CN101108910A - 一种用自然材料改性的聚甲醛环境友好复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用自然材料改性的聚甲醛环境友好复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
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- -1 Polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 3
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- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract 2
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- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/04—Particle-shaped
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/022—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
- B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
- B29C2948/92704—Temperature
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Abstract
一种用自然材料改性的聚甲醛环境友好复合材料及其制备方法，属于环境友好复合材料，该复合材料的组成成分的重量百分比为：自然材料3％～30％，乙烯类聚合物占1％～20％，偶联剂或相容剂1％～5％，聚甲醛(POM)占50％～95％。自然材料指各种木质纤维、各种麻纤维及农作物废弃物稻壳粉、秸秆粉等。其制备方法是将给定比例自然材料，乙烯类聚合物、偶联剂(或相容剂)以及POM，80－120℃烘干3－4小时，通过机械高速搅拌充分混合后，通过双螺杆挤出机(或单螺杆挤出机)造粒，然后在170－185℃左右注塑成型或热模压成型，冷却后得到本发明的复合材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用自然材料改性的聚甲醛环境友好复合材料及其制备方法，属环境友好材料。自然材料指各种木质纤维、各种麻纤维以及农作物废弃物稻壳粉、桔杆粉等。
背景技术
近年来，制造业、服务业以及日常生活中产生了大量的废弃物。问题在于没有足够的填埋场地与有限的循环利用。例如：2003年世界塑料的产量已经超过2亿吨，而国内塑料原料表观消费量由2000年的2400万吨增加到2004年的3813.3万吨，居世界第二位，国内废弃塑料年产量大约为700万吨。据《再生资源回收利用“十一五”规划》中提出，2005年回收利用废弃塑料应达到500~600万吨，而当年实际回收的废塑料只有200多万吨。“白色污染”正严重地威胁着我们生存的环境。
聚甲醛(Polyoxymethylene，简称POM)是五大通用工程塑料之一，分子主链中含有(CH2-O)链节，是一种高结晶性的热塑性工程塑料，它具有较高的强度与刚度，在所有塑料中比强度接近金属的品种之一，其尺寸稳定性，耐磨性都比较好，成型加工方便，原料价廉易得，经过改性后性能更加优异，已经广泛应用于汽车、机械等领域。2005年，POM世界总消费量约为80万吨，国内实际消费量约11万吨，预计到2010年国内实际消费量将增长到18万吨。生产、加工以及使用过程中不可避免产生大量的POM废弃物。按常理推测POM是热塑性塑料，循环利用比较容易，但是其耐候性与抗老化性都比较差，不可能无限地循环再利用，最终的POM废弃物只能通过填埋或焚烧处理，然而理想的填埋场地非常有限。另一方面，常用于增强POM的填料，如玻璃纤维、无机矿物和金属纤维等，其重量比为20~40％，在焚烧后将残留大量的废碴，仍需要填埋处理；用于降低摩擦系数的填料，如聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)，在焚烧后又会释放含氟有毒的废气，导致环境的二次污染。因此POM的改性、回收以及最终废弃物处理是一个亟待解决的问题。为保持社会的可持续发展，研制可循环利用的绿色POM自润滑材料轴承迫在眉睫。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术存在的缺陷提供一种绿色环保无污染，且耐磨性好，成型方便，成本低的，可循环利用的用自然材料改性的POM环境友好复合材料。
实现本发明用自然材料改性的POM环境友好复合材料制备的方法是：将给定比例的自然材料，乙烯类聚合物、偶联剂或相容剂以及聚甲醛，置于烘箱中，80-120℃烘干3-4小时，通过机械高速搅拌充分混合后，通过双螺杆挤出机(或单螺杆挤出机)造粒，然后在170-185℃范围内注塑成型或热模压成型，冷却后得到本发明的复合材料。
本发明各组成成分重量百分比为：自然材料3％~30％，乙烯类聚合物占2％~20％，偶联剂或相容剂1％~5％，POM占50％~95％。所述自然材料是指各种木质纤维、各种麻纤维及农作物废弃物稻壳粉、桔杆粉。使干滑动摩擦系数降低了20％，磨损寿命提高了大约50％。由于这种环境友好的POM复合材料的综合摩擦性能优越，更重要的是焚烧后无毒无渣，能够清洁地回收能量，真正实现变废为宝，因此可用于制造环境友好塑料齿轮与自润滑的轴承，以及用于机械与汽车等环境友好塑料零部件等等，应用前景广阔。
具体实施方式
以下结合几个具体实例进一步说明本发明的效果。
表1、表2与表3是未填充自然材料与乙烯类聚合物的纯POM与填充自然材料与乙烯类聚合物的POM环境友好材料干摩擦磨损实验的结果比较。
实施例1：
填充稻壳粉与低密乙烯复合材料：稻壳粉(自然材料)3％，低密度聚乙烯(乙烯类聚合物)5％，POM 92％。
实验条件：对磨件为45钢，硬度41 HRC，表面粗糙度Ra 0.1μm，试件往复频率1Hz，正应力6MPa，相对湿度70％。在往复滑动摩擦实验机上完成，实验结果见表1：
表1 填充稻壳粉与低密乙烯与不填充的POM复合材料干滑动摩擦性能
| 未填充的纯POM | 填充稻壳粉与低密乙烯 | ||
| 摩擦系数 | 比磨损率(mm3/N.m)(mm3/N.m) | 摩擦系数 | 比磨损率 |
| 0.18~0.20 | 2.09×10-6 | 0.13~0.15 | 1.28×10-6 |
实施例2：
填充稻壳粉与低密乙烯复合材料：稻壳粉(自然材料)5％，低密度聚乙烯(乙烯类聚合物)7.5％，POM 87.5％。
实验条件同实施例1。
表2 填充稻壳粉与低密乙烯与不填充的POM复合材料干滑动摩擦性能
| 未填充的纯POM | 填充稻壳粉与低密乙烯 | ||
| 摩擦系数 | 比磨损率(mm3/N.m)(mm3/N.m) | 摩擦系数 | 比磨损率 |
| 0.18~0.20 | 2.09×10-6 | 0.13~0.16 | 1.07×10-6 |
实施例3：
填充稻壳粉与低密乙烯复合材料：稻壳粉(自然材料)30％，低密度聚乙烯(乙烯类聚合物)20％，POM 50％。实验条件同实施例1。
表3 添加二硫化钼与未添加二硫化钼的复合材料干滑动摩擦性能
| 未填充的纯POM | 填充稻壳粉与低密乙烯 | ||
| 摩擦系数 | 比磨损率(mm3/N.m)(mm3/N.m) | 摩擦系数 | 比磨损率 |
| 0.18~0.20 | 2.09×10-6 | 0.13~0.15 | 3.5×10-6 |
Claims (2)
1.一种用自然材料改性的聚甲醛环境友好复合材料，其特征在于，组成成分重量百分比为：自然材料3％~30％，乙烯类聚合物占1％~20％，偶联剂或相容剂1％~5％，聚甲醛占50％~95％，所述的自然材料是指各种木质纤维、各种麻纤维及农作物废弃物稻壳粉、桔杆粉。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的一种用自然材料改性的聚甲醛环境友好复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，将给定比例的自然材料、乙烯类聚合物、偶联剂或相容剂以及聚甲醛，置于烘箱中，80-120℃烘干3-4小时，通过机械高速搅拌充分混合后，通过双螺杆挤出机或单螺杆挤出机造粒，然后在170-185℃范围内注塑成型或热模压成型，冷却后得到本发明的复合材料。
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103950167A (zh) * | 2014-04-29 | 2014-07-30 | 天津环泽塑皿加工有限责任公司 | 一种稻壳粉/非医疗废弃物复合材料的制备方法 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103950167A (zh) * | 2014-04-29 | 2014-07-30 | 天津环泽塑皿加工有限责任公司 | 一种稻壳粉/非医疗废弃物复合材料的制备方法 |
| CN103950167B (zh) * | 2014-04-29 | 2016-05-11 | 天津环泽塑皿加工有限责任公司 | 一种稻壳粉/非医疗废弃物复合材料的制备方法 |
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