CN103946414A - 用于制备用于涂饰塑料表面的含金属层的涂层体系的方法 - Google Patents

用于制备用于涂饰塑料表面的含金属层的涂层体系的方法 Download PDF

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CN103946414A
CN103946414A CN201280057096.4A CN201280057096A CN103946414A CN 103946414 A CN103946414 A CN 103946414A CN 201280057096 A CN201280057096 A CN 201280057096A CN 103946414 A CN103946414 A CN 103946414A
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U·德罗西
K·罗特斯
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Mankiewicz Gebr and Co GmbH and Co KG
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于涂覆塑料表面或玻璃表面的方法。该方法在此包括在零件的表面上施加第一层，所述第一层可以由UV固化的油墨来制备，在所述第一层上施加至少一个金属层和施加由清漆构成的最后的层。另外，本发明涉及用于基材表面的涂层体系，该体系包含可由UV固化的喷墨油墨制备的第一层、一个或更多个金属层和最后的清漆层。本发明尤其可以以在线方法用于装饰塑料零件。

Description

用于制备用于涂饰塑料表面的含金属层的涂层体系的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于制备用于涂饰和装饰零件的涂层体系的方法，所述涂层体系还可以用于在线工艺(inline-Prozessen)。本发明还涉及用于塑料表面的涂层体系，所述涂层体系包含一个或更多个金属层。
背景技术
为了在基材的表面上施加金属层，作为基于真空的涂覆方法已知的是物理气相沉积或者PVD方法(PVD：物理气相沉积)。在此借助于物理方法将初始材料或涂层材料转化成气相。气态的材料在待涂覆的基材上冷凝，并因此形成目标层或涂层。为了蒸发初始材料而使用不同的方法。因此，可以例如经由阴极溅射或溅射将初始材料转化成气相。术语“溅射”在下文被理解为溅射沉积，通常用于制备薄的层。溅射的薄层主要还用于表面涂饰。
PVD方法的非常低的工艺温度可以实现低熔点塑料的涂覆。然而，塑料基材或塑料零件的表面大多数是不够完美的。因此，通常必须在PVD层之下施加底漆。为此通常使用双组分的含溶剂的底漆，例如需要热干燥的聚氨酯底漆。在这种情况下，常规的干燥条件是在80℃下30分钟。但是，热干燥的底漆不适合用于浮雕结构的构建。以PVD方法施加的金属层对于某些应用，例如汽车内部空间而言并不是足够稳定的。因此，大多还在金属层上施涂其它层，例如清漆。
此外，金属层难以借助已知的涂层体系进行装饰。图案或文字的施加在此只可能经由清漆的激光加工。但是，激光加工价格昂贵，并且损伤或破坏清漆的表面。通过激光加工尤其形成开放的边缘，在湿度负荷时可能从所述边缘中发生渗透，由此削弱涂层的整体结构。额外的激光加工在在线方法中是不可能的。另外，该方法也不能形成浮雕结构。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的在于，提供用于零件表面涂饰的改进的试剂和方法，尤其是涂覆方法和具有金属层的涂层体系。
所述目的通过根据权利要求1的方法和根据权利要求6的涂层体系得以实现。优选的实施方案公开于从属权利要求和说明书中。
根据本发明的方法具有多个步骤，用于直接在零件的表面上构建涂层体系。在此首先在零件的表面上施涂第一含油墨的层。该表面可以被直接涂覆或者还可以设置有底涂漆或底漆层。然后在含油墨的层上施涂金属层。最后，在金属层上施涂清漆层。
根据本发明，第一层由一种或更多种UV固化性油墨制备。为此在步骤(a)中，在零件表面上借助常规的喷墨印刷法使用市售的喷墨印刷头施加至少一种油墨。术语“喷墨印刷法”在下文既被理解为喷墨打印法，也被理解为按需喷墨法。所施涂的油墨在步骤(b)中通过用UV光辐照固化成含油墨的层。由于在喷墨印刷法中使用UV固化性油墨，在该第一层中可以另外以常规的、本领域技术人员已知的方式实现浮雕状的层表面。因此，与位于其上的金属层结合在零件表面上产生光-影相互作用。
已知的喷墨油墨是基于水或基于溶剂的稀液状油墨，通常其粘度在4mPas至30mPas的范围内。除了着色剂之外，所述喷墨油墨具有高的溶剂份额和少的粘结剂份额。作为着色剂，例如使用可溶的具有高的耐光性和热稳定性的染料，和/或粒度在3μm以下的细分颜料。适合用于根据本发明的方法中的UV固化性喷墨油墨包括低聚物、反应性稀释剂和光引发剂，其用于引发固化过程。
在步骤(c)中，在第一含油墨的层上施涂薄的金属层。根据本发明，所述金属层借助PVD方法，优选通过溅射或蒸镀来产生。适合用于涂覆的金属是例如铝和铬。在本发明的其它实施方案中，可以通过使用反应性气体改变金属层的颜色。
接下来，在金属层上制备清漆层。在步骤(d)中，将清漆施涂在金属层上，并在步骤(e)中固化。清漆是在表面上产生透明的层或涂层的涂料，所述层或涂层主要具有保护的性质。清漆通常不包含颜料或填料。任选地，可以向其中添加可溶的染料或透明的颜料。根据本发明，合适的是本领域技术人员熟悉和已知的清漆。根据本发明优选使用UV固化性漆。不同于所使用的UV固化性油墨，用于提高经固化的层的稳定性的清漆包含明显更高的粘结剂份额。此外，清漆以比油墨更厚的层厚度施加。清漆可以以本领域技术人员熟悉的方法施加，例如刷涂、喷雾、喷涂、喷射、刮涂或辊涂。根据本发明优选的是，经由喷枪来施涂清漆。在特别优选的实施方案中，也通过喷墨印刷来施加清漆。
在本发明的其它实施方案中，首先为零件表面配置底涂漆。根据本发明，在该底涂漆上以期望的花纹或装饰采用至少一种合适的油墨借助于市售的喷墨印刷头印刷第一层。根据本发明的底涂漆或底漆层有助于整个涂层体系在零件表面上的附着。底漆是本领域技术人员已知和熟悉的，可以用于为所使用的零件材料上底涂漆并且以常规的方式使用。优选使用UV固化性底漆，所述底漆以常规的方法例如刷涂、喷雾、喷涂、喷射、刮涂或辊涂施涂在零件表面上。根据本发明，优选经由喷枪来施涂。在特别优选的实施方案中，同样通过喷墨印刷法来施加底漆。
根据本发明的方法优选用于涂覆零件。合适的零件材料或基材是塑料，例如普通的ABS(丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物)或ABS-PC(具有聚碳酸酯的丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物)。其它合适的基材是玻璃和三聚氰胺例如三聚氰胺层压体或三聚氰胺层压的材料。根据本发明的涂覆方法可以实现金属层的装饰而不损伤覆盖层，从而不会发生整体构造的不稳定。因此，所获得的涂层具有满足常规汽车规范的稳定性。
此外，根据本发明优选使用的UV固化性油墨、清漆和底漆相对快地固化，从而可以实现经涂覆的表面的快速的继续加工。因此，根据本发明的方法可以容易地整合到现有的涂装过程中，并且因此提供在线涂饰过程的可能性。
本发明所提出的目的还通过具有下列层构造的涂层体系得以实现：
-由一种或更多种UV固化性喷墨油墨制备的第一含油墨层；
-一个或更多个金属层，和
-由一种或更多种清漆制备的最后的清漆层。
根据本发明，所使用的油墨优选具有5重量％至50重量％的低聚物、20重量％至80重量％的反应性稀释剂和最多至15重量％的颜料，各自基于油墨的总质量计。优选地，该油墨包含5重量％至30重量％，特别优选5重量％至15重量％的低聚物，基于油墨的总质量计。合适的低聚物例如是脂肪族和芳香族的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯、聚醚丙烯酸酯和环氧丙烯酸酯，其中丙烯酸酯可以是单官能的或多官能的，例如二官能的、三官能的直至六官能的和十官能的。优选地，该油墨还包含50重量％至80重量％，特别优选70重量％至80重量％的单官能、二官能和/或三官能的反应性稀释剂，基于油墨的总质量计。合适的反应性稀释剂例如是二丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、四氢糠基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸异冰片酯和丙烯酸异癸酯。
另外，根据本发明所使用的油墨可以另外包含一种或更多种颜料，该颜料的量总共为最多至15重量％，基于油墨的总质量计。合适的颜料例如是颜料黄213、PY151、PY93、PY83、颜料红122、PR168、PR254、PR179、颜料红166、颜料红48:2、颜料紫19、颜料蓝15:1、颜料蓝15:3、颜料蓝15:4、颜料绿7、颜料绿36、颜料黑7或颜料白6。
根据本发明所使用的油墨此外还包含常规的、本领域技术人员熟悉的光引发剂。光引发剂的类型和使用量尤其取决于所使用的UV辐照。通常，基于油墨的总重量计，以1重量％至5重量％的量使用光引发剂。另外，为了调节油墨的性质，还可以向油墨中添加其它添加剂例如分散剂、消泡剂和UV吸收剂。
根据本发明的金属层优选包含铬或铝。
清漆是在表面上产生透明的层或涂层的涂料，它尤其具有保护的性质。清漆通常不包含颜料或填料。任选地，可以向其中添加可溶的染料或透明的颜料。在根据本发明的涂层体系中，清漆层被用作最后的层，所述层保护位于其下方的层免受机械损伤和气候影响。根据本发明优选的是UV固化性清漆，它优选具有15重量％至50重量％的低聚物，和20重量％至80重量％的反应性稀释剂，各自基于清漆的总质量计。优选地，该清漆包含25重量％至50重量％，特别优选30重量％至50重量％的低聚物，基于清漆的质量计。合适的低聚物例如是脂肪族和芳香族的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯、聚醚丙烯酸酯和环氧丙烯酸酯，其中丙烯酸酯可以是单官能的或多官能的，例如二官能的、三官能的直至六官能的和十官能的。该清漆优选包含30重量％至75重量％，特别优选40重量％至60重量％的单官能、二官能和/或三官能的反应性稀释剂，基于清漆的质量计。合适的反应性稀释剂例如是二丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、四氢糠基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸异冰片酯和丙烯酸异癸酯。
此外，根据本发明所使用的清漆包含常规的、本领域技术人员熟悉的光引发剂。光引发剂的类型和使用量尤其取决于所使用的UV辐照。通常，基于清漆的总重量计，以1重量％至5重量％的量使用光引发剂。另外，为了调节清漆的性质，还可以向清漆中添加其它添加剂例如分散剂、消泡剂和UV吸收剂。
根据本发明的涂层体系优选用于涂覆塑料表面和玻璃表面。合适的塑料例如是普通的ABS(丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物)、ABS-PC(具有聚碳酸酯的丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物)和三聚氰胺例如三聚氰胺层压体或三聚氰胺层压的材料。根据本发明的涂层体系可以实现金属层的装饰而不损伤覆盖层，从而不会发生整体构造的不稳定。因此，根据本发明的涂层体系具有满足常规汽车规范的稳定性。以下配方仅用作实施例并且对本发明没有限制作用。
实施例
油墨
成分 量(质量％)
低聚物 10
反应性稀释剂 75
颜料 10
光引发剂 2
添加剂 3
金属层
成分
铬或铝
清漆
成分 量(质量％)
低聚物 40
反应性稀释剂 50
光引发剂 5
其它添加剂 5

Claims (10)

1.用于涂覆零件表面的方法，所述方法具有以下步骤：
(a)借助喷墨方法在零件的表面上施涂至少一种油墨，
(b)采用UV光辐照使施涂的油墨固化成含油墨的层，
(c)借助PVD方法在所述含油墨的层上施加至少一个薄的金属层，
(d)在金属层上施加至少一种清漆，
(e)将所述清漆固化成清漆层。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于，步骤(a)中在施加油墨之前，将至少一种底漆施涂在待涂覆的零件表面上并固化成底漆层。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于，在步骤(c)中借助溅射或蒸镀施涂所述金属层。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项的方法，其特征在于，在步骤(e)中通过用UV光辐照来固化清漆。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项的方法，其特征在于，所使用的零件包含丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯-共聚物、具有聚碳酸酯的丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯-共聚物、三聚氰胺或玻璃。
6.用于基材表面的涂层体系，其具有由一种或更多种UV固化性喷墨油墨制备的第一含油墨层，和至少一个金属层，以及由一种或更多种清漆制备的最后的清漆层。
7.根据权利要求6的涂层体系，其特征在于，所使用的油墨具有5重量％至50重量％的低聚物、20重量％至80重量％的反应性稀释剂和最多至15重量％的颜料，各自基于油墨的总质量计。
8.根据权利要求6或7中任一项的涂层体系，其特征在于，所述金属层包含铬或铝。
9.根据权利要求6至8中任一项的涂层体系，其特征在于，所使用的清漆是UV固化性清漆。
10.根据权利要求9的涂层体系，其特征在于，所述清漆具有15重量％至50重量％的低聚物，和20重量％至80重量％的反应性稀释剂，各自基于清漆的总质量计。
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