1)将70目稻壳粉和非医疗废弃物碎片在80℃烘箱中烘干； 
(2)称取150g的稻壳粉和850g的非医疗废弃物碎片，使两者的混合质量比例为15：85； 
(3)将混合的原料置于双螺杆挤出机中经熔融挤出，造粒，其工艺为：一区135℃，二区165℃，三区190℃，四区190℃，五区190℃，六区190℃，七区190℃，八区190℃，九区190℃，十区190℃，十一区180℃，主机转速为150rpm；喂料机转速为30rpm； 
(4)将所造粒子在80℃下干燥2h烘干； 
(5)将干燥后的粒子至于注塑机中经熔融、注塑成型，其工艺为：一区215℃，二区215℃，三区210℃；注射压力为15MPa；保压时间为20s，填充时间为6s，冷却时间为20s。 
经检测，本实施例所得复合材料的弯曲强度为11.45MPa，弯曲模量为0.60GPa，拉伸强度为11.56MPa，拉伸模量为0.58GPa。 
实施例4 
(1)将70目稻壳粉和非医疗废弃物碎片在80℃烘箱中烘干； 
(2)称取250g的稻壳粉和750g的非医疗废弃物碎片，使两者的混合质量比例为25：75； 
(3)将混合的原料置于双螺杆挤出机中经熔融挤出，造粒，其工艺为：一区135℃，二区165℃，三区190℃，四区190℃，五区190℃，六区190℃，七区190℃，八区190℃，九区190℃，十区190℃，十一区180℃，主机转速为150rpm；喂料机转速为30rpm； 
(4)将所造粒子在80℃下干燥2h烘干； 
(5)将干燥后的粒子至于注塑机中经熔融、注塑成型，其工艺为：一区215℃，二区215℃，三区210℃；注射压力为15MPa；保压时间为20s，填充时间为6s，冷却时间为20s。 
经检测，本实施例所得复合材料的弯曲强度为11.68MPa，弯曲模量为0.65GPa，拉伸强度为11.46MPa，拉伸模量为0.57GPa。 
实施例5 
(1)将100目稻壳粉和非医疗废弃物碎片在80℃烘箱中烘干； 
(2)称取150g的稻壳粉和850g的非医疗废弃物碎片，使两者的混合质量比例为15：85； 
(3)将混合的原料置于双螺杆挤出机中经熔融挤出，造粒，其工艺为：一区135℃，二区165℃，三区190℃，四区190℃，五区190℃，六区190℃，七区190℃，八区190℃，九区190℃，十区190℃，十一区180℃，主机转速为150rpm；喂料机转速为30rpm； 
(4)将所造粒子在80℃下干燥2h烘干； 
(5)将干燥后的粒子至于注塑机中经熔融、注塑成型，其工艺为：一区215℃，二区215℃，三区210℃；注射压力为15MPa；保压时间为20s，填充时间为6s，冷却时间为20s。 
经检测，本实施例所得复合材料的弯曲强度为11.72MPa，弯曲模量为0.58GPa，拉伸强度为11.56MPa，拉伸模量为0.63GPa。 

Claims (9)

1.一种稻壳粉/非医疗废弃物复合材料制备方法，其特征在于：其制备步骤是：
⑴原料烘干：将稻壳粉、非医疗废弃物碎片烘干处理；
⑵挤出造粒：将烘干后的稻壳粉和非医疗废弃物混合并经熔融挤出、造粒；
⑶颗粒烘干：将挤出造粒后的颗粒在80～100℃下干燥2～4h；
⑷注塑成型：将干燥后的颗粒经熔融、注塑成型。
2.根据权利要求1所述的稻壳粉/非医疗废弃物复合材料制备方法，其特征在于：所述稻壳粉与非医疗废弃物碎片重量百分比为：
稻壳粉：5～50％；
非医疗废弃物秸塑复合材料：50％～95％。
3.根据权利要求2所述的稻壳粉/非医疗废弃物复合材料制备方法，其特征在于：所述稻壳粉与非医疗废弃物碎片重量百分比为：
稻壳粉：15％；
非医疗废弃物秸塑复合材料：85％。
4.根据权利要求2所述的稻壳粉/非医疗废弃物复合材料制备方法，其特征在于：所述稻壳粉与非医疗废弃物碎片重量百分比为：
稻壳粉：25％；
非医疗废弃物秸塑复合材料：75％。
5.根据权利要求2或3或4所述的稻壳粉/非医疗废弃物复合材料制备方法，其特征在于：所述稻壳粉的粒径为20～200目。
6.根据权利要求1所述的稻壳粉/非医疗废弃物复合材料制备方法，其特征在于：步骤⑴所述的原料烘干是将稻壳粉、非医疗废弃物碎片在80～105℃烘箱中烘干。
7.根据权利要求2所述的稻壳粉/非医疗废弃物复合材料制备方法，其特征在于：步骤⑵所述的挤出造粒是指将稻壳粉、非医疗废弃物碎片置于双螺杆挤出机中经熔融挤出、造粒，共包括十一个区的加热熔融，其中一区温度范围为130-150℃，二区温度范围为150-170℃，三区温度范围为180-195℃，四区温度范围为180-195℃，五区温度范围为180-195℃，六区温度范围为180-195℃，七区温度范围为180-195℃，八区温度范围为180-195℃，九区温度范围为180-195℃，十区温度范围为180-195℃，十一区175-185℃温度范围为，主机转速为50-200rpm；喂料机转速为10-40rpm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的稻壳粉/非医疗废弃物复合材料制备方法，其特征在于：步骤⑶所述的颗粒烘干是指将挤出造粒后的颗粒在80～100℃下干燥2～4h。
9.根据权利要求1所述的稻壳粉/非医疗废弃物复合材料制备方法，其特征在于：步骤⑷所述的注塑成型是指将干燥后的颗粒至于注塑机中经熔融、注塑成型，共包括三个区的加热熔融，其中一区温度范围为195-220℃，二区温度范围为195-220℃，三区温度范围为190-210℃。注射压力为15-30MPa，保压时间为15-25s，填充时间为5-10s，冷却时间为15-30s。
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